CN103588515B - Urban and rural waste treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the treatment and utilization of urban and rural waste. An urban and rural waste treatment method, sorting and classifying waste, crushing organic waste, adding microbial fermentation agent, adding straw or wood chaff to adjust water content, and performing anaerobic fermentation in a fermenter after stirring, anaerobic fermentation Fermentation products are used as feed for fly maggot earthworm culture. Collect the residues of fly maggot and earthworm culture to make organic fertilizer through composting and fermentation. The combustible waste is incinerated by the incinerator to provide heat for the fermentation tank, fly maggot and earthworm breeding room, and compost fermentation equipment. The invention enables wastes to be utilized as resources, treated harmlessly, and reduced to landfill, and fundamentally controls the secondary pollution caused by direct landfilling, incineration and composting of wastes.

Description

A kind of urban and rural waste treatment method

technical field

The present invention relates to waste, in particular to waste treatment and utilization.

Background technique

Urban and rural waste refers to the collection of domestic garbage, human and animal manure, market garbage, various types of food, leftovers from non-staple food processing plants, etc. Today, there are landfill, incineration, and composting methods for its treatment. These methods have their own disadvantages . One is landfill, although it can absorb a large amount of waste, it is easy to cause secondary pollution of groundwater resources for a long time, and also produces harmful gases such as methane, which will consume a lot of land; the other is incineration, which is an incineration plant for pure waste The construction and production costs are quite expensive, which will bring a huge economic burden to the local government. At the same time, the pure waste contains a large amount of inorganic and water-containing substances. When the incineration temperature does not meet the requirements, it will produce harmful substances such as dioxin, which is very toxic. Cause secondary pollutants to the environment; the third is composting, the organic matter in the waste is pre-treated, the main fermentation, post-fermentation, post-treatment, deodorization and storage processes, and the organic matter is turned into fertilizer. It can achieve the purpose of recycling, but the amount of domestic waste composting is large, the overall nutrient content is low, and the production site needs to be used for a long time. It is also easy to cause deterioration of groundwater quality, and waste water and waste gas that pollute the environment are also produced during composting fermentation. Therefore, composting The scale cannot be enlarged, and only about half of the total waste can be used for composting, while the other half still needs to be landfilled or incinerated. With the increase of population and the improvement of people's living standards, the output of domestic garbage in urban and rural areas is increasing year by year. Faced with this increasing and unavoidable waste, it will be a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned waste treatment methods, and provides an urban and rural waste treatment method, which enables the waste to be utilized as a resource, harmless treated, and reduced to landfill, and fundamentally controls the direct landfill of waste, Secondary pollution caused by incineration and composting.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for treating urban and rural waste, comprising the following steps:

(1) Sorting and classification of wastes: sort wastes into recyclable wastes, combustible wastes, organic wastes, and other wastes, among which wastes that are both combustible and organic matter are classified as combustible wastes , the other waste mentioned is the waste left after removing recyclable waste, combustible waste and organic waste from urban and rural waste;

(2) Connect the smokeless garbage incinerator with the fermentation tank, the fly maggot and earthworm breeding room, and the compost fermentation equipment to form a heating system;

(3) Combustible waste treatment: Combustible waste is incinerated in a smokeless waste incinerator;

(4) Organic waste treatment: Grind the organic waste to obtain the organic crushed product, add microbial starter, add straw or wood bran to adjust the water content, and carry out anaerobic fermentation in the fermenter after stirring;

(5) Fly maggot earthworm culture: the fermented product made by step (4) is cultivated in the fly maggot earthworm culture room as feed;

(6) Put the residue after breeding fly maggots and earthworms and microbial starter into composting fermentation equipment to make organic fertilizer through composting and fermentation, and obtain finished fertilizer after drying and granulating.

The waste sorting and categorizing equipment described in step (1) is a sorting turntable.

The garbage incinerator described in steps (2) and (3) is an atmospheric pressure hot air and hot water dual-purpose incinerator.

The microbial fermentation agent described in steps (4) and (6) is EM strain stock solution, and EM strain stock liquid contains photosynthetic bacteria group, lactic acid bacteria group, yeast group, actinomycete group, filamentous group.

The mass of the microbial starter added per kilogram of organic waste in step (4) is 1g-2g, and the water content is 40%-65%.

The anaerobic fermentation temperature in the step (4) is 40° C. to 65° C., and the fermentation time is 15 to 40 days.

The fly maggot cultivation temperature described in step (5) is 25°C-30°C, and the earthworm cultivation temperature is 20°C-25°C.

The mass of microbial starter added per kilogram of residue in step (6) is 1g-1.5g, the composting fermentation temperature is 40°C-65°C, and the fermentation time is 7-14 days.

The method adjusts the water content in the waste by mixing dry matter of straw and wood bran, so that no sewage is generated during the production process, and harmless treatment is truly achieved. Straw, wood chaff and organic matter are fermented and transformed into feed for fly maggots and earthworms, and finally into organic fertilizer, which fundamentally solves various secondary pollution caused by organic matter in landfills.

The inventive method has the following beneficial effects:

1. After the organic matter in the waste is fermented, it is used to breed fly maggots and earthworms, and then the residue is made into organic fertilizer to realize the resource utilization of waste, with a total utilization rate of more than 80%.

2. The high-efficiency garbage incinerator selected to incinerate combustible waste can not only dispose of combustible waste, but also supply heat to fermentation tanks, fly maggot and earthworm breeding rooms, and compost fermentation equipment, which can ensure anaerobic fermentation and normal breeding in low temperature seasons. Thus, waste can be processed continuously. The selected incinerator is an atmospheric pressure hot air and hot water dual-purpose furnace, and the system has no potential safety hazards. The flue gas emitted by the incineration of combustibles meets the national emission standards, and the dioxin gas is far below the national emission standards.

3. In this method, organic matter is mixed with microbial flora for anaerobic fermentation, no harmful gas and waste water are produced during the fermentation process, and the working environment is safe.

4. After converting organic waste into feed and fertilizer, the amount of waste landfill is greatly reduced, and the reduction rate can reach more than 80%, which reduces the secondary waste water and waste gas pollution generated by landfill, and increases the landfill capacity. The useful life, thereby reducing the occupation of land.

5. The organic waste obtained after manual sorting does not contain heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, etc., and the cultured fly maggots and earthworms and the organic fertilizer produced have no heavy metal residues.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the scope indicated by the examples. These examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, after reading the content of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent changes also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present invention.

Example 1

Sorting urban and rural wastes into recyclable wastes, combustible wastes, organic wastes, and other wastes on the sorting carousel, among which wastes that are both combustible and organic matter are classified as combustible wastes. Other waste refers to the waste left after removing recyclable waste, combustible waste and organic waste from urban and rural waste. The high-efficiency smokeless atmospheric pressure hot air and hot water dual-purpose garbage incinerators are connected with fermentation tanks, fly maggots and earthworm breeding rooms, and composting fermentation equipment to form a heating system. The combustible waste is incinerated by the garbage incinerator, and the heat generated can be supplied to the fermentation tank, fly maggot and earthworm breeding room, and composting fermentation equipment. Incineration products of combustible wastes and other wastes are thrown into the residue pool for landfill. After the organic waste is crushed to obtain the organic matter crushed product, 1g of EM strain stock solution is taken per kilogram of organic matter waste (the stock liquid of EM strain contains photosynthetic bacteria group, lactic acid bacteria group, yeast group, actinomycete group, filamentous group, Purchased from Nanning Tianyuan Shunfeng Technology Co., Ltd.), diluted with appropriate amount of water, mixed with the crushed organic matter, added straw to adjust the water content to 40%, after stirring, anaerobic fermentation was carried out in a fermenter, and fermented at 40°C for 40 sky. The obtained fermentation product is used as feed for fly maggot and earthworm culture. Fly maggot and earthworm breeding is carried out in multi-layer three-dimensional breeding room, one of which is used for breeding earthworms, and the second and third floors are used for breeding fly maggots. A temperature control valve is installed at the entrance of the heating pipeline entering the earthworm and fly maggot room, and the indoor temperature is controlled by the indoor thermostat to control the opening and closing of the valve to adjust the indoor temperature. Collect the residues of fly maggots and earthworms, take 1g of EM strain stock solution per kilogram of residues, add an appropriate amount of water and stir evenly, and carry out composting and fermentation at 40°C for 14 days to make organic fertilizers, which can be obtained by drying and granulating the organic fertilizers Finished fertilizers. The obtained organic fertilizer or finished chemical fertilizer can be directly used in farmland, orchard and flower garden, etc.

Example 2

Sorting urban and rural wastes into recyclable wastes, combustible wastes, organic wastes, and other wastes on the sorting carousel, among which wastes that are both combustible and organic matter are classified as combustible wastes. Other waste refers to the waste left after removing recyclable waste, combustible waste and organic waste from urban and rural waste. The high-efficiency smokeless atmospheric pressure hot air and hot water dual-purpose garbage incinerators are connected with fermentation tanks, fly maggots and earthworm breeding rooms, and composting fermentation equipment to form a heating system. The combustible waste is incinerated by the garbage incinerator, and the heat generated can be supplied to the fermentation tank, fly maggot and earthworm breeding room, and composting fermentation equipment. Incineration products of combustible wastes and other wastes are thrown into the residue pool for landfill. After the organic waste is crushed to obtain the organic matter crushed product, take 1.5g of EM strain stock solution per kilogram of organic matter waste (the stock liquid of EM strain contains photosynthetic bacteria group, lactic acid bacteria group, yeast group, actinomycete group, filamentous group , purchased from Nanning Tianyuan Shunfeng Technology Co., Ltd.), diluted with appropriate amount of water, mixed with the crushed organic matter, added wood bran to adjust the water content to 50%, and then carried out anaerobic fermentation in a fermenter after stirring, at 50 ° C Fermented for 25 days. The obtained fermentation product is used as feed for fly maggot and earthworm culture. Fly maggot and earthworm breeding is carried out in multi-layer three-dimensional breeding room, one of which is used for breeding earthworms, and the second and third floors are used for breeding fly maggots. A temperature control valve is installed at the entrance of the heating pipeline entering the earthworm and fly maggot room, and the indoor temperature is controlled by the indoor thermostat to control the opening and closing of the valve to adjust the indoor temperature. Collect the residues of fly maggots and earthworms, take 1.2g EM strain stock solution per kilogram of residues, add an appropriate amount of water and stir evenly, and carry out composting and fermentation at 50°C for 10 days to make organic fertilizers, which can be dried and granulated. Obtain finished fertilizers. The obtained organic fertilizer or finished chemical fertilizer can be directly used in farmland, orchard and flower garden, etc.

Example 3

Sorting urban and rural wastes into recyclable wastes, combustible wastes, organic wastes, and other wastes on the sorting carousel, among which wastes that are both combustible and organic matter are classified as combustible wastes. Other waste refers to the waste left after removing recyclable waste, combustible waste and organic waste from urban and rural waste. The high-efficiency smokeless atmospheric pressure hot air and hot water dual-purpose garbage incinerators are connected with fermentation tanks, fly maggots and earthworm breeding rooms, and composting fermentation equipment to form a heating system. The combustible waste is incinerated by the garbage incinerator, and the heat generated can be supplied to the fermentation tank, fly maggot and earthworm breeding room, and composting fermentation equipment. Incineration products of combustible wastes and other wastes are thrown into the residue pool for landfill. After the organic waste is crushed to obtain the organic matter pulverization product, take 2g of EM strain stock solution per kilogram of organic matter waste (the stock liquid of EM strain contains photosynthetic bacteria group, lactic acid bacteria group, yeast group, actinomycete group, filamentous group, Purchased from Nanning Tianyuan Shunfeng Technology Co., Ltd.), diluted with appropriate amount of water, mixed with the crushed organic matter, added straw to adjust the water content to 65%, after stirring, anaerobic fermentation was carried out in a fermenter, and fermented at 65°C for 15 sky. The obtained fermentation product is used as feed for fly maggot and earthworm culture. Fly maggot and earthworm breeding is carried out in multi-layer three-dimensional breeding room, one of which is used for breeding earthworms, and the second and third floors are used for breeding fly maggots. A temperature control valve is installed at the entrance of the heating pipeline entering the earthworm and fly maggot room, and the indoor temperature is controlled by the indoor thermostat to control the opening and closing of the valve to adjust the indoor temperature. Collect the residues of fly maggots and earthworms, take 1.5g EM strain stock solution per kilogram of residues, add appropriate amount of water and stir evenly, and carry out composting and fermentation at 65°C for 7 days to make organic fertilizers, which can be dried and granulated. Obtain finished fertilizers. The obtained organic fertilizer or finished chemical fertilizer can be directly used in farmland, orchard and flower garden, etc.

The waste incinerator incinerates combustible waste, which can not only dispose of combustible waste, but also supply heat to fermentation tanks, fly maggot and earthworm breeding rooms, and compost fermentation equipment, which can ensure anaerobic fermentation and normal breeding in low temperature seasons. The organic matter in the waste is fermented and used to breed fly maggots and earthworms, and then the residue is made into organic fertilizer to realize the resource utilization of waste, with a total utilization rate of more than 80%. The amount of waste landfill is greatly reduced, and the reduction rate can reach more than 80%, which reduces the secondary waste water and waste gas pollution generated by landfill, increases the service life of landfill, and thus reduces the occupation of land.

Claims (7)

1. A method for treating urban and rural waste, comprising the following steps: (1) Sorting and classification of wastes: sort wastes into recyclable wastes, combustible wastes, organic wastes, and other wastes, among which wastes that are both combustible and organic matter are classified as combustible wastes , the other waste mentioned is the waste left after removing recyclable waste, combustible waste and organic waste from urban and rural waste; (2) Connect the smokeless garbage incinerator with the fermentation tank, the fly maggot earthworm breeding room, and the compost fermentation equipment to form a heating system; (3) Combustible waste treatment: Combustible waste is incinerated in a smokeless waste incinerator; (4) Organic waste treatment: After pulverizing the organic waste, the organic pulverized product is obtained, adding a microbial starter, adding straw or wood chaff to adjust the water content, and performing anaerobic fermentation in a fermenter after stirring. The microbial starter It is the stock solution of EM strains, and the stock solution of EM strains contains photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast flora, actinomycetes, and filamentous flora; (5) Fly maggot earthworm culture: the fermented product made by step (4) is cultivated in the fly maggot earthworm culture room as feed; (6) Put the residue after cultivating fly maggots and earthworms and the microbial starter described in step (4) into composting fermentation equipment to make organic fertilizer through composting and fermentation, and obtain finished fertilizer after drying and granulating. 2. The urban and rural waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste sorting and categorizing equipment described in step (1) is a sorting turntable. 3. The urban and rural waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the smokeless garbage incinerator described in steps (2) and (3) is an atmospheric pressure hot air and hot water dual-purpose incinerator. 4. The urban and rural waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the quality of the microbial fermentation agent added per kilogram of organic waste described in step (4) is 1g～2g, and the water content is adjusted to 40%～ 65%. 5. The urban and rural waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the anaerobic fermentation temperature in step (4) is 40°C-65°C, and the fermentation time is 15-40 days. 6. The urban and rural waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fly maggot breeding temperature in step (5) is 25°C-30°C, and the earthworm breeding temperature is 20°C-25°C. 7. The urban and rural waste treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the quality of the microbial starter added per kilogram of residue described in step (6) is 1g to 1.5g, and the composting fermentation temperature is 40°C to 65 ℃, and the fermentation time is 7 to 14 days.