CN113575480A - Efficient penaeus vannamei desalination method and application - Google Patents
Efficient penaeus vannamei desalination method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN113575480A CN113575480A CN202111012883.4A CN202111012883A CN113575480A CN 113575480 A CN113575480 A CN 113575480A CN 202111012883 A CN202111012883 A CN 202111012883A CN 113575480 A CN113575480 A CN 113575480A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 25
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- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 9
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229960004050 aminobenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 9
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- NEAPKZHDYMQZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-oxo-3H-1,3-benzoxazole-6-carboxamide Chemical compound C1CN(CCN1CCNC(=O)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)NC(=O)O3)C4=CN=C(N=C4)NC5CC6=CC=CC=C6C5 NEAPKZHDYMQZCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- RQFQJYYMBWVMQG-IXDPLRRUSA-N chitotriose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)N)[C@@H](CO)O1 RQFQJYYMBWVMQG-IXDPLRRUSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient penaeus vannamei boone desalting method and application, and belongs to the technical field of penaeus vannamei boone desalting methods.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a penaeus vannamei desalination method, in particular to a high-efficiency penaeus vannamei desalination method and application.
Background
Penaeus vannamei Boone is an animal of the genus Penaeus of the family Penaeidae. The adult is 23 cm long at most, the shell is thin, the normal body color is bluish blue or light bluish gray, and no speckle exists on the whole body. The foot is usually chalk-like, so it is called white shrimp.
The penaeus vannamei boone as an important aquatic product has the characteristics of high protein (about 20 percent) and low fat, contains 8 essential amino acids and 2 semi-essential amino acids which are necessary for a human body, and belongs to the category of high-quality protein sources under FAO and WHO frameworks. Meanwhile, the penaeus vannamei boone is rich in various vitamins and minerals such as calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and the like which are beneficial to the human body. In summary, penaeus vannamei boone is a high-quality protein source with high protein, high mineral, high unsaturated fatty acid and balanced nutrition, and as a food, the penaeus vannamei boone contributes to reducing the risk of malnutrition and non-infectious diseases and improving the health of human bodies.
But the problem of low shrimp larvae desalination survival rate, the problem of low survival rate of desalinated larvae transferred to a pond, the problem of design of shrimp larvae desalination equipment, the problem of salt distribution ratio, the problem of pollution discharge, the problem of low feed utilization rate and the like exist in the existing freshwater penaeus vannamei culture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient penaeus vannamei desalination method and application thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the background technology.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an efficient penaeus vannamei desalination method and application thereof comprise the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the pretreatment work is as follows:
step S1: drying and cleaning the pond: before cultivation, the cultivation pond is sun-dried for 10-15 days, and quicklime is used for cleaning the pond every 2-3 days during the pond drying period;
step S2: adding water: feeding water into the culture pond, and controlling the water level of the culture pond to be 80-100 cm;
step S3: removing impurities at a pond opening: removing impurities by using the tea cake;
step S4: installing shrimp larva desalting equipment: the shrimp larvae desalting equipment is arranged at a place which is convenient to communicate at the pond mouth and is close to the bank side;
step S5: preparing saline water: preparing brine for desalting the shrimp larvae in shrimp larvae desalting equipment;
step two: desalting cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
step S6: putting shrimp larvae and feeding and culturing; the shrimp larvae are 0.5-0.8cm in specification, and the feeding density is 2-3 ten thousand tails per square meter;
step S7: desalting: changing water and discharging pollution every day, and gradually reducing the concentration of the saline water;
step S8: water adjustment: when the shrimp larvae are desalted, the external pond water is regulated, and the water quality reaches 'fat, alive, tender and cool'.
Step S9: transferring fresh water shrimp fries: and (4) dismantling the shrimp larva desalting equipment to enable the shrimp larvae to enter a large pond to complete desalting.
As a further scheme of the invention: the amount of quicklime used for cleaning the pond in the step S1 is 60 kg/mu.
As a further scheme of the invention: in step S2, water is added and filtered by a 60-mesh filter screen.
As a further scheme of the invention: the tea cake used for impurity removal of the mouth of the pond in the step S3 is a tea cake soaked for 5-10 hours by using crude salt, wherein the mass ratio of the tea cake to the crude salt is 100: 2-3, 30 jin of tea cakes are used per mu during impurity removal.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step S4, the horizontal area of the shrimp fry desalting equipment is 10-30 square meters, the depth of the shrimp fry desalting equipment is 0.8-1m, and the shrimp fry desalting equipment comprises an oxygen increasing device, a rainproof device and a sewage discharging device.
As a further scheme of the invention: the oxygenation device is an oxygenation plate, and one oxygenation plate is arranged every 3-5 square meters.
As a further scheme of the invention: the sewage discharge device is a water pump connected with a filter screen, and the aperture of the mesh of the filter screen is 20-30 meshes.
As a further scheme of the invention: the salinity of the saline water reaches 12 grids after the saline water is prepared in the step S5.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the step S5, the using mass ratio of the saline is 500: 150: 20: 10: 6: 1 NaCl, MgSO4、GaCl、KCl、H3BO3And mixing with KBr mixed salt.
As a further scheme of the invention: in step S7, the salinity is reduced by 1-2 grids per day.
As a further scheme of the invention: during cultivation, an impurity adsorbent is added, wherein the impurity adsorbent is a small-particle impurity adsorbent and is used for adsorbing impurities.
As a further scheme of the invention: the small-particle impurity adsorbent is prepared by the following steps:
step A1: 3g of the following components in percentage by weight: placing 100mL of chitosan into an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1%, stirring and dispersing, adding chitosanase according to the proportion of 50U/g, stirring and performing enzymolysis for 6h at 50 ℃, then performing enzyme deactivation in a boiling water bath for 10min, centrifuging for 5min at 8000r/min, taking supernatant, freeze-drying, grinding into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain chitosan powder;
step A2: adding phthalic anhydride and 95.0 mass percent of N, N-dimethylformamide aqueous solution into a flask, stirring for dissolving, then adding chitosan powder, carrying out nitrogen protection, heating to 120 ℃, reacting for 8 hours, cooling, pouring into a large amount of ice water, centrifuging, washing the obtained solid with water and ethanol, carrying out suction filtration, and drying to obtain an intermediate 1; wherein the dosage ratio of the phthalic anhydride, the N, N-dimethylformamide and the chitosan powder is 1 g: 11mL of: 0.5 g;
phthalic anhydride is used for reacting with amino on chitosan powder molecules to protect the amino, so that the following reaction does not influence the amino on the molecules, and the reaction process is as follows:
step A3: adding p-aminobenzoic acid and deionized water into a flask, then adding thionyl chloride and DMF, carrying out reflux reaction for 2h to prepare p-aminobenzoyl chloride, then adding the intermediate 1 and the p-aminobenzoyl chloride into the flask, then adding tetrahydrofuran and triethylamine, carrying out reflux reaction for 4h, and drying to prepare an intermediate 2; wherein the dosage ratio of the p-aminobenzoic acid to the thionyl chloride to the DMF is 0.01 mol: 0.012 mol: 0.005mL, and the dosage ratio of the p-aminobenzoyl chloride, the intermediate 1, the tetrahydrofuran and the triethylamine is 0.1mol g: 1 g: 50 mL; 0.1 mol;
after the p-aminobenzoic acid is acylated to prepare p-aminobenzoic chloride, the p-aminobenzoic chloride is easier to react with hydroxyl, and after the p-aminobenzoic chloride reacts with the intermediate 1, a new amino side chain is obtained; the reaction process is as follows:
step A4: adding stearic acid and deionized water into a flask, then adding thionyl chloride and DMF, carrying out reflux reaction for 3 hours to obtain stearoyl chloride, adding the intermediate 2, stearoyl chloride and tetrahydrofuran into the flask, then adding pyridine, and carrying out reflux reaction for 5-6 hours to obtain an intermediate 3; wherein, the dosage ratio of stearic acid, thionyl chloride and DMF is 0.1 mol: 0.012 mol: 0.05 mL; the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2, stearoyl chloride, tetrahydrofuran and pyridine is 3 g: 0.1 mol: 100mL of: 0.11 mol;
the carboxyl of stearic acid is converted into acyl chloride and then reacts with the amino of the intermediate 2, a long-chain fatty acid chain is introduced, the hydrophobic property of the stearic acid is improved, and the reaction process is as follows:
step A5: adding the intermediate 3 and N, N-dimethylformamide into a flask, introducing nitrogen, adding hydrazine hydrate, heating to 100 ℃, reacting for 8 hours, pouring into ethanol, centrifuging, filtering, and drying to obtain an intermediate 4, wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2 to the N, N-dimethylformamide to the hydrazine hydrate is 2 g: 200mL of: 80 mL;
the protected amino group in intermediate 2 is deprotected using hydrazine hydrate to re-expose the reactive amino group in the molecule, and the reaction proceeds as follows:
step A6: adding the intermediate 4 and 1, 3-propane sultone into a flask filled with acetonitrile, performing reflux reaction for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, performing vacuum filtration, washing for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain a small-particle impurity adsorbent; wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 3, the 1, 3-propane sultone and the acetonitrile is 1 g: 0.01 mol: 50 mL;
1, 3-propane sultone ring opening reacts with amino, so that the molecule of the intermediate 3 is connected with sulfonic group, and the reaction process is as follows:
the efficient desalination method for the penaeus vannamei boone is applied to large-area desalination culture of the penaeus vannamei boone.
The invention provides a high-efficiency penaeus vannamei desalination method and application. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention designs the desalination culture pond in the original pond, so that the shrimp larvae directly enter the large pond after being desalinated, the loss caused by pond transfer is eliminated, the feed utilization rate is high, the growth vigor of the shrimp larvae is fast, the shrimp larvae desalination equipment is designed, the operation is simple, and the pollution discharge is convenient. Meanwhile, the salinity of the early-stage water body is prepared, the stress reaction of the shrimp seeds is relieved, the survival rate of the shrimp seeds is improved, the water environment of the large pond is similar to that of the desalination culture pond, the water temperature is the same, the most favorable shrimp seed living environment is created, the interference of natural enemies of the shrimp seeds can be effectively reduced in the desalination culture pond, and the survival rate of the shrimp seeds is improved.
(2) The small-particle impurity adsorbent is prepared by modifying chitosan oligosaccharide subjected to enzymolysis as a matrix, has long-chain alkyl groups, good hydrophobic property and sulfonic acid groups, can be combined with metal ion waste generated in the desalted culture pond water, has a good adsorption effect on waste impurities, is ground in the early stage of preparation to reduce the particle size of the waste impurities, cannot generate agglomeration after the impurities are adsorbed, and can be discharged from a filter screen of 20-30 meshes during pollution discharge, so that the desalted culture pond has good water quality, and the growth and survival of shrimp larvae are further improved.
(3) The mesh of the sewage discharge device is set to be 20-30 meshes, so that the shrimp larvae can be intercepted while the sewage is discharged, and the shrimp larvae are prevented from being damaged or lost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the shrimp larvae desalting equipment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic sectional structure diagram of the shrimp larvae desalting equipment.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. a rain-proof device; 2. an oxygenation device; 3. a sewage draining device; 4. and (4) a filter screen.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention relates to a high-efficiency penaeus vannamei boone desalination method and application thereof, wherein a penaeus vannamei boone desalination apparatus is adopted, the apparatus is directly arranged in an original pond, as shown in fig. 2, wherein a dotted line part is positioned in pond water, a rain-proof device 1 is arranged at the top of the apparatus to prevent rainwater from influencing salinity inside the desalination culture pond and culture environment, an oxygen increasing device 2 is arranged at the bottom, the oxygen increasing device 2 is an oxygen increasing disc to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen during culture and ensure growth of the penaeus vannamei boone, a filter screen 4 is arranged at one side of the bottom, the filter screen 4 is connected with a water pump through a water pipe to form a sewage discharge device 3, the filter screen 4 is set to be 20-30 meshes, so that impurities can be conveniently discharged, and simultaneously, the loss of the penaeus vannamei boone can be prevented from causing damage.
Example 1
Preparing a small particle impurity adsorbent, the small particle impurity adsorbent being made by the steps of:
step A1: 3g of the following components in percentage by weight: placing 100mL of chitosan into an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1%, stirring and dispersing, adding chitosanase according to the proportion of 50U/g, stirring and performing enzymolysis for 6h at 50 ℃, then performing enzyme deactivation in a boiling water bath for 10min, centrifuging for 5min at 8000r/min, taking supernatant, freeze-drying, grinding into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain chitosan powder;
step A2: adding phthalic anhydride and 95.0 mass percent of N, N-dimethylformamide aqueous solution into a flask, stirring for dissolving, then adding chitosan powder, carrying out nitrogen protection, heating to 120 ℃, reacting for 8 hours, cooling, pouring into a large amount of ice water, centrifuging, washing the obtained solid with water and ethanol, carrying out suction filtration, and drying to obtain an intermediate 1; wherein the dosage ratio of the phthalic anhydride, the N, N-dimethylformamide and the chitosan powder is 1 g: 11mL of: 0.5 g;
step A3: adding p-aminobenzoic acid and deionized water into a flask, then adding thionyl chloride and DMF, carrying out reflux reaction for 2h to prepare p-aminobenzoyl chloride, then adding the intermediate 1 and the p-aminobenzoyl chloride into the flask, then adding tetrahydrofuran and triethylamine, carrying out reflux reaction for 4h, and drying to prepare an intermediate 2; wherein the dosage ratio of the p-aminobenzoic acid to the thionyl chloride to the DMF is 0.01 mol: 0.012 mol: 0.005mL, and the dosage ratio of the p-aminobenzoyl chloride, the intermediate 1, the tetrahydrofuran and the triethylamine is 0.1mol g: 1 g: 50 mL; 0.1 mol;
step A4: adding stearic acid and deionized water into a flask, then adding thionyl chloride and DMF, carrying out reflux reaction for 3 hours to obtain stearoyl chloride, adding the intermediate 2, stearoyl chloride and tetrahydrofuran into the flask, then adding pyridine, and carrying out reflux reaction for 5 hours to obtain an intermediate 3; wherein, the dosage ratio of stearic acid, thionyl chloride and DMF is 0.1 mol: 0.012 mol: 0.05 mL; the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2, stearoyl chloride, tetrahydrofuran and pyridine is 3 g: 0.1 mol: 100mL of: 0.11 mol;
step A5: adding the intermediate 3 and N, N-dimethylformamide into a flask, introducing nitrogen, adding hydrazine hydrate, heating to 100 ℃, reacting for 8 hours, pouring into ethanol, centrifuging, filtering, and drying to obtain an intermediate 4, wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2 to the N, N-dimethylformamide to the hydrazine hydrate is 2 g: 200mL of: 80 mL;
step A6: adding the intermediate 4 and 1, 3-propane sultone into a flask filled with acetonitrile, performing reflux reaction for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, performing vacuum filtration, washing for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain a small-particle impurity adsorbent; wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 3, the 1, 3-propane sultone and the acetonitrile is 1 g: 0.01 mol: 50 mL.
Example 2
Preparing a small particle impurity adsorbent, the small particle impurity adsorbent being made by the steps of:
step A1: 3g of the following components in percentage by weight: placing 100mL of chitosan into an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1%, stirring and dispersing, adding chitosanase according to the proportion of 50U/g, stirring and performing enzymolysis for 6h at 50 ℃, then performing enzyme deactivation in a boiling water bath for 10min, centrifuging for 5min at 8000r/min, taking supernatant, freeze-drying, grinding into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain chitosan powder;
step A2: adding phthalic anhydride and 95.0 mass percent of N, N-dimethylformamide aqueous solution into a flask, stirring for dissolving, then adding chitosan powder, carrying out nitrogen protection, heating to 120 ℃, reacting for 8 hours, cooling, pouring into a large amount of ice water, centrifuging, washing the obtained solid with water and ethanol, carrying out suction filtration, and drying to obtain an intermediate 1; wherein the dosage ratio of the phthalic anhydride, the N, N-dimethylformamide and the chitosan powder is 1 g: 11mL of: 0.5 g;
step A3: adding p-aminobenzoic acid and deionized water into a flask, then adding thionyl chloride and DMF, carrying out reflux reaction for 2h to prepare p-aminobenzoyl chloride, then adding the intermediate 1 and the p-aminobenzoyl chloride into the flask, then adding tetrahydrofuran and triethylamine, carrying out reflux reaction for 4h, and drying to prepare an intermediate 2; wherein the dosage ratio of the p-aminobenzoic acid to the thionyl chloride to the DMF is 0.01 mol: 0.012 mol: 0.005mL, and the dosage ratio of the p-aminobenzoyl chloride, the intermediate 1, the tetrahydrofuran and the triethylamine is 0.1mol g: 1 g: 50 mL; 0.1 mol;
step A4: adding stearic acid and deionized water into a flask, then adding thionyl chloride and DMF, carrying out reflux reaction for 3 hours to obtain stearoyl chloride, adding the intermediate 2, stearoyl chloride and tetrahydrofuran into the flask, then adding pyridine, and carrying out reflux reaction for 5.5 hours to obtain an intermediate 3; wherein, the dosage ratio of stearic acid, thionyl chloride and DMF is 0.1 mol: 0.012 mol: 0.05 mL; the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2, stearoyl chloride, tetrahydrofuran and pyridine is 3 g: 0.1 mol: 100mL of: 0.11 mol;
step A5: adding the intermediate 3 and N, N-dimethylformamide into a flask, introducing nitrogen, adding hydrazine hydrate, heating to 100 ℃, reacting for 8 hours, pouring into ethanol, centrifuging, filtering, and drying to obtain an intermediate 4, wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2 to the N, N-dimethylformamide to the hydrazine hydrate is 2 g: 200mL of: 80 mL;
step A6: adding the intermediate 4 and 1, 3-propane sultone into a flask filled with acetonitrile, performing reflux reaction for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, performing vacuum filtration, washing for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain a small-particle impurity adsorbent; wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 3, the 1, 3-propane sultone and the acetonitrile is 1 g: 0.01 mol: 50 mL.
Example 3
Preparing a small particle impurity adsorbent, the small particle impurity adsorbent being made by the steps of:
step A1: 3g of the following components in percentage by weight: placing 100mL of chitosan into an acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 1%, stirring and dispersing, adding chitosanase according to the proportion of 50U/g, stirring and performing enzymolysis for 6h at 50 ℃, then performing enzyme deactivation in a boiling water bath for 10min, centrifuging for 5min at 8000r/min, taking supernatant, freeze-drying, grinding into powder, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain chitosan powder;
step A2: adding phthalic anhydride and 95.0 mass percent of N, N-dimethylformamide aqueous solution into a flask, stirring for dissolving, then adding chitosan powder, carrying out nitrogen protection, heating to 120 ℃, reacting for 8 hours, cooling, pouring into a large amount of ice water, centrifuging, washing the obtained solid with water and ethanol, carrying out suction filtration, and drying to obtain an intermediate 1; wherein the dosage ratio of the phthalic anhydride, the N, N-dimethylformamide and the chitosan powder is 1 g: 11mL of: 0.5 g;
step A3: adding p-aminobenzoic acid and deionized water into a flask, then adding thionyl chloride and DMF, carrying out reflux reaction for 2h to prepare p-aminobenzoyl chloride, then adding the intermediate 1 and the p-aminobenzoyl chloride into the flask, then adding tetrahydrofuran and triethylamine, carrying out reflux reaction for 4h, and drying to prepare an intermediate 2; wherein the dosage ratio of the p-aminobenzoic acid to the thionyl chloride to the DMF is 0.01 mol: 0.012 mol: 0.005mL, and the dosage ratio of the p-aminobenzoyl chloride, the intermediate 1, the tetrahydrofuran and the triethylamine is 0.1mol g: 1 g: 50 mL; 0.1 mol;
step A4: adding stearic acid and deionized water into a flask, then adding thionyl chloride and DMF, carrying out reflux reaction for 3h to obtain stearoyl chloride, adding the intermediate 2, stearoyl chloride and tetrahydrofuran into the flask, then adding pyridine, and carrying out reflux reaction for 6h to obtain an intermediate 3; wherein, the dosage ratio of stearic acid, thionyl chloride and DMF is 0.1 mol: 0.012 mol: 0.05 mL; the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2, stearoyl chloride, tetrahydrofuran and pyridine is 3 g: 0.1 mol: 100mL of: 0.11 mol;
step A5: adding the intermediate 3 and N, N-dimethylformamide into a flask, introducing nitrogen, adding hydrazine hydrate, heating to 100 ℃, reacting for 8 hours, pouring into ethanol, centrifuging, filtering, and drying to obtain an intermediate 4, wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 2 to the N, N-dimethylformamide to the hydrazine hydrate is 2 g: 200mL of: 80 mL;
step A6: adding the intermediate 4 and 1, 3-propane sultone into a flask filled with acetonitrile, performing reflux reaction for 3 hours, cooling to room temperature, performing vacuum filtration, washing for 3 times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying to obtain a small-particle impurity adsorbent; wherein the dosage ratio of the intermediate 3, the 1, 3-propane sultone and the acetonitrile is 1 g: 0.01 mol: 50 mL.
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps: the pretreatment work is as follows:
step S1: drying and cleaning the pond: the culture pond is sun-dried for 10 days before culture, and quicklime is used for cleaning the pond every 2 days during the sun-drying period, and the amount of the quicklime is controlled to be 60 kg/mu;
step S2: adding water: feeding water into the culture pond, controlling the water level of the culture pond to be 80cm, and filtering by using a 60-mesh filter screen during water feeding;
step S3: removing impurities at a pond opening: removing impurities by using the tea cake; the tea cake is obtained by soaking for 5 hours in crude salt, wherein the mass ratio of the tea cake to the crude salt is 100: 2, 30 jin of tea cakes are used per mu during impurity removal.
Step S4: installing shrimp larva desalting equipment: the shrimp larvae desalting equipment is arranged at a place which is convenient to communicate at the mouth of the pond and is close to the bank side, the horizontal area of the shrimp larvae desalting equipment is 10 square meters, the depth of the shrimp larvae desalting equipment is 0.8m, an oxygen increasing device is arranged every 3 square meters, and a sewage discharging device is connected with a filter screen with 20 meshes.
Step S5: preparing saline water: preparing brine for desalting the shrimp larvae in shrimp larvae desalting equipment, wherein the salinity reaches 12 grids after the preparation is finished; wherein the use mass ratio of the saline water is 500: 150: 20: 10: 6: 1 NaCl, MgSO4、GaCl、KCl、H3BO3Mixing with KBr mixed salt;
step two: desalting cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
step S6: putting shrimp larvae and feeding and culturing; the shrimp larvae are 0.5cm in size, and the feeding density is 2 ten thousand tails per square meter;
step S7: desalting: changing water and discharging pollution every day, and reducing the salinity by 1 grid every day;
step S8: water adjustment: when the shrimp larvae are desalted, the external pond water is regulated, and the water quality reaches 'fat, alive, tender and cool'.
Step S9: transferring fresh water shrimp fries: and (4) dismantling the shrimp larva desalting equipment to enable the shrimp larvae to enter a large pond to complete desalting.
Example 5
The method comprises the following steps: the pretreatment work is as follows:
step S1: drying and cleaning the pond: the culture pond is sunned for 12 days before culture, quicklime is used for cleaning the pond every 3 days during sunning, and the amount of the quicklime is controlled to be 60 kg/mu;
step S2: adding water: feeding water into the culture pond, controlling the water level of the culture pond to be 90cm, and filtering by using a 60-mesh filter screen during water feeding;
step S3: removing impurities at a pond opening: removing impurities by using the tea cake; the tea cake is obtained by soaking for 7.5 hours in crude salt, wherein the mass ratio of the tea cake to the crude salt is 100: 2.5, 30 jin of tea cakes are used per mu during impurity removal.
Step S4: installing shrimp larva desalting equipment: the shrimp larvae desalting equipment is arranged at a place which is convenient to communicate at the mouth of the pond and is close to the bank side, the horizontal area of the shrimp larvae desalting equipment is 20 square meters, the depth of the shrimp larvae desalting equipment is 0.9m, an oxygen increasing device is arranged every 4 square meters, and a sewage discharging device is connected with a filter screen with 20 meshes.
Step S5: preparing saline water: preparing brine for desalting the shrimp larvae in shrimp larvae desalting equipment, wherein the salinity reaches 12 grids after the preparation is finished; wherein the use mass ratio of the saline water is 500: 150: 20: 10: 6: 1 NaCl, MgSO4、GaCl、KCl、H3BO3Mixing with KBr mixed salt;
step two: desalting cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
step S6: putting shrimp larvae and feeding and culturing; the shrimp larvae are 0.6cm in size, and the feeding density is 2.5 ten thousand tails per square meter;
step S7: desalting: changing water and discharging pollution every day, and reducing the salinity by 1.5 grids every day;
step S8: water adjustment: when the shrimp larvae are desalted, the external pond water is regulated, and the water quality reaches 'fat, alive, tender and cool'.
Step S9: transferring fresh water shrimp fries: and (4) dismantling the shrimp larva desalting equipment to enable the shrimp larvae to enter a large pond to complete desalting.
Example 6
The method comprises the following steps: the pretreatment work is as follows:
step S1: drying and cleaning the pond: the culture pond is sun-dried for 15 days before culture, and quicklime is used for cleaning the pond every 3 days during the sun-drying period, and the amount of the quicklime is controlled to be 60 kg/mu;
step S2: adding water: feeding water into the culture pond, controlling the water level of the culture pond to be 100cm, and filtering by using a 60-mesh filter screen during water feeding;
step S3: removing impurities at a pond opening: removing impurities by using the tea cake; the tea cake is obtained by soaking for 10 hours in crude salt, wherein the mass ratio of the tea cake to the crude salt is 100: 3, 30 jin of tea cakes are used per mu during impurity removal.
Step S4: installing shrimp larva desalting equipment: the shrimp larvae desalting equipment is arranged at a place which is convenient to communicate at the mouth of the pond and is close to the bank side, the horizontal area of the shrimp larvae desalting equipment is 30 square meters, the depth of the shrimp larvae desalting equipment is 1m, an oxygenation device is arranged every 5 square meters, and a sewage discharge device is connected with a 30-mesh filter screen.
Step S5: preparing saline water: preparing brine for desalting the shrimp larvae in shrimp larvae desalting equipment, wherein the salinity reaches 12 grids after the preparation is finished; wherein the use mass ratio of the saline water is 500: 150: 20: 10: 6: 1 NaCl, MgSO4、GaCl、KCl、H3BO3Mixing with KBr mixed salt;
step two: desalting cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
step S6: putting shrimp larvae and feeding and culturing; the shrimp larvae are 0.8cm in size, and the feeding density is 3 ten thousand tails per square meter;
step S7: desalting: changing water and discharging pollution every day, and reducing the salinity by 2 grids every day;
step S8: water adjustment: when the shrimp larvae are desalted, the external pond water is regulated, and the water quality reaches 'fat, alive, tender and cool'.
Step S9: transferring fresh water shrimp fries: and (4) dismantling the shrimp larva desalting equipment to enable the shrimp larvae to enter a large pond to complete desalting.
In examples 4-5, the small particle impurity adsorbent prepared in example 2 was added during the desalination cultivation.
Comparative example 1: the small particle impurity adsorbent prepared in example 2 was not added as compared to example 5.
Comparative example 2: and desalting by adopting an indoor cement pond desalting mode.
The growth and survival rate of the shrimp fries cultured in the methods of examples 4-6 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were observed and counted, and the growth of the shrimp fries was measured to 1.5cm, and the required days were counted, and the results are shown in the following table:
| days required for 1.5cm | Survival rate | |
| Example 4 | 7 days | 91％ |
| Example 5 | 7 days | 90％ |
| Example 6 | 7 days | 90％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 12 days | 69％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 13 days | 71％ |
As can be seen from the above table, the shrimp fries desalinated and cultured by the methods of examples 4-6 have fast growth and high survival rate.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the principles of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions of the specific embodiments described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the claims set forth herein.
Claims (9)
1. An efficient desalination method for penaeus vannamei boone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreating the culture pond;
step two: desalting cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
putting the shrimp larvae into shrimp larvae desalting equipment and feeding and culturing;
desalting: changing water and discharging pollution every day, and gradually reducing the concentration of the saline water;
water adjustment: when the shrimp larvae are desalinated, regulating the water in the external pond;
transferring fresh water shrimp fries: dismantling the shrimp larva desalting equipment to enable the shrimp larvae to enter a large pond to complete desalting;
wherein, impurity adsorbent is added during desalination cultivation.
2. The efficient desalination method of penaeus vannamei boone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pretreatment in the first step specifically comprises the following steps:
drying and cleaning the pond: before cultivation, the cultivation pond is sun-dried for 10-15 days, and quicklime is used for cleaning the pond every 2-3 days during the pond drying period;
adding water: feeding water into the culture pond, and controlling the water level of the culture pond to be 80-100 cm;
removing impurities at a pond opening: removing impurities by using the tea cake;
installing shrimp larva desalting equipment;
preparing saline water: the saline water for desalting the shrimp larvae is prepared in the shrimp larvae desalting equipment to ensure that the salinity of the saline water reaches 12 grids.
3. The efficient desalination method of penaeus vannamei boone as claimed in claim 2, wherein the amount of quicklime used for pond cleaning is 60 kg/mu, and a 60-mesh filter screen is used for filtering when water is added.
4. The efficient penaeus vannamei boone desalting method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the using amount of the tea cakes in the impurity removal of the pond mouth is 30 jin/mu.
5. The efficient desalination method of south whitening prawns according to claim 1, characterized in that the shrimp larvae desalination equipment comprises an oxygen increasing device (2), a rainproof device (1) and a sewage discharging device (3), wherein the sewage discharging device (3) is connected with a filter screen (4) with 20-30 meshes.
6. The efficient desalination method of penaeus vannamei boone as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the salt water for desalinating the shrimp larvae is used in a mass ratio of 500: 150: 20: 10: 6: 1 NaCl, MgSO4、GaCl、KCl、H3BO3And mixing with KBr mixed salt.
7. The efficient desalination method for penaeus vannamei boone and the white shrimp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the fed young penaeus vannamei boone is 0.5-0.8cm, and the feeding density is 2-3 ten thousand tails per square meter.
8. The method for desalinating penaeus vannamei effectively according to claim 1, wherein the salt water concentration is decreased at a rate of 1-2 checks of salinity per day.
9. The method of claim 1, applied to large-area desalination culture of penaeus vannamei boone.
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