CN113562980A - 一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用 - Google Patents

一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用 Download PDF

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CN113562980A
CN113562980A CN202010356479.8A CN202010356479A CN113562980A CN 113562980 A CN113562980 A CN 113562980A CN 202010356479 A CN202010356479 A CN 202010356479A CN 113562980 A CN113562980 A CN 113562980A
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inorganic fiber
parts
graphite
modified inorganic
oxide
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马国栋
谢红
陈占虎
杨佳
王慧茹
孟辉江
岳彦彦
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Hebei Sunsky Deeply Developed Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于保温材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用。该改性无机纤维丝包括无机纤维丝和改性剂,所述改性剂为石墨、二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨‑二氧化硅气凝胶中的至少一种。通过采用改性剂对无机纤维丝进行改性,将改性后的无机纤维丝应用于保温材料的制备时,可以有效提高保温材料的保温性能,这是因为石墨对无机纤维丝改性时,由于石墨自身的金属光泽及层片状结构会产生镜面效应反射红外线,延迟或者降低红外线传递,降低材料的热辐射传导,提高材料保温效果。由于二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨‑二氧化硅气凝胶低导热系数的特性,对无机纤维丝改性后可以有效降低材料的导热系数,提高材料的保温效果。

Description

一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于保温材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用。
背景技术
随着各国经济的高速发展,世界能源危机与环境恶化问题应运而生。采用隔热材料可大幅度降低能耗,是实现全球经济可持续发展的主要措施。近些年,来自各个行业的隔热、保温、节能要求正逐年提高,开发新型、高效的保温隔热材料迫在眉睫。
目前常用的保温材料包括挤塑板、石墨聚苯板、岩棉、真空绝热板。挤塑板和石墨聚苯板的导热系数较低分别为0.030W/(m·k)和0.032W/(m·k),但是防火等级为B1,防火等级比较低,不能满足高层建筑和超高层建筑及密集场所A级防火等级的要求。无机保温材料为A级防火,但是导热系数比较高,若想达到75%节能或者被动房要求需要增大保温层厚度,施工难度和施工成本都会增加。因此对无机保温材料进行改性降低导热系数,既保证了防火等级,又保证了保温性能。
随着保温材料使用行业的迅速发展,传统保温产品已不能满足社会和工业需求,因此,开发一种高保温性能的保温材料具有重要的研究意义。
发明内容
因此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中的无机保温材料的传热系数高、保温性能差等缺陷,从而提供一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用。
为此,本发明提供了以下技术方案。
本发明提供了一种改性无机纤维丝,包括无机纤维丝和改性剂;
所述改性剂为石墨、二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶中的至少一种。
所述无机纤维丝为岩棉丝、陶瓷纤维或玻璃纤维。
所述改性剂为质量比为(3-5):(9-11):(5-7)的石墨、二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶。
所述改性无机纤维丝中改性剂的质量百分数为0.1-10%。
所述石墨的粒径不小于20μm;
所述二氧化硅气凝胶的孔径为50-70nm,孔隙率在99%以上;
所述石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶中石墨的含量为0.1-1.0wt%。
进一步地,以岩棉丝100重量份数计,所述岩棉丝的原料包括33-35份玄武岩、8-12份矿渣、15-20份白云石和15-20份焦炭。
进一步地,以陶瓷纤维100重量份数计,所述陶瓷纤维的原料包括45-55份二氧化硅、40-50份氧化铝、0.8-1份氧化铁、0.1-0.25份氧化钠和0.1-0.25份氧化钾。
进一步地,以玻璃纤维100重量份数计,所述玻璃纤维的原料包括50-70份二氧化硅、5-15份氧化钠、5-15份三氧化二硼、0-5份氧化铝、0-10份氧化钾、0-10份氧化钡、0-10份过氧化锶、0-2份氧化锌、0-7份氧化钙和氧化镁的混合物;
其中,所述氧化铝、氧化钾、氧化钡、过氧化锶、氧化锌、氧化钙和氧化镁的份数不为0。
本发明还提供了一种上述改性无机纤维丝在制备保温材料中的应用。
进一步地,保温材料的制备方法包括以下步骤,
对岩棉丝进行改性,然后依次经集棉、传送、打褶、加压、固化后得到保温材料;或,
对玻璃纤维改性后进行短切,然后经粘结、加热、冷压处理后得到保温材料;或,
对陶瓷纤维丝进行改性,对陶瓷纤维丝进行改性,短切后将短纤维、粘结剂、分散剂加入溶剂中形成悬浮棉浆,经成型、挤压后形成纤维板湿坯,烘干、煅烧后得到保温材料。其中,粘结剂包括低温粘结剂和高温粘结剂,低温粘结剂为聚乙烯醇,高温粘结剂为乙酸锆。
进一步地,对岩棉丝进行改性的方法包括以下步骤,
岩棉丝的原料在1400-1500℃下熔融制成岩浆,岩浆在离心和吹离风的作用下制成岩棉丝,改性剂被吸入吹离风管道并伴随吹离风附着在岩棉丝上对其进行改性。
所述保温材料为保温板、保温条或保温毡。
本发明技术方案,具有如下优点:
1.本发明提供的改性无机纤维丝,包括无机纤维丝和改性剂,所述改性剂为石墨、二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶中的至少一种。通过采用石墨、二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶中的至少一种对无机纤维丝进行改性,将改性后的无机纤维丝应用于保温材料的制备时,可以有效提高保温材料的保温性能,这是因为石墨对无机纤维丝改性时,由于石墨自身的金属光泽及层片状结构会产生镜面效应反射红外线,延迟或者降低红外线传递,降低材料的热辐射传导,因此,石墨改性无机纤维丝后会降低材料的导热系数,从而提高了材料的保温效果。由于二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶低导热系数的特性,对无机纤维丝改性后可以有效降低材料的导热系数,提高材料的保温效果。
2.本发明提供的改性无机纤维丝,无机纤维丝为岩棉丝、陶瓷纤维或玻璃纤维,改性后的岩棉丝制备得到的保温材料的导热系数由0.04W/(m·k)降低到0.030W/(m·k)-0.035W/(m·k);改性后的陶瓷纤维制备得到的保温材料的导热系数由0.232W/(m·k)降低到0.17W/(m·k)-0.20W/(m·k);改性后的玻璃纤维制备得到的保温材料的导热系数由0.042W/(m·k)降低到0.032-0.037W/(m·k)。
3.本发明提供的改性无机纤维丝,本发明通过控制改性剂的用量,可以最大限度的发挥改性剂降低材料热辐射传导的作用。这是因为,当石墨的用量太小时,石墨的镜面效应不明显,当石墨的用量过多时,会使石墨的热传导发挥主导地位,提高无机纤维的导热系数,降低保温效果,同时石墨用量增加还会增加生产成本;而二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶的市场价格较高,通过控制改性剂的用量,可以保证无机纤维保温效果的同时最大程度的降低生产成本。
4.本发明提供的改性无机纤维丝在制备保温材料中的应用,本发明提供的改性无机纤维丝制备得到的保温材料的导热系数低、保温性能好。
改性剂对岩棉丝进行改性的方法可以使改性剂均匀附着在岩棉丝上。
具体实施方式
提供下述实施例是为了进一步理解本发明,并不局限于所述最佳实施方式,不对本发明的内容和保护范围构成限制,任何人在本发明的启示下或是将本发明与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本发明相同或相近似的产品,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用,该改性无机纤维丝包括无机纤维丝和改性剂,其中无机纤维丝为岩棉丝,岩棉丝的原料包括质量比为33:10:17:20的玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭;改性剂为二氧化硅气凝胶,孔径为50nm,孔隙率为99%,改性剂在改性无机纤维丝中的含量为5wt%;
上述改性无机纤维丝在保温板制备中的应用,包括以下步骤,
将玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭混合,加热,在1400℃、富氧条件下使其熔融成岩浆,岩浆在离心机4500rpm高速旋转和频率为3000Hz鼓风机产生的吹离风下制成岩棉丝,在吹离风处依靠虹吸效应将二氧化硅气凝胶吸入高压吹离风管道,二氧化硅气凝胶伴随着高压吹离风附着在岩棉丝上对其进行改性,在二氧化硅气凝胶附着在岩棉丝的同时,酚醛树脂溶液从另一管道喷出,作用于岩棉丝上;同时吹离风带动岩棉丝离开离心机进入集棉室;
集棉室内的岩棉丝通过负压风将岩棉丝吸附到捕集带进行集棉,岩棉丝在捕集带上不断被收集,形成岩棉束;岩棉束通过传送带依次通过摆锤机、集棉带、打褶机、加压机、固化炉,经切割后得到保温板。
其中,酚醛树脂的固含量为10%,酚醛树脂的喷入量为保温板总重量的10%。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用,该改性无机纤维丝包括无机纤维丝和改性剂,其中无机纤维丝为岩棉丝,其原料包括质量比为34:10:16:19的玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭;改性剂为石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶,石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶中石墨的含量为0.4wt%,改性剂在改性无机纤维丝中的含量为6.5wt%;
上述改性无机纤维丝在保温板制备中的应用,包括以下步骤,
将玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭混合,加热,在1500℃、富氧条件下使其熔融成岩浆,岩浆在离心机5000rpm高速旋转和频率为3000Hz鼓风机产生的吹离风下制成岩棉丝,在吹离风处依靠虹吸效应将石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶吸入高压吹离风管道,石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶伴随着吹离风附着在岩棉丝上对其进行改性,在石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶附着在岩棉丝的同时,酚醛树脂从另一管道喷出,作用于岩棉丝上;同时吹离风带动岩棉丝离开离心机进入集棉室;
集棉室内的岩棉丝通过负压风将岩棉丝吸附到捕集带进行集棉,岩棉丝在捕集带上不断被收集,形成岩棉束;岩棉束通过传送带依次通过摆锤机、集棉带、打褶机、加压机、固化炉,经切割后得到保温板。
其中,酚醛树脂的固含量为10%,酚醛树脂的喷入量为保温板总重量的10%。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用,该改性无机纤维丝包括无机纤维丝和改性剂,其中无机纤维丝为岩棉丝,其原料包括质量比为34:10:16:19的玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭;改性剂为石墨,石墨的粒径为180μm,石墨在改性无机纤维丝中的含量为0.5wt%;
上述改性无机纤维丝在保温板制备中的应用,包括以下步骤,
将玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭混合,加热,在1400℃、富氧条件下使其熔融成岩浆,岩浆在离心机4500rpm高速旋转和频率为3000Hz鼓风机产生的吹离风下制成岩棉丝,在吹离风处依靠虹吸效应将石墨吸入高压吹离风管道,石墨伴随着吹离风附着在岩棉丝上对其进行改性,在石墨附着在岩棉丝的同时,酚醛树脂从另一管道喷出,作用于岩棉丝上;同时吹离风带动岩棉丝离开离心机进入集棉室;
集棉室内的岩棉丝通过负压风将岩棉丝吸附到捕集带进行集棉,岩棉丝在捕集带上不断被收集,形成岩棉束;岩棉束通过传送带依次通过摆锤机、集棉带、打褶机、加压机、固化炉,经切割后得到保温板。
其中,酚醛树脂的固含量为10%,酚醛树脂的喷入量为保温板总重量的10%。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用,该改性无机纤维丝包括无机纤维丝和改性剂,其中无机纤维丝为玻璃纤维,玻璃纤维的原料包括60kg二氧化硅、5kg氧化钠、10kg三氧化二硼、2kg氧化铝、1kg氧化钾、2kg氧化钡、3kg氧化钙、3kg氧化镁、1kg氧化锌;改性剂为石墨,石墨的粒径为180μm,石墨在改性无机纤维丝中的含量为0.5wt%;
上述改性无机纤维丝在保温毡制备中的应用,包括以下步骤,
上述玻璃纤维的原料混合在,在1500℃下加热使其熔融,利用套管将熔融态的玻璃拉成玻璃纤维丝,同时从另一管道喷射石墨,使石墨附着在玻璃纤维丝表面改性;然后对改性后的玻璃纤维丝进行短切,再加入粘结剂(聚氨酯树脂),使玻璃纤维粘合成毡,然后在180℃条件下加热30min后,冷压切割卷取得到保温毡。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用,该改性无机纤维丝包括无机纤维丝和改性剂,其中无机纤维丝为陶瓷纤维,陶瓷纤维的原料包括48kg二氧化硅、45kg氧化铝、0.9kg氧化铁、0.2kg氧化钠和0.1kg氧化钾;改性剂为石墨,石墨的粒径为180μm,石墨在改性无机纤维丝中的含量为4wt%;
上述改性无机纤维丝在保温板制备中的应用,包括以下步骤,
将上述原料放入温度为2400℃的熔化炉中熔化,得到熔化混合物,在吹离风处依靠虹吸效应将石墨吸入高压吹离风管道,熔化混合物在离心机9000r/min和频率为3000Hz鼓风机产生的吹离风下制成陶瓷纤维丝,石墨伴随着吹离风附着在陶瓷纤维丝上对其进行改性,同时吹离风带动陶瓷纤维丝离开离心机进入集棉室;上述纤维丝送至集棉室聚集,通过传送带形成层铺结构;将上述的层铺结构的散锦棉经过针刺机进行双面针刺,形成一定拉力的原始陶瓷纤维;
将上述陶瓷纤维均匀切碎形成3-5mm的短纤维,将原料按着每100g陶瓷纤维、30ml乙酸锆溶胶(粘度为30Pa·S)、3g聚乙烯醇、500ml蒸馏水的比例进行混合,并加入乙酸作为分散剂,形成悬浮棉浆;
将形成的悬浮棉浆缓慢倒入具有过滤系统的成型模具中,使短纤维均匀的沉降在模具中,在沉降到一定厚度后打开真空吸滤系统,吸出多余的水份,取出纤维板湿坯放在平整的托盘上,并在上方覆盖平整的压板,向下施加0.1-0.3MPa的压力挤压纤维板湿坯,使纤维板相对致密以保持形貌;
将纤维板连同托盘放入120℃烘箱中烘干,烘干后在表面涂抹锆溶胶加强表面的强度,再次烘干后放入高温炉中煅烧,以4℃/min的升温速率升温至1600℃并保温2h,获得厚度均匀、表面平整的刚性陶瓷纤维板。
实施例6
本实施例提供了一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用,该改性无机纤维丝包括无机纤维丝和改性剂,其中无机纤维丝为岩棉丝,其原料包括质量比为33:10:17:20的玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭;改性剂为质量比为1:3的二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨的混合物,孔径为50nm,孔隙率为99%,石墨的粒径为180μm,改性剂在改性无机纤维丝中的含量为0.5wt%;
上述改性无机纤维丝在保温板制备中的应用,包括以下步骤,
将玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭混合,加热,在1400℃、富氧条件下使其熔融成岩浆,岩浆在离心机4500rpm高速旋转和频率为3000Hz鼓风机产生的吹离风下制成岩棉丝,在吹离风处依靠虹吸效应将改性剂吸入高压吹离风管道,改性剂伴随着吹离风附着在岩棉丝上对其进行改性,在改性剂附着在岩棉丝的同时,酚醛树脂溶液从另一管道喷出,作用于岩棉丝上;同时吹离风带动岩棉丝离开离心机进入集棉室;
集棉室内的岩棉丝通过负压风将岩棉丝吸附到捕集带进行集棉,岩棉丝在捕集带上不断被收集,形成岩棉束;岩棉束通过传送带依次通过摆锤机、集棉带、打褶机、加压机、固化炉,经切割后得到保温板。
其中,酚醛树脂的固含量为10%,酚醛树脂的喷入量为保温板总重量的10%。
实施例7
本实施例提供了一种改性无机纤维丝及其应用,该改性无机纤维丝包括无机纤维丝和改性剂,其中无机纤维丝为岩棉丝,其原料包括质量比为33:10:17:20的玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭;改性剂为质量比为2:5:3的石墨、二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶的混合物,孔径为50nm,孔隙率为99%,石墨的粒径为180μm,改性剂在改性无机纤维丝中的含量为0.55wt%;
上述改性无机纤维丝在保温板制备中的应用,包括以下步骤,
将玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭混合,加热,在1400℃、富氧条件下使其熔融成岩浆,岩浆在离心机4500rpm高速旋转和频率为3000Hz鼓风机产生的吹离风下制成岩棉丝,在吹离风处依靠虹吸效应将改性剂吸入高压吹离风管道,改性剂伴随着吹离风附着在岩棉丝上对其进行改性,在改性剂附着在岩棉丝的同时,酚醛树脂溶液从另一管道喷出,作用于岩棉丝上;同时吹离风带动岩棉丝离开离心机进入集棉室;
集棉室内的岩棉丝通过负压风将岩棉丝吸附到捕集带进行集棉,岩棉丝在捕集带上不断被收集,形成岩棉束;岩棉束通过传送带依次通过摆锤机、集棉带、打褶机、加压机、固化炉,经切割后得到保温板。
其中,酚醛树脂的固含量为10%,酚醛树脂的喷入量为保温板总重量的10%。
试验例
本试验例提供了实施例1-7制备得到的保温板的性能测试及测试结果,测试方法如下,测试结果见表1;
保温板的导热系数的测试方法:参见GB/T 10294-2008;
保温板的阻燃等级的测试方法:参见GB/T 25975-2018。
表1实施例1-7制备得到的保温板的性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002473659930000101
Figure BDA0002473659930000111
表1中,本发明制备得到的保温材料具有较低的保温系数,说明材料保温效果好;从实施例6和实施例7来看,当改性剂为复配的改性剂时,保温效果会更好。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

1.一种改性无机纤维丝,其特征在于,包括无机纤维丝和改性剂;
所述改性剂为石墨、二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性无机纤维丝,其特征在于,所述无机纤维丝为岩棉丝、陶瓷纤维或玻璃纤维。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的改性无机纤维丝,其特征在于,所述改性剂为质量比为(3-5):(9-11):(5-7)的石墨、二氧化硅气凝胶和石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的改性无机纤维丝,其特征在于,所述改性无机纤维丝中改性剂的质量百分数为0.1-10%。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的改性无机纤维丝,其特征在于,所述石墨的粒径不小于20μm;
所述二氧化硅气凝胶的孔径为50-70nm,孔隙率在99%以上;
所述石墨-二氧化硅气凝胶中石墨的含量为0.1-1.0wt%。
6.根据权利要求2所述的改性无机纤维丝,其特征在于,以岩棉丝100重量份数计,所述岩棉丝的原料包括33-35份玄武岩、8-12份矿渣、15-20份白云石和15-20份焦炭。
7.根据权利要求2所述的改性无机纤维丝,其特征在于,以陶瓷纤维100重量份数计,所述陶瓷纤维的原料包括45-55份二氧化硅、40-50份氧化铝、0.8-1份氧化铁、0.1-0.25份氧化钠和0.1-0.25份氧化钾。
8.根据权利要求2所述的改性无机纤维丝,其特征在于,以玻璃纤维100重量份数计,所述玻璃纤维的原料包括50-70份二氧化硅、5-15份氧化钠、5-15份三氧化二硼、0-5份氧化铝、0-10份氧化钾、0-10份氧化钡、0-10份过氧化锶、0-2份氧化锌、0-7份氧化钙和氧化镁的混合物;
其中,所述氧化铝、氧化钾、氧化钡、过氧化锶、氧化锌、氧化钙和氧化镁的份数不为0。
9.一种权利要求1-8任一项所述的改性无机纤维丝在制备保温材料中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,保温材料的制备方法包括以下步骤,
对岩棉丝进行改性,然后依次经集棉、传送、打褶、加压、固化后得到保温材料;或,
对玻璃纤维改性后进行短切,然后经粘结、加热、冷压处理后得到保温材料;或,
对陶瓷纤维丝进行改性,短切后将短纤维、粘结剂、分散剂加入溶剂中形成悬浮棉浆,经成型、挤压后形成纤维板湿坯,烘干、煅烧后得到保温材料。
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