CN111517694B - 一种改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种石墨改性岩棉制品及其制备方法，改性岩棉制品由岩棉丝和掺入岩棉丝的石墨组成，石墨为改性岩棉制品重量的0.1％～10％。一种制备过程为：石墨经氧化改性后与酚醛树脂混合形成均匀的分散液，在成纤过程中改性氧化石墨随酚醛树脂溶液均匀的分散于岩棉丝中，经集棉、传送、打褶、加压、固化后得到保温材料；另一种制备过程为：将石墨与酚醛树脂混合通过机械搅拌形成均匀的分散液，在成纤过程中石墨随酚醛树脂溶液均匀的分散于岩棉丝中，经集棉、传送、打褶、加压、固化后得到保温材料。本发明通过添加以酚醛树脂为载体的石墨，降低了外墙保温用岩棉制品的导热系数，提高了岩棉制品的保温效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料生产技术领域，涉及一种改性石墨改性岩棉制品及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着对建筑外墙保温工程防火要求的提高以及相关政策的出台，岩棉制品目前被大量应用在实际工程中。目前常用的保温材料主要分为无机保温材料和有机保温材料，有机保温材料导热系数低，保温性能好，但有机保温材料易燃烧，阻燃等级低，并且有机保温材料燃烧时释放烟雾量大、毒性大，使用安全性比较低。无机保温材料具有良好的阻燃性能，并且没有毒性。
由于岩棉制品具有较好的阻燃性能，因此经常被用作墙体外保温材料，现有的岩棉制品导热系数为0.04W/(m·K)，保温效果不好，难以满足建筑保温标准要求。现有建筑为达到建筑保温75％标准要求，必须增大保温层的厚度，增加施工难度和建筑成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种石墨改性岩棉制品，通过石墨酚醛树脂分散液将石墨添加到岩棉制品上，在不改变岩棉的原有制备工艺流程情况下，制备石墨改性岩棉制品，降低外墙保温用岩棉制品的导热系数，提高岩棉制品的保温效果。本发明的另一目的是提供一种改性石墨改性岩棉制品的制备方法，
本发明的技术方案是：改性石墨改性岩棉制品，由岩棉丝和掺入岩棉丝的改性石墨组成，改性石墨为改性岩棉制品重量的0.1％～10％。
改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品的导热系数为0.030～0.035W/(m·K)，阻燃等级为A级。改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品经切割机纵向切割成改性氧化石墨改性岩棉条。
本发明改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品的制备方法，改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品在现有生产线上将岩棉和改性氧化石墨同步复合而成。制备过程包括：
㈠制备改性氧化石墨
制备亲水性的氧化石墨，改性氧化石墨按重量百分比包括组分为：氧化石墨0.1％～0.5％、改性剂0.001％～0.02％、催化剂0.5％～15％和无水乙醇84％～99％；改性氧化石墨的制备步骤为：
①将氧化石墨和无水乙醇加入到搅拌罐中，以500～800转/分的转速搅拌2h，使氧化石墨均匀的分散于无水乙醇中，得到氧化石墨乙醇分散液；
②将改性剂和催化剂混合均匀后，加入到氧化石墨乙醇分散液中，以500～800转/分的转速继续搅拌30分钟；
③将步骤②的氧化石墨乙醇分散液在油浴下保持50～80℃，恒温冷凝回流4～10小时；然后将分散液反应体系真空抽滤，滤饼用蒸馏水清洗两遍，再用乙醇清洗3遍；将所得滤渣从滤纸上刮下，充分烘干后即为改性氧化石墨；
㈡制备改性氧化石墨酚醛树脂分散液
改性氧化石墨酚醛树脂分散液按重量百分比包括组分为：改性氧化石墨0.3％～1％、酚醛树脂99％～99.7％，酚醛树脂的固含为8％～12％；制备过程为：将改性氧化石墨和酚醛树脂加入到搅拌罐中，以500～800转/分的转速搅拌2h，使改性氧化石墨均匀分散于酚醛树脂中，制备出改性氧化石墨酚醛树脂分散液；
㈢改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品
步骤一、制备均匀分布石墨的岩棉丝：将玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭按重量比33～35：8～12：15～20：15～20的配比装入加热炉，经富氧燃烧高温熔化成岩浆；岩浆在四辊离心机高速旋转和高压吹离风下制成岩棉丝，改性氧化石墨酚醛树脂分散液均匀的喷在岩棉丝上，带分散液的岩棉丝在高压吹离风的作用下进入集棉室；石墨酚醛树脂分散液的喷入量为岩棉保温板总重量的8％～15％。并且酚醛树脂的固含为10％；
步骤二、制备岩棉束：集棉室内的岩棉丝通过负压风将岩棉丝吸附到捕集带进行集棉，捕集带收集岩棉丝，形成岩棉束，岩棉束通过一级传送带、二级传送带传送至摆锤机。
步骤三、制备改性岩棉制品：岩棉束通过摆锤机、集棉带、打褶机、加压机、固化炉和切割锯平台制备出改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品。
改性剂为硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH560或KH570。催化剂为36％的乙酸。
本发明在岩棉复合板中加入氧化石墨，利用石墨反射红外线和岩棉制品的多孔结构，避免红外线传出或延长红外线传出时间，降低岩棉制品的导热系数。经石墨改性后保温用岩棉制品的导热系数不大于0.035W/(m·K)，阻燃等级A级。
本发明改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品通过在岩棉丝中掺入的改性氧化石墨，制备的改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品导热系数低，保温效果好。本发明改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品制备方法，在不改变改变岩棉的原有制备工艺流程情况下，以酚醛树脂作为载体，将氧化石墨复合于岩棉制品上，具有方法简便，生产成本低，产品质量好的优点，有效降低了外墙保温用岩棉制品的导热系数，提高了岩棉制品的保温效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品的示意图；
其中：1—改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品、2—改性氧化石墨、3—岩棉丝。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本发明保护范围不限于实施例，本领域技术人员在权利要求限定的范围内做出任何改动也属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品的制备方法，在现有生产线上将岩棉丝和改性剂改性氧化石墨同步复合而成。制备过程为：
㈠制备改性氧化石墨
制备亲水性的改性氧化石墨，按重量百分比包括组分为：氧化石墨0.45％、改性剂(KH550)0.05％、催化剂乙酸(质量浓度36％)10％和无水乙醇无水乙醇89.5％，氧化石墨为市售的氧化石墨。改性氧化石墨的制备步骤为：
①将氧化石墨和无水乙醇加入到搅拌罐中，以700转/分的转速搅拌2h，使氧化石墨均匀的分散于无水乙醇中，得到氧化石墨乙醇分散液；
②将改性剂和催化剂混合均匀后，加入到氧化石墨乙醇分散液中，以600转/分的转速继续搅拌30分钟；
③将步骤②的氧化石墨乙醇分散液在油浴下保持60℃，恒温冷凝回流8小时；然后将分散液反应体系真空抽滤，滤饼用蒸馏水清洗两遍，再用乙醇清洗3遍；将所得滤渣从滤纸上刮下，烘干后得到的是改性氧化石墨。
㈡制备改性氧化石墨酚醛树脂分散液
改性氧化石墨酚醛树脂分散液按重量百分比包括组分为：改性氧化石墨0.5％、酚醛树脂99.5％，酚醛树脂的固含为8.2％；制备过程为：将改性氧化石墨和酚醛树脂加入到搅拌罐中，以650转/分的转速搅拌2h，使改性氧化石墨均匀分散于酚醛树脂中，制备出改性氧化石墨酚醛树脂分散液。
㈢制备改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品
步骤一、制备均匀分布石墨的岩棉丝：将原料玄武岩、矿渣、白云石和焦炭按照重量份34：10：16：19的配比装入加热炉，经富氧燃烧高温熔化成岩浆，炉温为1300℃～1550℃；岩浆在四辊离心机以3500～5500rpm高速旋转和高压吹离风下制成岩棉丝，改性氧化石墨酚醛树脂分散液均匀的喷在岩棉丝上，带分散液的岩棉丝在高压吹离风的作用下进入集棉室。石墨酚醛树脂分散液的喷入量为岩棉保温板总重量的10％。并且酚醛树脂的固含为10％。
步骤二、制备岩棉束：集棉室内的岩棉丝通过负压风将岩棉丝吸附到捕集带进行集棉，捕集带收集岩棉丝，形成岩棉束，岩棉束通过一级传送带、二级传送带传送至摆锤机。
步骤三、制备改性岩棉制品：岩棉束通过摆锤机、集棉带、打褶机、加压机、固化炉和切割锯平台制备出改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品。
如图1所示，改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品1由岩棉丝3制备而成，岩棉丝中含有改性氧化石墨2，其中改性氧化石墨的添加量为改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品重量的4％。对制备的改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品进行性能测试，测试结果件表1。作为对比，将现有技术生产的岩棉制品的性能测试结果一同列入表1。
表1.改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品测试结果
表1结果表明，本发明制备的改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品的导热系数降低到了0.030～0.035W/(m·K)，阻燃等级A级，有效降低了外墙保温用岩棉制品的导热系数，提高了岩棉制品的保温效果。
Claims (4)
1.一种改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品，其特征是：所述改性岩棉制品由岩棉丝和掺入岩棉丝的石墨组成，所述石墨为改性岩棉制品重量的0.1％～10％；所述石墨改性岩棉制品的制备方法是：所述石墨经氧化、改性后与酚醛树脂混合形成均匀的改性石墨酚醛树脂分散液，在成纤过程中改性石墨酚醛树脂分散液均匀的分散于岩棉丝中，经集棉、传送、打褶、加压、固化后得到保温材料；所述改性石墨酚醛树脂分散液的制备步骤包括：
㈠制备改性氧化石墨
制备亲水性的改性氧化石墨，所述改性氧化石墨按重量百分比包括组分为：氧化石墨0.1％～0.5％、改性剂0.001％～0.02％、催化剂0.5％～15％和无水乙醇84％～99％；改性氧化石墨的制备步骤为：
①将氧化石墨和无水乙醇加入到搅拌罐中搅拌，使氧化石墨均匀的分散于无水乙醇中，制成氧化石墨乙醇分散液；
②将改性剂和催化剂混合均匀后，加入到氧化石墨乙醇分散液当中，搅拌30分钟；
③将步骤②的氧化石墨乙醇分散液在油浴下保持50～80℃，恒温冷凝回流4～10小时；然后将分散液反应体系真空抽滤、清洗，将所得滤渣从滤纸上刮下，充分烘干后即为改性氧化石墨；
㈡制备改性氧化石墨酚醛树脂分散液：
改性氧化石墨酚醛树脂分散液按重量百分比包括组分为：改性氧化石墨0.3％～1％、酚醛树脂99％～99.7％，所述酚醛树脂的固含为8％～12％；制备过程为：将改性氧化石墨和酚醛树脂加入到搅拌罐中搅拌2h，使改性氧化石墨均匀分散于酚醛树脂中，制备出改性氧化石墨酚醛树脂分散液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品，其特征是：所述岩棉丝的原料按100重量份数计，包括33-35份玄武岩、8-12份矿渣、15-20份白云石和15-20份焦炭。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品，其特征是：所述改性岩棉制品包含岩棉制品、岩棉条及以岩棉制品或岩棉条为芯材制备的复合制品。
4.根据权利要求1所述的改性氧化石墨改性岩棉制品，其特征是：所述改性剂为硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH560或KH570；所述催化剂为36％的乙酸。
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