CN113529754A - Granular-body slope ecological slope protection structure and construction method - Google Patents
Granular-body slope ecological slope protection structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113529754A CN113529754A CN202110795970.5A CN202110795970A CN113529754A CN 113529754 A CN113529754 A CN 113529754A CN 202110795970 A CN202110795970 A CN 202110795970A CN 113529754 A CN113529754 A CN 113529754A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/207—Securing of slopes or inclines with means incorporating sheet piles or piles
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological slope protection structure of a granular material side slope and a construction method, wherein the ecological slope protection structure comprises a planting soil layer arranged on the granular material slope surface, an isolation layer is arranged between the planting soil layer and the granular material slope surface, a plurality of water diversion piles are inserted into the granular material slope surface, the isolation layer and the planting soil layer, and a water diversion sheet used for communicating each water diversion pile is arranged on the surface of the planting soil layer; the invention can create a good growing environment for the granular body side slope, and restore the vegetation ecosystem of the slope surface while protecting the slope and controlling the soil erosion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological slope protection and ecological restoration, in particular to a granular-body side slope ecological slope protection structure and a construction method.
Background
The granular material as one special rock material is used widely in mine tailing warehouse, coal gangue yard, quarry and various slag disposal fields. The sand-dispersing sand. The bulk granules are often huge in volume, form a large-area side slope and are stacked by taking a natural repose angle as a slope angle. Because of poor cementation and integrity, the soil conditioner is easy to deform and destabilize locally when encountering earthquake or being trampled by people and livestock, and because of lack of fine-particle soil particles, naturally settled dust is easy to be leached and lost by rainwater, and the slope surface formed by the particles cannot recover vegetation naturally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a granular particle side slope ecological slope protection structure and a construction method, which can create a good growth environment for the granular particle side slope and restore a slope vegetation ecological system while protecting the slope and controlling soil erosion.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the ecological slope protection structure comprises a planting soil layer arranged on a granular material slope surface, an isolation layer is arranged between the planting soil layer and the granular material slope surface, a plurality of water diversion piles are inserted into the granular material slope surface, the isolation layer and the planting soil layer, and water diversion sheets used for communicating the water diversion piles are arranged on the surface of the planting soil layer.
Further, the planting soil layer comprises a base layer without seeds and a surface layer with seeds.
Preferably, the components in the base layer are respectively as follows according to parts by volume: 90-95 parts of loam, 5-10 parts of grass fiber, 0.08-0.1 part of water-retaining agent and 0.6-0.8 part of compound fertilizer; the components in the surface layer are respectively as follows according to parts by volume: 91-94 parts of loam, 6-9 parts of grass fiber, 0.08-0.1 part of water-retaining agent, 0.4-0.6 part of compound fertilizer, and 310 g/m of plant seeds3(ii) a The grass fiber is processed from straw or wheat straw, and has a length of 0.5-2 cm.
Preferably, the components in the base layer are respectively as follows according to volume percentage: 0.08 to 0.12 percent of water-retaining agent, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of compound fertilizer and the balance of loam; the surface layer comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 0.08 to 0.1 percent of water-retaining agent, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of compound fertilizer and the balance of loam, wherein the plant seeds are 280 plus 300g/m3。
Preferably, the components in the isolation layer are respectively as follows according to parts by volume: 8-10 parts of grass fiber, 60-80 parts of clay and 10-15 parts of cement, wherein the length of the grass fiber is 2-4 cm.
Preferably, the components in the isolation layer are respectively as follows according to parts by volume: 10-20 parts of grass fiber and 80-90 parts of clay, wherein the length of the grass fiber is 2-4 cm.
Furthermore, the diversion pile is a cylindrical structure made of bamboo piles, the diversion pieces are arc-shaped bamboo piece structures, the diversion pieces are inserted into through holes in the side portions of the diversion pile, and the diversion piles and the diversion pieces are combined to form a net-shaped structure.
Furthermore, a grid-shaped fence or a grass cage or a geocell or a three-dimensional net is also embedded in the planting soil layer to fix the soil and prevent the soil from sliding down and landslide.
Furthermore, a straw curtain or a straw blanket is arranged between the isolation layer and the granular body slope surface, and the straw curtain or the straw blanket is woven by straw or wheat straw.
In addition, the invention also discloses a construction method of the granular ecological slope protection structure of the granular slope, which comprises the following steps:
step 1): shaping the original stack slope surface, and clearing the slope and backfilling and finishing by adopting a mechanical and manual method; carrying out graded slope releasing on a high and large side slope, and reserving a slope top road and a multi-grade road;
step 2): while laying a grass curtain or a grass blanket on the granular body slope surface, drilling holes and installing water diversion piles, inserting the water diversion piles into the granular body slope surface at certain intervals, and fixing the grass curtain or the grass blanket by the water diversion piles;
step 3): dumping the mixed material of the isolation layer downwards on a slope top road or a street by using a rear dump type automobile, and leveling by using machinery or manpower to form the isolation layer;
step 4): forming a grid-shaped fence by binding the water diversion piles through binding wires, or paving a plurality of grass cages or a geocell or a three-dimensional net on the slope surface of the granular body close to the slope surface; fixing the grass cage or the geocell or the three-dimensional net by using bamboo piles or short anchor rods;
step 5): preparing and mixing materials of a planting soil layer according to a ratio, paving the materials on the granular body slope, paving a base layer firstly, and then paving a surface layer;
step 6): interconnecting the diversion sheet and the diversion pile;
step 7): covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the surface layer, lifting the non-woven fabric after the grass seeds germinate, and regularly sprinkling water for maintenance in sunny days to finish construction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) a straw curtain or a straw blanket is laid between the granular loose slope and the isolation layer, so that the clay can be reduced from being washed away from gaps of the granular loose, and the planting layer can be favorable for keeping water and soil; thereby reducing the cost, leading the bulk particle yard to carry out sustainable ecological restoration and establishing a stable slope ecosystem.
(2) When the isolating layer is made of cement, the cement has better cohesiveness and is covered on the slope surface after being mixed with clay, so that the cement is more stable, the integrity and the erosion resistance of the isolating layer can be improved by mixing the cement with grass fibers, and a good isolating effect can be achieved in the early stage; in the later stage, under the leaching action and the action of acid substances secreted by the plant root system, the alkalinity of the isolation layer can be reduced, the soil structure and the acidity and alkalinity can be gradually improved along with the continuous combined action of soil microorganisms and the root system, and the plant root system can also be inserted into the isolation layer and even can grow into granular materials; at the moment, plant roots are densely distributed in the planting soil layer and the isolation layer, the integrity is good, and the flexible large blanket is formed together with the plants to cover the granular body slope, so that the capability of resisting damage such as vibration and the like of the granular body slope is improved; when the isolating layer does not use cement, the root system of the plant can grow into the soil quickly to realize quick greening of the slope surface, and the formula of the isolating layer is suitable for places with less rainfall.
(3) The use of the diversion pile can play a role in fixing and can introduce the water flow on the slope into the bulk on the spot, and the diversion sheet is matched with the diversion pile in a diversion way, so that the generation of concentrated water flow on the slope can be prevented from generating grooving erosion on the slope soil. The design makes full use of the characteristics of the granular slope that the granular slope is stable and has great permeability to facilitate drainage, and can greatly reduce the water and soil conservation cost of the slope.
(4) The grid-shaped fence, the grass cage, the geocell and the three-dimensional net can effectively prevent soil from sliding down, so that the purpose of soil stabilization is achieved, and landslide is effectively prevented.
(5) The present invention may provide a variety of solutions to address different climates and slope conditions. Most of the used materials are ecological materials, so that good conditions can be provided for plant growth, and the effects of water and soil conservation, ecological restoration and slope protection stabilization are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an ecological slope protection structure of a granular slope when a grid fence is adopted;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of an ecological slope protection structure of a granular body side slope when a grass cage is adopted;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of an ecological slope protection structure of a scattered particle slope during a soil-working grid;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an ecological slope protection structure of a granular slope when a three-dimensional net is adopted;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a drainage pile and drainage plate seepage and drainage structure;
FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of a drainage pile and drainage sheet drainage structure;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the relationship between the grid fence and the water guiding piles as seen from the perspective of a in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, an ecological slope protection structure for granular material side slopes comprises a planting soil layer 2 disposed on a granular material slope surface 1, an isolation layer 3 is disposed between the planting soil layer 2 and the granular material slope surface 1, a plurality of water guide piles 4 are inserted into the granular material slope surface 1, the isolation layer 3 and the planting soil layer 2, and a drainage sheet 5 for communicating the water guide piles 4 is disposed on the surface of the planting soil layer 2.
Further, the planting soil layer 2 comprises a base layer 2.1 without seeds and a surface layer 2.2 with seeds.
Preferably, the base layer 2.1 comprises the following components in parts by volume: 90-95 parts of loam, 5-10 parts of grass fiber, 0.08-0.1 part of water-retaining agent and 0.6-0.8 part of compound fertilizer; the components in the surface layer 2.2 are respectively as follows according to parts by volume: 91-94 parts of loam, 6-9 parts of grass fiber, 0.08-0.1 part of water-retaining agent, 0.4-0.6 part of compound fertilizer, and 310 g/m of plant seeds3(ii) a The grass fiber is processed from straw or wheat straw, and has a length of 0.5-2 cm.
Preferably, the components in the base layer 2.1 are respectively as follows according to volume percentage: 0.08 to 0.12 percent of water-retaining agent, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of compound fertilizer and the balance of loam; the surface layer 2.2 comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 0.08 to 0.1 percent of water-retaining agent, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of compound fertilizer and the balance of loam, wherein the plant seeds are 280 plus 300g/m3。
Preferably, the isolating layer 3 comprises the following components in parts by volume: 8-10 parts of grass fiber, 60-80 parts of clay and 10-15 parts of cement, wherein the length of the grass fiber is 2-4 cm.
Preferably, the isolating layer 3 comprises the following components in parts by volume: 10-20 parts of grass fiber and 80-90 parts of clay, wherein the length of the grass fiber is 2-4 cm.
Furthermore, the water diversion pile 4 is a cylindrical structure made of bamboo piles, the drainage pieces 5 are arc-shaped bamboo piece structures, the drainage pieces 5 are inserted into through holes 4.1 in the side portions of the water diversion pile 4, and the water diversion piles 4 and the drainage pieces 5 are combined to form a net-shaped structure. In this embodiment, the size of the bamboo pile selected by the water diversion pile 4 is as follows: the outer diameter is 8-12cm, the inner diameter is 6-10cm, and the height is 50-80 cm; the drainage sheet 5 is a bamboo sheet which is used for intercepting water and is divided into two parts by a bamboo with the diameter of 8-12 cm; in addition, the bamboo piles and the bamboo chips are all removed from the transverse partitions in advance, and through holes 4.1 are drilled at the joints of the bamboo piles and the bamboo chips, so that water flows into the bamboo piles through the bamboo chips.
Furthermore, a grid-shaped fence 6 or a grass cage 7 or a geocell 8 or a three-dimensional net 9 is also embedded in the planting soil layer 2 to fix soil and prevent soil from sliding down and landslide. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 7, a plurality of horizontal cross bars are bound by binding wires, and the horizontal cross bars and the vertical branches form a grid-shaped fence 6; as shown in fig. 2, grass cages 7 are embedded in the planting soil layer 2, and a plurality of grass cages 7 are closely paved on the granular slope 1; as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a geocell 8 or a three-dimensional net 9 is embedded in the planting soil layer; as shown in fig. 3, when the geocell 8 is adopted, the thickness of the planting soil layer 2 is equal to the depth of the geocell 8; when the three-dimensional net 9 is used, the three-dimensional net 9 is buried in the planting soil layer 2, as shown in fig. 4.
Furthermore, a straw curtain or a straw blanket is arranged between the isolation layer 3 and the granular slope surface 1, and the straw curtain or the straw blanket is woven by straw or wheat straw.
In addition, the invention also discloses a construction method of the granular ecological slope protection structure of the granular slope, which comprises the following steps:
step 1): shaping the original stack slope surface, and clearing the slope and backfilling and finishing by adopting a mechanical and manual method; carrying out graded slope releasing on a high and large side slope, and reserving a slope top road and a multi-grade road;
step 2): while paving a grass curtain or a grass blanket on the granular body slope surface 1, drilling holes and installing water diversion piles 4, inserting the water diversion piles 4 into the granular body slope surface 1 at certain intervals, and fixing the grass curtain or the grass blanket by the water diversion piles 4;
step 3): dumping the mixed material of the isolation layer 3 downwards on a slope top road or a street by using a rear dump type automobile, and leveling by using machinery or manpower to form the isolation layer 3;
step 4): forming a grid-shaped fence 6 among the diversion piles 4 through binding wires, or paving a plurality of grass cages 7, geotechnical grids 8 or three-dimensional nets 9 on the scattered particle slope 1 close to the slope; the grass cage 7 or the geocell 8 or the three-dimensional net 9 is fixed by bamboo piles or short anchor rods;
step 5): preparing and mixing materials of a planting soil layer 2 according to a ratio, paving the materials on a granular slope 1, paving a base layer 2.1, and paving a surface layer 2.2;
step 6): interconnecting the diversion sheet 5 and the diversion pile 4;
step 7): covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the surface layer 2.2, lifting the non-woven fabric after the grass seeds germinate, and regularly sprinkling water for maintenance in sunny days to finish construction.
Three specific examples are specifically illustrated below;
example 1
The slope of the crushed stone yard in a certain place in the south is 32 degrees, and the grid-shaped fence structure is supposed to be adopted for ecological slope protection.
A straw curtain is arranged between the isolation layer and the granular-material slope surface, and the straw curtain is made of straw.
The material composition of the isolation layer is as follows (volume ratio): mixing 8% of grass fiber, 80% of clay and 12% of cement; the length of the grass fiber is 2-4cm, and the thickness of the isolation layer is 3 cm.
A plurality of horizontal cross rods are bound on the water diversion piles on the same layered surface through binding wires, and the horizontal cross rods and the vertical branches form a grid-shaped fence; the horizontal cross rod is made of bamboo chips with the length of 1-2m and the width of 4-8cm, and the vertical branches are made of poplar and willow live branches.
The water diversion pile adopts a bamboo tube with the outer diameter of 8cm, the inner diameter of 6cm and the height of 50 cm.
The drainage sheet is a bamboo sheet obtained by vertically dividing a bamboo with the diameter of 8cm into two parts.
The base layer comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 90% of loam, 10% of grass fiber, 0.08% of water-retaining agent, 0.6% of compound fertilizer and a surface layer formula (volume ratio): 91% of loam, 9% of grass fiber, 0.08% of water-retaining agent, 0.4% of compound fertilizer and 290g/m of plant seeds3(ii) a The thickness of the base layer is 7cm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 1 cm; the grass fiber is processed from straw or wheat straw, and has a length of 0.5-2 cm.
The test slope adopts the following construction steps to carry out vegetation restoration and ecological slope protection on the storage yard.
(1) Shaping the original stack slope surface, and clearing the slope and backfilling and finishing by adopting a mechanical and manual method; carrying out graded slope releasing on a high and large side slope, and reserving a slope top road and a multi-grade road;
(2) while paving a grass curtain or a grass blanket on the granular body slope surface, drilling and installing a diversion pile, wherein the depth of the diversion pile inserted into the granular body slope surface is 8cm, the horizontal distance of the diversion pile is 1m, the layering height is 1m, and the diversion pile is used for fixing the grass curtain or the grass blanket;
(3) pouring the mixed isolation layer material downwards on a slope top road or a street by using a rear dump type automobile, and leveling by using machinery or manpower;
(4) binding grid-shaped fences among the water diversion piles through binding wires;
(5) and (3) pouring the mixed planting soil layer materials downwards on a slope top road or a carriageway, constructing a base layer, constructing a surface layer, and manually or mechanically flattening to enable the planting soil layer to uniformly cover the slope surface between the grid-shaped fence fences.
(6) Fixing one end of the drainage sheet by using a binding wire, and inserting the other end of the drainage sheet into a water diversion pile with a through hole;
(7) covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the surface layer, lifting the non-woven fabric after the grass seeds germinate, and regularly sprinkling water for maintenance in sunny days to finish construction.
Example 2
The slope of the gravel yard in the certain northern area has a gradient of 34 degrees, and the grass cage structure is supposed to be adopted for ecological slope protection.
The material composition of the isolation layer is as follows (volume ratio): grass fibre (10%), clay (90%); the length of the grass fiber is 2-4cm, and the thickness of the isolation layer is 5 cm.
In the grass cage, a group core clamps the middle parts of a plurality of group spines, the two ends of the group spines extend towards each direction to form a fluffy cylindrical grass cage, the group core is made of straw ropes, and the group spines are made of dry straw stalks and have the length of 12 cm.
The group core is bound on the fixing net by binding wires; the fixing net is made of No. 10 galvanized diamond wire netting, the mesh openings are 6cm, and tying wires are used for binding the water diversion piles, so that the wire netting is 7cm away from the granular body slope.
The base layer comprises loam, grass fiber, compound fertilizer and water-retaining agent, and the formula comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 95% of loam, 5% of grass fiber, 0.09% of water-retaining agent and 0.7% of compound fertilizer; the surface layer 5 comprises loam, grass fiber, compound fertilizer, water-retaining agent and plant seeds, and the formula comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 94 percent of loam, 6 percent of grass fiber, 0.09 percent of water-retaining agent, 0.8 percent of compound fertilizer and 310 g/m of plant seeds3(ii) a The thickness of the base layer is 10cm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 2 cm; the grass fiber is processed by straw and has a length of 0.5-2 cm.
The water diversion pile adopts a bamboo tube with the outer diameter of 10cm, the inner diameter of 8cm and the height of 60 cm.
The drainage sheet is a bamboo sheet obtained by vertically dividing a bamboo with the diameter of 10cm into two parts.
The test slope adopts the following construction steps to carry out vegetation restoration and ecological slope protection on the storage yard.
(1) Shaping the original stack slope surface, and clearing the slope and backfilling and finishing by adopting a mechanical and manual method; carrying out graded slope releasing on a high and large side slope, and reserving a slope top road and a multi-grade road;
(2) pouring the mixed isolation layer material downwards on a slope top road or a street by using a rear dump type automobile, and leveling by using machinery or manpower;
(3) while laying a fixed net on the isolation layer, drilling and installing a water diversion pile, wherein the depth of the water diversion pile inserted into the granular slope is 7cm, the horizontal spacing of the water diversion pile is 1.2m, the layering height is 1.2m, and the fixed net is fixed by the water diversion pile;
(4) a plurality of grass cages are laid on the slope surface of the granular material, and are fixed through a fixing net;
(5) preparing and mixing planting soil layer materials according to a ratio, spraying a base material onto the granular slope by using a wet spraying machine, spraying a base layer firstly, and then spraying a surface layer;
(6) fixing one end of the drainage sheet by using a binding wire, and inserting the other end of the drainage sheet into a water diversion pile with a through hole;
(7) covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the surface layer, lifting the non-woven fabric after the grass seeds germinate, and regularly sprinkling water for maintenance in sunny days to finish construction.
Example 3
The slope ratio of the coal gangue yard side slope in a certain place in south is 1:1.5, and the geocell structure is supposed to be adopted for ecological slope protection.
A grass blanket is arranged between the isolation layer and the granular slope surface, and the material of the grass blanket is woven by straws.
The material composition of the isolation layer is as follows (volume ratio): mixing grass fiber (10%), clay (80%) and cement (10%); the length of the grass fiber is 2-4cm, and the thickness of the isolation layer is 4 cm.
The planting soil layer is embedded with the geocell, and the thickness of the planting soil layer is equal to the depth of the geocell.
The geocell model is TGLG-PE-100-450.
The base layer comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 93 percent of loam, 7 percent of grass fiber, 0.1 percent of water-retaining agent and 0.8 percent of compound fertilizer; the formula of the surface layer is as follows (volume ratio): 94 percent of loam, 6 percent of grass fiber, 0.09 percent of water-retaining agent, 0.6 percent of compound fertilizer and 300g/m of plant seeds3(ii) a The thickness of the base layer is 9cm, and the thickness of the surface layer is 1 cm; the grass fiber is processed from straw or wheat straw, and has a length of 0.5-2 cm.
The size of the diversion pile is as follows: a bamboo tube with outer diameter of 12cm, inner diameter of 10cm and height of 80 cm.
The drainage sheet is a bamboo sheet obtained by vertically dividing a bamboo with the diameter of 12cm into two parts.
The test slope adopts the following construction steps to carry out vegetation recovery and ecological protection on the storage yard.
(1) Shaping the original stack slope surface, and clearing the slope and backfilling and finishing by adopting a mechanical and manual method; carrying out graded slope releasing on a high and large side slope, and reserving a slope top road and a multi-grade road;
(2) while paving a grass curtain or a grass blanket on the granular body slope surface, drilling and installing a diversion pile, wherein the depth of the diversion pile inserted into the granular body slope surface is 5cm, the horizontal distance is 1.5m, the layering height is 1.5m, and the diversion pile is used for fixing the grass curtain or the grass blanket;
(3) dumping the mixed isolation layer material downwards by a rear dump type automobile on a slope top road or a carriageway, and leveling by machinery or manpower
(4) Laying geocell on the isolation layer, and fixing the pulled geocell by water diversion pile and short anchor rod;
(5) preparing and mixing planting soil layer materials according to a ratio, spraying a planting soil layer into the geocell by adopting a wet-spraying alien soil spraying method, spraying a base layer, and then spraying a surface layer to enable the thickness of the planting soil layer to be equal to the depth of the geocell;
(6) fixing one end of the drainage sheet by using a binding wire, and inserting the other end of the drainage sheet into a water diversion pile with a through hole;
(7) covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the surface layer, lifting the non-woven fabric after the grass seeds germinate, and regularly sprinkling water for maintenance in sunny days to finish construction.
Example 4
The slope ratio of the coal gangue storage yard slope in the certain northern area is 1:1.45, and the three-dimensional net structure is supposed to be adopted for ecological slope protection.
The material composition of the isolation layer is as follows (volume ratio): grass fibre (20%), clay (80%); the length of the grass fiber is 2-4cm, and the thickness of the isolation layer is 5 cm.
The planting soil layer is embedded with a three-dimensional net and is fixed by a water diversion pile.
The base layer comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 0.08 percent of water-retaining agent, 0.9 percent of compound fertilizer and the balance of loam; the surface layer comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 0.08 percent of water-retaining agent, 0.5 percent of compound fertilizer and the balance of loam, wherein the plant seeds are 280 g/m3。
The size of the diversion pile is as follows: a bamboo tube with outer diameter of 10cm, inner diameter of 8cm and height of 70 cm.
The drainage sheet is bamboo sheet with diameter of 10cm and obtained by dividing bamboo into two parts.
The test slope adopts the following construction steps to carry out vegetation recovery and ecological protection on the storage yard.
(1) Shaping the original stack slope surface, and clearing the slope and backfilling and finishing by adopting a mechanical and manual method; carrying out graded slope releasing on a high and large side slope, and reserving a slope top road and a multi-grade road;
(2) while paving a grass curtain or a grass blanket on the granular body slope surface, drilling and installing a diversion pile, wherein the depth of the diversion pile inserted into the granular body slope surface is 4cm, the horizontal spacing of the diversion pile is 1.5m, the layering height is 1.5m, and the diversion pile is used for fixing the grass curtain or the grass blanket;
(3) pouring the mixed isolation layer material downwards on a slope top road or a street by using a rear dump type automobile, and leveling by using machinery or manpower;
(4) laying a three-dimensional net on the isolation layer, and fixing the three-dimensional net by using a water diversion pile;
(5) preparing and mixing planting soil layer materials according to a ratio, spraying a base material by adopting a wet spraying process, and respectively constructing a base layer and a surface layer;
(6) fixing one end of the drainage sheet by using a binding wire, and inserting the other end of the drainage sheet into a water diversion pile with a through hole;
(7) covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the surface layer, lifting the non-woven fabric after the grass seeds germinate, and regularly sprinkling water for maintenance in sunny days to finish construction.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and features in the embodiments and examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an ecological slope protection structure of granular material side slope, is including locating planting soil layer (2) on the granular material domatic (1), its characterized in that: an isolation layer (3) is arranged between the planting soil layer (2) and the granular slope surface (1), a plurality of water diversion piles (4) are inserted into the granular slope surface (1), the isolation layer (3) and the planting soil layer (2), and a water diversion sheet (5) used for communicating the water diversion piles (4) is arranged on the surface of the planting soil layer (2).
2. The ecological slope protection structure of particulate slope of claim 1, characterized in that: the planting soil layer (2) comprises a base layer (2.1) without seeds and a surface layer (2.2) with seeds.
3. The ecological slope protection structure of particulate slope of claim 2, characterized in that: the base layer (2.1) comprises the following components in parts by volume: 90-95 parts of loam, 5-10 parts of grass fiber, 0.08-0.1 part of water-retaining agent and 0.6-0.8 part of compound fertilizer; the surface layer (2.2) comprises the following components in parts by volume: 91-94 parts of loam, 6-9 parts of grass fiber, 0.08-0.1 part of water-retaining agent, 0.4-0.6 part of compound fertilizer, and 310 g/m of plant seeds3(ii) a The grass fiber is processed from straw or wheat straw, and has a length of 0.5-2 cm.
4. The ecological slope protection structure of particulate slope of claim 2, characterized in that: the base layer (2.1) comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 0.08 to 0.12 percent of water-retaining agent, 0.7 to 0.9 percent of compound fertilizer and the balance of loam; the surface layer (2.2) comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 0.08 to 0.1 percent of water-retaining agent, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of compound fertilizer and the balance of loam, wherein the plant seeds are 280 plus 300g/m3。
5. The ecological slope protection structure of particulate slope of claim 2, characterized in that: the isolating layer (3) comprises the following components in parts by volume: 8-10 parts of grass fiber, 60-80 parts of clay and 10-15 parts of cement, wherein the length of the grass fiber is 2-4 cm.
6. The ecological slope protection structure of particulate slope of claim 2, characterized in that: the isolating layer (3) comprises the following components in parts by volume: 10-20 parts of grass fiber and 80-90 parts of clay, wherein the length of the grass fiber is 2-4 cm.
7. The ecological slope protection structure of particulate slope of claim 1, characterized in that: the water diversion piles (4) are of cylindrical structures made of bamboo piles, the water diversion sheets (5) are of arc-shaped bamboo sheet structures, the water diversion sheets (5) are inserted into through holes (4.1) in the side portions of the water diversion piles (4), and the water diversion piles (4) and the water diversion sheets (5) are combined to form a net-shaped structure.
8. The ecological slope protection structure of particulate slope of claim 1, characterized in that: a grid-shaped fence (6) or a grass cage (7) or a geocell (8) or a three-dimensional net (9) is also embedded in the planting soil layer (2) to fix soil and prevent soil from sliding down and landslide.
9. The ecological slope protection structure of particulate slope of claim 1, characterized in that: a straw curtain or a straw blanket is arranged between the isolation layer (3) and the granular slope surface (1), and the straw curtain or the straw blanket is woven by straw or wheat straw.
10. A construction method of the ecological slope protection structure of the granular slope of any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized in that: it comprises the following steps:
step 1): shaping the original stack slope surface, and clearing the slope and backfilling and finishing by adopting a mechanical and manual method; carrying out graded slope releasing on a high and large side slope, and reserving a slope top road and a multi-grade road;
step 2): while paving a grass curtain or a grass blanket on the granular body slope surface (1), drilling holes and installing water diversion piles (4), inserting the water diversion piles (4) into the granular body slope surface (1) at certain intervals, and fixing the grass curtain or the grass blanket by the water diversion piles (4);
step 3): pouring the mixed material of the isolating layer (3) downwards on a slope top road or a road by using a rear dump type automobile, and leveling by using machinery or manpower to form the isolating layer (3);
step 4): forming a grid-shaped fence (6) among the diversion piles (4) through binding wires, or paving a plurality of grass cages (7) or a geocell (8) or a three-dimensional net (9) on the granular slope (1) close to the slope; the grass cage (7) or the geocell (8) or the three-dimensional net (9) is fixed by bamboo piles or short anchor rods;
step 5): preparing and mixing materials of a planting soil layer (2) according to a ratio, paving the materials on a granular slope (1), paving a base layer (2.1) firstly, and then paving a surface layer (2.2);
step 6): interconnecting the diversion sheet (5) and the diversion pile (4);
step 7): covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the surface layer (2.2), lifting the non-woven fabric after the grass seeds germinate, and regularly sprinkling water for maintenance in sunny days to finish construction.
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