CN117044592A - Method for improving tunnel waste slag into spray-seeding planting matrix based on geopolymer - Google Patents
Method for improving tunnel waste slag into spray-seeding planting matrix based on geopolymer Download PDFInfo
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- CN117044592A CN117044592A CN202310976541.7A CN202310976541A CN117044592A CN 117044592 A CN117044592 A CN 117044592A CN 202310976541 A CN202310976541 A CN 202310976541A CN 117044592 A CN117044592 A CN 117044592A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 241000209219 Hordeum Species 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving tunnel waste slag into a spray seeding planting matrix based on geopolymer, which relates to the technical field of ecological greening of side slopes and comprises the following steps: manufacturing a base layer, wherein the base layer comprises 40-50 parts of tunnel waste residue A, 50-60 parts of geopolymer, 20-30 parts of highland barley straw, 5-10 parts of cow dung, 10-30 parts of chemical fertilizer and 80-100 parts of water; the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a plant growth layer, wherein the plant growth layer comprises 10-20 parts of tunnel waste residue B, 50-60 parts of planting soil, 30-40 parts of straw fiber, 2-3 parts of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of adhesive, 10-20 parts of fertilizer, 80-100 parts of water and mixed plant seeds. According to the invention, the geopolymer is adopted to replace cement and other alkaline adhesives, so that the alkalinity of the spray-seeding matrix is effectively reduced, vegetation growth and recovery are facilitated, scientific disposal and resource utilization of waste residues in high-altitude areas are facilitated, the ecological restoration cost is reduced, and the greening effect is improved; the method conforms to the development trend of waste reclamation, scale and factory treatment, and the related matrix keeps the relative stability of the soil aggregate structure, is beneficial to vegetation growth and improves vegetation survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological greening of side slopes, in particular to a method for improving tunnel waste slag into a spray seeding planting matrix based on geopolymer.
Background
The slope greening spray-seeding matrix is a key technical link for ecological slope protection. In the Sichuan and Tibetan area, the transportation of planting base materials is extremely difficult, and the environmental pollution caused by waste slag and dust in a waste slag field formed by local engineering construction is serious. Under the difficult regional conditions of artificial planting vegetation such as abrupt slope, cutting and slag surface, the tunnel waste slag is utilized to be improved into a spray-seeding planting base material, and ecological restoration is carried out through spray seeding, so that not only can raise dust be effectively inhibited, but also the soil can be mixed with stripped surface soil, the aggregate structure of the soil is improved, an excellent growth environment is provided for screened rural plant seeds, and water and soil loss is reduced.
The waste slag field in the high altitude area of China has the characteristics of insolation in summer and high and cold in winter. Meanwhile, the ecological restoration material in the high-altitude area is extremely inconvenient to transport. The strength of the spray-seeding greening matrix is reduced under the influence of weather, so that frequent rain wash cannot be resisted, water and soil loss is caused, and the greening effect is reduced. In the past, in order to increase the cohesive force of the spray-seeding matrix, the matrix is often added with alkaline adhesives such as cement, and the like, so that vegetation is extremely easy to burn and death, and the sustainability of ecological restoration effect is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide a method for improving tunnel waste slag based on geopolymer into a spray-seeding planting matrix, which can alleviate the above problems.
In order to alleviate the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for improving tunnel waste slag into a spray-seeding planting matrix based on a geopolymer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, treating a slope, including leveling, removing sundries and roughness treatment;
s2, mixing 40-50 parts of tunnel waste residue A, 50-60 parts of geopolymer, 20-30 parts of highland barley straw, 5-10 parts of cow dung and 10-30 parts of fertilizer together, adding 80-100 parts of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a base material;
s3, uniformly spraying the obtained base material on the slope surface treated in the step S1 to form a base layer, wherein the thickness of the base layer is 10-12 cm;
s4, mixing 10-20 parts of tunnel waste residue B, 50-60 parts of planting soil, 30-40 parts of straw fiber, 2-3 parts of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of adhesive, 10-20 parts of fertilizer and mixed plant seeds together, and adding 80-100 parts of water to mix uniformly to obtain a plant layer material;
s5, uniformly spraying the plant-growing layer material on the base layer formed in the step S3 to form a plant-growing layer, wherein the thickness of the plant-growing layer is 4-6 cm
S6, covering and fixing the plant-growing layer by using greening non-woven fabrics, preventing seeds from being exposed to the sun and losing water, avoiding the seeds from being washed away and lost by runoff, reducing the amount of produced water and sand on the surface of the side slope, and then carrying out maintenance management for 3 months.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the geopolymer comprises worksite waste dust and fly ash.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel waste a and the tunnel waste B are both from tunnel waste, and are one or a combination of more of fine powder, medium fine powder and gravel.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizer is one or a combination of more of a compound fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the highland barley straw is crushed and has a length of 0.5-2.5 cm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the straw fiber is one or a combination of more of highland barley straw fiber, wheat straw fiber, coconut fiber, wood fiber, etc., and the fiber filament is 50-60 mm in length.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water-retaining agent is a straw-based water-retaining agent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the binder is a polyethylene glycol binder.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixed plant seed is 45 parts by weight, including 15 parts of arbor seed, 20 parts of shrub seed and 10 parts of herb seed, or including 35 parts of shrub seed and 10 parts of herb seed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tunnel waste slag a is subjected to screening treatment, and the particle diameter is smaller than 2mm; the tunnel waste slag B is subjected to screening treatment, and the particle diameter is smaller than 0.5mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention creatively proposes that the geopolymer is adopted to replace alkaline adhesives such as cement and the like, so that the alkalinity of the spray-seeding matrix is effectively reduced, and vegetation growth and recovery are facilitated; the impact resistance and cohesiveness of the matrix can be improved by reasonably configuring engineering waste slag, construction site waste dust and fly ash, scientific disposal and resource utilization of waste slag in high-altitude areas are facilitated, meanwhile, ecological restoration cost is reduced, and greening effect is improved; the tunnel waste residue, highland barley straw and cow dung provided by the invention are prepared into good planting base materials by the invention, so that the purpose of recycling waste residue and providing sufficient nutrition for vegetation growth is achieved; the method conforms to the development trend of waste reclamation, scale and factory treatment, and the related matrix keeps the relative stability of the soil aggregate structure, is beneficial to vegetation growth and improves vegetation survival rate.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the implementation of examples 1, 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the implementation method of the embodiment 4 and 5 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-plant growing layer, 2-galvanized wire netting, 3-greening non-woven fabric, 4-anchor rod or anchor, 5-base layer, 6-intercepting ditch, 7-slope top, 8-water retaining ridge, 9-step blocking, 10-retaining wall or slope protection foot, 11-slope bottom, 12-slope protection foot, 13-upper drainage ditch and 14-lower drainage ditch.
Detailed Description
The slope greening spray-seeding fiber matrix material, the preparation method and the construction method thereof are described in detail below. What is not described in detail in the present invention belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
Experimental example
The soil around the original root system (peri-root soil) was used as a control group for 7 months in 2022, and was the target value for soil improvement. The soil around the undisturbed root system refers to soil which is obtained by completely collecting the soil around the plant root system (containing roots or not containing roots) and keeping the original state as much as possible when a soil sample is collected.
The fine powder slag, the medium fine slag, the gravel slag and the peeling surface soil used in the experimental example are experimental groups, and are improved to meet the vegetation growth requirement and approach to the index of a control group.
The invention carries out a basic physical and mechanical parameter test and a physical and chemical property test of the soil of the base material, wherein the detection items are density, natural water content, porosity, cohesive force and internal friction angle of a control group and an experimental group, and the results are shown in Table 1; organic matter, organic carbon and nitrogen phosphorus potassium content, the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 comparison of basic physical and mechanical parameters of different soil bodies
| Type of rock and soil | Density g/cm 3 | Natural water content | Porosity of the porous body | Cohesive force | Internal friction angle |
| Fine powder slag | 1.695 | 4.05％ | 0.361 | 12 | 23.78 |
| Fine slag of middle and fine grain | 1.631 | 7.15％ | 0.373 | 44.05 | 16.15 |
| Sand and gravel slag | 1.661 | 7.61％ | 0.372 | 27.05 | 19.27 |
| Stripping surface soil | 1.662 | 32.47％ | 0.489 | 3.15 | 15.84 |
| Root peripheral soil | 1.249 | 50.14％ | 0.623 | 33.25 | 12.81 |
TABLE 2 comparison of physicochemical Properties of different soil bodies
As can be seen from the basic physical and mechanical parameters in Table 1, the density of the root surrounding soil is less than that of the waste slag, and the porosity is greater than that of the waste slag. Therefore, the water holding capacity and the root growth environment of the waste slag are poor. The cohesive force of the soil around the root is more than 30kPa, and the cohesive force of other waste slag and surface soil is generally smaller, namely the mechanical property of the disturbed soil is reduced, and disasters such as water and soil loss, landslide and the like are easy to occur. The clay cohesion of undisturbed root is 23% stronger than that of disturbed slag, and the clay cohesion of the fine slag is approximately 3 times that of fine slag. The waste slag needs to be improved, so that the density, the porosity and the cohesive force of the waste slag meet the plant growth requirements.
From the physical and chemical property data of the soil body in the table 2, the property that the surface soil is stripped is close to the soil around the root, the organic matter content is between 5 and 10 percent, the surface soil belongs to organic matter soil, meets the growth requirement of vegetation, and can be added as planting soil in a plant growth layer. In the three tunnel waste residues of the fine powder slag, the medium fine slag and the gravel slag, the average organic matter content of the gravel soil is close to 5 percent, and the gravel soil is easily transformed into organic matter soil suitable for plant growth. The organic matter content of the fine powder slag and the middle fine slag is too low, so that the method is not suitable for plant growth. The contents of elements such as the fine powder slag, the N, P, K of the middle fine slag and the like are far less than those of the periapical soil, are basically not in the normal level, and are relatively difficult to improve. The indexes of elements such as N, P, K of the gravel residues are close to the normal growth requirement of vegetation, but the difference is still larger than the indexes of the soil around the roots, and improvement is still needed. The contents of organic matters and other elements can be effectively improved by adding cow waste, compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and the like into the tunnel waste slag. Based on the physicochemical properties of the three kinds of tunnel waste residues, the amount of the cow waste and the fertilizer which are required to be added into each kind of tunnel waste residues is rated, and finally the tunnel waste residues reach the requirement of planting soil.
The modified base layer and the plant growth layer should meet the requirements of tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 quality criteria for spray-cast base layer
TABLE 4 quality criteria for spray-seeding of plant layers
| Project | Unit (B) | Requirements for |
| Density of | g/cm3 | 0.4～1.3 |
| Cohesive force | kPa | ≥30 |
| Porosity of the porous body | ％ | ≥40 |
| Organic matter | ％ | ≥5 |
| pH value of | - | 5.5～8.5 |
| N | mg/kg | ≥100 |
| P | mg/kg | ≥10 |
| K | mg/kg | ≥100 |
The following describes an example of the method for improving tunnel waste slag based on geopolymer into a spray-seeding planting matrix according to the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, wherein a base layer 5 and a plant-growing layer 1 are designed on a slope, the base layer 5 is located at the bottom layer, and the plant-growing layer 1 is located at the upper layer of the base layer 5.
The base layer 5 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of tunnel waste residue A, 50-60 parts of geopolymer, 20-30 parts of highland barley straw, 5-10 parts of cow dung, 10-20 parts of chemical fertilizer and 80-100 parts of water.
The plant growth layer 1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of tunnel waste residue B, 50-60 parts of planting soil, 30-40 parts of straw fiber, 2-3 parts of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of adhesive, 10-20 parts of chemical fertilizer, 80-100 parts of water and mixed plant seeds.
For the following examples of tunnel reject improvement to the spray-seeding planting substrate, after improvement, the base layer 5 and the plant growth layer 1 were compared with the spray-seeding base layer 5 quality standards of table 3 and the spray-seeding plant growth layer 1 quality standards of table 4, and the conclusion was drawn.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a method for improving tunnel waste slag into a spray-seeding planting matrix based on geopolymer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, finishing the excavated side slope, wherein the slope rate is less than 1:1, impurities on the slope are removed, the slope is kept to have certain roughness, a water interception ditch 6 is arranged at the top of the slope to prevent rain wash, and the slope length is 6m and the slope width is 4m in a finishing example according to the attached figure 1.
S2, fully mixing 50 parts of tunnel waste residue A, 60 parts of geopolymer, 30 parts of highland barley straw, 10 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of chemical fertilizer and 100 parts of water to obtain a base layer 5 material.
Wherein, the tunnel waste slag A is one or a mixture of more of fine powder slag, medium fine slag or gravel slag, the particle diameter is less than 2mm, the geopolymer comprises site waste dust and fly ash, and highland barley straw is crushed and has the length of 2.5cm.
S3, covering galvanized iron wire meshes 2 (or adopting high-strength plastic geotechnical nets) on the side slope through net hanging construction, wherein the mesh specification is 5cm multiplied by 5cm, the net hanging construction adopts top-down unreeling, two adjacent rolls of galvanized iron wire meshes 2 (or high-strength plastic geotechnical nets) are respectively connected and fixed by binding iron wires, at least 10cm overlapping joint is required at the joint of the two nets, anchor rods or anchor nails 4 are arranged at the side slope rock by using an air drill or an electric drill according to quincuncial shapes, wherein the anchor rods are arranged at intervals of 1 multiplied by 1m, for example, anchor nails are used, the anchor rod length is 40cm, and each square meter of anchor nails is not less than 5.
And S4, uniformly spraying the base layer 5 material obtained in the step S2 on the slope surface finished in the step S1 to form the base layer 5, wherein the spraying thickness (namely the thickness of the base layer 5) is 12cm.
S5, mixing 20 parts of tunnel waste residue B, 60 parts of planting soil, 40 parts of straw fibers, 3 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of adhesive, 20 parts of chemical fertilizer, 100 parts of water and mixed plant seeds together to obtain a plant layer 1 material, and then uniformly spraying the plant layer 1 material on the base layer 5 formed in the step S4, wherein the spraying thickness (namely the thickness of the plant layer 1) is 6cm, and then forming the plant layer 1.
Wherein the tunnel waste slag B is one or a mixture of more of fine powder slag, medium fine slag or gravel slag, and the particle diameter is less than 0.5mm.
The straw fiber is formed by mixing highland barley straw fiber and coconut fiber, and the length of the straw fiber is 60mm.
The water-retaining agent is a straw-based water-retaining agent.
The adhesive is polyethylene glycol adhesive.
The mixed plant seeds included 35 parts of shrub seed and 10 parts of herb seed.
S6, covering the plant-growing layer 1 with the greening non-woven fabric 3 and fixing, preventing seeds from being insolated and water from losing, avoiding the seeds from being washed away by runoff and losing, reducing the amount of produced flow and sand on the surface of the side slope, and then carrying out maintenance management for 3 months.
In this embodiment, the density of the tunnel reject after treatment<1.2g/cm 3 Porosity of (>40% cohesive force>30kPa, SOC=50-60 g/kg, other element content accords with vegetation growth requirement, and is close to the root surrounding soil index, thereby satisfying the plant growth, implementing for 3 months, and vegetation coverage rate can reach 50%.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a method for improving tunnel waste slag into a spray-seeding planting matrix based on geopolymer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging the filled side slope field, wherein the slope rate is less than 1:1.2, removing sundries on the slope surface, keeping the slope surface to have certain roughness, arranging a water interception ditch 6 at the top of the slope to prevent rain wash, and referring to the figure 1, arranging the example slope surface to be 6m in length and 4m in width.
S2, fully mixing 40 parts of tunnel waste residue A, 50 parts of geopolymer, 20 parts of highland barley straw, 5 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of chemical fertilizer and 80 parts of water to obtain a base layer 5 material.
Wherein, the tunnel waste slag A is one or a mixture of more of fine powder slag, medium fine slag or gravel slag, the particle diameter is less than 2mm, the geopolymer comprises site waste dust and fly ash, and highland barley straw is crushed and has the length of 0.5cm.
S3, covering galvanized iron wire meshes 2 (or adopting a high-strength plastic geotechnical net) on a side slope through net hanging construction, wherein the mesh specification is 5cm multiplied by 5cm, the net hanging construction adopts top-down unreeling, two adjacent rolls of galvanized iron wire meshes 2 (or adopting the high-strength plastic geotechnical net) are respectively connected and fixed by binding iron wires, at least 10cm overlapping is required at the joint of the two meshes, anchor rods or anchor nails 4 are arranged at the side slope rock by using an air drill or an electric drill according to a quincuncial shape, wherein the anchor rods are arranged at intervals of 1 multiplied by 1m, for example, the anchor rods are arranged at intervals of 90cm, for example, the anchor nails are 15cm long, and each square meter is not less than 5.
And S4, uniformly spraying the base layer 5 material obtained in the step S2 on the slope surface finished in the step S1 to form the base layer 5, wherein the spraying thickness (namely the thickness of the base layer 5) is 10cm.
S5, mixing 10 parts of tunnel waste residue B, 50 parts of planting soil, 30 parts of straw fibers, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 1 part of binder, 10 parts of fertilizer, 80 parts of water and mixed plant seeds together to obtain a plant layer 1 material, and then uniformly spraying the plant layer 1 material on the base layer 5 formed in the step S4, wherein the spraying thickness (namely the thickness of the plant layer 1) is 4cm, and then forming the plant layer 1.
Wherein the tunnel waste slag B is one or a mixture of more of fine powder slag, medium fine slag or gravel slag, and the particle diameter is less than 0.5mm.
The straw fiber is formed by mixing highland barley straw fiber and coconut fiber, and the length of the straw fiber is 50mm. The water-retaining agent is a straw-based water-retaining agent. The adhesive is polyethylene glycol adhesive. The mixed plant seeds included 15 parts arbor plant seeds, 20 parts shrub plant seeds, and 10 parts herb plant seeds.
S6, covering the plant-growing layer 1 with the greening non-woven fabric 3 and fixing, preventing seeds from being insolated and water from losing, avoiding the seeds from being washed away by runoff and losing, reducing the amount of produced flow and sand on the surface of the side slope, and then carrying out maintenance management for 3 months.
In this embodiment, the density of the tunnel reject after treatment<1.2g/cm 3 Porosity of (>30% cohesive force>30kPa, SOC=50-60 g/kg, other element content accords with vegetation growth requirement, and is close to the root surrounding soil index, thereby satisfying the plant growth, implementing for 3 months, and vegetation coverage rate can reach 50%.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a method for improving tunnel waste slag into a spray-seeding planting matrix based on geopolymer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, finishing a gravel residue disposal site, removing sundries on a slope, arranging a water retaining ridge 8 on a slope top 7, arranging a retaining wall or a slope protection foot 10 on a slope bottom 11, and finishing the residue disposal site by a stepped blocking 9 technology, wherein the slope length of a finishing example is 20m and the width is 4m, referring to figure 2.
S2, fully mixing 45 parts of tunnel waste residue A, 55 parts of geopolymer, 25 parts of highland barley straw, 7 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of chemical fertilizer and 90 parts of water to obtain a base layer 5 material. And (3) uniformly spraying the base layer 5 material on the slope surface finished in the step S1 to form the base layer 5, wherein the spraying thickness (namely the thickness of the base layer 5) is 11cm.
Wherein, tunnel waste slag A is gravel slag, particle diameter is less than 2mm, geopolymer comprises construction site waste dust and fly ash, highland barley straw is crushed, and the length is 1.5cm.
S3, mixing 15 parts of tunnel waste residue B, 55 parts of planting soil, 35 parts of straw fiber, 3 parts of water-retaining agent, 2 parts of adhesive, 15 parts of chemical fertilizer, 90 parts of water and mixed plant seeds together to obtain a plant layer 1 material, and then uniformly spraying the plant layer 1 material on the base layer 5 formed in the step S2, wherein the spraying thickness (namely the thickness of the plant layer 1) is 5cm, and then forming the plant layer 1.
Wherein the tunnel waste slag B is gravel slag, and the particle diameter is less than 0.5mm.
The straw fiber is formed by mixing highland barley straw fiber and coconut fiber, and the length of the straw fiber is 55mm. The water-retaining agent is a straw-based water-retaining agent. The adhesive is polyethylene glycol adhesive. The mixed plant seeds included 15 parts arbor plant seeds, 20 parts shrub plant seeds, and 10 parts herb plant seeds.
S4, covering the plant-growing layer 1 with the greening non-woven fabric 3 and fixing, preventing seeds from being insolated and water from losing, avoiding the seeds from being washed away by runoff and losing, reducing the amount of produced flow and sand on the surface of the side slope, and then carrying out maintenance management for 3 months.
In this embodiment, the density of the tunnel reject after treatment<1.2g/cm 3 Porosity of (>40% cohesive force>30kPa, SOC=50-60 g/kg, other element content accords with vegetation growth requirement, and is close to the root surrounding soil index, thereby satisfying the plant growth, implementing for 3 months, and vegetation coverage rate can reach 50%.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a method for improving tunnel waste slag into a spray-seeding planting matrix based on geopolymer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, finishing a fine powder slag disposal site, removing sundries on a slope, arranging a water retaining ridge 8 and an upper drainage ditch 13 on the top of the slope, arranging a slope protecting foot 12 and a lower drainage ditch 14 on the bottom of the slope, and referring to figure 3, finishing the slope with the length of 8m and the width of 5m.
S2, mixing 50 parts of tunnel waste residue A, 50 parts of geopolymer, 20 parts of highland barley straw, 5 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of compound fertilizer, 5 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 90 parts of water together to obtain a base layer 5 material. And (3) uniformly spraying the base layer 5 material on the slope surface finished in the step S1 to form the base layer 5, wherein the spraying thickness (namely the thickness of the base layer 5) is 10cm.
Wherein, tunnel waste slag A is fine powder slag, the particle diameter is less than 2mm, the geopolymer comprises site waste dust and fly ash, highland barley straw is crushed, and the length is 1cm.
S3, mixing 10 parts of tunnel waste residue B, 50 parts of planting soil, 30 parts of straw fiber, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 1 part of binder, 5 parts of compound fertilizer, 5 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 80 parts of water and mixed plant seeds together to obtain a plant-growing layer 1 material, uniformly spraying the plant-growing layer 1 material on the base layer 5 formed in the step S2, wherein the spraying thickness (namely the thickness of the plant-growing layer 1) is 5cm, and then forming the plant-growing layer 1.
Wherein, tunnel waste slag B is fine powder slag, and the particle diameter is less than 0.5mm.
The straw fiber is formed by mixing highland barley straw fiber and coconut fiber, and the length of the straw fiber is 50mm. The water-retaining agent is a straw-based water-retaining agent. The adhesive is polyethylene glycol adhesive. The mixed plant seeds included 15 parts arbor plant seeds, 20 parts shrub plant seeds, and 10 parts herb plant seeds.
S4, covering the plant-growing layer 1 with the greening non-woven fabric 3 and fixing, preventing seeds from being insolated and water from losing, avoiding the seeds from being washed away by runoff and losing, reducing the amount of produced flow and sand on the surface of the side slope, and then carrying out maintenance management for 3 months.
In this embodiment, the density of the tunnel reject after treatment<1.2g/cm 3 Porosity of (>40% cohesive force>30kPa, SOC=50-60 g/kg, other element content accords with vegetation growth requirement, and is close to the root surrounding soil index, thereby satisfying the plant growth, implementing for 3 months, and vegetation coverage rate can reach 40%.
Example 5
The embodiment discloses a method for improving tunnel waste slag into a spray-seeding planting matrix based on geopolymer, which comprises the following steps:
s1, finishing a fine slag waste site, removing sundries on a slope, arranging a water retaining ridge 8 and a drainage ditch, and referring to figure 3, finishing the slope with the length of 8m and the width of 5m in an example.
S2, mixing 50 parts of tunnel waste residue A, 60 parts of geopolymer, 30 parts of highland barley straw, 10 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of compound fertilizer, 5 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 90 parts of water together to obtain a base layer 5 material. And (3) uniformly spraying the base layer 5 material on the slope surface finished in the step S1 to form the base layer 5, wherein the spraying thickness (namely the thickness of the base layer 5) is 10cm.
Wherein, tunnel waste slag A is medium-fine slag, the particle diameter is less than 2mm, the geopolymer comprises site waste dust and fly ash, highland barley straw is crushed, and the length is 1cm.
S3, mixing 10 parts of tunnel waste residue B, 60 parts of planting soil, 30 parts of straw fiber, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 1 part of binder, 5 parts of compound fertilizer, 5 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 100 parts of water and mixed plant seeds together to obtain a plant-growing layer 1 material, uniformly spraying the plant-growing layer 1 material on the base layer 5 formed in the step S2, wherein the spraying thickness (namely the thickness of the plant-growing layer 1) is 5cm, and then forming the plant-growing layer 1.
Wherein the tunnel waste slag B is medium fine slag, and the particle diameter is less than 0.5mm.
The straw fiber is formed by mixing highland barley straw fiber and coconut fiber, and the length of the straw fiber is 50mm. The water-retaining agent is a straw-based water-retaining agent. The adhesive is polyethylene glycol adhesive. The mixed plant seeds included 15 parts arbor plant seeds, 20 parts shrub plant seeds, and 10 parts herb plant seeds.
S4, covering the plant-growing layer 1 with the greening non-woven fabric 3 and fixing, preventing seeds from being insolated and water from losing, avoiding the seeds from being washed away by runoff and losing, reducing the amount of produced flow and sand on the surface of the side slope, and then carrying out maintenance management for 3 months.
In this embodiment, the density of the tunnel reject after treatment<1.2g/cm 3 Porosity of (>40% cohesive force>30kPa, SOC=50-60 g/kg, other element content accords with vegetation growth requirement, and is close to the root surrounding soil index, thereby satisfying the plant growth, implementing for 3 months, and vegetation coverage rate can reach 40%.
The quality standards of the base layer 5 and the plant growth layer 1 obtained in the embodiments 1-5 are compared with those of the spray-seeding base layer 5 in the table 3 and the spray-seeding plant growth layer 1 in the table 4, so that the method described in the embodiments 1-5 is high in efficiency, environment-friendly and good in greening effect, the problems of high transportation cost of spray-seeding materials, dust pollution of slag fields, difficulty in disposing engineering waste residues and fly ash and the like can be effectively solved, and meanwhile, local yak excrement and highland barley straws are effectively utilized, so that the ecological restoration effect of local materials is achieved according to local conditions. The geopolymer is adopted to replace cement and other alkaline adhesives, so that the alkalinity of the spray-seeding matrix is effectively reduced, and vegetation growth and recovery are facilitated. The impact resistance and cohesiveness of the matrix can be improved by reasonably preparing engineering waste slag, construction site waste dust and fly ash, scientific disposal and resource utilization of waste slag in high-altitude areas are facilitated, meanwhile, ecological restoration cost is reduced, and greening effect is improved; the method conforms to the development trend of waste reclamation, scale and factory treatment, and the related matrix keeps the relative stability of the soil aggregate structure, is beneficial to vegetation growth and improves vegetation survival rate.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving tunnel waste slag based on geopolymer into a spray-seeding planting matrix, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, treating a slope, including leveling, removing sundries and roughness treatment;
s2, mixing 40-50 parts of tunnel waste residue A, 50-60 parts of geopolymer, 20-30 parts of highland barley straw, 5-10 parts of cow dung and 10-30 parts of fertilizer together, adding 80-100 parts of water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a base material;
s3, uniformly spraying the obtained base material on the slope surface treated in the step S1 to form a base layer, wherein the thickness of the base layer is 10-12 cm;
s4, mixing 10-20 parts of tunnel waste residue B, 50-60 parts of planting soil, 30-40 parts of straw fiber, 2-3 parts of water-retaining agent, 1-2 parts of adhesive, 10-20 parts of fertilizer and mixed plant seeds together, and adding 80-100 parts of water to mix uniformly to obtain a plant layer material;
s5, uniformly spraying the plant-growing layer material on the base layer formed in the step S3 to form a plant-growing layer, wherein the thickness of the plant-growing layer is 4-6 cm
S6, covering and fixing the plant-growing layer by using greening non-woven fabrics, preventing seeds from being exposed to the sun and losing water, avoiding the seeds from being washed away and lost by runoff, reducing the amount of produced water and sand on the surface of the side slope, and then carrying out maintenance management for 3 months.
2. The method of modifying geopolymer-based tunnel waste into a spray-cast planting substrate of claim 1, wherein the geopolymer comprises worksite waste dust and fly ash.
3. The method for improving tunnel waste based on geopolymer into a spray-seeding planting matrix according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel waste a and the tunnel waste B are from tunnel waste, and are one or a combination of more of fine powder slag, medium fine slag and gravel slag.
4. The method of modifying geopolymer-based tunnel waste into a spray-seeding planting matrix of claim 1, wherein the chemical fertilizer is one or a combination of more of a compound fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, and a nitrogen fertilizer.
5. The method for improving tunnel waste slag based on geopolymer into spray-seeding planting matrix according to claim 1, wherein highland barley straw is crushed and has a length of 0.5-2.5 cm.
6. The method for improving tunnel waste slag based on geopolymer into spray seeding planting matrix according to claim 1, wherein the straw fiber is one or a combination of more of highland barley straw fiber, wheat straw fiber, coconut fiber, wood fiber and the like, and the fiber length is 50-60 mm.
7. The method for improving tunnel waste slag based on geopolymer into spray-seeding planting matrix according to claim 1, wherein the water-retaining agent is a straw-based water-retaining agent.
8. The method of modifying geopolymer-based tunnel waste into a spray-seeding planting matrix of claim 1, wherein the binder is a polyethylene glycol binder.
9. The method of modifying geopolymer-based tunnel waste into a spray-seeding planting substrate according to claim 1, wherein the mixed plant seed is 45 parts by weight, including 15 parts arbor seed, 20 parts shrub seed and 10 parts herb seed, or including 35 parts shrub seed and 10 parts herb seed.
10. The method for improving tunnel waste slag based on geopolymer into spray-seeding planting matrix according to claim 1, wherein the tunnel waste slag A is subjected to screening treatment, and the particle diameter is smaller than 2mm; the tunnel waste slag B is subjected to screening treatment, and the particle diameter is smaller than 0.5mm.
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| CN117550821A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-13 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Plant-growing solid waste base polymer and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN117550821B (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-03-12 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Plant-growing solid waste base polymer and preparation method and application thereof |
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