CN113514450A - 一种硼酸和/或硼酸盐的检测方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种硼酸和/或硼酸盐的检测方法,包括如下步骤:将无水酸溶于无水质子化溶剂1中,形成试剂A;将姜黄素溶于无水质子化溶剂2中,然后浸入滤纸,取出干燥得到姜黄试纸;将待测样品与试剂A混合得到混合物,将所述混合物滴加到所述姜黄试纸上,根据姜黄试纸的颜色变化以对硼酸和/或硼酸盐进行定性检测。本发明的检测方法操作简单方便,显色过程不需要加热或干燥等操作,用时短,结果易于判断,特征性良好,不需要其他设备和条件,适合现场操作,满足监督部门、检测机构和个人等现场快速检测的需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学分析技术领域,尤其涉及一种硼酸和/或硼酸盐的检测方法。
背景技术
硼酸,化学式H3BO3,为白色粉末状结晶或三斜轴面鳞片状光泽结晶;硼酸盐是与三氧化二硼有关盐类的通称,通常仅指正硼酸的盐,比较常用的硼酸盐包括四硼酸钠,俗称硼砂。硼酸和硼酸盐常用作外用杀菌剂、消毒剂、收敛剂和防腐剂,在化妆品中可用作防腐抑菌剂,常用于爽身粉等产品中。
硼酸和硼酸盐口服可引起急性中毒,主要表现为胃肠道症状,有恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻等,继之发生脱水、休克、昏迷或急性肾功能衰竭,可有高热、肝肾损害和惊厥,重者可致死。硼酸和硼酸盐易被损伤皮肤吸收引起中毒,导致恶心、腹泻、痉挛、红斑、发绀、循环器官衰弱、神经错乱等中毒反应。硼酸和硼酸盐可导致慢性中毒:长期由胃肠道或皮肤吸收小量该品,可发生轻度消化道症状、皮炎、秃发以及肝肾损害。
《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)规定,硼酸和硼酸盐禁用于三岁以下儿童使用的化妆品中,并有标签注意事项等要求。
《化妆品安全技术规范》规定了化妆品硼酸和硼酸盐的甲亚胺-H分光光度检测方法,该方法使用繁琐,测试时间长,试剂保质期短,不适于快速和现场检测要求。硼酸和硼酸盐的检测方法还有显微结晶法、显色法、滴定法、分光光度法、荧光法、液相色谱法、原子吸收分光光度法、旋光法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法等。使用姜黄素和草酸等试剂检测硼元素的方法最开始应用于农业领域,后经过不断改进,通过将硼处理后溶于水溶液中,再与姜黄素及草酸、硫酸等反应,经过加热、干燥显色,检测硼酸和硼酸盐的方法广泛应用于食品、土壤、化妆品等领域。姜黄素显色法操作简便、灵敏性和特征性好,适合用于硼酸和硼酸盐的快速筛查,但是也存在有样品前处理繁琐、过程中需要加热、干燥等等问题,针对固体化妆品中硼酸或硼酸盐的快速筛查方法,有进一步的改良空间。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种硼酸和/或硼酸盐的检测方法,能够快速对硼酸和/或硼酸盐进行定性检测,且操作简单。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种硼酸和/或硼酸盐的检测方法,包括如下步骤:
将无水酸溶于无水质子化溶剂1中,形成试剂A;
将姜黄素溶于无水质子化溶剂2中,然后浸入滤纸,取出干燥得到姜黄试纸;
将待测样品与所述试剂A混合得到混合物,将所述混合物滴加到所述姜黄试纸上,根据所述姜黄试纸的颜色变化以对硼酸和/或硼酸盐进行定性检测。
根据本发明的硼酸和硼酸盐的检测方法,至少包括如下有益效果:
本发明利用硼酸(硼酸盐在酸性条件下也可以形成硼酸)与质子化的姜黄素络合生成红色的玫瑰红花青苷的显色反应来对硼酸和硼酸盐进行快速定性检测。相关技术的检测方法一般在有水环境中进行,将姜黄素溶于含水质子化溶剂中,然后制备姜黄试纸,并加入含水的酸溶液进行检测。发明人发现,有水条件会极大地影响姜黄素的质子化,因此采用此类方法在滴加待测样品后需要对试纸进行加热干燥以使红色显现出来,不仅操作复杂时间厂,而且质子化的姜黄素具有热不稳定性,加热干燥将会影响检测的准确性。因此,本发明的检测方法在无水条件下进行,不仅有利于姜黄素的质子化,而且不需要加热干燥,提高了质子化的姜黄素的稳定性,在将待测样品与试剂A混合得到的混合物滴加到姜黄试纸上可立即显色,不需等待,能够快速准确地对硼酸和硼酸盐进行定性检测。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述无水酸为无水氯化氢。
酸性环境有利于硼酸与质子化的姜黄素的络合反应,但是并非所有的酸性环境都能用于本发明的检测方法。例如,草酸的存在会使产物的稳定性和灵敏度不够,硫酸具有氧化性和脱水性,不适于在试纸上应用;磷酸的酸强度不够且会影响姜黄素试纸显色的判断。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述无水质子化溶剂1和无水质子化溶剂2独立地为无水醇溶剂,独立地包括无水甲醇、无水乙醇中的至少一种,所述无水质子化溶剂1和无水质子化溶剂2可以相同也可以不同。
本发明的检测方法要求所用无水质子化溶剂既能够溶解无水氯化氢,且能够溶解硼酸和硼酸盐,使颜色反应能正常进行的;且无水质子化溶剂常温下须为液态,并具有常温挥发性,使颜色反应更灵敏和不影响颜色判断,较合适的有本方法优选的无水甲醇、无水乙醇等无水醇溶剂。另外,检测过程中生成的颜色变化产物玫瑰红花青苷可溶于醇溶剂,并不溶于水或非质子化溶剂,因此选择无水醇溶剂可以提高检测的灵敏度。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述无水氯化氢与无水质子化溶剂1的质量比为0.1~30:100。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述干燥得到姜黄试纸中的干燥方法为自然干燥。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述待测样品与试剂A的用量比为10~100mg:0.05~0.5mL。一般地,1滴液体的体积约为0.05mL,在实际操作中,可以按照10~100mg待测样品滴加1~10滴试剂A的比例进行检测。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述待测样品为无水样品,优选为无水固体粉末样品。本发明的检测方法可直接对固体样品进行检测,不需对待测样品进行任何的前处理,简便了操作,节约了检测时间。同时,本发明的试剂A以及姜黄试纸均不含水,不含水的待测样品在无水溶剂条件与质子化姜黄素快速发生颜色反应,提高了检测的灵敏度,且免除了加热干燥的过程,加快检测速度。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述待测样品为无水固体粉末化妆品。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述根据姜黄试纸的颜色变化以对硼酸和/或硼酸盐进行定性检测具体为,若姜黄试纸出现红色则判断待测样品中含有硼酸和/或硼酸盐,且红色越深,待测样品中的硼酸和/或硼酸盐的含量越高。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述检测方法还包括步骤:将所述待测样品与试剂A混合得到的混合物滴加到姜黄试纸上的同时,将所述试剂A滴加到姜黄试纸上作为空白,将滴加所述混合物的试纸与所述空白进行比较;若滴加所述混合物的试纸相较空白出现红色,则判断所述待测样品中含有硼酸和/或硼酸盐;若滴加所述混合物的试纸相较空白未出现红色,则判断所述待测样品中不含硼酸和硼酸盐。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,将所述待测样品与试剂A混合得到的混合物滴加到姜黄试纸上后,等待0~5min即可进行比较判断,一般在将所述混合物滴加到姜黄试纸上可立即显色,无需等待即可进行判断。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明的检测方法操作简单方便,不需要加热或干燥等操作,用时短,结果易于判断,特征性良好,不需要其他设备和条件,适合现场操作,满足监督部门、检测机构和个人等现场快速检测的需求。
附图说明
图1为检测过程示意图(A)和本发明实施例1~3的检测结果(B)。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体的实施例详细地对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。
取不含硼酸和硼酸盐的固体粉末状化妆品作为阴性样品(该固体粉末状化妆品经由国家化妆品监督抽样,经法定方法检验确定不含硼酸或硼酸盐);在阴性样品中加入无水硼酸,混合制成硼酸质量浓度为1mg/g或10mg/g的硼酸样品;在阴性样品中加入四硼酸钠,混合制成折合硼酸质量浓度为10mg/g的硼酸盐样品。
实施例1
取干燥氯化氢5g溶于100g无水甲醇中得质量浓度为5%的试剂A。
取20mg 1mg/g硼酸样品到试管中,滴加2滴试剂A,振摇得到混合物。吸取混合物1滴加至姜黄试纸一端上,同时在姜黄试纸另一端滴加1滴试剂A作为空白。滴加混合物后姜黄试纸立即呈现如图1所示的结果。
从图1可以看出,滴加试剂A后姜黄试纸没有出现红色,而滴加混合物后姜黄试纸立即呈现淡红色,说明采用这种检测方法能够快速对硼酸进行检测,判断待测样品中是否含有硼酸。
实施例2
取干燥氯化氢2g溶于100g无水乙醇中得质量浓度为2%的试剂A。
取40mg 10mg/g硼酸样品到试管中,滴加3滴试剂A,振摇得到混合物。吸取混合物1滴加至姜黄试纸一端上,同时在姜黄试纸另一端滴加1滴试剂A作为空白。滴加混合物后姜黄试纸立即呈现如图1所示的结果。
从图1可以看出,滴加试剂A后姜黄试纸没有出现红色,而滴加混合物后姜黄试纸立即呈现红色。同时与实施例1相比,本实施例的红色变深,应该与硼酸的浓度有关,反映了采用本发明的检测方法能够根据红色的深浅快速比较不同待测样品中硼酸的浓度高低,红色越深,硼酸的浓度更高。
实施例3
取干燥氯化氢13g溶于100g无水甲醇中得质量浓度为13%的试剂A。
取80mg阴性样品到试管中,滴加8滴试剂A,振摇得到混合物。吸取混合物1滴加至姜黄试纸一端上,同时在姜黄试纸另一端滴加1滴试剂A作为空白。滴加混合物后姜黄试纸立即呈现如图1所示的结果(图1中实施例3-1)。
另外取80mg 10mg/g硼酸盐样品到试管中,滴加8滴试剂A,振摇得到混合物。吸取混合物1滴加至姜黄试纸一端上,同时在姜黄试纸另一端滴加1滴试剂A作为空白。滴加混合物后姜黄试纸立即呈现如图1所示的结果(图1中实施例3-2)。
从图1可以看出,滴加阴性样品后,姜黄试纸与空白一样没有出现任何红色,而滴加硼酸盐样品后,姜黄试纸立即出现红色,说明采用这种检测方法能够快速对硼酸盐进行检测,判断待测样品中是否含有硼酸盐。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种硼酸和/或硼酸盐的检测方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
将无水酸溶于无水质子化溶剂1中,形成试剂A;
将姜黄素溶于无水质子化溶剂2中,然后浸入滤纸,取出干燥得到姜黄试纸;将待测样品与所述试剂A混合得到混合物,将所述混合物滴加到所述姜黄试纸上,根据所述姜黄试纸的颜色变化以对硼酸和/或硼酸盐进行定性检测。
2.根据权利要求1所述检测方法,其特征在于:所述无水酸为无水氯化氢。
3.根据权利要求1所述检测方法,其特征在于:所述无水质子化溶剂1和无水质子化溶剂2独立地为无水醇溶剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述检测方法,其特征在于:所述无水质子化溶剂1和无水质子化溶剂2独立地包括无水甲醇、无水乙醇中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述检测方法,其特征在于:所述无水氯化氢与无水质子化溶剂1的质量比为0.1~30:100。
6.根据权利要求1所述检测方法,其特征在于:所述待测样品与试剂A的用量比为10~100mg:0.05~0.5mL。
7.根据权利要求1所述检测方法,其特征在于:所述待测样品为无水样品。
8.根据权利要求7所述检测方法,其特征在于:所述待测样品为无水固体粉末样品。
9.根据权利要求8所述检测方法,其特征在于:所述待测样品为无水固体粉末化妆品。
10.根据权利要求1~9任一项所述检测方法,其特征在于:所述根据姜黄试纸的颜色变化以对硼酸和/或硼酸盐进行定性检测具体为,若姜黄试纸出现红色则判断待测样品中含有硼酸和/或硼酸盐,且红色越深,待测样品中的硼酸和/或硼酸盐的含量越高。
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