CN113463372A - 羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法及其应用,将生物源性纤维采用碱处理,然后采用酸处理,得到预处理后的纤维;将预处理后的纤维浸入到柠檬酸水溶液,加热至45℃~65℃反应18‑30h,再升温至110℃~130℃反应0.5~2h,得到羧基修饰生物源性纤维;或将预处理后的纤维浸入到含有NaOH的氯乙酸钠水溶液中,加热至40℃~70℃,反应1~3h,得到羧基修饰生物源性纤维。本发明制备方法工艺简单,易于操作,成本低廉,回收利用生物源性纤维,不使用有机溶剂,环境友好,制备的羧基改性生物源性纤维材料用作吸附剂,可应用于复杂基质痕量目标物的分析和水样中污染物的去除。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于表面修饰化学和污染物吸附技术领域,涉及羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
生物源性纤维具有价廉,环保,易得,可再生的优点,但目前仍存在生物质资源如玉米芯,蒲叶等大量被遗弃或焚烧的问题,导致资源浪费,引起环境污染。生物源性纤维大都由纤维素,半纤维素和木质素等组成,且具有一定的孔道结构,易于改性修饰,是良好的吸附剂材料。
氟喹诺酮类具有广谱抗菌性且与其它抗菌剂不产生交叉耐药性的特点,是一种广泛应用于人类和牲畜抵抗病原菌感染的药物。药物通常以原型或潜在的代谢物形式排泄至生态环境中,其大量使用乃至滥用,会导致细菌耐压性的产生,危害人体健康,破坏生态平衡。当前,氟喹诺酮类已被确认为药物和个人护理产品污染物。为了保护机体健康和生态安全,需要对环境中氟喹诺酮类抗生素的水平进行监测。由于实际样品中存在基质干扰及药物浓度低的问题,需要开发高效高选择性的吸附剂。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的问题,本发明的目的是提供羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法及其应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将纤维形态的生物源性纤维或非纤维形态的生物源性纤维粉碎后的粗粉采用碱处理,然后采用酸处理,得到预处理后的纤维;
将预处理后的纤维浸入到柠檬酸水溶液,加热至45℃~65℃反应18-30h,再升温至110℃~130℃反应0.5~2h,水洗,干燥,得到羧基修饰生物源性纤维;或
将预处理后的纤维浸入到含有NaOH的氯乙酸钠水溶液中,加热至40℃~70℃,反应1~3h,洗涤,干燥,得到羧基修饰生物源性纤维。
本发明进一步的改进在于,非纤维形态的生物源性纤维粉碎后的粗粉粒径为350μm~850μm。
本发明进一步的改进在于,非纤维形态的生物源性纤维为蒲叶、玉米芯、菖蒲绒纤维、丝瓜络、稻壳、甘蔗渣、大豆皮、小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆或稻草秸秆。
本发明进一步的改进在于,纤维形态的生物源性纤维为棉花、梧桐絮或苎麻。
本发明进一步的改进在于,预处理后的纤维具体通过以下过程得到:将纤维粗粉或纤维形态的生物源性纤维浸入到NaOH溶液中搅拌,然后浸入到盐酸中搅拌,得到预处理后的纤维。
本发明进一步的改进在于,NaOH溶液与盐酸的浓度均为0.1~1.0mol/L。
本发明进一步的改进在于,柠檬酸水溶液的浓度为0.1~1.0mol/L。
本发明进一步的改进在于,含有NaOH的氯乙酸钠水溶液中氯乙酸钠水溶液的浓度为0.1~1.0mol/L,NaOH的质量浓度为1%-10%。
一种如上所述的方法得到的羧基修饰生物源性纤维在氟喹诺酮类污染物吸附萃取和去除领域中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明应用两种羧基化方式对生物源性纤维进行改性修饰,基于羧基化纤维和喹诺酮类抗生素之间的氢键,静电作用,路易斯酸碱作用力,将制备得到的羧基化蒲叶纤维用于水样中氟喹诺酮类抗生素的萃取和除杂,表现出优异的吸附性能。本发明制备方法工艺简单,易于操作,成本低廉,回收利用生物源性纤维,不使用有机溶剂,属于环境友好型修饰方法。本发明提出的利用氯乙酸钠或柠檬酸进行羧基改性的方法,适用于在多种生物源性纤维或富含羟基的载体表面接枝羧基。本发明制备的羧基改性生物源性纤维材料用作吸附剂,可应用于复杂基质痕量目标物的分析和水样中污染物的去除,如四环素类,氟喹诺酮类抗生素,磺胺类抗菌药以及Hg2+,Cd2+,Cu2+,Fe3+,Pb2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Ag2+与Co2+金属离子。
本发明提出了对生物源性纤维进行改性修饰,并将其用于环境样品中氟喹诺酮类选择性吸附,建立氟喹诺酮类高灵敏度检测方法和污染性氟喹诺酮类高效去除方法。生物源性纤维在碱性条件下,先碱化再与氯乙酸钠发生成醚反应,然后用酸性溶液洗涤可得到羧基化的纤维;也可采用柠檬酸介导的热酯化反应在生物源性纤维表面键合上羧基。基于羧基化纤维与氟喹诺酮类抗生素之间氢键,路易斯酸碱作用,可将其用于氟喹诺酮类抗生素的高效吸附。
进一步的,在羧基化接枝过程中,柠檬酸、氯乙酸钠的浓度以及反应温度、反应时间等对羧基接枝率影响较大。采用本发明中的浓度和反应条件,可以保证较好的接枝率。
附图说明
图1为生源性纤维羧基化改性修饰的示意图,其中,a是以柠檬酸热酯化介导的羧基化过程,b是以氯乙酸钠介导的羧基化过程。
图2为本发明中3种生物源性纤维羧基化后用于萃取氟喹诺酮类抗生素的结果比较图。
图3是柠檬酸介导的羧基化修饰的蒲叶用于氟喹诺酮类抗生素萃取的色谱图。
图4是柠檬酸介导的羧基化修饰的蒲叶用于氟喹诺酮类抗生素去除的结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细描述。
本发明利用两种环境友好型水系化学合成法,对生物源性纤维进行羧基化改性修饰,并将制备的生物纤维吸附材料应用于环境样品中氟喹诺酮类抗生素的萃取和去除。
参见图1中a和b,羧基改性生物源性纤维的制备方法具体如下:
1.柠檬酸羧基化改性生物源性纤维:具体步骤如下:首先是生物源性纤维清洗和活化处理;再将生物纤维浸入柠檬酸酸水溶液,加热发生热酯化反应,从而将生物纤维羧基化改性。
1.1将干燥蒲叶,玉米芯等非纤维形态的生物源性纤维粉碎,过筛,保留粒径350μm–850μm的纤维粗粉。
1.2将经步骤1.1处理得到的生物纤维粗粉,或棉花、梧桐絮与苎麻等纤维形态的生物源性纤维浸入NaOH溶液中室温搅拌,除去表面灰分杂质和半纤维素,用超纯水洗涤并过滤,滤渣再浸入盐酸溶液搅拌,用超纯水洗至中性后过滤,干燥待用。
1.3经步骤1.2处理得到的生物纤维浸入柠檬酸水溶液,加热发生热酯化反应,反应结束后用超纯水洗至中性,然后干燥,得到羧基化改性的生物源性纤维。
2.氯乙酸钠羧甲基化改性生物源性纤维的制备方法具体如下:
经步骤1.2处理得到的生物源性纤维浸入含有NaOH的氯乙酸钠水溶液中,加热反应,反应结束依次用超纯水,2g/L的醋酸水溶液,超纯水洗涤,干燥,得到羧基化改性的生物源性纤维。
步骤1中所述的活化处理方法包括以下步骤:生物纤维用0.1~1.0mol/L NaOH溶液在室温下搅拌处理2h,用超纯水洗涤3次并过滤,滤渣再浸入0.1~1.0mol/L盐酸溶液搅拌30min,用超纯水洗至中性后过滤,干燥待用。
所述的柠檬酸热酯化反应中,柠檬酸水溶液的摩尔浓度为0.1~1.0mol/L,45℃~65℃反应24h,再升温至110℃~130℃反应0.5~2h。
所述的氯乙酸钠羧甲基化方法中,氯乙酸钠水溶液的摩尔浓度为0.1~1.0mol/L,其中水溶液为NaOH水溶液,质量百分浓度为1%-10%,加热反应温度为40℃~70℃,反应时间为1~3h。
所述的生物源性纤维为蒲叶纤维,玉米芯纤维,棉纤维,菖蒲绒纤维,苎麻纤维,丝瓜络纤维,稻壳纤维,甘蔗渣纤维,梧桐絮纤维,大豆皮,小麦秸秆,玉米秸秆或稻草秸秆纤维。其中,棉纤维和苎麻纤维为非纤维形态的生物源性纤维,其他为纤维形态的生物源性纤维。
羧基化改性生物源性纤维吸附剂,通过上述柠檬酸羧基化改性和氯乙酸钠羧甲基化改性的方法制备得到。
上述羧基改性生物源性纤维材料在氟喹诺酮类污染物吸附萃取和去除领域的应用。
实施例1
将5g粉碎的蒲叶(355–850μm)加入250mL NaOH水溶液(0.1mol/L),室温条件下搅拌2h,用超纯水洗涤并用纱布过滤,再加入250mL盐酸水溶液(0.1mol/L)搅拌30min,用超纯水洗涤至中性并在60℃烘箱中干燥,得到酸碱活化处理过的蒲叶。
将2.5g酸碱活化处理过的蒲叶加入50mL柠檬酸水溶液(0.1mol/L),于60℃烘箱中反应18h再升温至110℃反应120min。反应结束,用超纯水洗涤至中性并于60℃烘箱中干燥,可得到柠檬酸介导的热酯化反应修饰的羧基化蒲叶。
实施例2
将5g粉碎的蒲叶(355–850μm)加入250mL NaOH水溶液(1.0mol/L),室温条件下搅拌2h,用超纯水洗涤并用纱布过滤,再加入250mL盐酸水溶液(1.0mol/L)搅拌30min,用超纯水洗涤至中性并在60℃烘箱中干燥,得到酸碱活化处理过的蒲叶。
将2.5g酸碱活化处理过的蒲叶加入50mL柠檬酸水溶液(1.0mol/L),于45℃烘箱中反应30h再升温至130℃反应30min。反应结束,用超纯水洗涤至中性并于60℃烘箱中干燥,可得到柠檬酸介导的热酯化反应修饰的羧基化蒲叶。
实施例3
将5g粉碎的蒲叶(355–850μm)加入250mL NaOH水溶液(0.1mol/L),室温条件下搅拌2h,用超纯水洗涤并用纱布过滤,再加入250mL盐酸水溶液(0.1mol/L)搅拌30min,用超纯水洗涤至中性并在60℃烘箱中干燥,得到酸碱活化处理过的蒲叶。
将0.8g酸碱活化处理过的蒲叶加入40mL含有质量浓度1%NaOH的氯乙酸钠水溶液(0.1mol/L),于70℃反应1h。反应结束,依次用超纯水,2g/L醋酸水溶液,超纯水洗涤并于60℃烘箱中干燥,可得到氯乙酸钠介导的醚化反应修饰的羧基化蒲叶。
实施例4
将5g粉碎的蒲叶(355–850μm)加入250mL NaOH水溶液(1.0mol/L),室温条件下搅拌2h,用超纯水洗涤并用纱布过滤,再加入250mL盐酸水溶液(1.0mol/L)搅拌30min,用超纯水洗涤至中性并在60℃烘箱中干燥,得到酸碱活化处理过的蒲叶。
将0.8g酸碱活化处理过的蒲叶加入40mL含有质量浓度10%NaOH的氯乙酸钠水溶液(1.0mol/L),于40℃反应3h。反应结束,依次用超纯水,2g/L醋酸水溶液,超纯水洗涤并于60℃烘箱中干燥,可得到氯乙酸钠介导的醚化反应修饰的羧基化蒲叶。
实施例5
将5g粉碎的玉米芯(355–850μm)加入250mL NaOH水溶液(0.8mol/L),室温条件下搅拌2h,用超纯水洗涤并用纱布过滤,再加入250mL盐酸水溶液(0.3mol/L)搅拌30min,用超纯水洗涤至中性并在60℃烘箱中干燥,得到酸碱活化处理过的玉米芯。
将2.5g酸碱活化处理过的玉米芯加入50mL柠檬酸水溶液(0.4mol/L),于50℃烘箱中反应27h再升温至120℃反应60min。反应结束,用超纯水洗涤至中性并于60℃烘箱中干燥,可得到柠檬酸介导的热酯化反应修饰的羧基化玉米芯。
实施例6
将5g棉花加入250mL NaOH水溶液(0.5mol/L),室温条件下搅拌2h,用超纯水洗涤并用纱布过滤,再加入250mL盐酸水溶液(0.7mol/L)搅拌30min,用超纯水洗涤至中性并在60℃烘箱中干燥,得到酸碱活化处理过的棉花。
将2.5g酸碱活化处理过的棉花加入50mL柠檬酸水溶液(0.7mol/L),于55℃烘箱中反应25h再升温至115℃反应70min。反应结束,用超纯水洗涤至中性并于60℃烘箱中干燥,可得到柠檬酸介导的热酯化反应修饰的羧基化棉花。
实施例7
将5g梧桐絮加入250mL NaOH水溶液(1mol/L),室温条件下搅拌2h,用超纯水洗涤并用纱布过滤,再加入250mL盐酸水溶液(1mol/L)搅拌30min,用超纯水洗涤至中性并在60℃烘箱中干燥,得到酸碱活化处理过的梧桐絮。
将2.5g酸碱活化处理过的梧桐絮加入50mL柠檬酸水溶液(0.8mol/L),于60℃烘箱中反应20h再升温至125℃反应30min。反应结束,用超纯水洗涤至中性并于60℃烘箱中干燥,可得到柠檬酸介导的热酯化反应修饰的羧基化梧桐絮。
实施例8
将5g棉花加入250mL NaOH水溶液(1.0mol/L),室温条件下搅拌2h,用超纯水洗涤并用纱布过滤,再加入250mL盐酸水溶液(1.0mol/L)搅拌30min,用超纯水洗涤至中性并在60℃烘箱中干燥,得到酸碱活化处理过的棉花。
将0.8g酸碱活化处理过的棉花加入40mL含有质量浓度3%NaOH的氯乙酸钠水溶液(0.3mol/L),于50℃反应2h。反应结束,依次用超纯水,2g/L醋酸水溶液,超纯水洗涤并于60℃烘箱中干燥,可得到氯乙酸钠介导的醚化反应修饰的羧基化棉花。
实施例9
将5g粉碎的蒲叶(355–850μm)加入250mL NaOH水溶液(1.0mol/L),室温条件下搅拌2h,用超纯水洗涤并用纱布过滤,再加入250mL盐酸水溶液(1.0mol/L)搅拌30min,用超纯水洗涤至中性并在60℃烘箱中干燥,得到酸碱活化处理过的蒲叶。
将0.8g酸碱活化处理过的蒲叶加入40mL含有质量浓度5%NaOH的氯乙酸钠水溶液(0.8mol/L),于60℃反应2h。反应结束,依次用超纯水,2g/L醋酸水溶液,超纯水洗涤并于60℃烘箱中干燥,可得到氯乙酸钠介导的醚化反应修饰的羧基化蒲叶。
实施例10
将5g粉碎的玉米芯(355–850μm)加入250mL NaOH水溶液(1.0mol/L),室温条件下搅拌2h,用超纯水洗涤并用纱布过滤,再加入250mL盐酸水溶液(1.0mol/L)搅拌30min,用超纯水洗涤至中性并在60℃烘箱中干燥,得到酸碱活化处理过的玉米芯。
将0.8g酸碱活化处理过的玉米芯加入40mL含有质量浓度8%NaOH的氯乙酸钠水溶液(0.5mol/L),于45℃反应2.5h。反应结束,依次用超纯水,2g/L醋酸水溶液,超纯水洗涤并于60℃烘箱中干燥,可得到氯乙酸钠介导的醚化反应修饰的羧基化玉米芯。
苎麻、棉花、菖蒲绒、丝瓜络、稻壳、甘蔗渣、大豆皮、小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆或稻草秸秆均可以作为原料采用本发明中的方法制备羧基修饰生物源性纤维。
性能测试:
将实施例1所制备的羧基化蒲叶用于氟喹诺酮类药物的萃取和清除,分析操作步骤如下:
(1)氟喹诺酮类药物溶液配制:预先配制依诺沙星倍半水合物(0.81mg/mL),左氧氟沙星(1.98mg/mL),环丙沙星(0.08mg/mL),洛美沙星(1.10mg/mL),加替沙星(0.83mg/mL)的甲醇溶液,再取不同体积混合用甲醇稀释得到依诺沙星倍半水合物(40.5μg/mL),左氧氟沙星(49.5μg/mL),环丙沙星(40μg/mL),洛美沙星(54.6μg/mL),加替沙星(41.4μg/mL)的甲醇溶液。取10μL混合的氟喹诺酮溶液加入10mL超纯水得到依诺沙星倍半水合物(40.5ng/mL),左氧氟沙星(49.5ng/mL),环丙沙星(40ng/mL),洛美沙星(54.6ng/mL),加替沙星(41.4ng/mL)的上样溶液。
(2)固相萃取过程:称取15mg羧基化蒲叶填充与内径0.2mm的塑料针头中并压实得到固相萃取微柱。用20mL注射器吸取10mL氟喹诺酮类上样液并连接上固相萃取微柱,在注射泵辅助下以1mLmin的流速使上样液流过萃取微柱。再用1mL注射器吸取400μL 1%甲酸的甲酸水溶液,以120μLmin的流速流过萃取微柱,收集出口的溶液取10μL注入超高效液相色谱仪进行分析。
(3)去除过程:将氟喹诺酮类上样液在注射泵的辅助下以1mLmin的流速不断推过固相萃取微柱,每间隔6min接取200μL微柱出口液,取10μL注入UPLC进行分析
(4)色谱分离条件:色谱柱,C18色谱柱(75mm×2.0mm i.d.),粒径2.2μm;流动相,A相,25mmol/L H3PO4水溶液(三乙胺调pH至3.0),B相乙腈;洗脱程序,0–9min,10.5%B–14%B;9–10min,14%–10.5%B;10–13min,10.5%B;流速,0.3mL/min;检测波长,278nm;柱温,30℃。
参见图2,可以看出,实施例1的柠檬酸羧基化的蒲叶对于氟喹诺酮类表现出最强的吸附能力;实施例1经柠檬酸改性处理后的蒲叶、实施例5中经柠檬酸改性处理后的玉米芯,实施例6中经柠檬酸改性处理后的棉花、实施例8中经氯乙酸钠羧基改性处理后的棉花、实施例9中经氯乙酸钠羧基改性处理后的蒲叶以及实施例8中经氯乙酸钠羧基改性处理后的玉米芯等相对于未改性的纤维来说,羧基化改性能显著提高纤维对氟喹诺酮类的吸附能力;且实施例1、实施例5以及实施例6中柠檬酸羧基化的棉花,蒲叶,玉米芯吸附能力高于实施例8-10中的氯乙酸钠羧甲基化的棉花,蒲叶以及玉米芯。即柠檬酸羧基化纤维吸附性能优于氯乙酸钠羧甲基化纤维。
参见图3,可以看出,萃取后氟喹诺酮类化合物的色谱峰强度明显增高,说明柠檬酸羧基化的蒲叶对氟喹诺酮类有很强的萃取富集效果。
参见图4,可以看出,去除后氟喹诺酮类化合物的色谱峰强度显著降低,说明柠檬酸羧基化的蒲叶对氟喹诺酮类有很强的吸附去除效果。
Claims (9)
1.羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将纤维形态的生物源性纤维或非纤维形态的生物源性纤维粉碎后的粗粉采用碱处理,然后采用酸处理,得到预处理后的纤维;
将预处理后的纤维浸入到柠檬酸水溶液,加热至45℃~65℃反应18-30h,再升温至110℃~130℃反应0.5~2h,得到羧基修饰生物源性纤维;或
将预处理后的纤维浸入到含有NaOH的氯乙酸钠水溶液中,加热至40℃~70℃,反应1~3h,得到羧基修饰生物源性纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,非纤维形态的生物源性纤维粉碎后的粗粉粒径为350μm~850μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,非纤维形态的生物源性纤维为蒲叶、玉米芯、菖蒲绒纤维、丝瓜络、稻壳、甘蔗渣、大豆皮、小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆或稻草秸秆。
4.根据权利要求1所述的羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,纤维形态的生物源性纤维为棉花、梧桐絮或苎麻。
5.根据权利要求1所述的羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,预处理后的纤维具体通过以下过程得到:将纤维粗粉或纤维形态的生物源性纤维浸入到NaOH溶液中搅拌,然后浸入到盐酸中搅拌,得到预处理后的纤维。
6.根据权利要求5所述的羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,NaOH溶液与盐酸的浓度均为0.1~1.0mol/L。
7.根据权利要求1所述的羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,柠檬酸水溶液的浓度为0.1~1.0mol/L。
8.根据权利要求1所述的羧基修饰生物源性纤维的制备方法,其特征在于,含有NaOH的氯乙酸钠水溶液中氯乙酸钠水溶液的浓度为0.1~1.0mol/L,NaOH的质量浓度为1%-10%。
9.一种如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的方法得到的羧基修饰生物源性纤维在氟喹诺酮类污染物吸附萃取和去除领域中的应用。
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