CN113446006A - Open stope mining method for steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body - Google Patents
Open stope mining method for steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body Download PDFInfo
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- CN113446006A CN113446006A CN202110851083.5A CN202110851083A CN113446006A CN 113446006 A CN113446006 A CN 113446006A CN 202110851083 A CN202110851083 A CN 202110851083A CN 113446006 A CN113446006 A CN 113446006A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/14—Layout of tunnels or galleries; Constructional features of tunnels or galleries, not otherwise provided for, e.g. portals, day-light attenuation at tunnel openings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
Abstract
The invention discloses an open stope mining method of a steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body, which is characterized in that a stope is arranged along the trend of the ore body, a plurality of rock drilling roadways are arranged, the rock drilling roadways are arranged in parallel along the vein at equal intervals in the vertical height direction of the stope, a mining alignment well is arranged in the middle of the stope, the widths of the rock drilling roadways and the mining alignment well are consistent with the width of a mining amplitude of the stope, and a top column and a stud are reserved in the stope; and the rock drilling roadway and the mining pilot well are used as blasting free surfaces, so that the multi-free-surface blasting of ore bodies in the chamber and the whole collapse of the area are realized. By adopting the mining method, the mining operation is carried out in the rock drilling tunnel, the rock drilling tunnel has better stability, safety and reliability, the damage of caving of surrounding rock slopes of a stope can be avoided, the operation environment is improved, and the operation safety coefficient is improved; in addition, the rock drilling roadway and the mining pilot well are used as blasting free surfaces, the blasting area with multiple free surfaces is integrally collapsed, the whole stope is blasted at one time, and the production capacity of the stope is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining of steeply inclined ore bodies, in particular to an open stope mining method of steeply inclined vein-shaped ore bodies.
Background
The steeply inclined thin ore body is an ore body with an inclination angle larger than 55 degrees and a thickness of 0.8-4 m. The ore deposits occupy a certain proportion in black, colored, chemical, gold and other mines, and tungsten, tin and gold mines are more. At present, the shallow hole shrinkage method is one of the main mining methods for mining the ore vein in China. According to statistics, the mining method of tungsten mines and gold mines uses a shallow hole shrinkage method with the occupying ratio of more than 70 percent, and nonferrous metal underground mines with the occupying ratio of 38 percent.
The stoping process of the shallow hole shrinkage method is as follows:
the stope is arranged along the trend direction of the ore body, the length of the stope is 40-60m, the width of each intermediate column is 2-6m, the thickness of each top column is 2-3 m, and the height of each bottom column is 4-6 m.
The mining work mainly comprises a transport roadway, a forepoling, a pull-bottom roadway, a funnel neck and the like in the tunneling stage;
the cutting work is simple, and the bottom pulling roadway is taken as a free surface to form a bottom pulling space and avoid leakage.
The stoping work of the stope mainly comprises the following steps: rock drilling, blasting, ventilation, local ore drawing, roof prying and leveling, large-scale ore drawing and the like.
By adopting a shallow hole shrinkage method, the mechanization degree of rock drilling, charging and crushing is low in the whole stoping process, so that the labor intensity of workers is high, workers directly operate under the exposed surface of the blasted ore rock, the sides of the ore body and the surrounding rock of the top plate fall off, and the operation safety coefficient is low; in addition, limited by mining width, dip angle and operation space, the production capacity of the mining method is often determined by the capacity of rock drilling equipment and ore removal equipment, a hand-held rock drill is generally adopted for rock drilling in a shallow hole ore retention method, the ore is removed by self weight or a scraper, and the production capacity of a single stope is limited and is generally only 40-60 t/d.
Therefore, how to change the current situation that the mining operation safety coefficient of the steeply inclined thin ore body is low by adopting a shallow hole shrinkage method and the production capacity of a stope is low in the prior art becomes a problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an open stope mining method for a steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and improve the production capacity and the operation safety coefficient of a stope.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides an open stope mining method of a steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body, which is characterized in that a stope is arranged along the trend of the ore body, a plurality of rock drilling roadways are arranged, the rock drilling roadways are arranged in parallel along the vein at equal intervals in the vertical direction of the stope, a stope aligning well is arranged in the middle of the stope, the widths of the rock drilling roadways and the stope aligning well are consistent with the width of a stope, and a top column and a space column are reserved in the stope; and blasting the ore body by using the rock drilling roadway and the mining pilot shaft as blasting free surfaces, so that the whole ore rock in the chamber area is collapsed at one time.
Preferably, the method for open stoping of the steeply dipping vein-shaped ore body comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging an extravenal transportation gallery along the trend of an ore body;
step two, arranging a plurality of ore loading machine lanes along the direction vertical to the extravein transportation gallery; the bottom of the stope is provided with the rock drilling tunnel along the trend of the ore body, and the rock drilling tunnel is communicated with the ore loading machine channel;
thirdly, arranging the mining pilot well in the middle of the rock drilling roadway, and arranging an extravenal personnel equipment well in the extravenal transportation gallery in the direction away from the ore body;
fourthly, arranging a plurality of communication channels in the vertical direction of the stope, wherein the extravenal pedestrian equipment well is communicated with the mining standard well by utilizing the communication channels; constructing the rest of the rock drilling tunnels along the trend of the ore body, wherein the rest of the rock drilling tunnels are parallel and level to the connecting road;
constructing blast holes in the rock drilling roadway, wherein the blast holes are deep holes and do not uncover other projects;
charging powder into the blast holes, carrying out differential detonation from the middle position of the stope to two ends, taking the stope well as the center in the same rock drilling roadway, symmetrically arranging the detonator sections at two sides respectively, arranging the detonator sections between different rock drilling roadways identically, blasting by taking the rock drilling roadway and the stope well as a free surface, and caving the stope once;
and seventhly, after blasting is finished, carrying out ore removal operation on the ore loading machine way, and enabling the empty field to be self-stable through ore pillar support.
Preferably, the mining field length is 40-60m, the width of the middle column is 2-6m, and the thickness of the top column is 3-5 m.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the blast holes comprise parallel inclined holes and fan-shaped holes, the parallel inclined holes incline towards the direction close to the stoping well from bottom to top, the fan-shaped holes are located on one side close to the stud, the distance between the bottom of the blast holes and the rock drilling roadway or the top stud is 30-50cm, and the distance between the blast holes and the boundary of the stope is 10-30 cm.
Preferably, the included angle between the axis of the parallel inclined holes and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees, and at least two blast holes are arranged in each row.
Preferably, in step five, the blast holes are arranged in a quincunx shape or parallel blast holes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: the open stope mining method of the steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body comprises the steps of arranging a stope along the trend of the ore body, arranging a plurality of rock drilling roadways which are equidistantly arranged in parallel along the vein in the vertical height direction of the stope, arranging a mining alignment well in the middle of the stope, wherein the widths of the rock drilling roadways and the mining alignment well are consistent with the width of a mining amplitude of the stope, and reserving a top column and a space column in the stope; and blasting the ore body by using the rock drilling roadway and the mining pilot well as blasting free surfaces, so that the whole ore body in the blasting area is collapsed.
In the prior art, the stoping is carried out on a loose ore pile after local ore drawing, the ore caving height is 1.8-2m each time, the operation face facing the sky is easy to collapse due to blasting operation, the operation cycle is multiple, and the operation risk is large. By adopting the open stope mining method of the steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body, the mining operation is carried out in the rock drilling tunnel, the rock drilling tunnel has better stability, is safe and reliable, can avoid the falling accident of the surrounding rock rib, improves the operation environment and improves the operation safety coefficient; in addition, the rock drilling roadway and the mining pilot well are used as blasting free surfaces, the blasting area with multiple free surfaces is integrally collapsed, a large amount of ore is drawn at one time, and the production capacity of a stope is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the open stope mining method of steeply dipping veined ore bodies of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the direction B-B in fig. 1.
Wherein, 1 is an extravenal transportation gallery, 2 is an ore loading machine channel, 3 is a rock drilling gallery, 4 is a mining standard well, 5 is an extravenal personnel equipment well, 6 is a communication channel, 7 is a top column, 8 is a blast hole, 9 is a stud, 10 is a vein, and 11 is surrounding rock.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an open stope mining method for a steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art and improve the production capacity and the operation safety coefficient of a stope.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1-3, fig. 1 is a schematic view of the open stope mining method for steeply dipping vein-shaped ore body according to the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic view of fig. 1 taken along a-a, and fig. 3 is a schematic view of fig. 1 taken along B-B.
The invention provides an open stope mining method of a steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body, a stope is arranged along the trend of the ore body, a plurality of rock drilling tunnels 3 are arranged, the rock drilling tunnels 3 are arranged in parallel along the vein at equal intervals in the vertical direction of the stope, a stope pit 4 is arranged in the middle of the stope, the widths of the rock drilling tunnels 3 and the stope pit 4 are consistent with the width of the mining amplitude of the stope, a top pillar 7 and a space pillar 9 are reserved in the stope, referring to a figure 1 specifically, the space pillar 9 and the top pillar 7 can support surrounding rocks 11, the top pillar 7 is connected with the vein 10, and the space pillar 9 is matched with the top pillar 7, so that the operation safety is ensured; and blasting the ore body by using the rock drilling roadway 3 and the mining pilot well 4 as blasting free surfaces, so that the whole ore body in the blasting area is collapsed.
In the prior art, the stoping is carried out on a loose ore pile after local ore drawing, the ore caving height is 1.8-2m each time, the operation face facing the sky is easy to collapse due to blasting operation, the operation cycle is multiple, and the operation risk is large. By adopting the open stope mining method of the steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body, the mining operation is carried out in the rock drilling roadway 3, the rock drilling roadway 3 has better stability, is safe and reliable, can avoid the caving accident of the surrounding rock 11 rib, improves the operation environment and improves the operation safety coefficient; in addition, the rock drilling roadway 3 and the mining pilot well 4 are used as blasting free surfaces, the blasting area with multiple free surfaces is integrally collapsed, a large amount of ore is drawn at one time, the production capacity can reach 120-150 t/d, and the production capacity of a stope is greatly improved.
The method for open stope mining of steeply dipping vein-shaped ore body of the invention is further explained by the concrete operation process, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, constructing an extravenal transportation gallery 1 at a certain distance outside the vein along the trend of an ore body, wherein the number of the extravenal transportation gallery 1 is one, and the extravenal transportation gallery 1 is incorporated into a mining area transportation system;
secondly, starting from a direction perpendicular to the extravein transportation gallery 1, constructing a plurality of ore loading machine paths 2 into a stope, and taking out the ore from the stope, wherein the size of the ore loading machine paths 2 is required to meet the working requirement of equipment; then, constructing one rock drilling tunnel 3 at the bottom of the stope along the trend of the ore body, wherein the rock drilling tunnel 3 is communicated with each ore loading machine channel 2 and used as a rock drilling and blasting compensation space, and the width of the rock drilling tunnel 3 is the same as the mining width and is larger than the minimum working size requirement of the rock drilling equipment so as to ensure that the rock drilling equipment has enough working space;
thirdly, one mining standard well 4 is constructed in the middle of the rock drilling roadway 3 along the vein and is used as a blasting compensation space and a second channel of a stope, and the width of the mining standard well 4 is the same as that of the rock drilling roadway 3; meanwhile, one extra-vein pedestrian equipment well 5 is constructed in the direction of the extra-vein transportation gallery 1 far away from the ore body, and the size of the extra-vein pedestrian equipment well meets the requirement that equipment and pedestrians pass through the extra-vein transportation gallery;
fourthly, arranging a plurality of layered communication channels 6 in the vertical direction of the stope according to the height of the stope and the requirement of the blasting space, wherein the extravenal pedestrian equipment well 5 is communicated with the mining standard well 4 by the communication channels 6, and the size of the communication channels 6 meets the requirement that pedestrians and equipment pass; then, constructing other rock drilling roadways 3 along the trend of the ore body along the vein, and using the rock drilling roadways 3 as rock drilling and blasting compensation spaces, wherein the other rock drilling roadways 3 are parallel and level to the connecting channel 6;
completing the mining preparation construction work of the stope through the construction operations of the first step to the fourth step;
fifthly, constructing blast holes 8 in the rock drilling roadway 3 by taking the mining pilot shaft 4 as a symmetrical axis, wherein the blast holes 8 are deep holes, the blast holes 8 do not tear through other projects, the deep holes are constructed only at the last machine position, and all drilling is completed at one time;
and step six, charging powder in the blast holes 8, detonating for one time, and caving the stope once by taking the rock drilling roadway 3 and the mining pilot well 4 as free surfaces, wherein the blasting compensation space reaches 33.3%.
In the open stoping method of the steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body, a deep hole drilling machine is adopted for drilling, a medicine loader is charged by wind pressure, an ore loader or a scraper is adopted for ore removal in the construction process, the mechanical operation is realized, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, in addition, the whole multi-free-surface blasting area is collapsed, the production capacity can reach 120-150 t/d, and the production capacity of a stope is greatly improved.
In the specific embodiment, the length of the stope is 40-60m, the width of the stud 9 is 2-6m, and the thickness of the top pillar 7 is 3-5m, so that the sizes of the stud 9 and the top pillar 7 can be adjusted according to the actual situation of the stope in the actual mining process, and the flexible adaptability of the mining method is improved.
In addition, the blast hole 8 includes a parallel inclined hole and a fan-shaped hole, the parallel inclined hole is inclined from bottom to top toward the direction close to the preparation well 4, and the fan-shaped hole is located at one side close to the stud 9. In other embodiments of the invention, the included angle between the axis of the parallel inclined holes and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees, and at least two blast holes 8 are arranged in each row, so that the blasting is ensured to be smoothly carried out.
In other specific embodiments of the invention, the blast holes 8 can also be arranged as quincunx or parallel blast holes, in addition, the distance between the blast hole 8 and the previous rock drilling roadway 3 (or the top pillar 7) is 30-50cm, and the distance between the blast hole 8 and the stope boundary is 10-30cm, so that the operation safety coefficient is further improved.
Furthermore, after the blast holes 8 are charged, each row of blast holes 8 adopts differential blasting, two sides of the stoping and aligning well 4 are synchronously detonated, the ore drawing amount is large, and the production capacity of a stope is improved.
According to the open stope mining method for the steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body, the whole stoping work only comprises rock drilling, blasting and a large amount of ore drawing, compared with the traditional process, the work of ventilation, local ore drawing, top prying and leveling and the like after blasting is omitted, and the stoping process is simple and easy to manage; all operations are carried out in the rock drilling roadway 3, so that the operation safety condition is greatly improved; in addition, in the traditional method, a shallow hole rock drill is used for rock drilling, manual charging and funnel ore drawing, and the deep hole drilling machine is used for rock drilling, charging of a charging device, ore removal mechanical operation of a loading machine or a scraper, and the whole deep hole area is collapsed, so that the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the production capacity of a stope is greatly improved.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An open stope mining method of a steeply inclined vein-shaped ore body is characterized in that:
arranging a stope along the trend of an ore body, arranging a plurality of rock drilling tunnels, arranging the rock drilling tunnels in parallel at equal intervals along the vertical height direction of the stope, arranging a mining preparation well in the middle of the stope, wherein the widths of the rock drilling tunnels and the mining preparation well are consistent with the width of a mining width of the stope, and reserving a top column and a spacing column in the stope; and blasting the ore body by using the rock drilling roadway and the mining pilot shaft as blasting free surfaces, and finally realizing the integral caving of the regional ore body.
2. The method of open stoping a steeply dipping gangue-like ore body as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, arranging an extravenal transportation gallery along the trend of an ore body;
step two, arranging a plurality of ore loading machine lanes along the direction vertical to the extravein transportation gallery; the bottom of the stope is provided with the rock drilling tunnel along the trend of the ore body, and the rock drilling tunnel is communicated with the ore loading machine channel;
thirdly, arranging the mining pilot well in the middle of the rock drilling roadway, and arranging an extravenal personnel equipment well in the extravenal transportation gallery in the direction away from the ore body;
fourthly, arranging a plurality of communication channels in the vertical direction of the stope, wherein the extravenal pedestrian equipment well is communicated with the mining standard well by utilizing the communication channels; constructing the rest of the rock drilling tunnels along the trend of the ore body, wherein the rest of the rock drilling tunnels are parallel and level to the connecting road;
constructing blast holes in the rock drilling roadway, wherein the blast holes are deep holes and do not uncover other projects;
charging powder into the blast holes, carrying out differential detonation from the middle position of the stope to two ends, taking the stope well as the center in the same rock drilling roadway, symmetrically arranging the detonator sections at two sides respectively, arranging the detonator sections between different rock drilling roadways identically, blasting by taking the rock drilling roadway and the stope well as a free surface, and caving the stope once;
and seventhly, after blasting is finished, carrying out ore removal operation on the ore loading machine way, and enabling the empty field to be self-stable through ore pillar support.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the mining field is 40-60m long, the width of the middle column is 2-6m, and the thickness of the top column is 3-5 m.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises: and fifthly, the blast holes comprise parallel inclined holes and sector holes, the parallel inclined holes incline towards the direction close to the stoping well from bottom to top, the sector holes are positioned at one side close to the stud, the distance between the bottoms of the blast holes and the rock drilling roadway or the top pillar is 30-50cm, and the distance between the blast holes and the boundary of the stope is 10-30 cm.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises: the included angle between the axis of the parallel inclined holes and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees, and at least two blast holes are arranged in each row.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises: and fifthly, setting the blast holes to be quincunx or parallel.
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| CN202110851083.5A CN113446006B (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2021-07-27 | Open stope mining method for steep vein-like ore body |
| PCT/CN2021/132109 WO2023005072A1 (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-22 | Open stope mining method for steeply inclined veined ore body |
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| CN202110851083.5A CN113446006B (en) | 2021-07-27 | 2021-07-27 | Open stope mining method for steep vein-like ore body |
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| CN114812313A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-29 | 河北钢铁集团矿业有限公司 | Application of blasting slot-drawing method in metal mine underground stope |
| CN115095325A (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-09-23 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Thin ore body mining method |
| WO2023005072A1 (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-02-02 | 赣州有色冶金研究所有限公司 | Open stope mining method for steeply inclined veined ore body |
| CN115680663A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-02-03 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Mining method for steeply-inclined broken ore body |
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| CN115095325B (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2022-11-29 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Thin ore body mining method |
| CN115680663A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-02-03 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Mining method for steeply-inclined broken ore body |
| CN115680663B (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-02-28 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Mining method for steeply-inclined broken ore body |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN113446006B (en) | 2023-08-18 |
| WO2023005072A1 (en) | 2023-02-02 |
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