CN111577284A - Method for converting empty field method into caving method - Google Patents
Method for converting empty field method into caving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111577284A CN111577284A CN202010447566.4A CN202010447566A CN111577284A CN 111577284 A CN111577284 A CN 111577284A CN 202010447566 A CN202010447566 A CN 202010447566A CN 111577284 A CN111577284 A CN 111577284A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for converting an empty field method into a caving method, which is suitable for mining intensive ore veins with deep ore body burial, a large number of complex mined empty area groups left on the upper part, obvious ground pressure, the upper part far away from the ground surface and incapability of releasing the ground pressure in a skylight form to achieve safe stoping.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground mining, in particular to a method for converting an open stope method into a caving method.
Background
The mining method for underground mining ore deposit mainly comprises three main types of open stope method, filling method and caving method, and each main type of mining method can be subdivided into a plurality of specific mining methods. One or two methods are usually adopted for mining underground ore deposit in a mine, and the selection of the mining method is determined according to the technical and economic conditions of ore body mining. Gannan tungsten mine deposit belongs to the quartz vein tungsten mine type, and is basically mined by a shrinkage method and a chamber method, both of which belong to an open field method. The mining time is dozens of years, only a few stopes are mined for a long time and then are subjected to dry filling, and most of the stopes are used as permanent empty areas to form upper and lower multi-middle-section complex empty area groups. As the mining depth is increased, the ground pressure activity is accompanied, and if the ground pressure activity is not processed in time or the control method is improper, the ground pressure activity can be developed into regional ground pressure activity, which brings serious threat to safety production. Along with the deep extension of mining, the mining method is influenced by special geological conditions such as dense veins, structural development and the like, for example: the shape of the vein is complex, the vein presents close pinchoff side appearance and pinchoff reappearance or branch connection, and the vein branches are complex and involved and crossed frequently. If a plurality of main veins are mined by adopting an ore-reserving method, the exposed area of the roof of the stope is large, and great potential safety hazards exist. In addition, the method has the defects of low recovery rate and large resource loss in intensive sections of the ore veins. If the vein belt is mined by a chamber method, although the vein belt has certain advantages, the exposed area of the top plate after mining is large, namely, the dead zone is large, the ground pressure is obvious, and the potential safety hazard is large. Both of these methods require the use of permanent roof posts, which results in a loss of resources.
In order to fully utilize non-renewable national strategic resources, control ground pressure, ensure safe production, improve stope productivity and ore recovery rate and reduce mining production cost, the problems need to be solved. At present, a small part of tungsten mine ore bodies are closer to the ground surface, and a skylight is formed by caving the upper ore bodies, namely, a large amount of loose ore is arranged from the upper part to the ground surface when the lower ore bodies are mined. After the lower ore block is mined by adopting a room method, the aim of controlling the ground pressure is fulfilled by caving the top pillar to the goaf of the room to recover the pillar and release the ground pressure. In addition, many mines have ore bodies far away from the ground surface, and the 'skylight opening' mode cannot be adopted when the mines are buried deeply.
Therefore, how to change the current situation that the underground mining deposit ground pressure control is difficult and the ore recovery rate is low in the prior art becomes a problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for converting an empty field method into a caving method, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, ensure that a goaf at the upper part of an ore deposit can be safely isolated, realize ground pressure control, safely recover ores and improve the ore recovery rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a method for converting an empty field method into a caving method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, covering the manufacturing of the cushion pad layer
Calculating the total quantity of the required rock burst, and defining the blasting boundaries of the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower trays, including the middle partition wall, and enhancing the management of the subsidence area;
step two, adopting a sectional rock drilling extrusion blasting mode to recover ores
And (3) performing sectional rock drilling, wherein the stope blasting adopts an extrusion blasting mode, stope ore removal is performed under the overburden rock layer, and the site monitoring of the mining area ground pressure is enhanced.
Preferably, in the first step, the total amount of the required rock burst is calculated by the 20% blasting compensation coefficient, and the blasting boundary of the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks, including the intermediate partition wall, is defined.
Preferably, in the first step, a stope partition wall is drilled with a rock drill to form a fan-shaped medium-length hole, the hole diameter is 60mm, the maximum hole depth is 15m, the row spacing is 1.2m, and the hole bottom spacing is 2 m; a pneumatic rock drill is adopted to drill shallow holes on the bottom column, the hole diameter is 42mm, the hole depth is 1-1.5m, the row spacing is 0.6m, and the hole spacing is 1 m; and the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower trays are drilled with fan-shaped medium-length holes by adopting a down-the-hole drilling machine, the hole diameter is 100mm, the maximum hole depth is 30m, the row spacing is 1.5m, and the hole bottom spacing is 3 m.
Preferably, in the first step, the blasting initiation adopts a detonating tube and detonating cord compound network, the differential staged blasting is initiated by one time, the explosives filled in the medium-length hole are porous granular viscous ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, the explosive loader is used for charging, the emulsion explosive cartridge is used for shallow holes, and the manual explosive charging is carried out.
Preferably, in the step one, the covering cushion layer is built by the stope sandwich wall and the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks of the caving stope in the upper and middle open stopes method.
Preferably, in the first step, the management of the collapse area is strengthened, the collapse and the collapse of the upper middle section rock mass are actively induced and controlled, and meanwhile, safety measures are taken from three aspects: closing the channel leading to the goaf, namely plugging all roadways leading to the goaf with collapse possibility; dredging a pressure relief channel, dredging a connecting channel between an upper area of a stope and a middle section return air channel, cleaning obstacles along a roadway and ensuring the smoothness of the pressure relief channel; and (3) ensuring that the height of the reserved covering cushion layer is more than 20m, using the reserved covering cushion layer as a stope protection cushion layer, monitoring through ground pressure, if the upper residual sandwich wall is found not to be slowly supplemented with the cushion layer in time, actively drilling deep holes in the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower walls, carrying out forced blasting, supplementing the cushion layer, eliminating a dead zone, and removing the potential safety hazard of generating rock burst.
Preferably, in the second step, the rock drilling is carried out in sections, the middle section is 50m high, the bottom structure of the scraper way ore removal is adopted, three rock drilling layered roadways are adopted, the bottom column is 16m high, the section is 11-12m high, the rock drilling machine drills fan-shaped medium-length holes, the hole diameter is 60mm, the row spacing is 1.1-1.2m, the hole bottom spacing is 2m, and the hole depth is not more than 15 m.
Preferably, in the second step, the stope blasting adopts an extrusion blasting mode, ore caving step distances are 5-10 rows, the ratio of the ore caving step distances to the mining amplitude is not more than 0.8, and the first two rows adopt a reinforced row form; the explosive type is porous granular sticky ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and is charged by a pneumatic charging machine; laying a detonating bullet at the bottom of the hole, and detonating the detonating fuse and the detonating tube in a double-network way; the initiating bomb adopts a field manual manufacturing mode, and 2# rock emulsion explosive cartridge is used for unpacking and filling; the initiation sequence is that the long-time delay non-electric initiation detonator is initiated, the detonating cord and the detonating tube are propagated and detonated, the detonating tube detonator is initiated, the same detonator section is adopted by the reinforcing row, and different sections are arranged in other rows in an increasing mode.
Preferably, the ratio of ore caving step distance to mining amplitude is 0.5-0.6.
Preferably, in the second step, ore is removed from a stope, ore is removed under an overburden rock stratum, ore is drawn according to the technical requirements after ventilation and safety inspection, the blasted ore pile is loosened, a compensation space is provided for next extrusion blasting, and the stope adopts a scraper for ore removal; and step two, managing the ground pressure, namely arranging a stress meter, a geophone, a total station observation point, a wood slide ruler, a blasting vibration meter point and a multi-channel microseismic monitoring system in surrounding rocks, ore pillar rocks and roadways of the stope, monitoring the ground pressure of the stope in time, collecting analysis data and guiding the stope to produce safely.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: the invention relates to a method for converting an empty field method into a caving method, which is suitable for mining intensive ore veins with deep ore body burial depth, a large number of complex mined empty area groups left on the upper part, obvious ground pressure, the upper part far away from the ground surface and incapability of releasing the ground pressure in a skylight form to achieve safe stoping.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cover cushion configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a staged rock drilling compression blasting mining of ore in an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1 is a covering cushion layer, 2 is a fan-shaped medium-length hole, 3 is a goaf, and 4 is a scraper path.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a method for converting an empty field method into a caving method, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art, ensure that a goaf at the upper part of an ore deposit can be safely isolated, realize ground pressure control, safely recover ores and improve the ore recovery rate.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1-2, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a covering cushion layer installation according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sectional rock drilling, extrusion blasting and ore recovery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for converting an empty field method into a caving method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, covering the buffer cushion layer 1
Calculating the total quantity of the required rock burst, and defining the blasting boundaries of the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower trays, including the middle partition wall, and enhancing the management of the subsidence area;
step two, adopting a sectional rock drilling extrusion blasting mode to recover ores
And (3) performing sectional rock drilling, wherein the stope blasting adopts an extrusion blasting mode, stope ore removal is performed under the overburden rock layer, and the site monitoring of the mining area ground pressure is enhanced.
The invention relates to a method for converting an empty field method into a caving method, which is suitable for mining the intensive ore vein which is buried deep in an ore body, has a large number of complex goafs 3 groups left on the upper part, has obvious ground pressure, has the upper part far away from the ground surface and can not release the ground pressure in a skylight form to achieve safe stoping.
Wherein, the total amount of the required rock burst is calculated by the 20 percent of the burst compensation coefficient, and the burst boundary of the surrounding rock of the upper and lower disks, including the intermediate partition wall, is defined.
In addition, a stope partition wall adopts a rock drill to drill a fan-shaped medium-length hole 2, the aperture is 60mm, the maximum hole depth is 15m, the row spacing is 1.2m, and the hole bottom spacing is 2 m; a pneumatic rock drill is adopted to drill shallow holes on the bottom column, the hole diameter is 42mm, the hole depth is 1-1.5m, the row spacing is 0.6m, and the hole spacing is 1 m; and the surrounding rock of the upper and lower trays is drilled with a down-the-hole drill to form a fan-shaped medium-length hole 2, the hole diameter is 100mm, the maximum hole depth is 30m, the row spacing is 1.5m, and the hole bottom spacing is 3 m.
Specifically, the blasting initiation adopts a detonating tube and detonating cord compound network, the differential subsection blasting is initiated at one time, the explosive filled in the medium-length hole is porous granular viscous ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, the explosive is filled in a charging device, the emulsion explosive is used for rolling the explosive in the shallow hole, and the explosive is manually filled.
It should be noted that the covering cushion layer 1 is built by the stope sandwich wall and the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks by the caving stope upper and middle open stope method.
More specifically, strengthen the district's management of caving in, initiatively induce control upper portion middle section rock mass and fall, cave in, take safety measure from three aspects simultaneously: closing the channel leading to the goaf 3, namely plugging all roadways leading to the goaf 3 with collapse possibility; dredging a pressure relief channel, dredging a connecting channel between an upper area of a stope and a middle section return air channel, cleaning obstacles along a roadway and ensuring the smoothness of the pressure relief channel; the reserved covering cushion layer 1 is ensured to be more than 20m in height and serves as a stope protecting cushion layer, through ground pressure monitoring, if the cushion layer is not slowly and timely supplemented by the residual sandwich wall on the upper portion, deep holes are actively drilled in the surrounding rocks on the upper and lower walls, forced blasting is carried out, the cushion layer is supplemented, the dead zone is eliminated, and the potential safety hazard of generating rock burst is eliminated.
Further, the rock drilling is carried out in sections, the middle section is 50m high, a bottom structure of ore removal of a scraper way 4 is adopted, three rock drilling layered roadways are adopted, the height of a bottom column is 16m, the section height is 11-12m, a rock drilling machine drills a fan-shaped medium-length hole 2, the hole diameter is 60mm, the row spacing is 1.1-1.2m, the hole bottom spacing is 2m, and the hole depth is not more than 15 m.
Meanwhile, the stope blasting adopts an extrusion blasting mode, ore caving step distances are 5-10 rows, the ratio of the ore caving step distances to the mining amplitude cannot exceed 0.8, preferably 0.5-0.6, and the first two rows adopt a reinforced row form; the explosive type is porous granular sticky ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and is charged by a pneumatic charging machine; laying a detonating bullet at the bottom of the hole, and detonating the detonating fuse and the detonating tube in a double-network way; the initiating bomb adopts a field manual manufacturing mode, and 2# rock emulsion explosive cartridge is used for unpacking and filling; the initiation sequence is that the long-time delay non-electric initiation detonator is initiated, the detonating cord and the detonating tube are propagated and detonated, the detonating tube detonator is initiated, the same detonator section is adopted by the reinforcing row, and different sections are arranged in other rows in an increasing mode.
Furthermore, ore is removed from a stope, ore is removed under a covering rock stratum, ore is drawn according to the technical requirements after ventilation and safety inspection, the ore heap after explosion is loosened, a compensation space is provided for next extrusion explosion, and the stope adopts a scraper for ore removal.
The method is characterized in that ground pressure management is realized by arranging a stress meter, a geophone, a total station observation point, a wood slide ruler, a blasting vibration meter point and a multi-channel microseismic monitoring system in surrounding rocks, ore pillar rocks and roadways of a stope, monitoring the ground pressure of a stope in time, collecting analysis data and guiding the safety production of the stope.
The method of the present invention for converting from the open field method to the caving method is further explained below by means of specific examples.
Taking a mine with the production scale of 28 ten thousand tons/year as an example, 9 middle sections are developed in the south group of the mining area, wherein five middle sections of 500m, 450m, 400m, 337m and 286m are mined, most ore bodies in the middle sections of 236m and 186m are also mined, the main production middle sections are 136m and 86m, and 86m are also developed. For historical reasons, mining for civil gallery above 500m is finished, a large amount of goaf 3 exists, and a large amount of goaf is formed in the middle section of 337m-500 m. Some stopes below 337m are filled with waste rocks, and the total amount of the whole south group of the gob 3 is more than 40 ten thousand m3The gob 3 is relatively continuous and complex in shape. The mining area is the mountain valley landform, the mountain height and the slope are steep, and the elevation point of the duck brain is 818 m. In the south group of the mining area, the ore body has a typical phenomenon of five floors, and in the upper part of the ore body, the fine vein zone has a plurality of ore bodies, small vein amplitude, large vein spacing, and small vein inclusion rate and density. As the ore body goes deeper, the veins merge gradually into several main veins (V205, V206, V207), the number of the ore body decreases, the intervals between the veins become smaller gradually, and then the veins become large vein zones downwards. The pulse belt of the south group has the birth form of 70-80 degrees, inclines to the north, and has the inclination angle of 75-85 degrees. The main pulse width of the V204, V205, V206 and V207 in the middle section 136 is up to more than ten meters. The stope is arranged between 15m east of 103-east auxiliary crossing and 25 m west of 103-west auxiliary crossing in the middle part of 136m, and the length of the ore block is 140 m. The upper plate delimiting line of the block is V204 and the lower plate delimiting line is V208. Corresponding to the middle section 186 above the stopeWhen two mined stopes are arranged side by side, the average thickness of the partition wall is 4.5m, the ore vein is mined by a shallow hole shrinkage method originally, the mining amplitude is generally 1.2-2.0m, and dry filling is not carried out after ore drawing.
The method for converting an empty field method to a caving method in the embodiment includes:
1. covering the cushion layer 1.
And calculating the total amount of the required rock burst by using the 20% blasting compensation coefficient according to the height requirement of the 1-bit dispersion body 20m of the covering cushion layer, and encircling the blasting boundary of the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks including the intermediate partition wall. The stope partition wall adopts an YGZ90 type rock drill to drill a fan-shaped medium-length hole 2, the aperture is 60mm, the maximum hole depth is 15m, the row spacing is 1.2m, and the hole bottom spacing is 2 m; the bottom pillar adopts a YSP-45 pneumatic rock drill to drill shallow holes with the aperture of 42mm, the hole depth of 1-1.5m, the row spacing of 0.6m and the hole spacing of 1 m; and the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower walls are drilled with fan-shaped medium-length holes 2 by a KQJ-100B down-the-hole drilling machine, the hole diameter is 100mm, the maximum hole depth is 30m, the row spacing is 1.5m, and the hole bottom spacing is 3 m. The initiation method adopts a detonating tube and detonating cord compound network, the explosive filled in the medium-length hole is porous granular viscous ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, the explosive is filled in a charging device, the explosive is rolled by emulsion explosive in a shallow hole, and the explosive is manually filled.
The covering cushion layer 1 is built by caving 186 middle section open stope method stope sandwich walls and upper and lower tray surrounding rocks, and the upper middle section is a dense goaf 3. When the stope is used for ore drawing, the cushion layer can move downwards, if the residual wall or surrounding rocks of the upper and lower trays cannot slowly step, the cushion layer is supplemented, and the dead zone is larger and larger, the possibility of falling is generated, and impact air waves are caused. Therefore, the management of the subsidence area needs to be strengthened, and the collapse and subsidence of the upper middle rock mass are actively induced and controlled by adopting related safety technologies. Three main safety technical measures are taken: closing the channel leading to the goaf 3, namely actively plugging all roadways leading to the goaf 3 with collapse possibility; dredging the pressure relief channel, dredging a connecting channel between the upper area of the stope and a middle air return channel, cleaning obstacles along the roadway and keeping the pressure relief channel smooth; the height of the reserved covering cushion layer 1 is ensured to be more than 20m, the reserved covering cushion layer is used as a stope protecting cushion layer, through ground pressure monitoring, if the cushion layer is not slowly and timely supplemented by the residual sandwich wall on the upper portion, the cushion layer is actively drilled in the medium-length hole in the surrounding rock of the upper and lower walls to carry out forced blasting, the cushion layer is supplemented, the dead zone is eliminated, and the potential safety hazard of generating rock burst is eliminated, which is the key point of the technology.
2. A caving method for mining ore by a sectional rock drilling extrusion blasting method.
(1) And (3) segmental rock drilling: the middle section is 50m high, a bottom structure of ore removal of the scraper way 4 is adopted, three rock drilling layered roadways are adopted, the bottom column is 16m high, the sectional height is 11-12m, a fan-shaped medium-length hole 2 is drilled by an YGZ90 rock drill, the hole diameter is 60mm, the row spacing is 1.1-1.2m, the hole bottom spacing is 2m, and the hole depth is not more than 15m generally.
(2) Charging and blasting: the stope blasting adopts an extrusion blasting mode, ore caving step distances are arranged in 5 rows to 10 rows, the ratio of the ore caving step distances to the mining amplitude is not more than 0.8, preferably 0.5 to 0.6, and the first two rows adopt a reinforced row form. The explosive type is porous granular sticky ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and is charged by a BQF-100 type pneumatic charging machine. And (4) laying a detonating bullet at the bottom of the hole, and detonating the detonating fuse and the detonating tube in a double-network way. The initiating bomb is made manually on site, and is unpacked and filled with 2# rock emulsion explosive cartridge. The initiation sequence is that the long-time delay non-electric initiation detonator is initiated, the detonating cord and the detonating tube are propagated and detonated, the detonating tube detonator (millisecond tube) is initiated, the same detonator section is adopted by the reinforcing row, and different sections are arranged in other rows in an increasing mode.
(3) Ore removal in a stope: ore removal by the caving method is ore removal under the covering cushion layer 1 and is a key process. Stope blasting belongs to extrusion blasting, ore drawing is strictly carried out according to technical requirements after ventilation and security inspection, the aim is to loosen an exploded ore heap and provide a compensation space for next extrusion blasting, and the stope adopts a scraper to draw out ore.
(4) Managing the ground pressure: the ground pressure management is a very critical work, and the enhancement of the site monitoring of the mining area ground pressure is an important work for the control of the mining area ground pressure. The ground pressure on-site monitoring means is that a stress meter, a geophone, a total station observation point, a wood slide ruler, a blasting vibration meter point, a multi-channel microseismic monitoring system and the like are arranged in surrounding rocks, ore pillar rocks and a roadway of a stope, so that the stope ground pressure is monitored in time, and data is collected and analyzed to guide the safety production of the stope.
The method is suitable for stoping the upper middle section by adopting an empty field method, and is converted into a caving method when the current requirement is met. Particularly, the Gannan tungsten mine has large occurrence depth and is far away from the ground surface, a skylight cannot be opened, and the covering buffer cushion layer 1 is built to safely isolate the old goaf group with complex upper part so as to realize ground pressure control and management, safely and efficiently recover ores, improve the production capacity of ore blocks and the recovery rate of the ores, reduce the mining cost of the ores and improve the economic benefits of enterprises.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for converting an empty field method into a caving method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, covering the manufacturing of the cushion pad layer
Calculating the total quantity of the required rock burst, and defining the blasting boundaries of the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower trays, including the middle partition wall, and enhancing the management of the subsidence area;
step two, adopting a sectional rock drilling extrusion blasting mode to recover ores
And (3) performing sectional rock drilling, wherein the stope blasting adopts an extrusion blasting mode, stope ore removal is performed under the overburden rock layer, and the site monitoring of the mining area ground pressure is enhanced.
2. The method for converting an open field method into a caving method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the total amount of the required rock burst is calculated according to 20% of the burst compensation coefficient, and the burst boundary of the surrounding rock of the upper and lower disks, including the intermediate partition wall, is defined.
3. The method for converting an open field method into a caving method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, a stope partition wall is drilled with a rock drill to form a fan-shaped medium-length hole, the hole diameter is 60mm, the maximum hole depth is 15m, the row spacing is 1.2m, and the hole bottom spacing is 2 m; a pneumatic rock drill is adopted to drill shallow holes on the bottom column, the hole diameter is 42mm, the hole depth is 1-1.5m, the row spacing is 0.6m, and the hole spacing is 1 m; and the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower trays are drilled with fan-shaped medium-length holes by adopting a down-the-hole drilling machine, the hole diameter is 100mm, the maximum hole depth is 30m, the row spacing is 1.5m, and the hole bottom spacing is 3 m.
4. The method for converting an open field method into a caving method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, blasting initiation adopts a detonating tube and detonating cord compound network, one-time initiation differential sectional blasting is carried out, explosives contained in medium-length holes are porous granular viscous ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, a explosive loader is used for loading the explosives, emulsion explosive cartridges are used for shallow holes, and manual explosive loading is carried out.
5. The method for converting an open field method into a caving method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the covering cushion layer is built by the stope sandwich wall and the upper and lower wall surrounding rocks of the caving stope in the upper and middle open stopes.
6. The method for converting an open field method into a caving method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the management of a subsidence area is strengthened, the upper middle rock mass is actively induced and controlled to fall and subside, and meanwhile, safety measures are taken from three aspects: closing the channel leading to the goaf, namely plugging all roadways leading to the goaf with collapse possibility; dredging a pressure relief channel, dredging a connecting channel between an upper area of a stope and a middle section return air channel, cleaning obstacles along a roadway and ensuring the smoothness of the pressure relief channel; and (3) ensuring that the height of the reserved covering cushion layer is more than 20m, using the reserved covering cushion layer as a stope protection cushion layer, monitoring through ground pressure, if the upper residual sandwich wall is found not to be slowly supplemented with the cushion layer in time, actively drilling deep holes in the surrounding rocks of the upper and lower walls, carrying out forced blasting, supplementing the cushion layer, eliminating a dead zone, and removing the potential safety hazard of generating rock burst.
7. The method for converting an open field method into a caving method according to claim 1, wherein: and step two, performing sectional rock drilling, wherein the middle section is 50m high, a bottom structure of scraper way ore removal is adopted, three rock drilling layered roadways are adopted, the height of a bottom column is 16m, the sectional height is 11-12m, a rock drilling machine drills a fan-shaped medium-length hole, the hole diameter is 60mm, the row spacing is 1.1-1.2m, the hole bottom spacing is 2m, and the hole depth is not more than 15 m.
8. The method for converting an open field method into a caving method according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the stope blasting adopts an extrusion blasting mode, ore caving step distances are 5-10 rows, the ratio of the ore caving step distances to the mining amplitude is not more than 0.8, and the first two rows adopt a reinforced row form; the explosive type is porous granular sticky ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and is charged by a pneumatic charging machine; laying a detonating bullet at the bottom of the hole, and detonating the detonating fuse and the detonating tube in a double-network way; the initiating bomb adopts a field manual manufacturing mode, and 2# rock emulsion explosive cartridge is used for unpacking and filling; the initiation sequence is that the long-time delay non-electric initiation detonator is initiated, the detonating cord and the detonating tube are propagated and detonated, the detonating tube detonator is initiated, the same detonator section is adopted by the reinforcing row, and different sections are arranged in other rows in an increasing mode.
9. The method for converting an open field method into a caving method according to claim 8, wherein: the ratio of ore caving step distance to mining amplitude is 0.5-0.6.
10. The method for converting an open field method into a caving method according to claim 1, wherein: ore removal is carried out in a stope, ore removal is carried out under a covering rock stratum, ore removal is carried out according to the technical requirements after ventilation and safety inspection, the blasted ore heap is loosened, a compensation space is provided for next extrusion blasting, and ore removal is carried out in the stope by using a scraper; and step two, managing the ground pressure, namely arranging a stress meter, a geophone, a total station observation point, a wood slide ruler, a blasting vibration meter point and a multi-channel microseismic monitoring system in surrounding rocks, ore pillar rocks and roadways of the stope, monitoring the ground pressure of the stope in time, collecting analysis data and guiding the stope to produce safely.
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