RU2632615C1 - Method for development of inclined ore bodies of medium width - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method for inclined ore bodies development of medium width, including the division of ore body into sublevels, advancing trenching and delivery drifts along the hanging wall in the sublevel, loading inclines therebetween, mining sublevel reserves with stopes located along the strike of the ore body and consisting of stope and intermediate pillar (IMP), then stope reserves blasting and aerial ore drawing, then IMP blasting to mined out stope area and the output of the IMP ore under collapsed rocks from the same loading inclines. Once headings are developed and stope reserves are drilled in the trench drift between loading inclines, the rock "crests" are formed of heading development rock, then stope reserves are mined out onto formed "crests". The stope extraction is performed with increased width due to formed compliant IMP of trapezoidal shape by reducing the width of the upper part of the rectangular IMP. After mass blasting of trapezoidal IMP combined drawing of ore is performed to the mined out stope under the collapsed rocks. First of all, aerial drawing of ore is made from loading inclines of stope trench sill, and then additional end-drawing of ore performed layer-by-layer remaining on foot wall, in IMP place, from the delivery drift by means of blasting the "brow" pillar with the subsequent drawing of blasted rock and ore contained therein.

EFFECT: reduction of ore losses.

7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to underground mining of ores and can be used in the development of valuable ores of inclined (20-40 °) average power (5-20 m) of ore bodies.

A known method of developing inclined ore bodies of medium power [1], including dividing the ore body in height into sub-floors with leaving tape sub-floor pillars (PEC) between them, dividing each sub-floor along the strike of the ore body into treatment chambers and inter-chamber pillars (MCC), sub-level horizon in the rocks of the lying side of the delivery and trench drifts, loading gates between them, two-stage mining of chambers oriented to the fall of the ore body, at the first stage, the extraction of reserves of the lower part of the chamber about the strike of the ore body with the simultaneous formation of the exhaust trench in the rocks of the lying side, at the second stage, the extraction of the main reserves of the upper part of the chamber with the moving of the bottom face by the uprising of the ore body by breaking them in layers with inclined fans of the wells drilled from loading ramps, ore delivery by explosion force to the outlet trench and release of broken ore from the trench through loading ramps using self-propelled loading and delivery vehicles (PDM).

The method is characterized by high ore losses in non-recoverable pillars (PEC and MCC) (with a chamber width of 10-15 m and pillars 3-5 m up to 30% of the redeemable balance reserves of the chamber [2]).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a method of mining inclined ore bodies of medium power by a chamber development system with the subsequent collapse of pillars (see Fig. 24) [3], including the separation of the ore body in height on floors, holding on the horizon and delivery of a trench and delivery drift, loading runs and on the drilling horizon of an ore and field drift for drilling, respectively, of the reserves of the chamber and the MCC, mining of sub-floors with blocks consisting of about a clean chamber and MCC oriented along the strike of the ore body, a two-stage extraction of block reserves, at the first stage, mining of the chamber’s reserves with areal ore release from open space using self-propelled guns, and at the second stage, a massive collapse of the MCC onto the mined chamber by drilling MCC from a field drift of the drilling horizon, loading and blasting explosive charges of fan wells and the release of MCC reserves under collapsed rocks through loading arrivals using the PM.

The method has the following disadvantages:

1. When excavating chamber reserves between loading races, “ridges” of broken ore are formed. For ore bodies of medium thickness (5-20 m), the relative magnitude of such losses is high. With a decrease in ore body power, the relative loss of broken ore in the "ridges" between loading races proportionally increases.

2. It is known that when ore is released under collapsed rocks, the completeness of ore output is determined by the volume of the release figure above the outlet openings, which in turn depends on the height of the beaten layer of the ore being released. As a result of this, when mining the MCC, a significant part of the broken ore remains on the lying side and is lost. Practice shows that the extraction of pillar stocks under collapsed rocks is associated with large losses (up to 50-60%) and high dilution (20-30%).

3. It is obvious that the larger the volume of the treatment chamber and the smaller the volume of the MCC extracted under the collapsed rocks, the better the extraction performance for the block (chamber + MCC). With the deterioration of geological and mining conditions, the width of the chamber is reduced, and the MCC is increased to ensure safe mining of the block (chamber + MCC), which leads to a decrease in the share of reserves of the chamber and an increase in the share of reserves of MCC in the total volume of the block and to a deterioration in the ore extraction rate for the block .

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the loss of beaten valuable ore during the excavation of the chamber and pillar during the development of inclined ore bodies of medium power.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of developing inclined ore bodies of medium power, which includes dividing the ore body into sub-floors, releasing trench and delivery drifts, loading rides between them in the lying side on the sub-floor horizon, mining the sub-floors with clean blocks, two-stage excavation of stocks of blocks, consisting of a treatment chamber and the MCC and located along the strike of the ore body, at the first stage, the extraction of chamber reserves with the areal release of ore from the loading races PDM, leaving time MCC and at the second stage - the mass collapse of the MCC and the areal ore output under the collapsed rocks from the same loading races, after conducting a trench drift and drilling chamber reserves in a trench drift between loading races, bulk rock formations (rock "ridges") are formed, then the formed pedigree “ridges” beat off the chamber’s reserves, the recess of the chamber is carried out with an increased width due to the design of a compliant MSC of trapezoidal shape by reducing the width of the upper part of the rectangular MCC, after mass oyki MCC to produce a combined waste chamber under the release of ore caving - areal release and a socket dovypuska ores, ore remaining in the footwall of the MCC in place, the release socket is carried out by the delivery drift layered rock maturity tselika- "visor".

The formation of bulk from waste rock (rock "ridges") in a trench drift between loading races virtually eliminates the formation of "ridges" from the beaten ore, which significantly reduces the loss of ore in the bottom of the chamber when releasing chamber reserves.

The extraction of the chamber is carried out with an increased width due to the design of a compliant MSC of a trapezoidal shape by reducing the width of the upper part of the rectangular MCC, which allows to increase the reserves of the chamber and reduce the MCC, and thus improve the ore extraction performance in the block. The use of the non-traditional trapezoidal shape of the MCC makes it possible to reduce its volume (by reducing the width of the upper base of the pillar) in comparison with the traditional rectangular shape of the pillar by almost 2 times, provides it with flexibility and thereby reducing stresses in the structural elements of the development system (in the roof of the chamber and in MCC itself), which contributes to a significant increase in the width of the treatment chamber. At the same time, the MCC performs the role of a barrier, preventing the penetration of collapsed rock from the worked-out space of the overlying chamber into the treatment space of the worked-out chamber. The use of a compliant trapezoidal MCC increases the safety of mining operations and reduces the level of ore losses in the block.

The combined release of collapsed ore by the MCC, including the areal release of ore thrown by the explosion to the outlet of the trench bottom of the chamber, and the face extraction of the ore remaining on the recumbent side, in place of the MCC, from the delivery drift by layer-by-layer repayment of the rock peak - peak, which provides significant reduction of ore losses during excavation of MCC stocks under collapsed rocks.

The essence of the proposed method is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 - cross section across the strike of the ore body - a diagram of the preparation of the block and the drilling of the chamber;

FIG. 2 is a vertical section AA in FIG. 1 along the strike of the ore body is a diagram of the breaking and release of ore from the chamber;

FIG. 3 - cross section across the strike of the ore body - the release of ore from the chamber and the drilling of reserves of the MCC;

FIG. 4 is a horizontal section BB in FIG. 3 is a layout of loading arrivals for areal production and breed “ridges” formed between them;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the stretching of the ore body — the areal discharge of ore of the MCC thrown by the explosion to the mine bottom openings;

FIG. 6 - cross section across the strike of the ore body - face additional release of the beaten ore of the MCC remaining on the lying side, in place of the MCC;

FIG. 7 is a vertical section bb of FIG. 6 along the strike of the ore body is a diagram of the layer-by-face end-extension of the ore of the MCC from the delivery drift, where:

1 inclined ore body;

2 treatment chamber;

3 trapezoidal MCC;

4 arrival to the floor;

5 inclined exit;

6 delivery drift;

7 ventilation and uprising (VHV);

8 trench drift;

9 loading check-in;

10 fans of blast holes in the chamber;

11 pedigree "comb";

12 broken ore in the chamber;

13 ore ridge;

14 fans of MCC wells;

15 the width of the upper part (small base) of the trapezoidal MCC;

16 border conditional rectangular pillar;

17 broken ore MCC;

18 collapsed rock hanging side;

19 the remaining beaten ore of the MCC on the lying side under the collapsed rocks;

20 pedigree pillar - “visor” over the delivery drift;

21 fans of boreholes for breaking the rock pillar - “peak”.

The method is as follows.

Inclined ore body 1 (Fig. 1) of medium power within a floor is divided into heights in height. The reserves of the sub-floors are worked out by blocks consisting of a treatment chamber 2 and an MCC 3 with their location along the strike of the ore body.

Preparation for the extraction of chamber reserves includes preparatory cutting operations (NDP), drilling of the chamber reserves and the formation of rock “ridges” in the trench drift between loading races to prevent the formation of ore “ridges”.

NDPs include holding on the lying side of the race 4 (Fig. 1) to the floor from the inclined exit 5, delivery drift 6, VVHV 7, trench drift 8, loading races 9, detachable unit and rising to form a cutting gap in the chamber.

After conducting a trench drift 8 (Fig. 2) and drilling chamber reserves with fans of boreholes 10 in the trench drift between loading races 9 along the length of the ore receiving chamber bottom 2, rock heaps 11 are formed, limited in length by two slopes (rock "ridges"). Breed "ridges" 11 are formed from waste rock from the excavation of workings in the block by filling and planning it with the device slopes using self-propelled PDM. After the formation of pedigree "ridges" 11 in the trench drift 8, they begin to excavate the stocks of the treatment chamber 2. The presence of pedigree "ridges" 11 in the trench bottom of the chamber 2 significantly reduces the loss of broken ore between loading races 9 when the ore 12 is discharged from chamber 2. In this case, ore "crests" of 13 minimum sizes located on the slopes of pedigree "crests" 11.

The block reserves are mined in two stages: at the first stage, the treatment chamber 2 is worked out (Fig. 3), at the second stage, the MCC 3 is massively crashed onto the mined chamber space by the fans 14, followed by the combined release of broken ore under the collapsed rocks.

In order to increase the width of the chamber 2 (Fig. 3), a trapezoidal MCC 3 with a small upper base 15 is used, which, due to its flexibility, reduces stresses in the roof of the chamber 2 and the MCC 3 itself, and effectively controls rock pressure when excavating a chamber of increased width. The use of the MCC trapezoidal shape reduces its volume relative to the traditional rectangular shape of the rear sight 16 almost 2 times.

Thus, the recess of the chamber 2 (Fig. 3) is carried out with an increased width due to the formation of a flexible MCC of a trapezoidal shape 3 by reducing the width of the upper part of the rectangular MCC 16. As a result of increasing the width of the chamber 2 and reducing the width of the upper part of the rectangular MCC 16, the volume of chamber reserves increases, and the volume of stocks of trapezoidal MCC 3, mined under collapsed rocks, is reduced, which ensures an increase in the completeness of excavation of the ore as a whole over the block.

The extraction of chamber reserves begins after the formation of the pedigree "ridges" 11 (Fig. 2). MCC 3 is formed as the reserves of chamber 2 are removed and during the process of layer-by-layer ore breaking by blasting the charges of the ascending fans of the boreholes 10 drilled from the trench drift 8. In this case, the beaten-off ore 12 is placed on the slopes of the rock “ridges” 11. The beaten ore 12 (Fig. 4) is discharged from the chamber through the loading arrivals 9 using the PDM. The presence of pedigree "ridges" 11 (Fig. 2) in the receiving bottom of chamber 2 does not allow the formation of large volumes of ore "ridges" 13 between loading races 9, which can significantly reduce the loss of broken ore in the bottom of the chamber. With the release of chamber reserves from the loading surface of the slopes of the rock "ridges" 11, ore "ridges" 13 of small size are formed.

After the ore is released from the chamber, the MCC mass collapses and the combined ore 17 is collapsed (Fig. 5) under the collapsed rocks of the hanging side 18. After the MCC mass breakdown, the rocks of the hanging side 18 collapse and the mined-out space is filled with empty rock. Mass blasting of the MCC to the mined chamber space is carried out in one step by blasting the ascending fan-holes 14 (Fig. 3) drilled from the delivery drift 6 through the rocks of the lying side. In this case, only the upper part of the fan wells 14 located in the ore mass is charged and blown up, and the lower part (rock) is used to blow up the rocky “peak” 20 (Fig. 5). By the force of the explosion, part of the broken ore 17 is thrown into the chamber trench, the other part remains on the lying side.

To increase the completeness of excavation of MCC reserves under the collapsed rocks 18 (Fig. 5), a combined method of ore production is used - areal and face using PDM. First of all, ore 17 is produced from loading arrivals 9. Secondly, the remaining broken ore 19 (Fig. 6) is layered by layer over the whole rock “peak” 20 from the end of the delivery drift 6 (Fig. 7) by layer-by-layer blasting of the “peak” 20 fans of wells 21. At the same time, the broken rock is initially released, and then the ore. The use of layer-by-face end-ore extraction of ore for additional extraction of broken ore remaining on the lying side increases the completeness of excavation of MCC reserves. Using the delivery drift 6 of the spent and quenched chamber to perform drilling, additional production and ore delivery of the MCC allows you to eliminate the need for an additional drilling horizon and to extract block reserves on one sub-floor horizon.

Thus, the formation of pedigree “ridges” in the trench drift between the loading races, the increase in the chamber width due to the use of the compliant trapezoidal MCC and the combined release of the trapezoidal MCC reserves reduces the loss of valuable ore during excavation of the chamber and pillar during mining of medium-grade inclined ore bodies.

Information sources

1. CN patent No. 103590831, IPC E21C 41/16 (2006.01). Method for the development of inclined ore bodies of medium power / Applicant (patent holder): UNIVBEIJINGSCIENCE & TECH), inventor: WANGYIMING; HUKAIJIAN; WUAIXIANG; HUANGMINGQING; WANGHONGJIANG; HANBIN; YINSHENGHUA; AICHUNMING; ZHOUSHENGPING; MADANJIANG (+8), priority date: 2013.11.22, publication date: 2014.02.19.

2. Imenitov V.R. Underground mining processes in the development of ore deposits / Textbook for universities, 3rd ed. - M .: Nedra, 1984. - 504 p.

3. Skornyakov Yu.G. Development systems and complexes of self-propelled machines for underground ore mining. - M .: Nedra, 1978.- 232 p.

Claims (1)

A method for developing inclined ore bodies of medium power, including dividing the ore body into sub-floors, conducting trench and delivery drifts, loading races between them in the lying side on the sub-floor horizon, excavation of the sub-storey reserves by treatment units located along the strike of the ore body and consisting of a treatment chamber and inter-chamber pillar (MCC), breaking chamber reserves and areal ore output, then blasting the MCC into the mined chamber space and releasing the MCC ore under collapsed rocks from the same loading arrivals, characterized in that after excavations and drilling stocks of the chamber in the trench drift between the loading arrivals form “ridges” from the rock from the excavation of the excavations, then chamber reserves are beaten to the formed “ridges”, the chamber is recessed by increasing the width due to the design of the compliant MCC trapezoidal shape by reducing the width of the upper part of the rectangular MCC, after mass breaking of the trapezoidal MCC to the waste chamber, a combined release of ore under collapsed rocks is performed in this case, first of all, they carry out areal discharge of ore from the loading races of the trench bottom of the chamber, and then layer-by-layer face extraction of the ore remaining on the recumbent side, in the place of the MCC, from the delivery drift by repaying the “peak” pillar with the subsequent release of the layer broken rock and ore above it.

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