CN113443943A - Nutritional formula for planting single-bud and whole-stem sugarcane and planting method thereof - Google Patents
Nutritional formula for planting single-bud and whole-stem sugarcane and planting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113443943A CN113443943A CN202110835283.1A CN202110835283A CN113443943A CN 113443943 A CN113443943 A CN 113443943A CN 202110835283 A CN202110835283 A CN 202110835283A CN 113443943 A CN113443943 A CN 113443943A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
A nutritional formula for planting sugarcane single bud and whole stem and a planting method thereof comprise filter mud and biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer; the dosage of the dry filter mud for planting the single-bud whole stem of each sugarcane is 3-5g, and the dosage of the biochemical fulvic acid potassium organic fertilizer is 1-2 g. The application discloses a nutrition formula for planting single-bud whole stems of sugarcane and a planting method thereof, and the quantitative proportion of filter mud and biochemical potassium fulvic acid organic fertilizer is adopted, so that various influencing substances and specific budding nutrient substance environments required by single-bud budding of the sugarcane are met, the single-bud of the sugarcane is enabled to realize field seedling, and the planting cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting, in particular to a nutritional formula for single-bud and whole-stem sugarcane planting and a planting method thereof.
Background
Sugarcane is a crop which is subjected to asexual propagation by seed stems, and is usually produced by taking sugarcane plants of more than one season as propagation seeds, wherein the sugarcane plants are divided into full stem seeds, half stem seeds and tip seeds in a seed reserving mode, and the sugarcane plants of the following varieties are divided into single-bud stems, double-bud stems, three-bud stems and the like in different bud numbers. The traditional sugarcane planting method generally adopts double-bud-section and three-bud-section seed stems for planting, and the influence of different seed stem sources on the sugarcane germination and seedling growth is researched in the text of 'the influence of different seed stem treatment on the sugarcane germination and seedling growth' by using luaba: the germination and seedling growth performance of the seed stems in the middle part are the best, and the germination rate and the seedling height are 72.81 percent and 46.33cm respectively; the single bud stem has lower germination rate and shorter seedling, while the three-bud stem, the four-bud stem and the multi-bud stem have insignificant difference in germination rate and seedling height. The healthy sugarcane is selected for production, and seeds are reserved in the middle or top stems, and the double-bud section and the three-bud section seed stems are planted to be beneficial to the germination of the sugarcane and the growth of seedlings.
The planting area of the sugarcane in China is about 153.33 kilohm2At present, the national sugarcane planting mode is the traditional seed stem planting, if the sugarcane is planted by adopting the sugarcane single-bud production technology, the sugarcane can save about 300 ten thousand tons of use each year, and can produce about 40 ten thousand tons of sugar. The method has the advantages that the single-bud planting is used for replacing the long seed stem breeding, the mechanized planting mode of the sugarcane is facilitated, the seed stems of the sugarcane required by the sugarcane planting and the labor cost required by the planting can be greatly reduced, the sugarcane yield and the sucrose yield are effectively increased, and the production cost of the sugarcane is effectively reduced.
The sugarcane is planted by using single buds/whole stems, so that the planting seed consumption is greatly reduced, and the seed stem input is reduced, thereby increasing the total yield of the sugarcane and the total yield of cane sugar; secondly, the single buds/whole stems of the sugarcane are coated, so that the germination rate of the seed stems can be effectively improved, and the disease and insect pest resistance of the seedlings can be improved in the seedling stage; thirdly, the yield of the planted sugarcane single bud/whole stem is not lower than that of the traditional planting method, and mechanical seeding is adopted in the planting mode, so that the labor cost is reduced, and the new situation of popularization and application of healthy sugarcane seedlings is facilitated.
Tansheng researches the seedling raising of the sugarcane nutrition pot in an article of 'seedling raising of the sugarcane nutrition pot', finds that the coating treatment by using a seed coating agent has an obvious promotion effect on improving the germination rate and the stem diameter of a single bud, but has little influence on the plant height.
In the article of Royawei, the 'influence of single-bud stems coated with different medicaments on sugarcane germination and tillering' tests for preventing and treating sugarcane pineapple diseases are carried out by treating 4 kinds of medicament-coated sugarcane single-bud stems including Mishuping, Liangdong, Mipidan and carbendazim, and taking clear water as a blank control and the carbendazim as a medicament control.
The research on the influence of seed stem coating on the growth and the yield of the sugarcane is carried out by 'jinguang Chilobrachys Lizhao, Wurong Lidong, Liting' on Jinguang agricultural reclamation countries in Guangxi, and the like. The results show that: the emergence rates, effective stems and early growth speeds of GT43 and GT40 after seed stem coating treatment are higher than those of a control; the yield increasing effect reaches an extremely obvious level, and the yield is increased by 19.08 percent and 12.54 percent respectively compared with the control; has no obvious influence on the sucrose content.
Although the seedling raising effect is good, the method is high in cost and complex and is not suitable for large-scale propagation and popularization, so that a propagation method for single-bud whole-stem planting of sugarcane needs to be further explored, operation steps are simplified, and the planting cost is reduced as far as possible while the planting survival rate is not reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a nutrition formula for planting sugarcane single bud and whole stem comprises dry filter mud and biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer; the dosage of the dry filter mud for planting the single-bud whole stem of each sugarcane is not more than 5g, and the dosage of the biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer is not more than 2 g.
Furthermore, the dosage of the dry filter mud for planting the single-bud whole stem of each sugarcane is 3-5g, and the biochemical fulvic acid potassium organic fertilizer is 1-2 g.
Furthermore, the dosage of dry filter mud for planting single-bud whole stems of each sugarcane is 4g, and the dosage of biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer is 2 g.
Furthermore, the water content of the raw material filter mud prepared from the dry filter mud is 37.2%, the organic matter content is 23.06%, the total nitrogen content is 0.18%, the total phosphorus content is 4.27%, and the total potassium content is 0.14%.
Further, the organic matter of the biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 60 percent; (N + P)2O5+K2O) is more than or equal to 10 percent; the organic carbon contained 37.1 g/kg.
Furthermore, the average fresh weight of the whole stem of the single bud is 20 +/-5 g/per.
Further, the sugarcane varieties comprise 14-1027% and 0551% of sugarcane.
Further, the planting method of the single-bud whole stem of the sugarcane comprises the following steps:
s1, taking single buds/whole stems, cutting, soaking and disinfecting (25 g/10L) for 2 hours by using 400 times of carbendazim solution, and naturally drying for 2 hours for later use;
s2, drying or baking the raw material filter mud to obtain dry filter mud;
s3, mixing the filter mud and the biochemical fulvic acid potassium organic fertilizer in proportion, adding water, stirring uniformly, and uniformly mixing the sugarcane single buds in the nutrient for one night;
and S4, planting the nutrient mixed with the single sugarcane bud obtained in the S3 (the nutrient wraps the single sugarcane bud) in a field. The sugarcane single-bud section is planted in a ready-opened sugarcane ditch, the ditching depth is 30-50 cm, the ditch width is 1.2-1.5 m, the bud amount per mu is 6000-8000 buds, and the soil is covered for 3-5 cm.
And S5, covering with a whole film. In a conditioned plot, watering the sugarcane planted in S4 and then carrying out full film covering; in areas without irrigation conditions, single-bud sugarcane planting is recommended to be selected in winter or early spring to reduce water evaporation and high-temperature burn of sugarcane buds.
S6, applying additional fertilizer after planting for 30-60 days, and supplementing quick-acting fertilizer.
Furthermore, the planting temperature is 19-26 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the application discloses a nutrition formula for planting single-bud whole stems of sugarcane and a planting method thereof, and the quantitative proportion of dry filter mud and biochemical potassium fulvic acid organic fertilizer is adopted to meet various influencing substances and specific budding nutrient substance environments required by single-bud budding of the sugarcane;
2. the method screens out the most suitable cultivation method for single-bud budding of the sugarcane by exploring the single-bud planting method of the sugarcane;
3. the cultivation formula and the planting method thereof are matched, so that the field production of the sugarcane single buds can be realized, and the planting cost is saved;
4. through repeated exploration, the culture medium proportion is simplified, the formula is lower in cost compared with the formula in the same industry, the use is more convenient, and the highest planting emergence rate can reach more than 95%.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1:
a nutrition formula for planting sugarcane single bud and whole stem comprises dry filter mud and biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer; the dosage of the dry filter mud for planting the single-bud whole stem of each sugarcane is not more than 5g, and the dosage of the biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer is not more than 2 g.
Example 2:
on the basis of the embodiment 1, the dosage of the dry filter mud for planting the single-bud whole stem of each sugarcane is 3-5g, and the biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer is 1-2 g.
Example 3:
on the basis of the example 2, the dosage of the dry filter mud for planting the single-bud whole stem of each sugarcane is 4g, and the biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer is 2 g.
Example 4:
based on the examples 1 to 3, the water content of the raw material filter mud prepared from the dry filter mud is 37.2%, the organic matter is 23.06%, the total nitrogen is 0.18%, the total phosphorus is 4.27%, and the total potassium is 0.14%.
Example 5:
on the basis of the embodiments 1-4, the organic matter of the biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 60 percent; (N + P)2O5+K2O) is more than or equal to 10 percent; the organic carbon contained 37.1 g/kg.
Example 6:
on the basis of the examples 1-5, the average fresh weight of the whole stem of the single bud is 20 +/-5 g/per.
Example 7:
on the basis of the examples 1 to 6, the sugarcane varieties are sugarcane series varieties such as 14 to 1027, 0551 and the like.
Example 8:
on the basis of the examples 1-7, the sugarcane single-bud whole-stem nutrition formula and the planting method thereof comprise the following steps:
s1, taking single buds/whole stems, cutting, soaking and disinfecting for 2 hours by using 400 times of carbendazim solution, and naturally drying for 2 hours for later use;
s2, drying or baking the raw material filter mud to obtain dry filter mud;
s3, mixing the filter mud and the biochemical fulvic acid potassium organic fertilizer in proportion, adding water, stirring uniformly, and uniformly mixing the sugarcane single buds in the nutrient for one night;
and S4, planting the nutrient mixed with the single sugarcane bud obtained in the S3 in a field. The sugarcane single-bud section is planted in a ready-opened sugarcane ditch, the ditching depth is 30-50 cm, the ditch width is 1.2-1.5 m, the bud amount per mu is 6000-8000 buds, and the soil is covered for 3-5 cm.
And S5, covering with a whole film. And watering the sugarcane planted in S4 and then carrying out full film covering.
S6, applying additional fertilizer after planting for 30-60 days, and supplementing quick-acting fertilizer.
Example 9:
on the basis of the embodiments 1-8, the planting temperature is 19-26 ℃.
Example 10:
the single-bud nutrition formula mainly selects sugarcane leaves, bagasse, nutrient peat, a compound fertilizer and a potassium fulvate organic fertilizer. The nutrient peat is a soil conditioner, the early nutrition of the sugarcane seedlings can be provided by adding the compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer, the sugarcane leaves and the bagasse are added, the nutrients are mainly considered to be returned to the field, and meanwhile, the soil organic matters can be improved by adding the sugarcane leaves and the bagasse, and soil loosening is promoted. The experimental results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
table 1: example 10 weight ratio of nutrients for each formula
Table 2: example 10 germination test seedling record (plant) for nutrient disk
From the above table, the nutrient formulation of example 10 does not allow for single-bud sprouting of sugarcane.
Example 11:
the first scheme is as follows:
adjusting a nutrition formula, carrying out re-test (in a laboratory with a white disk) on a filter mud and biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer formula, taking 62 single buds/whole stem with the weight of 1384.92 g, cutting, naturally drying for 8 hours, soaking and sterilizing (25 g/10L) for 12 hours by using 400 times of carbendazim solution, naturally drying for 3 days, and weighing 900.67 g and 14.52 g/bud. The formula is weighed according to the proportion and placed in a self-sealing bag, 5ml of water is added into each formula, the mixture is uniformly mixed, 5 sugarcane single buds are placed and uniformly mixed overnight, the mixture is planted in soil in the afternoon of 24 days after 8 months, and 5 buds are planted in each formula for 55 buds. Sprouting is shown in Table 3:
table 3: example 11 protocol an experiment Germination
Scheme II:
taking 110 single buds (whole stems) 24 days 8 and 24 months in 2020, cutting, and soaking and sterilizing (25 g/10L) with 400 times of carbendazim solution for 2.5 hours. Planted in soil in the afternoon of 24 months after 8 months for a total of 110 buds. 5 blanks were planted simultaneously for comparison. Sprouting is shown in Table 4:
table 4: example 11 protocol two experiment Germination
Adopting biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer: organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent and (N + P)2O5+K2O) is more than or equal to 10 percent, and is produced by Yunan Zichen group biotechnology limited company. The detection result of 8-month-27-day 2020 shows that the organic carbon content is 37.1 g/kg. Filtered mud wenshanfuning (2020.8.14): 37.2 percent of water content, 23.06 percent of organic matter, 0.18 percent of total nitrogen, 4.27 percent of total phosphorus and 0.14 percent of total potassium.
Example 12:
the first scheme is as follows:
adjusting the nutrition formula, and carrying out the tests of the filter mud and the urea formula. 55 single buds/whole stem are taken, cut, soaked and disinfected in 400 times of carbendazim solution (25 g/10L) for 2 hours, and naturally dried for 2 hours. The formulas are weighed according to a certain proportion and placed in self-sealing bags, 5ml of water is added into each formula and mixed evenly, 5 sugarcane single buds are placed into each formula and mixed evenly overnight, and the sugarcane single buds are planted in soil for 8 months and 28 days. Sprouting is shown in Table 5:
table 5: example 12 protocol-Germination
Scheme II:
the formulation is planted in the land in 2 days at 9 months and 10 buds each (the wood frame is filled with soil, and the total number of the 60 buds in each frame is 2). Sprouting is shown in Table 6:
table 6: example 12 protocol II Germination
The filtered mud is dried in the sun, and the sugarcane stalks are easy to rot and not beneficial to sprouting in an indoor sprouting test. The wood frame soil culture germination test shows that the sugarcane does not rot, and the method is adopted to carry out a single-bud nutrition formula test in the later period.
Example 13:
on the basis of the example 12, the nutrition formula is adjusted, and the tests of the filter mud and the biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer are carried out. 120 single buds/whole stem are taken out at 8 days in 9 months in 2020, and after cutting, the cut single buds/whole stem are soaked in 400 times of carbendazim solution for disinfection (25 g/10L) for 2 hours, and then the cut single buds/whole stem is naturally dried for 2 hours. All the formulas are weighed according to a certain proportion and placed in a self-sealing bag, 5ml of water is added into each formula and mixed evenly, 10 sugarcane single buds are placed into each formula and mixed evenly, and the mixture is planted in soil to observe the germination condition. The emergence is shown in Table 7:
table 7: example 13 Experimental Germination
Example 14:
on the basis of the example 13, the nutrition formula is adjusted, and the tests of the filter mud and the biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer are carried out. Taking 110 single buds/whole stem in 16 days 9 and 9 in 2020, cutting, soaking in 400 times of carbendazim solution for disinfection (25 g/10L) for 2 hours, and naturally air drying for 2 hours. Each formula is weighed and placed in paper, 1 sugarcane single bud is placed in each formula, 10 sugarcane single buds are placed in each formula, and the sugarcane single buds are planted in soil to observe the germination condition. The air temperature is 19-26 ℃. The emergence is shown in Table 8:
table 8: example 14 Experimental sprouting
The dosage of the drying filter mud for planting single buds/whole stems of each sugarcane cannot exceed 5g, and the dosage of the biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer cannot exceed 2 g.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A nutrition formula for single-bud and whole-stem planting of sugarcane is characterized by comprising dry filter mud and biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer; the dosage of the dry filter mud for planting the single-bud whole stem of each sugarcane is not more than 5g, and the dosage of the biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer is not more than 2 g.
2. The nutritional formula for planting the single-bud and whole-stem of the sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein the dosage of the dry filter mud for planting the single-bud and whole-stem of the sugarcane is 3-5g, and the dosage of the potassium fulvic acid biochemical organic fertilizer is 1-2 g.
3. The nutritional formula for sugarcane single-bud and whole-stem planting according to claim 2, wherein the dosage of dry filter mud for each sugarcane single-bud and whole-stem planting is 4g, and the dosage of potassium fulvic acid organic fertilizer is 2 g.
4. The nutritional formula for single-bud and whole-stem planting of sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein the raw material filter mud made of the dry filter mud contains 37.2% of water, 23.06% of organic matters, 0.18% of total nitrogen, 4.27% of total phosphorus and 0.14% of total potassium.
5. The nutritional formula for single-bud and whole-stem planting of sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein organic matter of the biochemical potassium fulvate organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 60%; (N + P)2O5+K2O) is more than or equal to 10 percent; the organic carbon contained 37.1 g/kg.
6. The nutritional formula for sugarcane single-bud whole-stem planting according to claim 1, wherein the average fresh weight of the single-bud whole stems is 20 +/-5 g/piece.
7. The nutritional formula for single-bud and whole-stem planting of sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein the sugarcane varieties comprise sugarcane 14-1027 and sugarcane 0551.
8. A method of growing single-bud whole stems of sugar cane using the nutritional formulation of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of:
s1, taking single buds/whole stems, cutting, soaking and disinfecting for 2 hours by using 400 times of carbendazim solution, and naturally drying for 2 hours for later use;
s2, drying or baking the raw material filter mud to obtain dry filter mud;
s3, mixing the filter mud and the biochemical fulvic acid potassium organic fertilizer in proportion, adding water, stirring uniformly, and uniformly mixing the sugarcane single buds in the nutrient for one night;
s4, planting the nutrient mixed with the single sugarcane bud obtained in the S3 in a field; planting the sugarcane single bud sections in the opened sugarcane ditches, wherein the ditching depth is 30-50 cm, the ditch width is 1.2-1.5 m, the bud amount per mu is 6000-8000 buds, and the soil is covered for 3-5 cm;
s5, covering the whole film; watering the sugarcane planted in S4 and then carrying out full film covering;
s6, applying additional fertilizer after planting for 30-60 days, and supplementing quick-acting fertilizer.
9. The method for planting the single-bud and whole-stem sugarcane according to claim 8, wherein the planting temperature is 19-26 ℃.
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Application publication date: 20210928 |