CN113436822A - 铁氧体烧结磁铁 - Google Patents

铁氧体烧结磁铁 Download PDF

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CN113436822A
CN113436822A CN202110300505.XA CN202110300505A CN113436822A CN 113436822 A CN113436822 A CN 113436822A CN 202110300505 A CN202110300505 A CN 202110300505A CN 113436822 A CN113436822 A CN 113436822A
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mass
sintered magnet
ferrite
ferrite sintered
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池田真规
森田启之
村川喜堂
室屋尚吾
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TDK Corp
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TDK Corp
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Abstract

本发明涉及得到一种在维持较高的HcJ的状态下进一步提高Br的铁氧体烧结磁铁。铁氧体烧结磁铁包含具有六方晶结构的铁氧体颗粒。在与易磁化轴平行的截面中,将铁氧体颗粒的圆形度的平均值设为W,满足0.56≤W≤0.68。

Description

铁氧体烧结磁铁
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铁氧体烧结磁铁。
背景技术
专利文献1及2中记载有一种铁氧体烧结磁铁,通过将Fe的一部分利用Mg置换等的结构,从而改善了磁特性。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第5521622号公报
专利文献2:日本专利第4543849号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
本发明的目的在于得到一种在维持较高的矫顽力(HcJ)的状态下,进一步提高剩余磁通密度(Br)的铁氧体烧结磁铁。
用于解决技术问题的方案
为了达成上述目的,本发明所涉及的铁氧体烧结磁铁是包含具有六方晶结构的铁氧体颗粒的铁氧体烧结磁铁,其中,
在与易磁化轴平行的截面中,将所述铁氧体颗粒的圆形度的平均值设为W,满足0.56≤W≤0.68。
本发明所涉及的铁氧体烧结磁铁通过具有上述的特征,成为在维持较高的HcJ的状态下提高了Br的铁氧体烧结磁铁。
所述截面中,所述铁氧体颗粒的Heywood直径的平均值也可以为1.00μm以上1.23μm以下。
也可以以MgO换算,含有0.010质量%以上0.090质量%以下的Mg。
所述铁氧体烧结磁铁也可以含有Ca、R、A、Fe及Co,将组成式以Ca1-w-xRwAxFezCom(原子数比)表示时,
R也可以为选自稀土元素中的1种以上,并且至少包含La,
A也可以为选自Ba及Sr中的1种以上,并且满足:0.364≤w≤0.495、0.038≤x≤0.136、8.280≤z≤10.45、0.257≤m≤0.338。
所述铁氧体烧结磁铁也可以含有Ca、R、A、Fe及Co,
R也可以为选自稀土元素中的1种以上,并且至少包含La,
A也可以为选自Ba及Sr中的1种以上,
也可以以CaO换算含有2.505质量%以上2.951质量%以下的Ca,
也可以以R2O3换算含有8.028质量%以上8.239质量%以下的R,
也可以以AO换算含有0.666质量%以上1.666质量%以下的A,
也可以以Fe2O3换算含有84.564质量%以上84.937质量%以下的Fe,
也可以以CoO换算含有2.341质量%以上2.521质量%以下的Co。
也可以以B2O3换算含有0.005质量%以上0.058质量%以下的B。
附图说明
图1A是实施例3的SEM图像。
图1B是从图1A得到的分析用图像。
图2A是比较例1的SEM图像。
图2B是从图2A得到的分析用图像。
具体实施方式
以下,基于实施方式对本发明进行说明。
本实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁铁包含铁氧体颗粒。铁氧体颗粒是具有六方晶结构的晶粒。晶粒也可以具有磁铅石型的晶体结构。铁氧体烧结磁铁由铁氧体颗粒和晶界构成。
本实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁铁在与易磁化轴平行的截面中,将铁氧体颗粒的圆形度的平均值设为W,满足0.56≤W≤0.68。铁氧体颗粒的圆形度越小,则铁氧体颗粒的扁平程度越高,铁氧体颗粒越接近板状。其结果,铁氧体颗粒容易向一定方向取向,磁化的方向朝向一定方向。而且,磁场取向度变大,Br提高。但是,当W过小时,铁氧体颗粒进一步扁平。铁氧体颗粒越扁平,铁氧体颗粒越容易变大。而且,扁平的较大的铁氧体颗粒容易成为多磁畴颗粒。多磁畴颗粒是在一个颗粒内具有多个磁畴的颗粒。通过铁氧体颗粒中多磁畴颗粒所占的比例变多,磁场取向度变小,Br降低。另外,反向磁场变大,HcJ也降低。因此,通过W为上述的范围内,能够在维持较高的HcJ的状态下提高Br。另外,也可以满足0.58≤W≤0.67,也可以满足0.60≤W≤0.66。
以下,对圆形度的平均值的算出方法进行说明。
本实施方式中,将与易磁化轴平行的截面中的铁氧体颗粒的面积设为S,将铁氧体颗粒的周长设为L,将4πS/L2设为铁氧体颗粒的圆形度。此外,圆形度在为圆的情况下成为最大值的1,越扁平,越接近0。然后,算出各铁氧体颗粒的圆形度,并进行平均,由此,算出圆形度的平均值。
具体而言,首先,在与易磁化轴平行的截面中,拍摄如图1A、图2A所示那样的SEM图像。SEM图像的大小没有特别限定,设定为至少包含100个铁氧体颗粒的大小。也可以观察多个SEM图像,各SEM图像中包含的铁氧体颗粒的合计至少为100个。SEM图像的倍率没有特别限定,只要是能够测定各铁氧体颗粒的圆形度的倍率即可。
接着,使用Deep Neural Network(DNN)分析SEM图像,制作对铁氧体颗粒和晶界进行了二值化的分析用图像。从图1A的SEM图像得到的分析用图像为图1B,从图2A的SEM图像得到的分析用图像为图2B。然后,使用Open Source Computer Vision Library(OpenCV)进行图像处理,由此,对完全包含于分析用图像的各铁氧体颗粒算出圆形度。然后,通过将对各铁氧体颗粒算出的圆形度平均,算出圆形度的平均值。
铁氧体颗粒的粒径没有特别限定,但算出了上述的圆形度的铁氧体颗粒的Heywood直径的平均值也可以为0.87μm以上1.60μm以下,也可以为1.00μm以上1.23μm以下。
一般而言,铁氧体颗粒的粒径越小,铁氧体烧结磁铁的磁特性越容易提高。但是,铁氧体颗粒的粒径较小的铁氧体烧结磁铁的制造困难,因此,从减少制造成本的观点来看,铁氧体颗粒的粒径越大越好。本实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁铁通过铁氧体颗粒的Heywood直径的平均值为上述的范围内,从而降低制造成本,并且容易进一步提高Br及HcJ。
此外,Heywood直径为投影面积圆当量直径。本实施方式中的铁氧体颗粒的Heywood直径为(4S/π)1/2
本实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁铁的密度(df)没有特别限定。例如,通过阿基米德法测定的df也可以为5.0600g/cm3以上5.1500g/cm3以下。通过df为上述的范围内、特别是为5.0600g/cm3以上,Br容易变得良好。
本实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁铁的组成没有特别限定。将铁氧体烧结磁铁整体设为100质量%,可以以氧化镁(MgO)换算含有镁(Mg)0.010质量%以上0.090质量%以下,也可以含有0.020质量%以上0.070质量%以下,也可以含有0.034质量%以上0.052质量%以下。通过在上述的范围内含有Mg,容易适当控制铁氧体颗粒的圆形度的平均值W,容易在维持较高的HcJ的状态下提高Br。另外,Mg为非磁性。因此,当Mg的含量过多时,磁特性容易降低。
对Mg以外的组成也没有特别限定,只要是可以得到具有六方晶结构的铁氧体颗粒的组成即可。
铁氧体烧结磁铁可以含有钙(Ca)、R、A、铁(Fe)及钴(Co)。将组成式以Ca1-w- xRwAxFezCom(原子数比)表示时,
R可以为选自稀土元素中的1种以上,并且至少包含镧(La)。
A为选自钡(Ba)及锶(Sr)中的1种以上。
上述组成式的w、x、z、m可以是满足以下的范围的组成。
0.364≤w≤0.495
0.038≤x≤0.136
8.280≤z≤10.45
0.257≤m≤0.338
对于R的含量(w),也可以满足0.415≤w≤0.485,也可以满足0.459≤w≤0.474。对于A的含量(x),也可以满足0.046≤x≤0.128,也可以满足0.054≤x≤0.120。对于Fe的含量(z),也可以满足9.100≤z≤10.20,也可以满足9.837≤z≤9.934。对于Co的含量(m),也可以满足0.278≤m≤0.327,也可以满足0.293≤m≤0.311。
另外,将R整体设为100at%,可以含有90at%以上的La。通过R中La所占的比例为上述的范围内,容易提高磁各向异性。另外,R也可以单独为La。由此,能够减少元素的种类,能够降低制造的操作负荷及制造成本。
另外,当以经过氧化物换算的质量比例表达时,将铁氧体烧结磁铁整体设为100质量%,可以是
R为选自稀土元素中的1种以上,并且至少包含La,
A为选自Ba及Sr中的1种以上,
以CaO换算含有2.505质量%以上2.951质量%以下的Ca,
以R2O3换算含有8.028质量%以上8.239质量%以下的R,
以AO换算含有0.666质量%以上1.666质量%以下的A,
以Fe2O3换算含有84.564质量%以上84.937质量%以下的Fe,
以CoO换算含有2.341质量%以上2.521质量%以下的Co的组成。
A为选自Ba及Sr中的至少1种的元素。本实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁铁也可以作为A含有Ba及Sr两者,作为A也可以仅含有Ba或仅含有Sr。
通过Ca、R、A、Fe及Co的含量为上述的范围内,容易得到较高的Br及HcJ。
另外,将硼(B)以氧化硼(B2O3)换算可以含有0.005质量%以上0.058质量%以下,也可以含有0.015质量%以上0.048质量%以下,也可以含有0.022质量%以上0.041质量%以下。通过在上述的范围内含有B,容易提高Br及HcJ。
另外,将铝(Al)以氧化铝(Al2O3)换算可以含有0.010质量%以上0.160质量%以下,也可以含有0.035质量%以上0.110质量%以下,也可以含有0.049质量%以上0.065质量%以下。通过在上述的范围内含有Al,容易提高Br及HcJ。
另外,将硅(Si)以氧化硅(SiO2)换算可以含有0.102质量%以上0.752质量%以下,也可以含有0.224质量%以上0.603质量%以下,也可以含有0.315质量%以上0.353质量%以下。通过在上述的范围内含有Si,容易提高Br及HcJ。
另外,将锰(Mn)以氧化锰(MnO)换算可以含有0.010质量%以上0.450质量%以下,也可以含有0.220质量%以上0.439质量%以下,也可以含有0.288质量%以上0.341质量%以下。通过在上述的范围内含有Mn,容易提高Br及HcJ。
以下,对本实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁铁的制造方法进行说明。
以下的实施方式中,示出铁氧体烧结磁铁的制造方法的一例。本实施方式中,铁氧体烧结磁铁能够经由配合工序、煅烧工序、粉碎工序、成型工序及烧成工序进行制造。以下对各工序进行说明。
<配合工序>
配合工序中,配合铁氧体烧结磁铁的原料,得到原料混合物。作为铁氧体烧结磁铁的原料,可以举出包含构成其的元素中的1种或2种以上的化合物(原料化合物)。原料化合物例如优选为粉末状的化合物。
作为原料化合物,可以举出各元素的氧化物、或通过烧成而成为氧化物的化合物(碳酸盐、氢氧化物、硝酸盐等)。例如能够例示:CaCO3、La2O3、SrCO3、BaCO3、Fe2O3、Co3O4、MgO、B2O3、Al2O3、SiO2及MnO等。原料化合物的粉末的平均粒径可以为0.1μm~2.0μm左右。
配合中,例如称量各原料,以得到期望的铁氧体磁性材料的组成。然后,能够使用湿式磨碎机、球磨机等,混合、粉碎0.1小时~20小时左右。此外,该配合工序中,不需要混合所有的原料,也可以在后述的煅烧后添加一部分。
<煅烧工序>
煅烧工序中,将配合工序中得到的原料混合物煅烧。煅烧例如能够在空气中等的氧化性气氛中进行。煅烧的温度能够设为1100℃~1300℃的温度范围。煅烧的时间能够设为1秒~10小时。
通过煅烧得到的煅烧体的一次粒径可以为10μm以下。
<粉碎工序>
粉碎工序中,将煅烧工序中成为颗粒状或块状的煅烧体粉碎,制成粉末状。由此,后述的成型工序中的成型变得容易。粉碎工序中,如上所述,也可以添加配合工序中未配合的原料(原料的后添加)。粉碎工序也可以通过例如将煅烧体粉碎(粗粉碎)以成为粗大的粉末后,将其进一步微细地粉碎(微粉碎)的两个阶段的工序进行。
粗粉碎例如使用振动磨机等进行至平均粒径成为0.5μm~10.0μm为止。微粉碎中,将通过粗粉碎而得到的粗粉碎材料进一步利用湿式磨碎机、球磨机、喷磨机等进行粉碎。
微粉碎中,进行微粉碎,以使得到的微粉碎粉的平均粒径优选成为0.08μm~1.00μm左右。微粉碎粉的比表面积(例如通过BET法求得。)能够设为4m2/g~12m2/g左右。粉碎时间根据粉碎方法而不同,例如在湿式磨碎机的情况下,能够设为30分钟~20小时左右,利用球磨机的湿式粉碎中,能够设为1小时~50小时左右。
微粉碎工序中,在湿式法的情况下,作为分散介质,除了水等水系溶剂之外,能够使用甲苯、二甲苯等非水系溶剂。使用非水系溶剂具有在后述的湿式成型时得到高取向性的倾向。另一方面,在使用水等水系溶剂的情况下,在生产力的观点上是有利的。
另外,微粉碎工序中,为了提高在烧成后得到的烧结体的取向度,例如也可以添加公知的多元醇或分散剂。
<成型·烧成工序>
成型·烧成工序中,将粉碎工序后得到的粉碎材料(优选为微粉碎材料)成型而得到成型体后,烧成该成型体,得到烧结体。成型也能够通过干式成型、湿式成型或陶瓷注射成型(Ceramic Injection Molding(CIM))的任一方法进行。
干式成型法中,例如将干燥后的磁性粉末进行加压成型且施加磁场,形成成型体,然后,烧成成型体。一般而言,干式成型法中,将干燥后的磁性粉末在金属模具内进行加压成型,因此,具有成型工序所需要的时间较短的优点。
湿式成型法中,例如一边将包含磁性粉末的浆料在磁场施加中进行加压成型一边除去液体成分,形成成型体,然后,烧成成型体。湿式成型法中,通过成型时的磁场,磁性粉末容易取向,具有烧结磁铁的磁特性良好的优点。
另外,使用了CIM的成型法是将干燥后的磁性粉末与粘合剂树脂一起加热混炼,将形成的粒料在施加有磁场的金属模具内进行注塑成型,得到预成型体,对该预成型体进行脱粘合剂处理后进行烧成的方法。
以下,对湿式成型进行详细地说明。
(湿式成型·烧成)
在通过湿式成型法得到铁氧体烧结磁铁的情况下,通过以湿式进行上述的微粉碎工序而得到浆料。将该浆料浓缩成规定的浓度,得到湿式成型用浆料。能够使用该浆料进行成型。
浆料的浓缩能够通过离心分离或压滤机等进行。湿式成型用浆料中的微粉碎粉的含量在湿式成型用浆料的总量中能够设为30质量%~80质量%左右。
浆料中,作为分散微粉碎粉的分散介质,能够使用水。在该情况下,浆料中可以添加葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖酸盐、山梨糖醇等的表面活性剂。另外,作为分散介质,也可以使用非水系溶剂。作为非水系溶剂,能够使用甲苯或二甲苯等的有机溶剂。在该情况下,能够添加油酸等的表面活性剂。
此外,湿式成型用浆料也可以通过向微粉碎后的干燥状态的微粉碎粉中添加分散介质等而制备。
湿式成型中,接着,对于该湿式成型用浆料进行磁场中成型。在该情况下,成型压力能够设为9.8MPa~98MPa(0.1ton/cm2~1.0ton/cm2)左右。施加磁场能够设为400kA/m~1600kA/m左右。另外,成型时的加压方向与磁场施加方向可以是同一方向,也可以是正交方向。
通过湿式成型得到的成型体的烧成能够在大气中等的氧化性气氛中进行。烧成温度能够设为1050℃~1270℃。另外,烧成时间(保持在烧成温度的时间)能够设为0.5小时~3小时左右。
此外,在以湿式成型得到成型体的情况下,在到达烧成温度之前,能够从室温以2.5℃/分钟左右的升温速度加热到100℃左右。通过使成型体充分干燥,能够抑制裂纹的产生。
另外,在添加表面活性剂(分散剂)等的情况下,例如,通过在100℃~500℃左右的温度范围,以2.0℃/分钟左右的升温速度进行加热,能够将它们充分除去(脱脂处理)。此外,这些处理可以在烧成工序的最初进行,也可以在烧成工序之前另外进行。
以上,对铁氧体烧结磁铁的优选的制造方法进行了说明,但制造方法不限定于上述,能够适当变更制造条件等。
通过本发明得到的铁氧体烧结磁铁只要具有本发明的铁氧体的组成,形态就没有限定。例如,铁氧体烧结磁铁能够具有拥有各向异性的弧段形状、平板状、圆柱状、筒状等各种形状。根据本发明的铁氧体烧结磁铁,不管磁铁的形状,均维持较高的HcJ,并且可以得到较高的Br。
本实施方式的铁氧体烧结磁铁能够用于通常的马达、旋转机、传感器等。
实施例
以下,通过实施例更详细地说明发明,但本发明不限定于这些实施例。
<配合工序>
作为起始原料,准备CaCO3、La2O3、SrCO3、BaCO3、Fe2O3、Co3O4、MgO、B2O3、Al2O3、SiO2及MnO,并进行称量,以成为表1、表2所记载的各试样的组成。此外,表1中记载有Ca1-w- xRwAxFezCom的原子数比。表2中分别以质量%单位记载各元素的以氧化物换算的含量。
表2所记载的各成分的含量的合计未成为100质量%是由于省略源自杂质的成分。作为源自杂质的成分,例如可以举出P2O5、SO3、Cl、K2O、V2O5、Cr2O3、NiO、CuO、ZnO、MoO3
将上述起始原料利用湿式磨碎机混合、粉碎,得到浆料状的原料混合物。
<煅烧工序>
将该原料混合物干燥后,大气中进行以1200℃保持2小时的煅烧处理,得到煅烧体。
<粉碎工序>
将得到的煅烧体利用棒磨机进行粗粉碎,得到粗粉碎材料。接着,利用湿式球磨机进行微粉碎28小时,得到浆料。调整得到的浆料,使固体成分浓度成为70~75质量%,作为湿式成型用浆料。
<成型·烧成工序>
接着,使用湿式磁场成型机得到预成型体。成型压力设为50MPa,施加磁场设为800kA/m。另外,成型时的加压方向和磁场施加方向设定成同一方向。通过湿式成型得到的预成型体为圆板状,直径为30mm、高度为15mm。
将预成型体在大气中进行以1190℃~1230℃保持1小时的烧成,得到作为烧结体的铁氧体烧结磁铁。
对各铁氧体烧结磁铁进行荧光X射线定量分析,能够确认各铁氧体烧结磁铁分别成为表1、表2所示的组成。
另外,通过X射线衍射测定确认了表1、表2的各铁氧体烧结磁铁的铁氧体颗粒具有六方晶结构。
<磁特性(Br、HcJ)的测定>
对实施例1~3、比较例1~3的各铁氧体烧结磁铁的上下表面进行了加工后,在25℃的大气气氛中,使用最大施加磁场1989kA/m的B-H回线仪测定磁特性。将结果在表1中表示。
<密度(df)的测定>
实施例1~3、比较例1~3的各铁氧体烧结磁铁的密度通过阿基米德法进行测定。将结果在表1中表示。
<铁氧体颗粒的圆形度的平均值W及Heywood直径的平均值>
首先,在各铁氧体烧结磁铁的与易磁化轴平行的截面中,拍摄如图1A、图2A所示那样的SEM图像。此外,图1A为实施例3,图2A为比较例1。将倍率设为5000倍,拍摄26μm×19μm的SEM图像。此外,各SEM图像中确认了至少包含100个铁氧体颗粒。
接着,使用DNN分析SEM图像,制作对铁氧体颗粒和晶界进行了二值化的分析用图像。从图1A的SEM图像得到的分析用图像为图1B,从图2A的SEM图像得到的分析用图像为图2B。然后,通过使用OpenCV进行图像处理,对完全包含于分析用图像的铁氧体颗粒算出圆形度,并进行平均,由此,算出圆形度的平均值W。将结果在表1中表示。
进一步,对完全包含于分析用图像的铁氧体颗粒算出Heywood直径,并进行平均,由此算出Heywood直径的平均值。将结果在表1中表示。
Figure BDA0002986064840000131
[表2]
Figure BDA0002986064840000141
根据表1、表2,圆形度的平均值W满足0.56≤W≤0.68的实施例1~3的HcJ良好,并且与不满足0.56≤W≤0.68的比较例1~3相比较,Br变高。具体来说,全部实施例的Br为460mT以上。另外,全部实施例的HcJ为320kA/m以上,实施例2、3的HcJ为350kA/m以上。

Claims (6)

1.一种铁氧体烧结磁铁,其中,
所述铁氧体烧结磁铁包含具有六方晶结构的铁氧体颗粒,
在与易磁化轴平行的截面中,将所述铁氧体颗粒的圆形度的平均值设为W,满足0.56≤W≤0.68。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁氧体烧结磁铁,其中,
所述截面中,所述铁氧体颗粒的Heywood直径的平均值为1.00μm以上1.23μm以下。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁氧体烧结磁铁,其中,
以MgO换算,所述铁氧体烧结磁铁含有0.010质量%以上0.090质量%以下的Mg。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁氧体烧结磁铁,其中,
所述铁氧体烧结磁铁含有Ca、R、A、Fe及Co,将组成式以原子数比计用Ca1-w-xRwAxFezCom表示时,
R为选自稀土元素中的1种以上,并且至少包含La,
A为选自Ba及Sr中的1种以上,并且
满足0.364≤w≤0.495、0.038≤x≤0.136、8.280≤z≤10.45、0.257≤m≤0.338。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁氧体烧结磁铁,其中,
所述铁氧体烧结磁铁含有Ca、R、A、Fe及Co,
R为选自稀土元素中的1种以上,并且至少包含La,
A为选自Ba及Sr中的1种以上,
以CaO换算含有2.505质量%以上2.951质量%以下的Ca,
以R2O3换算含有8.028质量%以上8.239质量%以下的R,
以AO换算含有0.666质量%以上1.666质量%以下的A,
以Fe2O3换算含有84.564质量%以上84.937质量%以下的Fe,
以CoO换算含有2.341质量%以上2.521质量%以下的Co。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的铁氧体烧结磁铁,其中,
以B2O3换算,所述铁氧体烧结磁铁含有0.005质量%以上0.058质量%以下的B。
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