CN113424709B - Strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep application device - Google Patents
Strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep application device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113424709B CN113424709B CN202110516185.1A CN202110516185A CN113424709B CN 113424709 B CN113424709 B CN 113424709B CN 202110516185 A CN202110516185 A CN 202110516185A CN 113424709 B CN113424709 B CN 113424709B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D89/00—Pick-ups for loaders, chaff-cutters, balers, field-threshers, or the like, i.e. attachments for picking-up hay or the like field crops
- A01D89/001—Pick-up systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
- A01D34/835—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes
- A01D34/8355—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes for cutting up or crushing remaining standing stalks, e.g. stubble
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention provides a strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep fertilizing device which comprises a differential double-roller fertilizing pipe, a shallow ditching shovel, a straw picking, smashing and deep burying device, a straw amount detection module and a stubble cutting disc, wherein the straw amount detection module is used for detecting the amount of straw on the ground surface, the stubble cutting disc is used for primarily cutting off long straw on the ground surface, the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device is used for completing smashing and deep burying processes of the straw, and the differential double-roller fertilizing pipe is matched with the shallow ditching shovel to realize the purpose of applying organic fertilizer on a deep straw applying layer. The invention provides an intelligent straw picking, crushing and deep burying scheme based on surface straw amount detection and a mechanical structure design, aiming at realizing more efficient straw deep burying, improving stubble cleaning width and ridging width in a strip operation process and realizing layered deep fertilization of straws and organic fertilizers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep application device.
Background
Strip cultivation is a new protective cultivation mode in China, and the strip cultivation in low-lying cold areas can reduce the straw amount of sowing seeds, increase the ground temperature, effectively disperse soil moisture, and create good seedbed conditions for subsequent no-tillage sowing. However, the stubble cleaning effect of the existing strip tillage machine is poor, and the ridging height is insufficient, so that the ground temperature is slowly increased.
The invention patent CN207531388 discloses an air flow strip straw collecting and deep burying returning machine, which realizes the operation links of straw crushing, conveying, burying, pressing and the like through the modes of stubble cleaning crushing and picking, straw conveying, ditching, soil covering, pressing and the like. The rotary furrow opener is used for ditching, the soil disturbance is large, the power consumption is large, and meanwhile, the device is large in size and complex in structure.
Utility model patent CN208210808 discloses a self-propelled air conveying straw buries machine deeply, can carry out the straw and pick up operations such as smashing, ditching, transport, regrinding, bury deeply, earthing suppression, can realize that the straw is buried deeply entirely. But the structure is complex, the straw can be crushed and deeply buried, and the function of layered deep application of the straw and the organic fertilizer is not realized.
In summary, how to solve the problems of insufficient stubble cleaning width, low ridging height and the like in the protective strip tillage operation becomes a problem to be solved urgently. Combine the technical advantage of strip farming and traditional ridging simultaneously, provide an operation mode that straw and fertilizer layering are deeply executed, realize the deep fertilizer of layering of straw and fertilizer, bury deeply straw on earth's surface in order to promote clear stubble width, utilize the straw that buries deeply and the fertilizer that applies deeply as soil filling matrix in order to promote ridging height.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome a series of defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep fertilizing device, which comprises a differential double-roller fertilizing tube 9, a shallow furrowing shovel 10, a straw picking and smashing deep burying device 13, a straw amount detection module 14 and a stubble cutting disc 15, and is characterized in that the straw amount detection module 14 detects the amount of straws on the ground surface, the stubble cutting disc 15 is used for primarily cutting off long straws on the ground surface, the straw picking and smashing deep burying device 13 is used for completing smashing and deep burying processes of the straws, and the differential double-roller fertilizing tube 9 is matched with the shallow furrowing shovel 10 to realize the application of organic fertilizer on the deep straw application layer.
Preferably, the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device 13 comprises a picking, smashing knife 1302, a four-bar profile 1303, a deep ditching profile 1304, a straw conveying hose 1305, a straw pressing wheel 1306, a deep ditching shovel 1307, a straw conveying fan 1308, a fan motor 1309, a rear baffle 1310, a straw collecting screw 1311 and a picking, smashing power motor 1312, wherein a detection signal of the straw amount detection module 14 is transmitted to a tractor cab terminal, the oil pressure of the picking, smashing power motor 1312 is controlled through a control system, variable speed rotation of the picking, smashing knife 1302 is achieved, and variable picking and smashing of the picking, smashing knife 1302 is further completed.
Preferably, when the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device 13 works, the picking and smashing cutter 1302 rotates at a high speed to pick up and smash the straws primarily cut off by the stubble cutting disc 15, the straws are thrown on the rear baffle 1310 under the combined action of the throwing force and the airflow field formed by the picking and smashing cutter 1302, the straws are separated from the surface soil through the sieve holes in the rear baffle 1310, the straws screened by the sieve holes fall into the straw collecting spiral 1311 by dead weight, the straws are collected by the straw collecting spiral 1311, the power of the straw collecting spiral 1311 is provided by the picking and smashing power motor 1312, and the power is transmitted through chain transmission to realize the fixed transmission ratio.
Preferably, the transported and collected straws enter an inlet of the straw transporting fan 1308, the straws are sucked into the straw transporting fan 1308 through negative pressure generated by the straw transporting fan 1308, then the straws are thrown into the straw conveying hose 1305 by a paddle type throwing device in the straw transporting fan 1308, deep ditching is realized by a profiling ditching device consisting of a deep ditching profiling 1304 and a deep ditching shovel 1307, the straw conveying hose 1305 injects the straws into a deep ditch, and then the straws are compacted by the straw pressing wheel 1306, so that the straws are prevented from being blown away by the positive pressure at an outlet of the straw conveying hose 1305.
Preferably, the picking and crushing cutter 1302 comprises an upper bionic saw blade 13201, a lower bionic saw blade 13203 and a side throwing plate 13022, the upper bionic saw blade 13201 and the lower bionic saw blade 13203 are designed according to the principle of chewing and crushing food by a locust mouth device, and the upper bionic saw blade 13201 and the lower bionic saw blade 13203 crush straws when the picking and crushing cutter 1302 rotates.
Preferably, a differential rotating fertilizer crushing and applying roller is arranged in the differential pair roller fertilizer applying pipe 9, and the fertilizer blocks can be crushed for the second time during operation; shallow ditching shovel 10 will bury deeply that straw layer surface soil peels off and does not destroy and bury deeply the straw layer, realizes shallow ditching.
Preferably, the device further comprises a power motor 1, a hydraulic pump station 2, a double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3, a screen 5, a chain row 11, a hydraulic oil cylinder 6 and a box body 4, wherein the power motor 1, the hydraulic pump station 2, the double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3, the screen 5, the chain row 11 and the hydraulic oil cylinder 6 are all installed on the box body 4 to form a fertilizer crushing and conveying box body, the power motor 1 transmits the power of the hydraulic pump station 2 to the double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3 to drive the double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3 to rotate, when fertilizer blocks are conveyed to the screen 5, the fertilizer blocks with qualified particle sizes are conveyed to the chain row 11 through the screen 5 under the screening effect of the screen 5, and the fertilizer blocks are conveyed to the rear of the fertilizer crushing and conveying box body to enter a differential-speed double-roller fertilizer application pipe 9 through the chain row 11.
Preferably, the fertilizer discharging amount of the crushed fertilizer conveying box body is jointly realized by adjusting the size of a fertilizer outlet through a hydraulic oil cylinder 6 and adjusting the rotating speed of a chain row 11 through a hydraulic pump station 2; the fertilizer blocks with unqualified particle sizes enter the operation area of the double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3 again under the action of the screen 5 to realize secondary crushing, and the process is repeated until the fertilizer blocks pass through the screen 5.
Preferably, the double-spiral fertilizer crushing knife 3 comprises a sawtooth fertilizer crushing knife 301, a rotary angle adjustable fertilizer crushing knife supporting seat 302, a fertilizer crushing knife shaft 303 and a power transmission shaft 304, power is transmitted to the power transmission shaft 304 by a hydraulic motor during operation of the double-spiral fertilizer crushing knife 3, then the power is transmitted to the sawtooth fertilizer crushing knife 301 through the fertilizer crushing knife shaft 303 to realize crushing of fertilizer blocks, and the rotary angle adjustable fertilizer crushing knife supporting seat 302 adjusts the rotary angle of the double-spiral fertilizer crushing knife 3 to adapt to the fertilizer crushing operation quality requirements of different fertilizer blocks
Preferably, the device still includes press wheel 7 and earthing disc 8, press wheel 7, earthing disc 8 all have the profile modeling function, and wherein two earthing discs 8 realize extrusion earthing ridging, realize the earthing with straw and fertilizer matrix layer and bury, accomplish the ridging process, and press wheel 7 carries out the suppression with the ridge type, accomplishes the ridging process up to this point, changes the soil condition in order to adapt to the different grade type to press wheel 7, earthing disc 8.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention provides a new scheme for layered deep application of straws and organic fertilizer aiming at the problems in the strip operation process, so that layered deep fertilizer of the straws and the organic fertilizer is realized, and a field state of 'straw off-fertilizer on-fertilizer' can be formed after the machine works;
2) the invention provides an intelligent straw picking, crushing and deep burying scheme based on surface straw amount detection and a mechanical structure design, aiming at realizing more efficient straw deep burying and improving stubble cleaning width and ridging width in the strip operation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep application device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fertilizer box and a fertilizer conveying transmission device in the strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep application device of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a straw picking, smashing and deep burying device in the strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep application device of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a picking-up crushing knife in the strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep-application device of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a double-spiral fertilizer crushing knife device in the strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep application device of the invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
1-a power motor, 2-a hydraulic pump station, 3-a double-spiral fertilizer crushing cutter, 4-a box body, 5-a screen, 6-a hydraulic oil cylinder, 7-a press wheel, 8-an earth covering disc, 9-a differential double-roller fertilizing tube, 10-a shallow ditching shovel, 11-a chain row, 12-a traveling wheel, 13-a straw picking and smashing deep burying device, 14-a straw amount detection module, 15-a stubble cutting disc and 16-a traction beam;
301-sawtooth fertilizer crushing knife, 302-corner adjustable fertilizer crushing knife supporting seat, 303-fertilizer crushing knife shaft and 304-power transmission shaft;
1301-a cover, 1302-a picking and crushing knife, 1303-a four-bar profile modeling, 1304-a deep ditching profile modeling, 1305-a straw conveying hose, 1306-a straw pressing wheel, 1307-a deep ditching shovel, 1308-a straw conveying fan, 1309-a fan motor, 1310-a rear baffle, 1311-a straw collecting screw and 1312-a picking and crushing power motor;
13201-upper bionic saw blade, 13022-side throwing plate, and 13023-lower bionic saw blade.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiments and the directional terms described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used in the explanation of the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In a wide embodiment of the invention, the strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep fertilizing device comprises a differential double-roller fertilizing pipe 9, a shallow furrowing shovel 10, a straw picking, smashing and deep burying device 13, a straw amount detection module 14 and a stubble cutting disc 15, and is characterized in that the straw amount detection module 14 detects the amount of straws on the ground surface, the stubble cutting disc 15 is used for primarily cutting off long straws on the ground surface, the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device 13 is used for completing smashing and deep burying processes of the straws, and the differential double-roller fertilizing pipe 9 is matched with the shallow furrowing shovel 10 to realize the organic fertilizer application on the deep straw layer.
Preferably, the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device 13 comprises a picking, smashing knife 1302, a four-bar profile 1303, a deep ditching profile 1304, a straw conveying hose 1305, a straw pressing wheel 1306, a deep ditching shovel 1307, a straw conveying fan 1308, a fan motor 1309, a rear baffle 1310, a straw collecting screw 1311 and a picking, smashing power motor 1312, wherein a detection signal of the straw amount detection module 14 is transmitted to a tractor cab terminal, the oil pressure of the picking, smashing power motor 1312 is controlled through a control system, variable speed rotation of the picking, smashing knife 1302 is achieved, and variable picking and smashing of the picking, smashing knife 1302 is further completed.
Preferably, when the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device 13 works, the picking and smashing cutter 1302 rotates at a high speed to pick up and smash the straws primarily cut off by the stubble cutting disc 15, the straws are thrown on the rear baffle 1310 under the combined action of the throwing force and the airflow field formed by the picking and smashing cutter 1302, the straws are separated from the surface soil through the sieve holes in the rear baffle 1310, the straws screened by the sieve holes fall into the straw collecting spiral 1311 by dead weight, the straws are collected by the straw collecting spiral 1311, the power of the straw collecting spiral 1311 is provided by the picking and smashing power motor 1312, and the power is transmitted through chain transmission to realize the fixed transmission ratio.
Preferably, the transported and collected straws enter an inlet of the straw transporting fan 1308, the straws are sucked into the straw transporting fan 1308 through negative pressure generated by the straw transporting fan 1308, then the straws are thrown into the straw conveying hose 1305 by a paddle type throwing device in the straw transporting fan 1308, deep ditching is realized by a profiling ditching device consisting of a deep ditching profiling 1304 and a deep ditching shovel 1307, the straw conveying hose 1305 injects the straws into a deep ditch, and then the straws are compacted by the straw pressing wheel 1306, so that the straws are prevented from being blown away by the positive pressure at an outlet of the straw conveying hose 1305.
Preferably, the picking and crushing cutter 1302 comprises an upper bionic saw blade 13201, a lower bionic saw blade 13203 and a side throwing plate 13022, the upper bionic saw blade 13201 and the lower bionic saw blade 13203 are designed according to the principle of chewing and crushing food by a locust mouth device, and the upper bionic saw blade 13201 and the lower bionic saw blade 13203 crush straws when the picking and crushing cutter 1302 rotates.
Preferably, a differential rotating fertilizer crushing and applying roller is arranged in the differential pair roller fertilizer applying pipe 9, and the fertilizer blocks can be crushed for the second time during operation; shallow ditching shovel 10 will bury deeply that straw layer surface soil peels off and does not destroy and bury deeply the straw layer, realizes shallow ditching.
Preferably, the device further comprises a power motor 1, a hydraulic pump station 2, a double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3, a screen 5, a chain row 11, a hydraulic oil cylinder 6 and a box body 4, wherein the power motor 1, the hydraulic pump station 2, the double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3, the screen 5, the chain row 11 and the hydraulic oil cylinder 6 are all installed on the box body 4 to form a fertilizer crushing and conveying box body, the power motor 1 transmits the power of the hydraulic pump station 2 to the double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3 to drive the double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3 to rotate, when fertilizer blocks are conveyed to the screen 5, the fertilizer blocks with qualified particle sizes are conveyed to the chain row 11 through the screen 5 under the screening effect of the screen 5, and the fertilizer blocks are conveyed to the rear of the fertilizer crushing and conveying box body to enter a differential-speed double-roller fertilizer application pipe 9 through the chain row 11.
Preferably, the fertilizer discharging amount of the crushed fertilizer conveying box body is jointly realized by adjusting the size of a fertilizer outlet through a hydraulic oil cylinder 6 and adjusting the rotating speed of a chain row 11 through a hydraulic pump station 2; the fertilizer blocks with unqualified particle sizes enter the operation area of the double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3 again under the action of the screen 5 to realize secondary crushing, and the process is repeated until the fertilizer blocks pass through the screen 5.
Preferably, the double-spiral fertilizer crushing knife 3 comprises a sawtooth fertilizer crushing knife 301, a rotary angle adjustable fertilizer crushing knife supporting seat 302, a fertilizer crushing knife shaft 303 and a power transmission shaft 304, power is transmitted to the power transmission shaft 304 by a hydraulic motor during operation of the double-spiral fertilizer crushing knife 3, then the power is transmitted to the sawtooth fertilizer crushing knife 301 through the fertilizer crushing knife shaft 303 to realize crushing of fertilizer blocks, and the rotary angle adjustable fertilizer crushing knife supporting seat 302 adjusts the rotary angle of the double-spiral fertilizer crushing knife 3 to adapt to the fertilizer crushing operation quality requirements of different fertilizer blocks
Preferably, the device still includes press wheel 7 and earthing disc 8, press wheel 7, earthing disc 8 all have the profile modeling function, and wherein two earthing discs 8 realize extrusion earthing ridging, realize the earthing with straw and fertilizer matrix layer and bury, accomplish the ridging process, and press wheel 7 carries out the suppression with the ridge type, accomplishes the ridging process up to this point, changes the soil condition in order to adapt to the different grade type to press wheel 7, earthing disc 8.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep-fertilizing device comprises a power motor 1, a hydraulic pump station 2, a double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3, a box body 4, a screen 5, a hydraulic oil cylinder 6, a press wheel 7, an earthing disc 8, a differential double-roller fertilizing pipe 9, a shallow ditching shovel 10, a chain row 11, a traveling wheel 12, a straw picking, crushing and deep-burying device 13, a straw amount detection module 14, a stubble cutting disc 15 and a traction beam 16.
As shown in fig. 3, the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device 13 mainly comprises a housing 1301, a picking, smashing knife 1302, a four-bar profile 1303, a deep ditching profile 1304, a straw conveying hose 1305, a straw pressing wheel 1306, a deep ditching shovel 1307, a straw conveying fan 1308, a fan motor 1309, a rear baffle 1310, a straw collecting spiral 1311 and a picking, smashing power motor 1312. The straw picking quality can be improved by adopting an intelligent picking and crushing scheme, so that the stubble cleaning quality is improved; in addition, the straw amount detection module 14 can be in butt joint with the Internet of things platform to upload detected straw amount information to the cloud platform, so that corresponding data support can be provided for subsequent field management operations such as intertillage and plant protection.
When the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device 13 works, the stubble cutting disc 15 primarily cuts off long straws on the ground, the picking, smashing and cutting knife 1302 rotates at a high speed to pick up and smash the straws, in the process, the straws are thrown onto the rear baffle 1310 under the combined action of the throwing force and the airflow field formed by the picking, smashing and cutting knife 1302, separation of the straws and the soil on the ground is realized through the sieve holes in the rear baffle 1310, the straws screened by the sieve holes fall into the straw collecting spiral 1311 by dead weight, the straws are collected by the straw collecting spiral 1311, the power of the straw collecting spiral 1311 is also provided by the picking, smashing and power transmission is realized by chain transmission by fixing the transmission ratio of the straws. The transported and collected straws enter the straw transporting fan 1308 port, the straws are sucked into the straw transporting fan 1308 through the negative pressure of the fan, then the straws are thrown into the straw conveying hose 1305 by the paddle type throwing device in the fan, the deep ditching is realized by the profiling ditching device consisting of the deep ditching profiling 1304 and the deep ditching shovel 1307, the straws are injected into a deep ditch by the straw conveying hose 1305, then the straws are compacted by the straw pressing wheel 1306, the straws are prevented from being blown away by the positive pressure at the outlet of the straw conveying hose 1305, and the straw deep burying process is completed.
The picking and crushing knife 1302 can replace blades in different forms according to the difference of ground surface straw crushing states, and in order to meet the requirements of the design and improve the condition that the flail knife on the straw returning machine is not ideal for straw picking and crushing, the flail knife which can take both picking and crushing is designed, as shown in fig. 4, so as to improve the straw crushing and picking effect. The main structure of the device comprises an upper bionic saw blade 13201, a lower bionic saw blade 13203 and a side edge throwing plate 13022, wherein the bionic saw blade is processed and imitated after the boundary line of the locust mouth device is extracted and analyzed, the upper and lower saw blades efficiently smash straws when the picking and smashing knife 1302 rotates, and the side edge throwing plate 13022 can generate a stronger airflow field to improve the backward throwing efficiency of the straws.
The power motor 1, the hydraulic pump station 2, the double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter 3, the box body 4, the screen 5, the chain row 11 and the hydraulic oil cylinder 6 are all arranged on the box body 4 to form a fertilizer crushing and conveying box body. The power motor 1 transmits the power of the hydraulic pump station 2 to the double-spiral fertilizer crushing cutter 3 to drive the double-spiral fertilizer crushing cutter 3 to rotate, so that preliminary crushing and transportation of organic fertilizer blocks are realized, when the fertilizer blocks are transported to the screen 5, the fertilizer blocks with qualified particle sizes are transported to the chain row 11 through the screen 5 under the screening effect of the screen 5, the fertilizer blocks are transported to the rear part of a fertilizer crushing and conveying box body through the chain row 11, and finally the fertilizer discharging amount of the fertilizer box is controlled by adjusting the size of a fertilizer outlet through the hydraulic oil cylinder 6 and adjusting the rotating speed of the chain row 11 through the hydraulic motor; in addition, the fertilizer blocks with unqualified particle sizes enter the operation area of the double-spiral fertilizer crushing cutter 3 again under the action of the screen 5 to realize secondary crushing and repeating till the fertilizer blocks pass through the screen 5; the fertilizer blocks with qualified grain diameter enter the differential double-roller fertilizing pipe 9.
As shown in fig. 5, the double spiral crushing blade 3 comprises a sawtooth-shaped crushing blade 301, a corner-adjustable crushing blade support base 302, a crushing blade shaft 303 and a power transmission shaft 304, wherein the power is transmitted to the power transmission shaft 304 by a hydraulic motor during the operation of the double spiral crushing blade 3, and then is transmitted to the sawtooth-shaped crushing blade 301 through the crushing blade shaft 303 to realize the crushing of fertilizer blocks, the sawtooth-shaped crushing blade 301 is provided with sawteeth, so that the crushing rate is higher during the crushing operation, and the adhesion is not easy, and in addition, the corner-adjustable crushing blade support base 302 can adjust the rotation angle of the double spiral crushing blade 3 to meet the operation quality requirements of different fertilizer blocks.
The differential double-roller fertilizing tube 9 and the shallow furrowing shovel 10 are characterized in that a differential rotary fertilizer crushing and applying roller is arranged in the differential double-roller fertilizing tube 9, so that a fertilizer block can be crushed for the second time during operation, the fertilizer block is prevented from being blocked in the deep application process, the grain diameter of the fertilizer block can be better ensured to be small enough, and the problem of incompact subsequent compacting is prevented; shallow ditching shovel 10 will bury deeply that straw layer surface soil peels off and does not destroy and bury deeply the straw layer, realizes shallow ditching. The differential double-roller fertilizing pipe 9 and the shallow ditching shovel 10 are matched to realize the covering application of organic fertilizer on the deep straw application layer.
The compacting wheel 7, earthing disc 8 all have the profile modeling function, and wherein two earthing discs 8 can realize extrusion earthing ridging, realize the earthing with straw and fertilizer matrix layer and bury, accomplish the ridging process, and the compacting wheel 7 carries out the suppression with the ridge type, accomplishes the ridging process so far. The press wheel 7 and the earthing disc 8 can be replaced to adapt to different types of soil conditions.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep fertilizing device comprises a differential double-roller fertilizing pipe (9), a shallow furrowing shovel (10), a straw picking, smashing and deep burying device (13), a straw amount detection module (14) and a stubble cutting disc (15), and is characterized in that the straw amount detection module (14) detects the amount of straws on the ground surface, the stubble cutting disc (15) is used for primarily cutting off long straws on the ground surface, the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device (13) is used for completing the smashing and deep burying processes of the straws, and the differential double-roller fertilizing pipe (9) is matched with the shallow furrowing shovel (10) to realize the application of the organic fertilizer on a deep-applied straw layer;
the strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep-fertilizing device also comprises a power motor (1), a hydraulic pump station (2), a double-helix fertilizer crushing knife (3), a screen (5), a chain row (11), a hydraulic oil cylinder (6), a box body (4) and a traction beam (16), the power motor (1), the hydraulic pump station (2), the double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter (3), the screen (5), the chain row (11) and the hydraulic oil cylinder (6) are all arranged on the box body (4) to form a fertilizer crushing and conveying box body, wherein the power motor (1) transmits the power of the hydraulic pump station (2) to the double spiral fertilizer crushing knife (3) to drive the double spiral fertilizer crushing knife (3) to rotate, when the fertilizer blocks are transported to the screen (5), the fertilizer blocks with qualified grain size are transported to the chain row (11) through the screen (5) by utilizing the screening effect of the screen (5), and the fertilizer blocks are transported to the rear part of the broken fertilizer transporting box body by the chain row (11) and enter the differential double-roller fertilizing pipe (9);
the fertilizer discharging amount of the fertilizer crushing and conveying box body is jointly realized by adjusting the size of a fertilizer outlet through a hydraulic oil cylinder (6) and adjusting the rotating speed of a chain row (11) through a hydraulic pump station (2); the fertilizer blocks with unqualified particle sizes enter the operation area of the double-helix fertilizer crushing cutter (3) again under the action of the screen (5) to realize secondary crushing, and the steps are repeated until the fertilizer blocks pass through the screen (5);
the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device (13) comprises a housing (1301), a picking, smashing knife (1302), a four-rod profiling (1303), a deep ditching profiling (1304), a straw conveying hose (1305), a straw pressing wheel (1306), a deep ditching shovel (1307), a straw conveying fan (1308), a fan motor (1309), a rear baffle (1310), a straw collecting screw (1311) and a picking, smashing power motor (1312), wherein the four-rod profiling (1303) connects the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device (13) to a traction beam (16) through a U-shaped bolt, the fan motor (1309) is fixed on the straw conveying fan (1308), the straw collecting screw (1311) is fixed on the housing (1301), a detection signal of the straw amount detection module (14) is transmitted to a tractor cab terminal, the oil pressure of the picking, smashing power motor (1312) is controlled through a control system, and variable-speed rotation of the picking, smashing knife (1302) is realized, further completing the variable picking and smashing of the picking and smashing knife (1302);
when the straw picking, smashing and deep burying device (13) works, a picking and smashing cutter (1302) rotates at a high speed to pick up and smash straws primarily cut off by a stubble cutting disc (15), the straws are thrown onto a rear baffle plate (1310) under the combined action of a rear throwing force and an air flow field formed by the picking and smashing cutter (1302), separation of the straws and surface soil is realized through sieve holes on the rear baffle plate (1310), the straws screened by the sieve holes fall into a straw collecting spiral (1311) by means of dead weight, the straws are collected by the straw collecting spiral (1311), power of the straw collecting spiral (1311) is provided by a picking and smashing power motor (1312), and power transmission is carried out through chain transmission to realize fixed transmission ratio;
the transported and collected straws enter an inlet of a straw transporting fan (1308), the straws are sucked into the straw transporting fan (1308) through negative pressure generated by the straw transporting fan (1308), then the straws are thrown into a straw conveying hose (1305) by a paddle type throwing device in the straw transporting fan (1308), deep ditching is realized by a profiling ditching device consisting of a deep ditching profiling (1304) and a deep ditching shovel (1307), the straw conveying hose (1305) injects the straws into a deep ditch, and then the straws are compacted by a straw pressing wheel (1306), so that the straws are prevented from being blown away by the positive pressure at the outlet of the straw conveying hose (1305).
2. The strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep application device of claim 1, wherein the picking-up crushing knife (1302) comprises an upper bionic saw blade (13201), a lower bionic saw blade (13203) and a side throwing plate (13022), the upper bionic saw blade (13201) and the lower bionic saw blade (13203) are designed according to the principle of chewing and crushing food by a locust mouth device, and the upper bionic saw blade (13201) and the lower bionic saw blade (13203) crush the straw when the picking-up crushing knife (1302) rotates; the side throwing plate (13022) is fixedly connected to the cutter body of the picking and crushing cutter (1302).
3. The strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep applicator as claimed in claim 1, wherein a differential rotating fertilizer crushing and applying roller is arranged in the differential roller fertilizing tube (9) and can crush fertilizer blocks for the second time during operation; shallow ditching shovel (10) will bury deeply that straw layer surface soil peels off and do not destroy and bury deeply the straw layer, realize shallow ditching.
4. The strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep fertilizing device of claim 1, wherein the double-spiral fertilizer crushing cutter (3) comprises a sawtooth fertilizer crushing cutter (301), a corner adjustable fertilizer crushing cutter supporting seat (302), a fertilizer crushing cutter shaft (303) and a power transmission shaft (304), when the double-spiral fertilizer crushing cutter (3) works, a hydraulic motor transmits power to the power transmission shaft (304), then the power is transmitted to the sawtooth fertilizer crushing cutter (301) through the fertilizer crushing cutter shaft (303) to realize the crushing of fertilizer blocks, and the corner adjustable fertilizer crushing cutter supporting seat (302) adjusts the rotating angle of the double-spiral fertilizer crushing cutter (3) to adapt to the requirements of the fertilizer crushing quality of different fertilizer blocks.
5. The strip no-tillage straw and organic fertilizer layered deep application device of claim 1, further comprising a press wheel (7) and an earthing disc (8), wherein the press wheel (7) and the earthing disc (8) both have a profiling function, wherein the double earthing disc (8) realizes extrusion, earthing and ridging, the straw and the organic fertilizer substrate layer are buried in an earthing manner, a ridging process is completed, the press wheel (7) presses ridge shapes, so far, the ridging process is completed, and the press wheel (7) and the earthing disc (8) are replaced to adapt to different types of soil conditions.
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| CN101253831B (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2011-12-07 | 杨学仁 | Pasturage combine harvesting disintergrator |
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| CN101537645B (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-12-29 | 李秉江 | Transversely cutting device of paper cutter with double flying knives and method for adjusting length and squareness of cut paper |
| CN203675560U (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-07-02 | 山东省农业机械科学研究院 | Corn planter with strip straw mulching rotary tillage and fertilization functions |
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| BR102019004991B1 (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2020-03-03 | Adolfo Horowicz | AGRICULTURAL TRUCK WITH CRUSHED CULTURE TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR DIRECTION OF GREEN FERTILIZER |
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