CN113396787A - Symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for rice and shrimps - Google Patents
Symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for rice and shrimps Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding of rice and shrimps and discloses a green three-dimensional breeding method for preventing natural enemies of symbiosis of rice and shrimps; the method comprises the following steps: s1, finishing the rice field; s2, reforming a clip shrimp ditch; s3, carrying out primary lobster breeding; s4, secondarily breeding lobsters; s5, carrying out three-time lobster breeding; the crayfish bred by the method is rich in nutrition, high in protein and vitamin content, excellent in effects of growth and development of human bodies, physique enhancement and disease prevention, hard outside and soft inside, pure in taste, suitable for being made of various tastes, extremely high in goodback through feedback of restaurants, and endless in aftertaste after being eaten by customers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding of rice and shrimps, and particularly relates to a symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional breeding method for rice and shrimps.
Background
The crayfish is a freshwater economic crayfish, is popular with people due to delicious meat, forms absolute competitive advantage in local ecological environment due to omnivorous property, high growth speed and strong adaptability, has the feeding range comprising aquatic weeds, algae, aquatic insects, animal carcasses and the like, and kills the crayfish by itself when food is deficient, and has become an important economic breeding variety in China in recent years.
Crayfish is generally bred in shallow water ponds, the bait feeding amount is large, the breeding cost is not favorably reduced, in addition, the crayfish is a omnivorous animal, the crayfish needs to be shelled in the growth and development process and grows in the shallow water environment, the self-defense capability to natural enemies such as water and birds is weak, the matching degree of the environment of a paddy field and the growth environment of the crayfish is quite high in the rice planting process in China, and therefore, the green three-dimensional breeding method for the symbiosis of the rice and the crayfish and preventing the natural enemies is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for symbiotic natural enemy prevention of green three-dimensional planting of rice and shrimps.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for rice and shrimps comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging rice fields, selecting the rice fields which are close to water sources, have sufficient water quantity, convenient irrigation and drainage, drought and flood conservation, convenient transportation and no pollution, wherein the area of each field is 3-5 mu, the rice field is finished, fertilized and disinfected, so that the soil fertility and good water retention performance are ensured, the rice field is leveled, arranging loop-shaped shrimp ditches around the rice field, wherein the area of the loop-shaped shrimp ditches is 8-12% of the whole area of the rice field, the depth of the loop-shaped shrimp ditches is 1.3-1.7m, the water depth is kept to be 0.8-1.2m, the depth of field plates is 0.8-1m, the water depth of the field plates is kept to be 0.3-0.5m, anti-escape nets are arranged on the field ridges, the height of the anti-escape nets is 30-50cm, water inlet and outlet ports of the rice field are sealed and tied firmly by double-layer dense nets or nylon nets, the lobsters can be prevented from escaping and natural enemies can be prevented from entering the water inlet and outlet ports of the rice field, and the filter pore diameters of the double-layer dense nets or the nylon nets are 60-80 meshes;
s2: reforming the clip shrimp ditch, planting aquatic crops on the bottom of the clip shrimp ditch and the field plates of the rice field, keeping the distance between the aquatic crops in the planting process, wherein the aquatic crops account for 50-80% of the area of the clip shrimp ditch, the ratio of the density of the aquatic crops in the clip shrimp ditch to the density of the aquatic crops in the field plates is 2: 1, and the aquatic crops account for 30-35% of the total area of the rice field;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of breeding lobsters once, namely, in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, using overwintering seedlings at the mouths of fine breeding ponds, putting 4000 fries of the crayfish per mu, alternately feeding fresh small trash fish and shrimp with pellet feed in the beginning of spring, feeding 1.5kg of dry materials or 3kg of fresh broken fish particles per mu every day, gradually increasing the feed feeding amount, increasing 0.5kg of dry materials and 1kg of fish particles per mu every 5 days until the fries are put for 1 month, feeding 5kg of dry materials or 10kg of dry fish particles per mu every day, checking the crayfish under a net 45 days after the fries are put, and fishing the crayfish again when the crayfish reaches 34-36 fries/kg;
s4, performing secondary culture of lobsters, namely performing rice seedling on a field plate in 5 months, adjusting the water level after field planting of the seedlings, sowing the rice seedlings for 3-5 days, putting the second-season shrimp seedlings into the field, performing various work water surface management such as bait, timed water change and the like in the process of culturing the lobsters, wherein the transparency of a water body is required to be 25-40 cm, putting aquatic animals for adjusting the water quality, sprinkling 10-15kg of quicklime into each mu of water for water dissolution every 15-20 days during culture, catching big and small lobsters in cages every day in 7 months, screening the lobsters to go to the market and cleaning the lobsters in September;
s5: three times of lobsters are cultivated, after the adult lobsters in the second season are harvested, the occupied area of aquatic crops in the rice field is recovered to 40-60% of the total area of the rice field, early seedlings in autumn are thrown in the middle and late ten days of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months, the seedling throwing amount per mu is increased properly, about 5000 seedlings are thrown in each mu of water surface, medium and small-sized shrimp seedlings with 300 fishes/kg are selected, processed baits or animal viscera are thrown to promote the lobsters to enter winter, rice is harvested according to the mature quality of the rice in 10 months to 11 months, the feeding amount is determined according to weather and water temperature, the water temperature is above 20 ℃, 5-7 kg/mu is thrown in each mu of day, when the water temperature is 15-20 ℃, the feeding amount is 3-4 kg/mu of water, when the water temperature is 10-15 ℃, the feeding amount is 1-3 kg/mu of water, when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the feed amount is stopped, when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in each day, the water injection amount of the pond, reaching the highest water level of the pond, keeping the water over the winter, and keeping the water for recapture until the next three months.
Preferably, a cross-shaped ditch is dug in the middle of the inside of the rice field in S1 and is connected with the clip-shaped shrimp ditches, the width of the cross-shaped ditch is 0.4-0.5m, the depth of the cross-shaped ditch is 1.1-1.3m, the relatively high water level of the rice field for shrimp culture in high-temperature seasons is favorably kept, and the adult shrimp fishing is favorably realized.
Preferably, the aquatic crops in S2 are one or more of cucurbits, elodea nutgrass, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass and water peanuts.
Preferably, the bait in S4 can be aquatic crops in S2, or plant straws of barley, wheat, broad beans, rice and the like, and partially smashed snails, small trash fishes and animal viscera can be thrown in the growing period, but the water quality needs to be paid attention to prevent the water quality from being turbid due to the bait, and the water needs to be changed as soon as possible when the water quality is turbid.
Preferably, in the step S4, the aquatic animals are one or more of crabs, river snails, clams, turtles, silver carps, spotted silver carps and loaches, and 30-50 fishes per mu are thrown for regulating and controlling the water quality of the spotted silver carps or white lotus seeds.
Preferably, the rice in the rice fields in S4 and S5 needs to strictly control the use times of the pest control pesticide during the growth process, when the pesticide needs to be applied, the rice is firstly drained to the surface exposed to the field, then the high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticide water is sprayed on the stem and leaf surfaces of the rice, and the spray head inclines upwards along the wind, so that the water quality pollution caused by the pesticide is reduced as much as possible to poison the shrimp bodies.
Preferably, the rice in the rice fields in S4 and S5 needs to be topdressed during the growth process, the fertilizer is urea, calcium superphosphate or organic fertilizer, and the number of topdressing times during the growth process of the rice in the rice fields in S4 and S5 is no more than three.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for rice and shrimps, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the crayfish bred by the invention is rich in nutrition, high in protein and vitamin content, excellent in effects of growing and developing human bodies, enhancing physique and preventing diseases, hard outside and soft inside, pure in taste, suitable for being made into various tastes, extremely high in goodbeck after being fed back by each restaurant, and endless in aftertaste after being eaten by customers.
2. According to the invention, partial steps in the culture process can be mechanically cultured, so that the workload of farmers is reduced, the material requirement is lower, the culture cost is low, the income of the farmers can be effectively increased, the application and production of the rice field are improved, the economic benefit is higher, and the praise of the farmers is obtained;
3. the rice grains produced by the method are full, the constant quantity is higher, the difference with the rice planted normally is not too large, the crayfish produced by the embodiment is delicious in taste, excellent in mouthfeel and high in yield, the crayfish bred by the embodiment is large in size, the number of sold crayfish is 30-35 per kg, the survival rate is 85-90%, and the crayfish is highly praised by farmers.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for symbiosis of rice and shrimps and prevention of natural enemies.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, a symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting method for rice and shrimps comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging a paddy field, selecting a paddy field which is close to a water source, has sufficient water quantity, is convenient to drain and irrigate, is capable of protecting against drought and waterlogging, is convenient to transport and has no pollution, wherein the area of a field block is 3-5 mu, arranging, fertilizing and sterilizing the paddy field, ensuring that the soil is fertile, the water retention performance is good, the paddy field is smooth, round shrimp ditches are arranged around the paddy field, the area of each round shrimp ditch is 12% of the whole area of the paddy field, the depth of each round shrimp ditch is 1.7m, the water depth is kept to be 0.8m, the depth of each field ridge is 1m, the water depth of each field ridge is kept to be 0.5m, an anti-escape net is arranged on each ridge of the paddy field, the height of the anti-escape net is 30cm, the water inlet and outlet of the paddy field are firmly sealed by a double-layer dense net or a nylon net, and both the lobsters can be prevented from escaping and natural enemies can be prevented, and the filter hole diameter of the double-layer dense net or the nylon net is 80 meshes;
s2: reforming the clip shrimp ditch, planting aquatic crops on the bottom of the clip shrimp ditch and the field plates of the rice field, keeping the distance between the aquatic crops in the planting process, wherein the aquatic crops account for 50 percent of the area of the clip shrimp ditch, the ratio of the density of the aquatic crops in the clip shrimp ditch to the density of the aquatic crops in the field plates is 2: 1, and the aquatic crops account for 30 percent of the total area of the rice field;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of breeding lobsters once, namely, in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, using overwintering seedlings at the mouths of fine breeding ponds, putting 4000 fries of the crayfish per mu, alternately feeding fresh small trash fish and shrimp with pellet feed in the beginning of spring, feeding 1.5kg of dry materials or 3kg of fresh broken fish particles per mu every day, gradually increasing the feed feeding amount, increasing 0.5kg of dry materials and 1kg of fish particles per mu every 5 days until the fries are put for 1 month, feeding 5kg of dry materials or 10kg of dry fish particles per mu every day, checking the crayfish under a net 45 days after the fries are put, and fishing the crayfish again when the crayfish reaches 34-36 fries/kg;
s4, performing secondary culture of lobsters, performing rice seedling in field plates of the rice field in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, adjusting water level after field planting of the seedlings, sowing the rice seedlings for 3-5 days, putting the second-season shrimp seedlings into the rice field, performing various work water surface management such as bait, timing water change and the like in the cultivation process of the lobsters, wherein the transparency of a water body is required to be 30cm, putting aquatic animals for adjusting water quality, splashing 10kg of dissolved water by using quicklime every mu every 15 days during cultivation, catching big and small lobsters in the middle and last ten days of 7 months of the year when the rice enters a tillering peak period, screening the lobsters to go into the market every day, and finishing the primary cleaning in September;
s5: three times of lobsters are cultivated, after the adult lobsters in the second season are harvested, the occupied area of aquatic crops in the rice field is recovered to 40% of the total area of the rice field, early seedlings bred in autumn are thrown in the middle and late ten days of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months, the seedling throwing amount per mu is increased properly, about 5000 seedlings are thrown in each mu of water surface, medium and small-sized shrimp seedlings of 300 tails/kg are selected, processed baits or animal viscera are thrown to promote the lobsters to grow and fatten in winter, the rice is harvested according to the mature quality of the rice in 10 months to 11 months, the feeding amount depends on weather and water temperature, the water temperature is above 20 ℃, 5-7 kg/mu is fed every mu of day, when the water temperature is 15-20 ℃, the feeding amount is 3-4 kg/mu, when the water temperature is 10-15 ℃, the feeding amount is 1-3 kg/mu, when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the feed is stopped, and when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃ day, the water injection amount of the pond is increased, reaching the highest water level of the pond, keeping the water over the winter, and keeping the water for recapture until the next three months.
A cross ditch is dug in the middle of the interior of the rice field in S1 and is connected with the clip-shaped shrimp ditch, the width of the cross ditch is 0.4m, the depth of the cross ditch is 1.1m, the relatively high water level of the shrimp-culturing rice field in high-temperature seasons is favorably kept, and the adult shrimp fishing is favorably realized.
S2 the aquatic crop is one or more of calabash, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, and water peanut.
The bait in S4 can be aquatic crops in S2, and can also be plant straws of barley, wheat, broad beans, rice and the like, and the partially smashed spiral shells, small trash fishes and animal viscera can be thrown in the growing period, but the water quality needs to be paid attention to prevent the water quality from being turbid due to the bait, and the water needs to be changed as soon as possible when the water quality is turbid.
S4 the aquatic animals are one or more of crab, river snail, mussel, turtle, silver carp, spotted silver carp and loach, for example, 50 fishes per mu are thrown to the silver carp or white lotus to regulate water quality.
When the rice in the rice fields of S4 and S5 needs to strictly control the using times of the pesticide for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in the growing process, if the pesticide needs to be applied, the rice is firstly drained to the surface of the rice field, then the high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticide is sprayed on the stem and leaf surfaces of the rice, and the spray head inclines upwards along the wind, so that the water quality polluted by the pesticide is reduced to the greatest extent and the shrimp bodies are poisoned.
The rice in the S4 and S5 rice fields needs to be topdressed during the growth process, the fertilizer is more urea, calcium superphosphate or organic fertilizer, and the topdressing times of the rice in the S4 and S5 rice fields are not more than three times during the growth process.
Example 1: through tests, the rice grains produced by the embodiment are full, the constant quantity is higher, the rice grains are not greatly different from that of the rice grains normally planted, the crayfish produced by the embodiment is delicious in taste, excellent in mouthfeel and high in yield, the crayfish bred by the embodiment is large in size, the number of the sold crayfish is 30-35 per kg, the survival rate is 85-90%, and the crayfish is highly praised by farmers.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1, a symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting method for rice and shrimps comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging a paddy field, selecting a paddy field which is close to a water source, has sufficient water quantity, is convenient to drain and irrigate, is protected against drought and waterlogging, is convenient to transport and has no pollution, wherein the area of a field block is 5 mu, arranging, fertilizing and sterilizing the paddy field, ensuring that the soil is fertile and the water retention performance is good, the paddy field is smooth, round-shaped shrimp ditches are arranged around the paddy field, the area of the round-shaped shrimp ditches is 12 percent of the whole area of the paddy field, the depth of the round-shaped shrimp ditches is 1.7m, the water depth is kept to be 1.2m, the depth of field panels is 0.8-1m, the water depth of the field panels is kept to be 0.3m, anti-escape nets are arranged on the field banks, the heights of the anti-escape nets are 50cm, the water inlet and outlet ports of the paddy field are firmly sealed by double-layer dense nets or nylon nets, the lobsters can be prevented from escaping and natural enemies can be prevented, and the filter hole diameters of the double-layer dense nets or the nylon nets are 80 meshes;
s2: reforming a clip shrimp ditch, planting aquatic crops on the bottom of the clip shrimp ditch and the field plates of the rice field, keeping the spacing in the planting process of the aquatic crops, wherein the aquatic crops account for 60 percent of the area of the clip shrimp ditch, the ratio of the density of the aquatic crops in the clip shrimp ditch to the density of the aquatic crops in the field plates is 2: 1, the total area of the rice field is 30 percent, and the area of the pond is 33 percent;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of breeding lobsters once, namely, in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, using overwintering seedlings at the mouths of fine breeding ponds, putting 4000 fries of the crayfish per mu, alternately feeding fresh small trash fish and shrimp with pellet feed in the beginning of spring, feeding 1.5kg of dry materials or 3kg of fresh broken fish particles per mu every day, gradually increasing the feed feeding amount, increasing 0.5kg of dry materials and 1kg of fish particles per mu every 5 days until the fries are put for 1 month, feeding 5kg of dry materials or 10kg of dry fish particles per mu every day, checking the crayfish under a net 45 days after the fries are put, and fishing the crayfish again when the crayfish reaches 34-36 fries/kg;
s4, performing secondary culture of lobsters, performing rice seedling in a field plate of the rice field in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, adjusting the water level after field planting of the seedlings, sowing the rice seedlings for 3-5 days, putting the second-season shrimp seedlings into the rice field, performing various work water surface management such as bait, timing water change and the like in the cultivation process of the lobsters, wherein the transparency of a water body is required to be 30cm, putting aquatic animals for adjusting the water quality, splashing 15kg of quicklime dissolved water per mu every 18 days during cultivation, when the rice enters a tillering peak period in the middle and last 7 months of the year, catching big and small lobsters in a cage every day, screening the lobsters to go to the market, and finishing the primary cleaning in September;
s5: three times of lobsters are cultivated, after the adult lobsters in the second season are harvested, the occupied area of aquatic crops in the paddy field is recovered to be 60% of the total area of the paddy field, early seedlings bred in autumn are thrown in the late ten days of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months, the seedling throwing amount per mu is increased appropriately, about 5000 seedlings are thrown in each mu of water surface, medium and small-sized shrimp seedlings of 250 tails/kg are selected, processed baits or animal viscera are thrown to promote the lobsters to grow and fatten in winter, the rice is harvested according to the mature quality of the rice in 10 months to 11 months, the feeding amount depends on the weather and the water temperature, the water temperature is above 20 ℃, 7 kg/mu is thrown in each mu of days, when the water temperature is 120 ℃, the feeding amount is 4 kg/mu, when the water temperature is 10-15 ℃, the feeding amount is 3 kg/mu, when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the feed feeding amount is stopped, when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the water injection amount is increased, the highest pond is reached, and the water is kept over winter, keeping the three months in the next year for recapture.
A cross ditch is dug in the middle of the interior of the rice field of S1 and is connected with the clip-shaped shrimp ditch, the width of the cross ditch is 0.4-0.5m, the depth of the cross ditch is 1.1-1.3m, the cross ditch is beneficial to keeping relatively high water level in the shrimp-breeding rice field in high-temperature seasons and is beneficial to catching adult shrimps.
S2 the aquatic crop is one or more of calabash, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, and water peanut.
The bait in S4 can be aquatic crops in S2, and can also be plant straws of barley, wheat, broad beans, rice and the like, and the partially smashed spiral shells, small trash fishes and animal viscera can be thrown in the growing period, but the water quality needs to be paid attention to prevent the water quality from being turbid due to the bait, and the water needs to be changed as soon as possible when the water quality is turbid.
S4 the aquatic animals are one or more of crab, river snail, mussel, turtle, silver carp, spotted silver carp and loach, for example, 30-50 pieces per mu of spotted silver carp or white lotus are needed to regulate water quality.
When the rice in the rice fields of S4 and S5 needs to strictly control the using times of the pesticide for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in the growing process, if the pesticide needs to be applied, the rice is firstly drained to the surface of the rice field, then the high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticide is sprayed on the stem and leaf surfaces of the rice, and the spray head inclines upwards along the wind, so that the water quality polluted by the pesticide is reduced to the greatest extent and the shrimp bodies are poisoned.
The rice in the S4 and S5 rice fields needs to be topdressed during the growth process, the fertilizer is more urea, calcium superphosphate or organic fertilizer, and the topdressing times of the rice in the S4 and S5 rice fields are not more than three times during the growth process.
Example 2: through tests, the rice grains produced by the embodiment are full, the constant quantity is higher, the rice grains are not greatly different from that of the rice grains normally planted, the crayfish produced by the embodiment is delicious in taste, excellent in mouthfeel and high in yield, the crayfish bred by the embodiment is large in size, the number of the sold crayfish is 30-35 per kg, the survival rate is 90-93%, and the crayfish is highly praised by farmers.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 1, a symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting method for rice and shrimps comprises the following steps:
s1: arranging a paddy field, selecting a paddy field which is close to a water source, has sufficient water quantity, is convenient to drain and irrigate, is protected against drought and waterlogging, is convenient to transport and has no pollution, wherein the area of a field block is 3-5 mu, arranging, fertilizing and sterilizing the paddy field, ensuring that the soil is fertile, the water retention performance is good, the paddy field is smooth, round shrimp ditches are arranged around the paddy field, the area of each round shrimp ditch is 12 percent of the whole area of the paddy field, the depth of each round shrimp ditch is 1.5m, the water depth is kept to be 0.8m, the depth of a field plate is 1m, the water depth of the field plate is kept to be 0.3-0.5m, an anti-escape net is arranged on a ridge of the paddy field, the height of the anti-escape net is 40cm, the water inlet and outlet of the paddy field are firmly sealed by a double-layer dense net or a nylon net, so that the lobsters can be prevented from escaping and natural enemies can;
s2: reforming a clip shrimp ditch, planting aquatic crops on the bottom of the clip shrimp ditch and the field plates of the rice field, keeping the spacing in the planting process of the aquatic crops, wherein the aquatic crops account for 50 percent of the area of the clip shrimp ditch, the ratio of the density of the aquatic crops in the clip shrimp ditch to the density of the aquatic crops in the field plates is 2: 1, the total area of the rice field is 30 percent, and the area of the pond is 33 percent;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of breeding lobsters once, feeding 4000 fries of the lobsters per mu by using overwintering seedlings at the mouths of fine breeding ponds from 3 last ten days of the month to 4 last ten days of the month, alternately feeding fresh small trash fishes and shrimps by using granular feed in spring, feeding 1.5kg of dry materials or 3kg of fresh broken fish particles per mu every day, gradually increasing the feed feeding amount, increasing 0.5kg of dry materials and fish particles per mu every 5 days by 1kg until the seedlings are released for 1 month, feeding 5kg of dry materials or 10kg of dry fish particles per mu every day, checking by putting a net 45 days after the seedlings are released, and fishing the lobsters again when the number of the lobsters reaches 34/kg;
s4, performing secondary culture of lobsters, performing rice seedling in field plates of the rice field in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, adjusting water level after field planting of the seedlings, sowing the rice seedlings for 3-5 days, putting the second-season shrimp seedlings into the rice field, performing various work water surface management such as bait, timing water change and the like in the cultivation process of the lobsters, wherein the transparency of a water body is required to be 25 cm, putting aquatic animals for adjusting water quality, splashing 10kg of dissolved water by quicklime every mu every 15 days during cultivation, catching big and small lobsters in the middle and last ten days of 7 months in the year when the rice enters a tillering peak period, screening the lobsters to go into the market in a cage every day, and finishing the initial cleaning in September;
s5: three times of lobsters are cultivated, after the adult lobsters in the second season are harvested, the occupied area of aquatic crops in the rice field is recovered to be 60% of the total area of the rice field, early seedlings bred in autumn are thrown in the middle and late ten days of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months, the seedling throwing amount per mu is increased appropriately, about 5000 seedlings are thrown in each mu of water surface, medium and small-sized shrimp seedlings with 300 tails/kg are selected, processed baits or animal viscera are thrown to promote the lobsters to grow and fatten, the rice is harvested according to the mature quality of the rice in 10 months to 11 months, the feeding amount depends on the weather and the water temperature, the water temperature is above 20 ℃, 5 kg/mu is thrown in each mu of day, when the water temperature is 15-20 ℃, the feeding amount is 4 kg/mu, when the water temperature is 10-15 ℃, the feeding amount is 3 kg/mu, when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the feed feeding amount is stopped, when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃ day, the pond water injection amount is increased to reach the highest water level of the pond, keeping the water for overwintering, and keeping the water for recapture until the next three months.
A cross ditch is dug in the middle of the interior of the rice field of S1 and is connected with the clip-shaped shrimp ditch, the width of the cross ditch is 0.4-0.5m, the depth of the cross ditch is 1.1-1.3m, the cross ditch is beneficial to keeping relatively high water level in the shrimp-breeding rice field in high-temperature seasons and is beneficial to catching adult shrimps.
S2 the aquatic crop is one or more of calabash, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass, and water peanut.
The bait in S4 can be aquatic crops in S2, and can also be plant straws of barley, wheat, broad beans, rice and the like, and the partially smashed spiral shells, small trash fishes and animal viscera can be thrown in the growing period, but the water quality needs to be paid attention to prevent the water quality from being turbid due to the bait, and the water needs to be changed as soon as possible when the water quality is turbid.
S4 the aquatic animals are one or more of crab, river snail, mussel, turtle, silver carp, spotted silver carp and loach, for example, 30-50 pieces per mu of spotted silver carp or white lotus are needed to regulate water quality.
When the rice in the rice fields of S4 and S5 needs to strictly control the using times of the pesticide for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests in the growing process, if the pesticide needs to be applied, the rice is firstly drained to the surface of the rice field, then the high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticide is sprayed on the stem and leaf surfaces of the rice, and the spray head inclines upwards along the wind, so that the water quality polluted by the pesticide is reduced to the greatest extent and the shrimp bodies are poisoned.
The rice in the S4 and S5 rice fields needs to be topdressed during the growth process, the fertilizer is more urea, calcium superphosphate or organic fertilizer, and the topdressing times of the rice in the S4 and S5 rice fields are not more than three times during the growth process.
Example 3: through tests, the rice grains produced by the embodiment are full, the constant quantity is higher, the rice grains are not greatly different from that of the rice grains normally planted, the crayfish produced by the embodiment is delicious in taste, excellent in mouthfeel and high in yield, the crayfish bred by the embodiment is large in size, the number of the sold crayfish is 30-35 per kg, the survival rate is 88-92%, and the crayfish is highly praised by farmers.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for rice and shrimps is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps;
s1: arranging rice fields, selecting the rice fields which are close to water sources, have sufficient water quantity, convenient irrigation and drainage, drought and flood conservation, convenient transportation and no pollution, wherein the area of each field is 3-5 mu, the rice field is finished, fertilized and disinfected, so that the soil fertility and good water retention performance are ensured, the rice field is leveled, arranging loop-shaped shrimp ditches around the rice field, wherein the area of the loop-shaped shrimp ditches is 8-12% of the whole area of the rice field, the depth of the loop-shaped shrimp ditches is 1.3-1.7m, the water depth is kept to be 0.8-1.2m, the depth of field plates is 0.8-1m, the water depth of the field plates is kept to be 0.3-0.5m, anti-escape nets are arranged on the field ridges, the height of the anti-escape nets is 30-50cm, water inlet and outlet ports of the rice field are sealed and tied firmly by double-layer dense nets or nylon nets, the lobsters can be prevented from escaping and natural enemies can be prevented from entering the water inlet and outlet ports of the rice field, and the filter pore diameters of the double-layer dense nets or the nylon nets are 60-80 meshes;
s2: reforming the clip shrimp ditch, planting aquatic crops on the bottom of the clip shrimp ditch and the field plates of the rice field, keeping the distance between the aquatic crops in the planting process, wherein the aquatic crops account for 50-80% of the area of the clip shrimp ditch, the ratio of the density of the aquatic crops in the clip shrimp ditch to the density of the aquatic crops in the field plates is 2: 1, and the aquatic crops account for 30-35% of the total area of the rice field;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of breeding lobsters once, namely, in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, using overwintering seedlings at the mouths of fine breeding ponds, putting 4000 fries of the crayfish per mu, alternately feeding fresh small trash fish and shrimp with pellet feed in the beginning of spring, feeding 1.5kg of dry materials or 3kg of fresh broken fish particles per mu every day, gradually increasing the feed feeding amount, increasing 0.5kg of dry materials and 1kg of fish particles per mu every 5 days until the fries are put for 1 month, feeding 5kg of dry materials or 10kg of dry fish particles per mu every day, checking the crayfish under a net 45 days after the fries are put, and fishing the crayfish again when the crayfish reaches 34-36 fries/kg;
s4, performing secondary culture of lobsters, namely performing rice seedling on a field plate in 5 months, adjusting the water level after field planting of the seedlings, sowing the rice seedlings for 3-5 days, putting the second-season shrimp seedlings into the field, performing various work water surface management such as bait, timed water change and the like in the process of culturing the lobsters, wherein the transparency of a water body is required to be 25-40 cm, putting aquatic animals for adjusting the water quality, sprinkling 10-15kg of quicklime into each mu of water for water dissolution every 15-20 days during culture, catching big and small lobsters in cages every day in 7 months, screening the lobsters to go to the market and cleaning the lobsters in September;
s5: three times of lobsters are cultivated, after the adult lobsters in the second season are harvested, the occupied area of aquatic crops in the rice field is recovered to 40-60% of the total area of the rice field, early seedlings in autumn are thrown in the middle and late ten days of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months, the seedling throwing amount per mu is increased properly, about 5000 seedlings are thrown in each mu of water surface, medium and small-sized shrimp seedlings with 300 fishes/kg are selected, processed baits or animal viscera are thrown to promote the lobsters to enter winter, rice is harvested according to the mature quality of the rice in 10 months to 11 months, the feeding amount is determined according to weather and water temperature, the water temperature is above 20 ℃, 5-7 kg/mu is thrown in each mu of day, when the water temperature is 15-20 ℃, the feeding amount is 3-4 kg/mu of water, when the water temperature is 10-15 ℃, the feeding amount is 1-3 kg/mu of water, when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the feed amount is stopped, when the water temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in each day, the water injection amount of the pond, reaching the highest water level of the pond, keeping the water over the winter, and keeping the water for recapture until the next three months.
2. The symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the rice and the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) excavating a cross ditch in the middle of the inside of the rice field in S1, wherein the cross ditch is connected with the clip-shaped shrimp ditch, the width of the cross ditch is 0.4-0.5m, and the depth of the cross ditch is 1.1-1.3m, so that the relatively high water level of the rice field for shrimp culture in high-temperature seasons is kept, and the adult shrimp fishing is facilitated.
3. The symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the rice and the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the aquatic crops in the S2 are one or more of calabash, waterweed, hydrilla verticillata, eel grass and water peanut.
4. The symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the rice and the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the bait in S4 can be aquatic crops in S2, and can also be plant straws of barley, wheat, broad beans, rice and the like, and the partially smashed spiral shells, small trash fishes and animal viscera can be thrown in the growing period, but the water quality needs to be paid attention to prevent the water quality from being turbid due to the bait, and the water needs to be changed as soon as possible when the water quality is turbid.
5. The symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the rice and the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: s4, the aquatic animals are one or more of crab, river snail, mussel, turtle, silver carp, spotted silver carp and loach, for example, 30-50 pieces of silver carp or white lotus needs to be thrown in each mu to regulate and control water quality.
6. The symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the rice and the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) strictly controlling the use times of the pest control pesticide during the growth process of the rice in the rice fields in S4 and S5, if the pesticide needs to be applied, draining water to the exposed field surface, spraying high-efficiency low-toxicity pesticide water on the stem and leaf surfaces of the rice, and enabling the spray head to incline upwards along the wind so as to reduce the water quality pollution caused by the pesticide to poison the shrimp bodies as much as possible.
7. The symbiotic natural enemy-preventing green three-dimensional planting and breeding method for the rice and the shrimps as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the rice in the rice fields in the S4 and S5 needs to be topdressed in the rice fields in the growing process, the fertilizer is more selected from urea, calcium superphosphate or organic fertilizer, and the topdressing times of the rice in the rice fields in the S4 and S5 are not more than three times as much as possible in the growing process.
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| CN105918026A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-09-07 | 安庆市义云农业有限责任公司 | Symbiotic natural-enemy-preventing green stereoscopic planting and culturing method for paddy rice and lobsters |
| CN108782384A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-11-13 | 九江凯瑞生态农业开发有限公司 | The method that one seed shrimp rice makees altogether |
| CN109601292A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-04-12 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of method of the comprehensive breeding of green high-efficient shrimp rice |
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| CN105918026A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-09-07 | 安庆市义云农业有限责任公司 | Symbiotic natural-enemy-preventing green stereoscopic planting and culturing method for paddy rice and lobsters |
| CN108782384A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-11-13 | 九江凯瑞生态农业开发有限公司 | The method that one seed shrimp rice makees altogether |
| CN109601292A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-04-12 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of method of the comprehensive breeding of green high-efficient shrimp rice |
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