CN1133885A - α1-抗糜蛋白酶的制备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
在严格控制pH和传导率的条件下,用层析法可从含人α1-蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)和抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)的溶液中纯化出人α1-抗糜蛋白酶(ACT)。这种分离到的ACT在体外保留了抑制能力并具有潜在的治疗用途。
Description
本公开总的来说是涉及制备人血浆蛋白质,特别是涉及从如在得自人血浆的Cohn组分IV-1糊状悬液中发现的ACT,α1-蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)和抗凝血酶III(AT-III)的混合物制备α1-抗糜蛋白酶(ACT)。
第二次世界大战之前,科学家们和医生们发现,人类血浆可用于血液替换疗法中。在战争中,血浆供应困难、全血和血浆的匮乏,使战地休克不能得到尽可能有效的治疗。对能贮存和用于战场上的血浆蛋白的需求致使Cohn等人(U.S.Pat.No.2390074(1945)andthe J.Amer.Chem.Soc.,68;P459(1946))发现,血浆蛋白在水溶性的有机溶剂或中性盐存在的条件下可通过选择性沉淀法得以分离。有关血浆分离的综述,参见“The Plasma Proteins”,第二版,第三卷,第548-550页上(Academic Press,NewYork,N.Y.(1977))。尔后这种浓缩的蛋白混合物可根据需要用于患者身上。如果是过量出血,医生就可注射富含纤维蛋白原的部分。如患者患烧伤或其他创伤,致使血浆损失超过红细胞的损失,医生可以应用称为血浆胶体渗透调节剂的白蛋白。
按Cohn的分级分离法,在零下温度将乙醇加到血浆中并降低pH以选择性沉淀蛋白质。从上清液中分离沉淀以后,降低上清液的pH,和/或加入更多的乙醇,以沉淀另一组分。
目前仍用这种分离法分离具有具有某些治疗性能的生物活性蛋白质。例如,因子VIII,或称抗血友病因子,是用于抗血友病的;用纤溶酶原(纤维蛋白溶酶的前体),治疗急性血栓栓塞障碍;用γ-球蛋白,包括免疫血清球蛋白及静脉内γ-球蛋白治疗先天性γ-球蛋白缺乏症、麻疹、脊髓灰质炎及甲型和乙型肝炎;纤维粘接蛋白具有治疗烧伤、休克和癌症等的生物活性;抗凝血酶III是一种凝血抑制剂;冷沉淀物本身可直接用于治疗典型血友病;血浆蛋白组分和白蛋白可用于治疗因烧伤、挤压伤、腹部急症及其它创伤致使血浆而不是红细胞严重损失所产生的休克α1-蛋白酶抑制剂可用于治疗肺气肿。
迄今为止,人α1-抗糜蛋白酶是仅从血浆或血清中分离的一种丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂。虽然ACT确切的生物功能尚未明了,但是它可能是一种多功能蛋白质,其许多不同的治疗作用已被证实(参见,例如,J.Lezdey,et al等人的U.S.Pat.No.5,008,242)。
有证据表明,ACT的一种重要功能是抑制蛋白质酶,如糜蛋白酶样蛋白酶、杆状细胞胃促胰酶、白细胞组织蛋白酶G(参见Beatty,K.,Bieth,J.,TraviS,J.:Kinetic of association of serineProteinases with native and oxidized α1-proteinaseinhibitor and α1-antichymotrypsin,J.Biol.Chem.1980;255:3931-3934)和胰弹性蛋白酶(参见Laine,A.,Davril,M.Rabaud,M.,et al.:Human serum α1-antichymotrypsin is aninhibitor of pancreatic elastases,Eur.J.Biochem.1985 151:327-331 and Davril,M.,Laine.A.,Hayem,A.:Studies on theinteractions of human pancreatic elastase 2 with humanα1-proteinase inhibitor and α1-antichymotrypsin,Biochem.J.1987;245:699-704)。
完整的、分解的和复合形式ACT的生物学特性表明,此蛋白质的水解特征对控制传染病、胰腺炎、肺部疾病和皮肤炎症有重要的治疗作用(See Rubin,H.:The biology and biochemistry ofantichymotrypsin and its potential roles as a therapeuticagent,Biol.Chem.Hoppesayler 1992;373(7):497-502)。
J.Travis等人从人的血浆库中提纯了ACT,使其成匀质状态(Travis,J.,Garner,D.,Bowen,J.:Human α1-antichymotrypsin:purification and properties,Biochemistry 1978;17:5647-5651)。
T.Katsunuma和他的同事们提纯了DNA结合蛋白,使其成匀质状态,此蛋白被认为是一种肿瘤标记(Katsunuma,T.et al.:Purification of a serum DNA binding protein(64DP)with amolecular weight of 64,000 and its diagnosticsignificance in malignant diseases,Biochem.and Biophys.Res.Comm.,93(2):552-557(1980))。此后证实DNA结合蛋白就是ACT。Katsunuma以人血清为起始材料。他们用225mM NaCl在DEAESephadex柱上上洗脱64DP。透析后经DNA-Cellulose柱使64DP进一步纯化。为使其终成匀质状态,用硫酸铵沉淀和筛析层析柱使64DP从含有其它成分的蛋白中纯化出来。
除了从全血浆中分离ACT外,人们已经克隆、测序、并在大肠杆菌中表达了人ACT基因(See Rubin,H.et al.:Cloning,expression,purification and biological activity ofrecombinant native and variant human antichymotrypsins,J.Biol.Chem.1990;265:1199-1207)。Rubin等人用Sepharose FastQ柱从粗细菌裂解液中分离到ACT。然后将这种部分纯化的ACT吸附到DNA-Cellulose柱上,经过350-400mM KCl洗脱。
鉴于ACT的潜在用途,目前需要从人血浆,特别是从含有不同量PI和AT-III的血浆部分中制备大量ACT的有效方法。
意外的是,我们发现可从Cohn部分IV-1中纯化到ACT。Cohn组分IV-1含有多种不同的蛋白质,这些蛋白质的分离困难阻止了这种血浆组分的商业化用途。因此,ATC的分离对这种不然很少使用或常被扔掉的血浆组分来说是有益的。
和人血清相比,Cohn组分IV-1含有高浓度的蛋白质,如PI和AT-III。这些蛋白质和ACT密切相关,人们期盼使ACT和这些蛋白质共同纯化出来。在对IV-1糊液的分离过程中,ACT只浓缩了1-2倍,而PI浓缩了3-10倍、AT-III浓缩了2-3倍。在IV-1糊液中这些蛋白质的浓度是30mgPI/g、5mgAT-III/g、5-10mgACT/g。鉴于从这些蛋白质中分离ACT之难及ACT含量之微,似乎组分IV-1不可能作为ACT的合适来源。令人惊奇的是,我们改变了Katsunuma等人的方法,从约2.9kg的IV-1糊液中分离到2-39、纯度≥90%的ACT。
ACT除了作为一种体外丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(例如,可用其作为PI研究试剂)外,我们设想了ACT可有潜在的治疗作用。我们发明的详细内容公开如下:
发明梗概
我们从含α1-蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)和抗凝血酶III(AT-III)的溶液中制备人α1-挤糜蛋白酶的方法包括如下步骤:
(A)使含ACT的溶液与离子交换树脂接触,在合适的传导率(离子强度)和足够的pH条件下吸附ACT;
(B)用具有适合pH和传导率的溶液洗脱吸附剂以彻底去除所有的PI和AT-III,而不去除吸附的ACT;
(C)从树脂上洗脱ACT。
在一个优选的实施方案中,步骤(C)后还有进一步的纯化步骤,即在足以吸附ACT,然后从DNA纤维素上洗脱ACT的条件和pH下,将步骤(C)的洗脱物溶液与DNA-纤维素接触。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,从含ACT、PI和AT-III水溶液的Cohn组分IV-1糊状悬液中制备ACT,所述水溶液的传导率为1.0-2.5mmho/cm,pH约为6.45-6.55。先使用阴离子交换树脂(即,DEAE-Sepharose)pH6.5经步骤A的层析法纯化ACT,接着用pH约为6.5、传导率为7.4-7.8mmho/cm的洗液流洗DEAE-Sepharose柱;用pH约为6.5、传导率9-10.5mmho/cm的洗脱液洗脱,最后在pH6.8的条件下使ACT吸附到DNA-纤维素柱上,然后洗脱到ACT。
附图简介:
图1是表示如何从人血浆分离优选的起始材料(Cohn组分IV-1糊悬液)的一般流程图。
图2是优选的ACT纯化步骤的流程图。
材料和方法
纯化的α1-抗糜蛋白酶、α1-抗蛋白酶抑制剂和来源于人血浆的抗凝血酶III,兔抗人ACT的抗体以及人中性粒细胞组织蛋白酶G购自于AnthensResearch(Athens,Georgia)。DNA-纤维素(5ml)购自于Pharmacia公司。天然小牛胸腺DNA和纤维素扩大生产用的DNA-纤维素制剂、琥珀酰-丙氨酸-丙氨酸-脯氨酸-苯丙氨酸-磷酸-硝基酰苯胺和小牛糜蛋白酶购自于Sigma Chemical Co.,St.Louis,Mo。Cohn部分IV-1来源于Miles Inc。DEAE-Sepharose是icia,Pharmacia,Inc,的注册商标,作为珠状琼脂糖阴离子交换材料。
用于扩大方法的DNA-纤维素制剂
DNA-纤维素(3L)按Litman法(参见Litman,R.M.:Adeoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from Micrococcus lutens(Micrococcus hysodeikticus)isolated on deoxyribonucleicacid-cellulose,J.Biol.Chem.1968;243:6222-6233)制备。用1NHCl(15L)洗涤纤维素(1kg)10分钟,接着用水冲洗,空气中凉干。将天然的小牛胸腺(169)和纤维素(1kg)在8L 10mM的NaCl溶液中混合,然后将这种多块的混合物铺开,用吹风机吹3-5小时,在空气中放置过夜。粉碎这种干燥的基质并重悬在乙醇中,通过紫外灯照射这种悬液以与纤维素形成交联物。
人ACT的纯化
将通常按照Cohn等人的分离法(J.Amer.Chem.Soc.1948;68:459)制备的包括ACT、PI和AT-III的Cohn组分IV-1糊液悬浮24体积0.01M Tric pH9.3的溶液中,于40℃加热1-1.5小时。调节组分IV-1糊状悬液的pH为6.5(70L),然后装入含30KgDEAE-Sepharose柱中。用一个柱体积的25mM NaKPO4 Ph6.5溶液平衡DEAE柱,用十个柱体积以上的75mM NaHPO4 pH6.5、1mMEDTA溶液流洗过夜,以得到一个稳定的基线。用3-5体积100mM NaKPO4 pH6.5溶液洗脱部分纯化的ACT。用一个PM-10 3平方英尺的软片对0.01M K2HPO4pH6.8(传导率为1-2mmho/cm)溶液超滤/透析处理100mM NaKPO4洗脱液滤液在桶DNA柱中和DNA-纤维素(3L)接触90分钟。用85mMNaCl、0.01M K2HPO4、1mM EDTA pH6.8(传导率8-9mmho/cm)洗涤缓冲反向流洗过夜。流出液达到稳定的吸光度A280=0.03后,用330mMNaCl 0.01M K2HPO4、1mM EDTA pH6.8洗脱液逆流洗脱,洗脱出的液体分装后,冻存于-70℃。
ACT的酶及抑制活性检测
通过琥珀酰-丙氨酸-丙氨酸-脯氨酸-苯丙氨酸-P-硝基酰苯胺为底物检测人中性粒细胞组织蛋白酶G和小牛糜蛋白酶酯解活性(参见DelMar,E.G.,Largman,C.,Broderick,J.W.,et al.:Asensitive new Substrate for chymotrypsin,Anal,Biochem.1979;99:316-329)。通过将一定量的酶(组织蛋白酶G/糜蛋白酶)与不同数量的ACT混合测定了ACT的抑制活性、在25℃保温5分钟后,检测混合物的酯水解活性。用纯化的抑制剂测定了消光系数为6.2(1%溶液,280mM)此系数可用于测定蛋白质的浓度(参见Babul,J.,Stellwagen,E.:Measurement of protein concentration withinterferences optics,Anal.Biochem.1969;28:216-221)。用每种蛋白浓度的抑制活性比率表示抑制比活性。
通过RID和ELISA测定ACT的抗原活性
ACT的抗原性活性可通过可通过来自结合位点(San Diego,CA)的放射免疫扩散试剂盒测定。也可通过酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定比活性。浓度范围为0.1-10ng/ml的纯化ACT标准或纯化的ACT制剂样品可通过涂在平皿上的兔抗ACT抗体得到。一个生物素化的兔抗ACT抗体加到平皿中,然后与结合有抗生蛋白链霉素和底物(四甲基苯胺)的过氧化物酶培养测定其抗原性。用每种蛋白质浓度的抗原活性比率表示抗原比活性。
通过ELISA测定PI的抗原性。
通过酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)可以测定PI的抗源活性。山羊抗人α1-抗糜蛋白抑制剂(Cappel,NC)作涂铺抗体。纯化的PI(Athens Research)、纯化的ACT制备样品或冻干的血浆标准品,浓度为1.3mg/ml,浓度范围为0.78-25ng/ml,可通过山羊抗人α1-抗蛋白酶抑制剂涂铺抗体获取。将结合有山羊抗人α1-抗糜蛋白酶抑制剂的过氧化物酶加到平皿中,和底物(四甲基联苯胺)培养,测定抗原活性。将样品与吸光度对抗原浓度的标准曲线进行比较。
酶及AT-III的抑制活性实验
这是一个两步实验,其中血浆标准物、已知AT-III活性浓度样品用在含肝素的缓冲液中稀释,然后与小牛凝血酶培养(步骤1)。然后,加入产色素底物S-2238(H-D-苯丙氨酰-L-2-哌啶酰基(pipecocyl)-L-精氨酰-P-硝基酰苯胺2HCl,Chromogenix,AB,Sweden)通过尚未被AT-III抑制的多余的凝血酶水解,释放p-硝基酰苯胺,测定在405nm吸光度定量。通常测定在405MM的吸光度,可知AT-III浓度和水解程度(吸光度)成反比。
SDS PAGE和Western印迹实验
使用含Tris-甘氨酸、0.i%SDS pH8.3的Novex凝胶缓冲体系、在Tris-甘氨酸、8-16%的聚丙烯酰胺梯度平板凝胶(购自Novexsystem,san Diego,CA)上进行分析电泳。用含Tris-甘氨酸、2%SDS、10%β-巯基乙醇的加样缓冲液,在沸水中加热10分钟,制备纯化的ACT标准物和样品制剂。用来自Novex systems的分子量电泳标准试剂盒确定分子量。考马斯亮蓝G-250用于检测蛋白质。从凝胶转移至硝酸纤维素膜上,然后通过兔抗人ACT的血清和碱性磷酸盐结合的山羊抗兔IgG检测,完成Western印迹。
HPLC分析
以0.05M Na2HPO4、0.15M NaCl pH6.5溶液作为流动相,在TSK3000SW上分析了来自Athens Research的ACT标准物和来自扩大方法的纯化的ACT。
结果
为制备人ACT,以Cohn组分IV-1糊状悬液,为起始材料,组分IV-1糊液含下列三种蛋白酶抑制剂的量(以mg/g计)大约如下:α1-蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)为30.0;ACT为5-10.0,此数据是通过抗原活性实验ELISA确定的;AT-III为5.0,此数据是经酶抑制活性实验测定的。由于纯度上没有提高,通过PEG沉淀法,S-Sepharose和Q-Sepharose层析法进行ACT纯化是不适宜的。由于ACT产率和纯度都低,因此硫酸铵沉淀法、螯合柱及Cibachrome Blue柱层析法纯化法都不能采纳。
若在DEAE-Sepharose柱利用0.01MTris pH6.5,低传导率(1.0-2.5mmho/cm)的组分IV-1糊状悬液(20733-91-1),高于91%的总蛋白出现在0.025M NaKPO4 pH6.5的流过部分(20767-36-1and-2)和0.075M NaKPO4 pH6.5的流洗部分(20767-36-3)(表1)中。
表 1
DEAE-sepharose柱(10ml)样品 总ACT 总ACT产率% 比活性mgACT/mg蛋白质
μgFIV-1糊状悬液(20733- 4,326 100 0.02391-1)0.025M NaKPO4 pH6.5流过部分 257.2 6.0 0.004(20767-36-1&-2)0.075M NaKPO4 pH6.5流洗部分 166.5 3.8 0.003(20767-36-3)0.01M NaKPO4 pH6.5洗脱液 2,188.3 50.6 0.169(20767-36-4&-5)
0.2M NaKPO4 pH6.5洗脱液 732 16.9 0.04(20767-36-6)
以0.1M NaKPO4 pH6.5可以洗脱到高于50%的ACT(20767-36-4和-5),而且ACT的比活性增加7倍。然而,将在0.01M K2HPO4pH6.8中的组分IV-1糊状悬液直接加入到DNA-纤维素柱(5ml)中,上,用0.01M K2HPO4,0.33MNaClpH6.8溶液洗脱后,回收产率只有10%,纯度增加4-10倍。此,DEAE-Sepharose是从组分IV-1糊状悬液制备ACT的优选的第一步骤。用在0.01M Tris pH6.5、传导率1.0-2.5mmho/Cm中的Cohn组分IV-1糊状悬液,接着进行DEAE-SepHarose和DNA-纤维素层析,完成下面实施例。
实施例1
用0.01M Tris pH6.5悬浮Cohn组分IV-1中的ACT,通过DEAE-Sepharose柱纯化。用0.025-0.075M磷酸钠(NaHPO4)pH6.5、传导率为1.9-5.3mmho/cm缓冲液洗涤,经0.1M NaHPO4,pH6.5、传导率6.5-mmho/cm(21864-4-C)的洗脱液洗脱到3.6%的ACT,用0.2MNaHPO4pH6.5、传导率13.0mmho/cm(21864-4-D)(表2)洗脱了46%的ACT,比活性增加3.5倍(0.072mg ACT/mg蛋白质)。
表 2
DEAE-Sepharose柱纯化ACT的洗脱缓冲体系比较
样品 总ACT 产率% 比活性mgACT/mg蛋白质
μgA.FIV-1糊状悬液 10,250 100 0.0210.025M NaHPO4 pH6.5流过部分 1,147 11.2 0.007(21864-4-A)0.075M NaHPO4 pH6.5洗涤液 335 3.3 0.003(21864-4-B)0.1M NaHPO4 pH6.5洗脱液 372 3.6 0.009(21864-4-C)0.2M NaHPO4 pH6.5洗脱液 4,760 46.4 0.072(21864-4-D)B.FIV-1糊状悬液DP 4,580 100 0.02412790.025M NaKPO4 pH6.5流过物 457.6 10.0 0.009(21893-17A)
0.075M NaKPO4 pH6.5流洗部分 1,200.5 26.2 0.013(21893-17B)0.1M NaKPO4 pH6.5洗脱物 2,059.6 45.0 0.134(21893-17C)0.2M NaKPO4 pH6.5洗脱物 235.6 5.1 0.03(21893-17D)
然而,用0.025-0.075M磷酸钠钾(NaKPO4)pH6.5,传导率2.8-7.4mmho/cm的缓冲液流洗,在0.1M NaKPO4 pH6.5,传导率9-10mmho/cm(21893-17-C)的条件下,从DEAE-Sepharose柱上可洗脱部分ACT,产率为45%,比活性增加5.6倍0.134mg ACT/mg蛋自质(表2)。表2的结果表明,对于DEAE-Sepharose柱使用平衡缓冲体系0.025M NaKPO4 pH6.5(传导率2.8-3.0mmho/cm),然后将Cohn组分IV-1糊状悬液(传导率为1.0-2.5mmho/cm),负载到DEAE-Sepharose柱,用0.075M NaKPO4,pH6.5(传导率7.0-7.8mmho/cm)洗涤去除不想要的蛋白质,部分纯化的ACT(DEAE-洗脱出的液体)可经0.1M NaKPO4 pH6.5(传导率10mmho/cm)洗脱以便通过DNA-纤维素柱进一步纯化。
实施例2
若用具有低抗原比活性(0.024mgACT/mg蛋白质)的Cohn组分IV-1糊状悬液(DP1279)作为起始物,以通过DNA-纤维素柱(Pharmacia)纯化,则ACT产率低(17%)、纯度低(抗原比活性0.12-0.32mg ACT/mg蛋白质)、ACT结合力低(0.1-0.2mg ACT/ml DNA-gel,表3)。
表 3
DNA-纤维素柱(5ml)层析FIV-1糊状悬液样品 总ACT ACT的总产率% 比活性mgACT/mg蛋白质
μgFIV-1糊状悬浮液(DP1279) 4,580 100 0.024(21893-20-1)流过部分(21893-20-A) 1,775.2 38.8 0.0120.085M NaCl洗液(21893-20-B) 356 7.8 0.0170.33M NaCl洗脱物(21893-20- 765.6 16.7 0.32433,34,35)
然而,以在DEAE洗脱物(20767-93-1,21893-15-1)中具有高抗原比活性的(0.16-0.25mg ACT/mg蛋白质)部分纯化的ACT作为起始材料,得到高产率(61.2-67.1%)高纯度,(抗原比活性1.07-1.47mgACT/mg蛋白质)、高ACT结合力(0.6-1.2mg ACT/ml DNA-gel 表4)。基于此数据DNA-纤维素柱层析是从部分纯化的DEAE洗脱液中纯似CT的第二步。
表 4
DNA-纤维素柱层析DEAE洗脱液样品 总ACT 产率% 比活性mgACT/mg蛋白质
抗原μg实验1DEAE-洗脱液 1,605.5 100 0.248(20767-93-1)的浓度流出物(20767-93-A) 30.6 1.9 0.0040.085M NaCl流洗液(20767-93-B) 38.3 2.4 0.070.33M NaCl洗脱液(20767-93-C&D) 982 61.2 1.07
实验2
DEAB-洗脱液 4,230 100 0.164(21893-15-1)的浓度流出物(21882-29-A) 51.4 1.2 0.0030.085M NaCl流洗液(21882-29-B) 29.4 0.7 0.030.33M NaCl洗脱液(21882-29 2,837.2 67.1 1.4721,22,23)
实施例3
我们从血浆中制备ACT的全部优选方法皆列于图2中。在一个提出的扩大方法中,2份经DEAE-Sepharose柱(30L)从组分IV-1糊状悬液(70kg),(pH6.5、传导率1.0-2.0mmho/cm)制备的部分纯化的ACT在0.1M NaKPO4 pH6.5洗脱液(传导率9.5-10.5mmho/cm)中得到17-34%的产率,抗原比活性从0.022增加至0.108-0.194mgACT/mg蛋白质,纯度增加4-9倍(表5)。
表 5
扩大方法制备纯化ACT
抗原样品 总ACT 产率% 比活性mgACT/mg蛋白质
抗原mg
实验1
步骤1:DEAE-Sepharose(30L)FIV-1糊状悬液 25,690 100 0.022(21893-58-2)DEAE流出物(21893-58-3) 885 3.4 0.003DEAE洗液(21893-58-4) 4,865 18.9 0.015DEAE洗脱液(21893-58-5) 8.710 33.9 0.194步骤2:DNA-纤维素(3L)DF/UF浓缩的DEAE-洗脱液 8,494 33.1 0.187(21893-58-6)DNA-洗脱液(21869-35) 3,464 13.5 1.24
实验2
步骤1:DEAE-Sepharose(30L)
FIV-1糊状悬液 31,150 100 0.025(21882-65-1)DEAE流出物(21882-65-2) 1,854 6.0 0.008DEAE流洗液(21882-65-3) 6,470 20.4 0.008DEAE洗脱液(21882-65-4) 5,265 16.9 0.108步骤2:DNA-纤维素(3L)DF/UF浓缩的DEAE-洗脱液 4,939 15.9 0.094(21882-65-5)DNA-洗脱液(21869-37) 2,142 6.9 1.24
通过DF/UF步骤ACT活性的损失很少。通过DNA-纤维素柱(3L)可进一步纯化DEAE-洗脱物,总产率为6.9-13.5%,抗原比活性从0.108-0.194增加到1.24mg ACT/mg蛋白质,将两份的DNA-洗脱液(21869-35,21869-37)进一步透析或超滤用PBS缓冲液pH7.0以10-20mg/ml(21893-61-3.and 21882-68)配制,贮存于-70℃以用于进一步的体内体外研究。
纯化ACT的特征描述:
A.抗原性和抑制活性
当与从Athens Research(Atlanta,GA)(表6)购买的纯ACT标准物(冻干形式)比较时,通过包括DNA-纤维素柱扩大方法从Cohn组分IV-1中制备的纯ACT(21893-61-3,21882-68),对人组织蛋白酶G和小牛糜蛋白酶的抑制活性的比活性大于1mg/mg总蛋白
表 6
纯化ACT的抗原性及抑制活性
ACT活性(mg/mL) 比活性mgACT/mg蛋白质纯化的ACT 蛋白质浓度
(mg/mL) 抗原的 抑制 抗原的 抑制
组织蛋白酶 糜蛋白酶 组织蛋白酶 糜蛋白酶
G21893-61-3 21.7 26.2 24.3 --- 1.2 1.1 ---21882-68 9.7 9.6 12.1 14.1 0.99 1.36 1.45ACT标准 2.63 2.53 2.9 2.8 0.96 1.1 1.05(AthensResearch)
B.SDS-PAGE和HPLC分析
当降低条件在6-18%sps PAGE上每个泳道样量为5μg、10μg、20μg电泳时,从血浆中制备的ACT标准物和从组分IV-1糊液中,纯化的ACT(21893-61-3),有相似的分子量范围(59.2-61.9KD),和相似的纯度(≥90%),通过Western印迹分析,从血浆和组分IV-1制备的ACT可用抗人ACT抗体检测到,但是,用抗α1-PI或抗AT-III抗体制剂检不出明显的带。在Western印迹检测中,纯ACT含有痕量的与抗人ACT抗体结合的降解片段(25.5KD)。HPLC分析表明,血浆和组分IV-1糊液中纯化的ACT保留时间接近、纯度皆高于90%。
C.IEF
以Novex IEF体系(pH3-10,Novex system,San Diego,CA)分析了来源于Athens Research的ACT标准物及来源于组分IV-1糊液纯化的ACT。
来源血浆的ACT(参见Laursen,I.and Lykkesfeldt,A.E.:Purification and characterization of an α1-antichymotrypsin-like 66KD Protein from the humanbreastcancer cell line,MCF-7,Biochem,Biophys.Acta.1992;1121;119-129)和来源于组分IV-1糊液的ACT与AT-III的等电点为4.6-5.1;PI的等电点为4-5相比有近似的等电点3.8-4.3。
D.纯化的ACT的说明
已描述了两份经扩大方法制备的,以10mg/ml溶于PBS缓冲液中的2.4g纯化ACT的特征。
和ACT标准品购自Athens Research比较,纯化的ACT通过IEF、SDS-PAGE和HPLC、生物活性测定,其纯度≥90%经LAL实验每mgA280蛋白质含0.7个内毒素单位(表7)。
表 7
纯化ACT的特征(21882-68)体积 259mL,50个小瓶(5mL/小瓶)特征
外观(肉眼观察) 清晰,无色溶液
蛋白质浓度(A280)
0.1%Elcm=0.62 10.1±0.4mg/mL
PBS缓冲液pH 7.1±0.1鉴别
等电聚焦 IEF谱型(spectrotype)
约为90%与ACT标准*
相符纯度
≥90%ACT标准有痕
SDS PAGE(6-18%)-降低的 量的降解片段(25.5KD)
HPLC ACT标准≥90%的面积%内毒素(LAL) 0.7EU/mgA280蛋白质生物活性(对人组织蛋白酶G和 与ACT标准比较
牛糜蛋白酶的抗原性、抑制)*购自Athens Reasearch
讨论
Cohn组分IV-1糊液含ACT的浓度(5-10mg/g糊)比血浆略高(4-5mg/g蛋白质),因此从人血浆分离的Cohn组分IV-糊悬浮液是进一步纯化的优选起始物。通过不同的方法,如硫酸铵分离法、Cibacron Blue层析法、SP-Sephadex或QAE-Sephadex、DNA-纤维素和S-300层析法从人血浆中可纯化出均质状态人ACT。然而和其他人公布的结果相反,我们发现,以组分IV-1糊液为起始物时,用硫酸铵分离法或直接用DNA-纤维素层析纯化ACT,ACT的产率和纯度都低。
Prolastin,是通过PEG沉淀和DEAE-Sepharose柱从组分IV-1糊液悬浮液中纯化的一种源于血浆的,市售的PI制剂(Miles Inc),由每mg蛋白质600μg PI和少量ACT(29μg/mg蛋白质)组成。此结果支持了我们的发现,组分IV-1糊液经PEG沉淀,ACT产率和纯度都低。另一种市售的血浆蛋白制剂是通过肝素-琼脂糖层析法从组分IV-1糊液制备的抗凝血酶-III(Thrombate,Miles Inc.)。我们研究的结果表明,大于91%的ACT不能结合在肝素-琼脂糖柱上。这表明,有可能成为AT-III的副产品。
Cohn组分IV-1糊液含三种主要的蛋白酶抑制剂;PI(30mg/g糊液),AT-III(5mg/g糊液)和ACT(5-10mg/g糊液)。这些蛋白质有近似的等电点:AT-III:4.6-5.1、PI:4-5、ACT:3.8-4.3,并且分子量大小相近,AT-III:58KD、天然PI:53KD、天然ACT58-6SKD。从Cohn组分IV-1糊液中将ACT与PI,AT-III分离的最理想的步骤是取决于采用合适种类的阴离子交换树脂、合适的缓冲液、pH及离子强度(传导率),以便除去纯化的ACT制剂中的PI及AT-III。用(而不是Q-Sepharose柱),经0.025M NaKPO4 pH6.5的缓冲液(传导率2.5-3mmho/cm)预先平衡DEAE-Sepharose柱,从pH6.5、传导率为1-2.5mmho/cm Cohn组分IV-1糊液中纯化ACT,在0.075M NaKPO4 pH6.5,(传导率7.4-7.8mmho/cm)除去了大部分PI,在0.1M NaKPO4 pH6.5,传导率9-10.5mmho/cm洗脱了ACT。从包含AT-III和痕量PI的DEAE洗脱液可通过DNA-纤维素柱进一步纯化部分纯化的ACT。当用0.01MK2HPO4缓冲液、0.085M NaCl pH8.0传导率8-9mmho/cm流洗DNA-纤维素柱时AT-III和痕量的PI大部分不能结合到DNA-纤维素柱上,只有活化的ACT特异地吸附到DNA-纤维素柱上,用0.33M NaCl、0.01M K2HPO4 pH6.8、传导率24-25mmho/cm的洗脱液可洗脱。
用DNA-纤维素柱分离ACT,其总产量和纯度依赖于上样到柱上的ACT的纯度。当部分纯化的ACT(DEAE洗脱液),而不是Cohn组分IV-1糊液上样到柱上时,DNA纤维素除去了未结合的AT-III和PI。结果产生了对人组织蛋白酶G和牛糜蛋白酶的抑制活性的比活性>1mg/mg蛋白质的高度纯化的ACT。
从Cohn组分IV-1糊液制备的纯化的ACT经SDS-PAGE电泳和HPLC分析,和从人血浆中制备的ACT标准物比较有近似的分子量和等电点。这种抗原性完整和活性的ACT可以Conh组分IV-1糊液中纯化到。进一步研究是证明ACT在体内的生物活性有治疗作用。
尽管列举了上述的实施例,但认为本领域专业人员可做改动,因此,在此公开的发明只受到下面权利要求书的限制。
Claims (9)
1.从含α-1-抗糜蛋白酶、α-1-蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)和抗凝血酶III(AT-III)的混合物中分离α-1-抗糜蛋白酶(ACT)的方法,包括步骤:
(A)在基本上吸附全部ACT的pH和传导率的条件下,使含水的混合物悬液和吸附剂接触;
(B)在足以基本上洗脱全部PI和AT-III的pH和传导率的条件下,流洗吸附剂;
(C)从吸附剂中洗脱ACT
2.权利要求1的方法,其中将步骤C的洗脱产物与DNA-纤维素在足以吸附ACT的条件下接触,接着在足以从DNA-纤维素上洗脱ACT的条件下洗脱ACT步骤。
3.从ACT、人α1蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)和人抗凝血酶III(AT-III)的混合物中制备人ACT的方法,包括步骤:
(A)得到一种含ACT、PI和AT-III的水溶液;
(B)在足以吸附ACT,PI和AT-III的传导率和pH条件下使所述溶液与离子交换树脂接触;
(C)在基本上足以洗脱所有的PI和AT-III的pH和传导率条件下
洗涤吸附剂;
(D)从离子交换树脂上洗脱ACT以形成一种洗脱溶液;
(E)在足以吸附ACT的条件和pH下,使洗脱出的溶液和DNA-纤维素接触;
(F)从DNA纤维素柱上洗脱ACT。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述步骤A中的溶液是Cohn IV-1糊状悬液。
5.权利要求3的方法,其中所述步骤(B)的离子交换树脂为一种阴离子交换树脂,而且所述溶液的pH为6.5、传导率为1.0-2.5mmho/cm。
6.权利要求3的方法,其中所述步骤(C)的洗脱液是一种pH6.5、传导率7.0-7.8mmho/cm的水溶液。
7.权利要求3的方法,其中所述步骤(E)的接触,是与pH6.8、传导率1.0-2.0mmho/cm的溶液接触。
8.高度纯化的ACT产物,其纯度至少为90%,活性远大于DelMar等人(Anal.Biochem.,99:316,1979)所述的用组织蛋白酶G检测的1.0mg/mg总蛋白质。
9.在药物可接受载体中的权利要求8的产物。
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CN112062833A (zh) * | 2020-10-09 | 2020-12-11 | 国药集团武汉血液制品有限公司 | 一种从血浆组分ⅳ沉淀中提取人血白蛋白的方法 |
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US20050265977A1 (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2005-12-01 | Elliott Robert B | Xenotransplant for CNS therapy |
ES2346400T3 (es) * | 1999-04-30 | 2010-10-15 | Neurotrophincell Pty Ltd | Xenotransplante para la terapia del snc. |
US20090047325A1 (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2009-02-19 | Neurotrophincell Pty. Limited | Xenotransplant for cns therapy |
DK1248640T3 (da) * | 2000-01-20 | 2007-02-12 | Diabcell Pty Ltd | Xenotransplantation af svineöer og deres fremstilling |
WO2002032437A1 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2002-04-25 | Diatranz Limited | Preparation and xenotransplantation or porcine islets |
NZ515310A (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2004-08-27 | Diabcell Pty Ltd | Methods of treatment and delivery modes |
CA2529573A1 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-29 | Diabcell Pty Limited | Porcine islets cultured with porcine sertoli cells for xenotransplantation |
NZ540597A (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2007-02-23 | Neurotrophincell Pty Ltd | A method for preventing the onset of type I diabetes comprising administering an implantable composition comprising living choroid plexus cells |
CN110964707A (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-07 | 江西浩然生物制药有限公司 | 一种糜蛋白酶的提取纯化方法 |
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US4379087A (en) * | 1982-06-17 | 1983-04-05 | Cutter Laboratories, Inc. | Method of preparing alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor |
US5079336A (en) * | 1989-06-23 | 1992-01-07 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | α-1-antichymotrypsin, analogues and methods of production |
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CN112062833A (zh) * | 2020-10-09 | 2020-12-11 | 国药集团武汉血液制品有限公司 | 一种从血浆组分ⅳ沉淀中提取人血白蛋白的方法 |
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