CN113367246A - Feed for improving digestive tract function of poultry and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Feed for improving digestive tract function of poultry and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113367246A CN113367246A CN202110008323.5A CN202110008323A CN113367246A CN 113367246 A CN113367246 A CN 113367246A CN 202110008323 A CN202110008323 A CN 202110008323A CN 113367246 A CN113367246 A CN 113367246A
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a feed for improving the function of the digestive tract of poultry, which comprises the following steps: pulverizing and sieving waste alkali grass root, and vacuum filteringBall-milling with liquid nitrogen until the powder is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, wherein the vacuum degree is 30-50kpa, and obtaining pretreated alkannin roots; adjusting the temperature of the pretreated alkaline grass root to 30-40 deg.C, adding effective viable bacteria of 1-5 × 109Fermenting cfu/g of the composite bacteria for 2-5h, adding the silage bamboo shoot shells, the bean pulp, the rice bran, the peanut cake and the calcium chloride aqueous solution, uniformly mixing, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 105-115 ℃ for 20-40min, cooling to room temperature, and grinding to obtain superfine ground alkali grass roots; mixing superfine pulverized radix Alcaliae, semen Maydis, testa Tritici, rapeseed meal, semen Tritici Aestivi, shell powder, and radix Puerariae powder, homogenizing at 30-50MPa to obtain premix; adding taurine, grape seed procyanidine, calcium bicarbonate and salt into the premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the feed for improving the digestive tract function of the poultry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of poultry feed, in particular to feed for improving the function of the digestive tract of poultry and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A key issue in the development of the breeding industry is the health level and productivity of the animals. How to accelerate the growth of poultry and reduce the disease rate is a long-standing concern in the field of poultry farming. With the rapid development of modern poultry breeding industry in China, the problems of shortage of conventional feed resources, rising of feed raw material price and the like are increasingly highlighted, and the development of non-grain type feed is an important way for relieving the shortage of feed resources, reducing the feeding cost and improving the economic benefit.
The lignocellulose biomass is the most abundant renewable biomass resource in the earth, and the lignocellulose biomass is used for preparing the feed, so that the high-value utilization of the waste biomass can be realized, and the problems of high feed price and dependence on import can be solved. The main components of the lignocellulose are crude fibers such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like; the food entering the digestive tract is decomposed into glucose and amino acid under the action of various digestive juices, and after the food is digested and absorbed, the remainder forms excrement which is discharged out of the body, but the digestive tract of the poultry does not contain enzymes for digesting crude fiber, and the digestive tract is short and small in volume, so that the feed passes through the digestive tract at a high speed, and the nutrient substances are not completely digested and absorbed, and the digestive tract diseases with different degrees are easily induced in the past.
At present, in the intensive breeding process of modern poultry, although a method of adding feed antibiotics is adopted to prevent the diseases in production, the use of the antibiotics causes a plurality of problems, such as drug residues, drug resistance, reduction of immunity of organisms and the like, and the application of the antibiotics is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry and a preparation method thereof.
A preparation method of a feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing and sieving the waste alkali grass roots, ball-milling the waste alkali grass roots through liquid nitrogen in vacuum until the waste alkali grass roots pass through a 100-mesh sieve, wherein the vacuum degree is 30-50kpa, and the mass volume ratio g/L of the waste alkali grass roots to the liquid nitrogen is 10: 1-4, obtaining pretreated alkannin grass roots;
s2, adjusting the temperature of the pretreated alkanna tinctoria roots to 30-40 ℃, and adding 1-5 multiplied by 10 total effective viable bacteria9Fermenting cfu/g of the composite bacteria for 2-5h, adding the silage bamboo shoot shells, the bean pulp, the rice bran, the peanut cake and the calcium chloride aqueous solution, uniformly mixing, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 105-115 ℃ for 20-40min, cooling to room temperature, and grinding to obtain superfine ground alkali grass roots;
s3, uniformly mixing the superfine ground alkaline grass root, corn, bran, rapeseed meal, wheat, shell powder and kudzu root powder, and homogenizing under 30-50MPa to obtain a premix;
s4, adding taurine, grape seed procyanidin, calcium bicarbonate and salt into the premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the feed for improving the digestive tract function of the poultry.
Preferably, in S2, the composite bacteria comprise: geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride.
Preferably, in S2, the composite bacteria are prepared from geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the viable bacteria number ratio of 10: 1-4: 1-4: 1-2: 1-2.
Preferably, in S2, the concentration of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 0.1-0.5mol/L, the mass ratio of the pretreated alkaline grass root, the compound bacteria, the silage bamboo shoot shell, the bean pulp, the rice bran, the peanut cake and the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 100: 1-2: 30-40: 4-12: 4-10: 10-20: 200-500.
Preferably, in S2, the grinding is performed by a colloid mill, and the grinding is performed for 20-40min at a gap of 20-30 μm and for 5-15min at a gap of 10-15 μm.
Preferably, in S3, the superfine grinding alkali grass root, corn, bran, rapeseed meal, wheat, shell powder and kudzu root powder has a mass ratio of 100: 20-40: 1-5: 2-8: 5-15: 1-5: 1-2.
Preferably, in S3, homogenizing treatment is performed by a homogenizer with an inlet temperature of 10-20 ℃.
Preferably, in S4, the mass ratio of the premix, taurine, grape seed procyanidin, calcium bicarbonate and salt is 100: 1-2: 0.1-0.6: 1-2: 0.1-1.
A feed for improving the function of the digestive tract of poultry is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the feed for improving the function of the digestive tract of poultry.
The technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the alkali grass is one of important pastures on a natural grass field, the root and stem penetration and encroachment capacity of the alkali grass is very strong, a strong root network can be formed, the crude fiber content of the root system is extremely high, and the alkali grass is generally discarded and treated because the alkali grass is not easy to digest.
In the invention, the waste alkali grass roots are sprayed with liquid nitrogen under the vacuum condition of a ball mill cavity, the hard structure of the waste alkali grass roots can be quickly embrittled, the composite bacteria are added for fermentation after ball milling, lignocellulose can be degraded, soluble sugar and other easily-absorbed components can be obtained, digestion and absorption of food can be effectively promoted, lactic acid and acetic acid generated in the fermentation process can effectively regulate the pH value of a system, the growth and propagation of pathogenic bacteria can be inhibited, the gastrointestinal injury caused by pathogenic bacteria and toxin can be reduced, the gastrointestinal tract mucous membrane repair can be promoted, meanwhile, a high-pressure reaction kettle can be effectively inhibited to generate Maillard reaction under the acidic environment, the degradation of a plant cell wall degradation-resistant barrier can be promoted by matching with calcium chloride, the content of nutrient substances can be effectively increased, particularly, the extraction degree of fat, protein and hemicellulose is extremely high, and in addition, the hemicellulose can be converted into oligosaccharide, the anti-nutritional factor phytic acid, inositol, the phosphoric acid and the composite bacteria can be converted into the acid, The anti-nutritional factor acid-soluble lignin is converted into polyphenol and the like, is easily absorbed by poultry intestinal tracts, is matched with the action of a colloid mill to destroy the final anti-degradation barrier of microorganisms and plant cells, can realize the regulation and repair of the poultry digestive tracts and promote the development of the poultry digestive tracts, and has almost complete utilization of nutrients and high feed-meat ratio.
The invention adopts the fermented soda grass roots and the silage bamboo shoot shells as the main materials, the crude protein content of the feed can reach more than 25 percent, and the total of 16 amino acids is more than 8.15g/100g, the protein content of the feed is comprehensively improved, the content of cellulose is reduced, and the feed can be compounded with other raw materials, thereby not only realizing the adjustment and the repair of the digestive tract of poultry, reducing the number of harmful bacteria in the digestive tract of poultry, promoting the development of the digestive tract of poultry, improving the absorption of nutrient substances, improving the immunity and the slaughtering performance of poultry, and improving the muscle quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the muscular stomach and glandular stomach of AA broiler chickens fed with the poultry feed obtained in example 5;
FIG. 2 is an anatomical view of the muscular stomach and glandular stomach of a control group AA broiler chicken after test;
FIG. 3 is a muscular stomach tissue section of the AA broiler chicken fed with the poultry feed obtained in example 5;
fig. 4 is a muscular stomach tissue section after the AA broiler chicken test of the control group.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the waste alkali grass roots, sieving the crushed waste alkali grass roots with a 40-mesh sieve, placing the crushed waste alkali grass roots into a cavity of a ball mill, vacuumizing the cavity in a sealed mode, spraying liquid nitrogen, wherein the mass volume ratio g/L of the waste alkali grass roots to the liquid nitrogen is 10: 4, starting a ball mill to grind the mixture until the mixture is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, so as to obtain pretreated alkali grass roots;
s2, adjusting the temperature of 100kg of pretreated alkanna tinctoria roots to 30 ℃, adding 2kg of active viable bacteria with the total number of 1.03 multiplied by 109Fermenting cfu/g of composite bacteria for 5 hours, adding 40kg of silage bamboo shoot shells, 4kg of soybean meal, 10kg of rice bran, 10kg of peanut cakes and 500kg of calcium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, uniformly mixing, feeding into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, keeping the temperature at 115 ℃ for 20min, cooling to room temperature, pouring into a colloid mill, operating at 30 mu m intervals for 20min, and operating at 15 mu m intervals for 5min to obtain superfine ground alkali grass roots;
the composite bacteria are prepared from geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the viable bacteria quantity ratio of 10: 1: 4: 1: 2, preparing a composition;
s3, adding 100kg of superfine ground alkali grass roots into a homogenizer, sequentially adding 40kg of corns, 1kg of bran, 8kg of rapeseed meal, 5kg of wheat, 5kg of shell powder and 1kg of kudzu root powder under a stirring state, and homogenizing for 2 times under the pressure of 50MPa, wherein the inlet temperature of the homogenizer is 20 ℃ to obtain a premix;
s4, adding 1kg of taurine, 0.6kg of grape seed procyanidin, 1kg of calcium bicarbonate and 1kg of salt into 100kg of premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry.
Example 2
A preparation method of a feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the waste alkali grass roots, sieving the crushed waste alkali grass roots with a 40-mesh sieve, placing the crushed waste alkali grass roots into a cavity of a ball mill, vacuumizing the cavity in a sealed mode, spraying liquid nitrogen, wherein the mass volume ratio g/L of the waste alkali grass roots to the liquid nitrogen is 10: 1, starting a ball mill to grind the mixture until the mixture is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, so as to obtain pretreated alkali grass roots;
s2, adjusting the temperature of 100kg of pretreated alkanna tinctoria roots to 40 ℃, and adding 1kg of active viable bacteria with the total number of 4.92 multiplied by 109Fermenting for 2h by cfu/g of composite bacteria, adding 30kg of silage bamboo shoot shells, 12kg of soybean meal, 4kg of rice bran, 20kg of peanut cakes and 200kg of calcium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, uniformly mixing, feeding into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, keeping the temperature at 105 ℃ for 40min, cooling to room temperature, pouring into a colloid mill, operating for 40min at a gap of 20 micrometers, and operating for 15min at a gap of 10 micrometers to obtain superfine ground alkaline grass roots;
the composite bacteria are prepared from geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the viable bacteria quantity ratio of 10: 4: 1: 2: 1, preparing a composition;
s3, adding 100kg of superfine ground alkali grass roots into a homogenizer, sequentially adding 20kg of corns, 5kg of bran, 2kg of rapeseed meal, 15kg of wheat, 1kg of shell powder and 2kg of kudzu root powder under a stirring state, and homogenizing for 4 times under the pressure of 30MPa, wherein the inlet temperature of the homogenizer is 10 ℃ to obtain a premix;
s4, adding 2kg of taurine, 0.1kg of grape seed procyanidin, 2kg of calcium bicarbonate and 0.1kg of salt into 100kg of premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the feed for improving the digestive tract function of the poultry.
Example 3
A preparation method of a feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the waste alkali grass roots, sieving the crushed waste alkali grass roots with a 40-mesh sieve, placing the crushed waste alkali grass roots into a cavity of a ball mill, vacuumizing the cavity in a sealed mode, spraying liquid nitrogen, wherein the mass volume ratio g/L of the waste alkali grass roots to the liquid nitrogen is 10: 3, starting a ball mill to grind the mixture until the mixture is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, so as to obtain pretreated alkali grass roots;
s2, adjusting the temperature of 100kg of pretreated alkanna tinctoria roots to 33 ℃, adding 1.8kg of active viable bacteria with the total number of 2.35 multiplied by 109Fermenting cfu/g of composite bacteria for 4h, adding 33kg of silage bamboo shoot shells, 10kg of soybean meal, 6kg of rice bran, 18kg of peanut cakes and 300kg of calcium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.4mol/L, uniformly mixing, feeding into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, keeping the temperature at 108 ℃ for 35min, cooling to room temperature, pouring into a colloid mill, operating for 35min at a clearance of 22 mu m, and operating for 12min at a clearance of 12 mu m to obtain superfine ground alkali grass roots;
the composite bacteria are prepared from geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the viable bacteria quantity ratio of 10: 2: 3: 1.2: 1.7;
s3, adding 100kg of superfine ground alkali grass roots into a homogenizer, sequentially adding 25kg of corns, 4kg of bran, 4kg of rapeseed meal, 12kg of wheat, 2kg of shell powder and 1.7kg of kudzu root powder under a stirring state, and homogenizing for 3 times under the pressure of 35MPa, wherein the inlet temperature of the homogenizer is 17 ℃ to obtain a premix;
s4, adding 1.3kg of taurine, 0.5kg of grape seed procyanidin, 1.3kg of calcium bicarbonate and 0.6kg of salt into 100kg of premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the feed for improving the digestive tract function of the poultry.
Example 4
A preparation method of a feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the waste alkali grass roots, sieving the crushed waste alkali grass roots with a 40-mesh sieve, placing the crushed waste alkali grass roots into a cavity of a ball mill, vacuumizing the cavity in a sealed mode, spraying liquid nitrogen, wherein the mass volume ratio g/L of the waste alkali grass roots to the liquid nitrogen is 10: 2, starting a ball mill to grind the mixture until the mixture is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, so as to obtain pretreated alkali grass roots;
s2, adjusting the temperature of 100kg of pretreated alkanna tinctoria roots to 37 ℃, adding 1.2kg of active viable bacteria with the total number of 4.16 multiplied by 109Fermenting cfu/g of composite bacteria for 3h, adding 37kg of silage bamboo shoot shells, 6kg of soybean meal, 8kg of rice bran, 12kg of peanut cakes and 400kg of calcium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.2mol/L, uniformly mixing, feeding into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, keeping the temperature at 112 ℃ for 25min, cooling to room temperature, pouring into a colloid mill, operating for 25min at a gap of 28 microns, and operating for 8min at a gap of 14 microns to obtain superfine ground alkali grass roots;
the composite bacteria are prepared from geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the viable bacteria quantity ratio of 10: 3: 2: 1.8: 1.3;
s3, adding 100kg of superfine ground alkali grass roots into a homogenizer, sequentially adding 35kg of corn, 2kg of bran, 6kg of rapeseed meal, 8kg of wheat, 4kg of shell powder and 1.3kg of kudzu root powder under a stirring state, and homogenizing for 3 times under the pressure of 45MPa, wherein the inlet temperature of the homogenizer is 13 ℃ to obtain a premix;
s4, adding 1.7kg of taurine, 0.2kg of grape seed procyanidin, 1.7kg of calcium bicarbonate and 0.2kg of salt into 100kg of premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the feed for improving the digestive tract function of the poultry.
Example 5
A preparation method of a feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the waste alkali grass roots, sieving the crushed waste alkali grass roots with a 40-mesh sieve, placing the crushed waste alkali grass roots into a cavity of a ball mill, vacuumizing the cavity in a sealed mode, spraying liquid nitrogen, wherein the mass volume ratio g/L of the waste alkali grass roots to the liquid nitrogen is 4: 1, starting a ball mill to grind the mixture until the mixture is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, so as to obtain pretreated alkali grass roots;
s2, adjusting the temperature of 100kg of pretreated alkanna tinctoria roots to 35 ℃, adding 1.5kg of active viable bacteria with the total number of 3.30 multiplied by 109Fermenting for 3.5h by cfu/g of composite bacteria, then adding 35kg of silage bamboo shoot shells, 8kg of soybean meal, 7kg of rice bran, 15kg of peanut cakes and 350kg of calcium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.3mol/L, uniformly mixing, feeding into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, keeping the temperature at 110 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, pouring into a colloid mill, operating at a gap of 25 mu m for 30min, and operating at a gap of 13 mu m for 10min to obtain superfine crushed alkali grass roots;
the composite bacteria are prepared from geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the viable bacteria quantity ratio of 20: 5: 5: 3: 3, preparing a composition;
s3, adding 100kg of superfine ground alkali grass roots into a homogenizer, sequentially adding 30kg of corns, 3kg of bran, 5kg of rapeseed meal, 10kg of wheat, 3kg of shell powder and 1.5kg of kudzu root powder under a stirring state, and homogenizing for 3 times under the pressure of 40MPa, wherein the inlet temperature of the homogenizer is 15 ℃ to obtain a premix;
s4, adding 1.5kg of taurine, 0.35kg of grape seed procyanidin, 1.5kg of calcium bicarbonate and 0.4kg of salt into 100kg of premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the feed for improving the digestive tract function of the poultry.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of poultry feed comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the alkannin, sieving the alkannin by a 40-mesh sieve, placing the obtained product in a ball mill cavity, vacuumizing the cavity in a sealed mode, spraying liquid nitrogen, wherein the mass volume ratio g/L of the alkannin to the liquid nitrogen is 4: 1, starting a ball mill to grind the mixture until the mixture is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, so as to obtain pretreated soda grass;
s2, adjusting the temperature of 100kg of pretreated Alkalimeria officinalis to 35 ℃, and adding 1.5kg of active viable bacteria with the total number of 3.30 multiplied by 109Fermenting cfu/g composite bacteria for 3.5h, adding 35kg of green bamboo shoot shell, 8kg of soybean meal, 7kg of rice bran, 15kg of peanut cake and 350kg of 0.3mol/L calcium chloride aqueous solution, uniformly mixing, feeding into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, keeping the temperature at 110 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, pouring into a colloid mill, and stirring at 25 mu mRunning for 30min at intervals, and running for 10min at intervals of 13 μm to obtain superfine crushed soda grass;
the composite bacteria are prepared from geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the viable bacteria quantity ratio of 20: 5: 5: 3: 3, preparing a composition;
s3, adding 100kg of superfine crushed soda grass into a homogenizer, sequentially adding 30kg of corn, 3kg of bran, 5kg of rapeseed meal, 10kg of wheat, 3kg of shell powder and 1.5kg of kudzu root powder under a stirring state, and homogenizing for 3 times under the pressure of 40MPa, wherein the inlet temperature of the homogenizer is 15 ℃ to obtain a premix;
s4, adding 1.5kg of taurine, 0.35kg of grape seed procyanidin, 1.5kg of calcium bicarbonate and 0.4kg of salt into 100kg of premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the poultry feed.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of poultry feed comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the waste alkali grass roots and sieving the crushed waste alkali grass roots with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain pretreated alkali grass roots;
s2, adjusting the temperature of 100kg of pretreated alkanna tinctoria roots to 35 ℃, adding 1.5kg of active viable bacteria with the total number of 3.30 multiplied by 109Fermenting for 3.5h by cfu/g of composite bacteria, then adding 35kg of silage bamboo shoot shells, 8kg of soybean meal, 7kg of rice bran, 15kg of peanut cakes and 350kg of calcium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.3mol/L, uniformly mixing, feeding into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, keeping the temperature at 110 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, pouring into a colloid mill, operating at a gap of 25 mu m for 30min, and operating at a gap of 13 mu m for 10min to obtain superfine crushed alkali grass roots;
the composite bacteria are prepared from geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the viable bacteria quantity ratio of 20: 5: 5: 3: 3, preparing a composition;
s3, adding 100kg of superfine ground alkali grass roots into a homogenizer, sequentially adding 30kg of corns, 3kg of bran, 5kg of rapeseed meal, 10kg of wheat, 3kg of shell powder and 1.5kg of kudzu root powder under a stirring state, and homogenizing for 3 times under the pressure of 40MPa, wherein the inlet temperature of the homogenizer is 15 ℃ to obtain a premix;
s4, adding 1.5kg of taurine, 0.35kg of grape seed procyanidin, 1.5kg of calcium bicarbonate and 0.4kg of salt into 100kg of premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the poultry feed.
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of poultry feed comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the waste alkali grass roots, sieving the crushed waste alkali grass roots with a 40-mesh sieve, placing the crushed waste alkali grass roots into a cavity of a ball mill, vacuumizing the cavity in a sealed mode, spraying liquid nitrogen, wherein the mass volume ratio g/L of the waste alkali grass roots to the liquid nitrogen is 4: 1, starting a ball mill to grind the mixture until the mixture is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, so as to obtain pretreated alkali grass roots;
s2, uniformly mixing 100kg of pretreated alkaline grass roots with 35kg of silage bamboo shoot shells, 8kg of soybean meal, 7kg of rice bran, 15kg of peanut cakes and 350kg of calcium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.3mol/L, feeding the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, keeping the temperature at 110 ℃ for 30min, cooling the mixture to room temperature, pouring the mixture into a colloid mill, operating the colloid mill at a gap of 25 mu m for 30min, and operating the colloid mill at a gap of 13 mu m for 10min to obtain superfine crushed alkaline grass roots;
s3, adding 100kg of superfine ground alkali grass roots into a homogenizer, sequentially adding 30kg of corns, 3kg of bran, 5kg of rapeseed meal, 10kg of wheat, 3kg of shell powder and 1.5kg of kudzu root powder under a stirring state, and homogenizing for 3 times under the pressure of 40MPa, wherein the inlet temperature of the homogenizer is 15 ℃ to obtain a premix;
s4, adding 1.5kg of taurine, 0.35kg of grape seed procyanidin, 1.5kg of calcium bicarbonate and 0.4kg of salt into 100kg of premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the poultry feed.
Comparative example 4
A preparation method of poultry feed comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the waste alkali grass roots, sieving the crushed waste alkali grass roots with a 40-mesh sieve, placing the crushed waste alkali grass roots into a cavity of a ball mill, vacuumizing the cavity in a sealed mode, spraying liquid nitrogen, wherein the mass volume ratio g/L of the waste alkali grass roots to the liquid nitrogen is 4: 1, starting a ball mill to grind the mixture until the mixture is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, so as to obtain pretreated alkali grass roots;
s2, adjusting the temperature of 100kg of pretreated alkanna tinctoria roots to 35 ℃, adding 1.5kg of active viable bacteria with the total number of 3.30 multiplied by 109Fermenting cfu/g of composite bacteria for 3.5h, adding 35kg of silage bamboo shoot shell, 8kg of soybean meal, 7kg of rice bran, 15kg of peanut cake and 350kg of water, mixing uniformly, feeding into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, keeping the temperature at 110 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, pouring into a colloid mill, and performing separation at a gap of 25 mu mRunning for 30min, and running for 10min at 13 μm gap to obtain superfine ground alkali grass root;
the composite bacteria are prepared from geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the viable bacteria quantity ratio of 20: 5: 5: 3: 3, preparing a composition;
s3, adding 100kg of superfine ground alkali grass roots into a homogenizer, sequentially adding 30kg of corns, 3kg of bran, 5kg of rapeseed meal, 10kg of wheat, 3kg of shell powder and 1.5kg of kudzu root powder under a stirring state, and homogenizing for 3 times under the pressure of 40MPa, wherein the inlet temperature of the homogenizer is 15 ℃ to obtain a premix;
s4, adding 1.5kg of taurine, 0.35kg of grape seed procyanidin, 1.5kg of calcium bicarbonate and 0.4kg of salt into 100kg of premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the poultry feed.
Comparative example 5
A preparation method of poultry feed comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the waste alkali grass roots, sieving the crushed waste alkali grass roots with a 40-mesh sieve, placing the crushed waste alkali grass roots into a cavity of a ball mill, vacuumizing the cavity in a sealed mode, spraying liquid nitrogen, wherein the mass volume ratio g/L of the waste alkali grass roots to the liquid nitrogen is 4: 1, starting a ball mill to grind the mixture until the mixture is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve, so as to obtain pretreated alkali grass roots;
s2, adjusting the temperature of 100kg of pretreated alkanna tinctoria roots to 35 ℃, adding 1.5kg of active viable bacteria with the total number of 3.30 multiplied by 109Fermenting for 3.5h by cfu/g of composite bacteria, then adding 35kg of silage bamboo shoot shells, 8kg of soybean meal, 7kg of rice bran, 15kg of peanut cakes and 350kg of calcium chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.3mol/L, uniformly mixing, feeding into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, keeping the temperature at 110 ℃ for 30min, cooling to room temperature, pouring into a colloid mill, operating at a gap of 25 mu m for 30min, and operating at a gap of 13 mu m for 10min to obtain superfine crushed alkali grass roots;
the composite bacteria are prepared from geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride according to the viable bacteria quantity ratio of 20: 5: 5: 3: 3, preparing a composition;
s3, stirring 100kg of superfine ground alkali grass roots, and sequentially adding 30kg of corns, 3kg of bran, 5kg of rapeseed meal, 10kg of wheat, 3kg of shell powder and 1.5kg of kudzu root powder under the stirring state to obtain a premix;
s4, adding 1.5kg of taurine, 0.35kg of grape seed procyanidin, 1.5kg of calcium bicarbonate and 0.4kg of salt into 100kg of premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the poultry feed.
1400 AA broilers of 14-day age are selected in the test and randomly divided into seven groups, each group is 20 in number, 10 broilers are repeated in each group, the test period is 28 days, and the test is finished until the 42-day age of the broilers.
6 parts per day in the morning: 00 and 6 at night: 00, the control group was fed commercial feed, the test group was fed poultry feed obtained in example 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5, and the remaining feeding conditions were kept the same. The method comprises the following specific steps:
body weight and mortality for each group were as follows:
the slaughter performance of each group was as follows:
| carcass rate% | Semi-bore clearance rate% | The total bore clearance rate% | Chest muscle rate,% | Rate of leg muscles% | |
| Example 5 | 96.91 | 86.15 | 77.84 | 25.62 | 20.98 |
| Comparative example 1 | 96.42 | 85.87 | 77.15 | 25.37 | 20.77 |
| Comparative example 2 | 95.73 | 86.51 | 78.21 | 24.54 | 21.06 |
| Comparative example 3 | 95.50 | 86.78 | 78.46 | 24.18 | 21.56 |
| Comparative example 4 | 96.17 | 86.03 | 77.53 | 25.06 | 19.36 |
| Comparative example 5 | 95.96 | 86.36 | 77.92 | 24.83 | 20.54 |
| Control group | 93.66 | 84.47 | 77.17 | 19.28 | 17.24 |
The weights of each myogastric and glandular stomach were as follows:
| 28d muscular stomach, g | 28d glandular stomach, g | 42d muscular stomach, g | 42d glandular stomach, g | |
| Example 5 | 30.126 | 6.056 | 33.396 | 7.621 |
| Comparative example 1 | 30.073 | 6.010 | 33.289 | 7.476 |
| Comparative example 2 | 29.931 | 5.814 | 32.247 | 8.219 |
| Comparative example 3 | 29.803 | 5.795 | 32.033 | 8.426 |
| Comparative example 4 | 29.992 | 5.941 | 33.019 | 7.941 |
| Comparative example 5 | 29.945 | 5.886 | 32.645 | 8.003 |
| Control group | 22.018 | 4.975 | 25.496 | 6.889 |
The indexes of the digestive tract organs of the broilers in each group are as follows:
the quality of the breast muscle of each group of broilers is as follows:
the leg muscle quality of the broilers in each group is as follows:
| meat color L | Flesh color a | Flesh color b | pH value | |
| Example 5 | 45.53 | 1.93 | 8.26 | 6.70 |
| Comparative example 1 | 45.80 | 2.14 | 8.14 | 6.74 |
| Comparative example 2 | 42.36 | 2.01 | 7.06 | 6.25 |
| Comparative example 3 | 41.81 | 2.14 | 6.80 | 6.15 |
| Comparative example 4 | 43.57 | 2.26 | 7.87 | 6.48 |
| Comparative example 5 | 44.26 | 2.33 | 7.39 | 6.26 |
| Control group | 45.55 | 4.46 | 6.89 | 6.64 |
From the above table, it can be seen that: the feed reduces the death rate and improves the weight and slaughtering performance of the broiler chickens; moreover, the feed obtained by the invention balances the ratio of muscular stomach to glandular stomach, and is always maintained at 4.38-4.97: 1, can also promote the growth and development of digestive organs of the broiler chickens, realize the regulation and repair of the digestive tracts of the broiler chickens, and simultaneously can improve the quality of muscles (especially breast muscles and leg muscles).
Then, 20 individuals of each of the example 5 group and the control group were randomly selected, and the muscular stomach and glandular stomach thereof were dissected and tissue-sectioned, and the results thereof are shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, and it was found that: example 5 the papilla and stomach wall of the glandular stomach of the group were normal with moderate hand feel; in the control group, the glandular stomach papilla is flat or even disappears, the hand feeling is hard, the glandular stomach wall is thickened, the glandular stomach mucosa is swollen and thickened, 2 ulcerated ulcer foci appear in the control group, and the control group presents third-degree infection.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, crushing and sieving the waste alkali grass roots, ball-milling the waste alkali grass roots through liquid nitrogen in vacuum until the waste alkali grass roots pass through a 100-mesh sieve, wherein the vacuum degree is 30-50kpa, and the mass volume ratio g/L of the waste alkali grass roots to the liquid nitrogen is 10: 1-4, obtaining pretreated alkannin grass roots;
s2, adjusting the temperature of the pretreated alkanna tinctoria roots to 30-40 ℃, and adding 1-5 multiplied by 10 total effective viable bacteria9Fermenting cfu/g of the composite bacteria for 2-5h, adding the silage bamboo shoot shells, the bean pulp, the rice bran, the peanut cake and the calcium chloride aqueous solution, uniformly mixing, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 105-115 ℃ for 20-40min, cooling to room temperature, and grinding to obtain superfine ground alkali grass roots;
s3, uniformly mixing the superfine ground alkaline grass root, corn, bran, rapeseed meal, wheat, shell powder and kudzu root powder, and homogenizing under 30-50MPa to obtain a premix;
s4, adding taurine, grape seed procyanidin, calcium bicarbonate and salt into the premix, uniformly stirring, and granulating to obtain the feed for improving the digestive tract function of the poultry.
2. The method for preparing a feed for improving digestive tract function of poultry according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the composite bacteria comprise: geotrichum candidum, saccharomycetes, rhizopus, bacillus subtilis and trichoderma viride.
3. The method for preparing feed for improving digestive tract function of poultry according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in S2, the composite bacteria are selected from Geotrichum candidum, yeast, Rhizopus, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride according to viable bacteria number ratio of 10: 1-4: 1-4: 1-2: 1-2.
4. The method for preparing feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the concentration of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 0.1-0.5mol/L, and the mass ratio of the pretreated alkaline grass root, the compound bacteria, the silage bamboo shoot shell, the bean pulp, the rice bran, the peanut cake and the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 100: 1-2: 30-40: 4-12: 4-10: 10-20: 200-500.
5. The method for preparing a feed for improving digestive tract function of poultry according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the grinding is performed by a colloid mill, and the grinding is performed for 20-40min at a gap of 20-30 μm and for 5-15min at a gap of 10-15 μm.
6. The method for preparing feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the mass ratio of the superfine ground alkanna tinctoria root, the corn, the bran, the rapeseed meal, the wheat, the shell powder and the kudzu root powder is 100: 20-40: 1-5: 2-8: 5-15: 1-5: 1-2.
7. The method for preparing a feed for improving digestive tract function of poultry according to claim 1, wherein in S3, homogenizing treatment is performed by using a homogenizer, and the inlet temperature of the homogenizer is 10-20 ℃.
8. The method for preparing feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the mass ratio of the premix, taurine, grape seed procyanidin, calcium bicarbonate and salt is 100: 1-2: 0.1-0.6: 1-2: 0.1-1.
9. A feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry, which is prepared by the preparation method of the feed for improving the digestive tract function of poultry according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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