CN113348889A - Grafting method for improving grafting survival rate of litchi trees in rainy season and application of grafting method - Google Patents

Grafting method for improving grafting survival rate of litchi trees in rainy season and application of grafting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113348889A
CN113348889A CN202110598897.2A CN202110598897A CN113348889A CN 113348889 A CN113348889 A CN 113348889A CN 202110598897 A CN202110598897 A CN 202110598897A CN 113348889 A CN113348889 A CN 113348889A
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stock
grafting
litchi
inverted
scion
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申济源
陈虹君
杨小靖
杨国安
陈厚彬
罗心平
张惠云
王晗
刘明欣
陈婷
蔡宗渊
单小珍
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South China Agricultural University
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South China Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting

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  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant grafting and seedling raising, and particularly relates to a grafting method for improving grafting survival rate of litchi trees in rainy season and application thereof, wherein the invention provides an inverted anvil grafting method for the litchi trees, and compared with the traditional grafting method, the inverted anvil not only plays a role of 'pumping water branches', and is beneficial to providing water and mineral nutrient elements for scions by stocks; meanwhile, the inverted stock part can provide carbon nutrients such as photosynthetic assimilates and the like to the stock through the phloem, so that the activity of the stock is maintained, and the stock is prevented from shrinking and bursting skin to influence the grafting survival rate; in addition, the longitudinal section left at the grafting opening of the stock during cutting of the inverted stock is beneficial to discharging redundant water vapor and preventing accumulated water at the grafting opening from rotting, thereby improving the survival rate of litchi grafting in rainy seasons. Therefore, the inverted stock grafting method can solve the problem that the scion is necrotic due to the ponding water at the grafting opening in the litchi grafting process, and improve the grafting survival rate of the litchi in rainy season.

Description

Grafting method for improving grafting survival rate of litchi trees in rainy season and application of grafting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant grafting and seedling raising, and particularly relates to a grafting method for improving grafting survival rate of litchi trees in rainy seasons and application thereof.
Background
Litchi (with the academic name: Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is originally produced in the south China and is a subtropical fruit tree, an evergreen arbor, the height of which is about 10 m, the peel of the fruit has scale-like bulges, is bright red and purplish red when the fruit is mature, and the pulp of the fruit is semitransparent, greasy, fragrant and delicious, but not durable in storage.
Litchi belongs to subtropical fruit trees, is warm in nature and evergreen, has a high common height of not more than 10 meters, sometimes can reach 15 meters or more, and has grey and black bark; small cylindrical branches, brownish red, dense white skin pores. The length of the leaf connecting stem is 10-25 cm or more; 2 or 3 pairs of small leaves, less 4 pairs, thin leathery or leathery, needle-shaped or egg-shaped needle-shaped, sometimes long ellipse-shaped needle-shaped, 6-15 cm long, 2-4cm wide, sharp top end or tail-shaped short and sharp, full edge, dark green ventral surface, luster, pink green back surface and no hair on two surfaces; the lateral pulse is usually fine and not obvious on the ventral surface and obvious or slightly convex on the dorsal surface; the petiole is 7-8 mm long.
The litchi seedlings are fruit seedlings which are directly planted and grown by litchi seeds, generally the seedlings begin to bloom and bear fruits after more than 8 years of age, but the fruit bearing is small, thin in flesh, large in kernel, sour in taste, low in yield, large in seedling size, difficult to manage, developed in root system, vigorous in vegetative growth and serious in fruiting phenomenon in the big year and the small year. The grafted litchi seedlings can bear fruits in 3 years generally, the fruits inherit the quality of high-quality litchi, and the tree shape is small and easy to manage.
The existing litchi orchard still has the defects of unreasonable variety structure, large proportion of low-market-value varieties such as 'Huai branches' and 'black leaves', over-centralized fruit maturity period and the like, so that the problems of low litchi price, low yield and low harvest and the like are increasingly highlighted. Therefore, the regulation of the variety structure of the litchi orchard by high grafting and seed changing is urgent. In addition, because the propagation coefficient of the traditional high-altitude layering seedling (also called 'circled branch seedling') seedling raising technology is too low, the seedling demand of a newly-built litchi orchard can be met only by developing the grafting seedling raising technology. Therefore, the method for grafting the litchi with high efficiency and high survival rate has important significance. The traditional litchi grafting method is that the stock part above a grafting opening is completely removed, grafting is carried out on a smooth section, then the stock and the scion are completely and hermetically wrapped by a plastic film, so that the scion is prevented from being dehydrated and dried up due to transpiration, but the traditional sealed wrapping mode also easily causes overlarge humidity inside the grafting opening and generates accumulated water, so that the scion is finally rotted and necrotic, and the grafting survival rate is low. Because the litchi is generally grafted in 2-4 months in spring and 9-10 months in autumn, the litchi planting area in the period has abundant rain and less intense sunlight, and is favorable for moisturizing the rootstock and the scion. However, by adopting the traditional grafting method, if continuous rainy weather occurs before and after grafting, soil moisture is easily saturated, and the stock can deliver a large amount of water to the scion, so that a large amount of water is accumulated in a thin film of a grafting opening, and the scion is retted, rotted and necrotized. Therefore, a new litchi grafting method is needed to be invented to solve the problem that the scion is necrotic due to the ponding water at the grafting port in the litchi grafting process, improve the grafting survival rate and expand the grafting time window.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an inverted stock grafting method of a litchi tree, which solves the problem that a scion is necrotic due to water accumulated at a grafting opening in the grafting process of litchi and improves the grafting survival rate of the litchi in rainy seasons.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an inverted stock grafting method for litchi trees comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing scions: selecting an adult litchi branch as a scion, removing leaves and top tender tips of the branch, only leaving a short petiole to protect axillary buds, cutting the lower part of the axillary buds of the branch into short cut surfaces, cutting the reverse side of the short cut surfaces into long cut surfaces, and then cutting the branch into the scion from the upper part of the axillary buds;
s2, stock treatment: selecting a strong litchi seedling without diseases and insect pests and with smooth and complete bark as a stock, breaking a branch of the stock along the horizontal direction to be close to the edge of the cross section of the branch, reserving a part of xylem, and tearing off the broken branch tip and the phloem downwards for a certain distance to form an inverted stock;
s3, grafting: cutting a distance under the cambium of the opposite part of the tearing opening of the stock, aligning and tightly inserting the long cutting surface of the scion inwards with the cambium of the stock, and then totally and tightly wrapping the scion and the stock by using a film from bottom to top;
s4, post-grafting treatment: and (4) applying a medicament on the tearing opening part of the stock, and cutting off the inverted stock after the scion grows new leaves to finish grafting.
The inverted stock grafting method is adopted to graft litchi in a litchi cultivation area with clear dry seasons and clear rainy seasons, and results show that the grafting survival rate is very high in both the rainy seasons with high grafting difficulty and the dry seasons lacking rainwater. Wherein the grafting survival rate in rainy season is up to more than 98%. Therefore, the inverted stock grafting method can solve the problem that the scion is necrotic due to the ponding water at the grafting opening in the litchi grafting process, and improve the grafting survival rate of the litchi in rainy seasons.
Preferably, the litchi variety selected by the scion includes but is not limited to ' science and technology I ', ' Feizixiao ', and Fengshan red lantern '; the litchi variety selected by the rootstock comprises but is not limited to 'Feizixiao', 'Brown hairli' and 'Huai Zhi'.
Preferably, the scion is selected from annual litchi which is grown in one year or two years and has strong fruit, full axillary bud and no plant diseases and insect pests at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown of the litchi tree; and selecting 3-6-year-old litchi trees as the stocks.
Preferably, the short cutting surface is a short cutting surface with an angle of 40-50 degrees, and the long cutting surface is 2-4cm long and is cut to form a layer or a little xylem. Further, the short cutting surface is a 45-degree short cutting surface.
Preferably, in step S2, the rootstock branch is cut off along the horizontal direction, and the cut is optimally cut to one fifth of the cross section of the branch.
Preferably, the shoots are cut from 0.8-1.5cm above the axillary buds to scions. Further, the shoots were cut from 1.0cm above the axillary buds to scions.
Preferably, in the process of forming the inverted stock, the branch of the stock is cut off to one fifth of the cross section of the branch along the horizontal direction, and the branch is torn down to the position 5-8cm away from the cross section of the stock.
Preferably, 2-4cm of cambium layer opposite to the tearing opening of the stock is cut.
Preferably, when the scion and the rootstock are wrapped in a totally-enclosed manner, the axillary buds are only wrapped with a single-layer film, so that the scion and the rootstock can be conveniently germinated and tretched.
Preferably, the grafting time includes, but is not limited to, 3 months, 4 months, and 7 months. Further, grafting time is 3 months and 4 months.
For killing pests such as ants, preferably, the agent includes, but is not limited to, carbendazim and beta-cypermethrin. Further, the medicament is applied by smearing.
The invention also provides application of the inverted stock grafting method for the litchi trees in grafting and seedling raising of the litchi trees, wherein the application is to improve the grafting survival rate of the litchi trees in rainy seasons.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional grafting method, the litchi tree inverted stock grafting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the inverted stock not only plays a role of 'pumping branches', but also is beneficial to providing water and mineral nutrient elements for the scions by the stocks; meanwhile, the inverted stock part can provide carbon nutrients such as photosynthetic assimilates and the like to the stock through the phloem, so that the activity of the stock is maintained, and the stock is prevented from shrinking and bursting skin to influence the grafting survival rate; in addition, the longitudinal section left at the grafting opening of the stock during cutting of the inverted stock is beneficial to discharging redundant water vapor and preventing accumulated water at the grafting opening from rotting, thereby improving the survival rate of litchi grafting in rainy seasons. Therefore, the inverted stock grafting method can solve the problem that the scion is necrotic due to the ponding water at the grafting opening in the litchi grafting process, and improve the grafting survival rate of the litchi in rainy season.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a cut scion;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the formation of an "inverted anvil" structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of scion joining in an "inverted" grafting process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of fixing and sealing the scion and the rootstock by using a plastic film;
FIG. 5 is a view of a surviving graft after grafting in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a view of a surviving graft after grafting in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a live scion after grafting in example 3 (the left diagram shows the effect of removing the "inverted anvil" and the thin film, and the right diagram shows the effect of not removing the "inverted anvil").
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The experimental procedures in the following examples were carried out by conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the test materials used in the following examples were commercially available by conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 reverse stock grafting method for litchi trees
In a litchi orchard of Yunnan province, 3-year-old Feizixiao litchi seedlings are used as stocks in a Yangtze river town Hot Water village litchi orchard of autonomous county of Yanbian Miao nationality in 2021, grafting tests are carried out by selecting 'science and technology I' litchi as scions, and the specific grafting method is as follows:
(1) preparing scions: selecting annual or two-year-old branches with strong growth, plump axillary buds and no diseases and insect pests at the middle upper part of the periphery of a crown of a 'science and technology I' adult litchi tree as scions, removing leaves and top young tips of the branches, only leaving short leaf stalks to protect the axillary buds, cutting the lower parts of the axillary buds of the branches into short cut surfaces with an angle of about 45 degrees, cutting the reverse surfaces (opposite surfaces) of the short cut surfaces into long cut surfaces with the angle of 2-4cm, cutting the long cut surfaces to cambium or slightly xylem, and cutting the branches into the scions from the positions about 1cm above the axillary buds (as shown in figure 1).
(2) Treating the rootstock: selecting a healthy and healthy 3-year-old Feizixiao litchi seedling with no plant diseases and insect pests and smooth and complete bark (phloem) as a stock, sawing a stock branch (strip) along the horizontal direction by using a sharp saw to about one fifth of the cross section of the branch, reserving a small part of xylem, tearing the cut branch tip and the phloem downwards to a position which is about 5-8cm away from the section of the stock, calling the branch tip torn downwards as an inverted stock (shown in figure 2), and grafting the branch at the opposite position of the stock tearing opening.
(3) Grafting: the method comprises the steps of flattening the section of a stock, cutting a cambium of the opposite position of a tearing opening of the stock for 2-4cm, aligning and inserting the long cutting surface of a scion inwards with the cambium of the stock (as shown in figure 3), binding and fixing the scion and the stock by using a plastic film (preservative film), and totally enclosing and wrapping the scion and the stock from bottom to top, wherein the axillary bud part is only wrapped by a single-layer plastic film, so that the scion and the stock can be conveniently germinated and tretched (as shown in figure 4).
(4) And (3) post-grafting treatment: spraying carbendazim and beta-cypermethrin (used according to the concentration of the specification) on the tearing opening part of the stock in a smearing mode, killing pests and diseases such as ants and the like, and cutting off the 'stock falling' part after new leaves grow out of the scion to finish grafting.
In this example, 27 strains and 48 scions were grafted together, and 48 scions survived with a survival rate of 100% (fig. 5).
Embodiment 2 reverse stock grafting method for litchi tree
In 11 days 4 and 2021, in a Xinzhai litchi orchard of Longguvillage Commission, Yupingzhen, autonomous county of Pingbu Miao ethnic county, Yunnan province, 6-year-old 'prunus fulvus' litchi seedlings are taken as stocks, and 'Feizixiao' litchi is selected as a scion to carry out grafting test, wherein the specific grafting method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing scions: selecting annual or two-year-old branches with strong growth, plump axillary buds and no diseases and insect pests at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown of the Feizixiao litchi adult litchi tree as scions, removing leaves and top young tips of the branches, only leaving short leaf stalks to protect the axillary buds, cutting the lower parts of the axillary buds of the branches into short cut surfaces with an angle of about 45 degrees, cutting the reverse surfaces (opposite surfaces) of the short cut surfaces into long cut surfaces with the angle of 2-4cm, cutting the long cut surfaces to cambiums or slightly xylem, and cutting the branches into the scions from the positions about 1cm above the axillary buds.
(2) Treating the rootstock: selecting 6-year-old 'brown litchi' litchi seedlings which are strong, have no plant diseases and insect pests and have smooth and complete bark (phloem) as stocks. Sawing the stock branch (strip) by a sharp saw along the horizontal direction, sawing to about one fifth of the cross section of the branch, reserving a small part of xylem, tearing the cut branch tip and phloem downwards to a position about 5-8cm away from the section of the stock, and grafting the branch tip which is torn downwards at the opposite position of the tearing opening of the stock, namely called 'reverse stock'.
(3) Grafting: the method comprises the steps of flattening the section of a stock, cutting down 2-4cm of a cambium at the opposite part of a tearing opening of the stock, aligning and tightly inserting the inward long cutting surface of a scion and the cambium of the stock, binding and fixing the scion and the stock by using a plastic film (preservative film), wrapping the scion and the stock in a totally-closed mode from bottom to top, and wrapping the axillary bud part only by using a single-layer plastic film, so that the scion and the stock can be conveniently germinated and taken out.
(4) And (3) post-grafting treatment: spraying carbendazim and beta-cypermethrin (used according to the concentration of the specification) on the tearing opening part of the stock in a smearing mode, killing pests and diseases such as ants and the like, and shearing off the inverted stock part after new leaves grow out of the scion to finish grafting. .
In the embodiment, 97 litchi trees are grafted, and the total number of the scions is 301, so that 297 scions survive and the survival rate is 98.7% (fig. 6).
Embodiment 3 reverse stock grafting method for litchi tree
In a test base of Yupingzhen Xiaojiuzu of autonomous county of Pink Yangmu of Pink Miao nationality in Yunnan province, 7 and 15 days in 2020, a grafting test is carried out by taking 3-year-old 'Huaishan' litchi seedlings as rootstocks and 'Fengshan red lantern' litchi as scions, and the specific grafting method is as follows:
(1) preparing scions: selecting annual or two-year-old branch strips which are strong in growth, full in axillary buds and free of diseases and insect pests at the middle upper part of the periphery of a crown of an adult litchi tree of the Fengshan red lantern as scions, removing leaves and top young tips of the branches, only leaving short leaf stalks to protect the axillary buds, cutting the lower parts of the axillary buds of the branches into short cut surfaces with an angle of about 45 degrees, cutting the reverse surfaces (opposite surfaces) of the short cut surfaces into long cut surfaces of 2-4cm, cutting the long cut surfaces to cambiums or slightly xylem, and cutting the branches into the scions from the positions about 1cm above the axillary buds.
(2) Treating the rootstock: selecting a healthy and strong 3-year-old 'Huai-Zhi' litchi seedling which is free from diseases and insect pests and smooth and complete in bark (phloem) as a stock, sawing a stock branch (strip) along the horizontal direction by using a sharp saw to about one fifth of the cross section of the branch, reserving a small part of xylem, tearing the cut branch tip and the phloem downwards to a position which is 5-8cm away from the section of the stock, calling the branch tip torn downwards as 'inverted stock', and grafting the branch tip at the opposite position of the stock tearing opening.
(3) Grafting: the method comprises the steps of flattening the section of a stock, cutting down 2-4cm of a cambium at the opposite part of a tearing opening of the stock, aligning and tightly inserting the inward long cutting surface of a scion and the cambium of the stock, binding and fixing the scion and the stock by using a plastic film (preservative film), wrapping the scion and the stock in a totally-closed mode from bottom to top, and wrapping the axillary bud part only by using a single-layer plastic film, so that the scion and the stock can be conveniently germinated and taken out.
(4) And (3) post-grafting treatment: spraying carbendazim and beta-cypermethrin (used according to the concentration of the specification) on the tearing opening part of the stock in a smearing mode, killing pests and diseases such as ants and the like, and shearing off the inverted stock part after new leaves grow out of the scion to finish grafting.
In the present example, 54 litchi trees were grafted, and the total number of the scions was 54, 49 scions survived, and the survival rate was 91.5% (fig. 7).
The embodiment of the invention selects the litchi cultivation area with clear dry season and rainy season in the autonomous county of the Zhanqiang Miao nationality in Yunnan province as the main base for technical implementation. The results of examples 1 to 3 show that a very high grafting survival rate was achieved both in rainy season where grafting difficulty was high and in dry season where rain was scarce. Therefore, the method for grafting by adopting the inverted anvil can solve the problem that the scion is necrotic due to the ponding of the grafting opening in the grafting process of the litchi, thereby improving the survival rate of grafting the litchi in rainy seasons.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The inverted stock grafting method of the litchi tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing scions: selecting an adult litchi branch as a scion, removing leaves and top tender tips of the branch, only leaving a short petiole to protect axillary buds, cutting the lower part of the axillary buds of the branch into short cut surfaces, cutting the reverse side of the short cut surfaces into long cut surfaces, and then cutting the branch into the scion from the upper part of the axillary buds;
s2, stock treatment: selecting a strong litchi seedling without diseases and insect pests and with smooth and complete bark as a stock, breaking a branch of the stock along the horizontal direction to be close to the edge of the cross section of the branch, reserving a part of xylem, and tearing off the broken branch tip and the phloem downwards for a certain distance to form an inverted stock;
s3, grafting: cutting a distance under the cambium of the opposite part of the tearing opening of the stock, aligning and tightly inserting the long cutting surface of the scion inwards with the cambium of the stock, and then totally and tightly wrapping the scion and the stock by using a film from bottom to top;
s4, post-grafting treatment: and (4) applying a medicament on the tearing opening part of the stock, and cutting off the inverted stock after the scion grows new leaves to finish grafting.
2. The inverted stock grafting method of the litchi tree according to claim 1, wherein the litchi variety selected by the scion includes but is not limited to ' science and technology number one ', ' Feizixiao ', and Fengshan red lantern '; the litchi variety selected by the rootstock comprises but is not limited to 'Feizixiao', 'Brown hairli' and 'Huai Zhi'.
3. The inverted stock grafting method of the litchi tree according to claim 1, wherein the scion is selected from one-year or two-year-old litchi chinensis trees which are strong in growing at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown of the litchi tree, full in axillary buds and free of diseases and insect pests; and selecting 3-6-year-old litchi trees as the stocks.
4. The inverted-anvil grafting method for litchi trees according to claim 1, wherein the short cutting surface is a short cutting surface with an angle of 40-50 degrees, and the long cutting surface is 2-4cm long and is cut to a cambium or a slightly xylem.
5. The inverted-stock grafting method for litchi trees according to claim 1, wherein the branches are cut off from 0.8-1.5cm above the axillary buds to form scions.
6. The inverted stock grafting method of the litchi tree according to claim 1, wherein in the inverted stock forming process, the branch of the stock is horizontally cut off to a fifth of the cross section of the branch and is further cut off to a position 5-8cm away from the cross section of the stock.
7. The inverted-stock grafting method for litchi trees according to claim 1, wherein 2-4cm of cambium is cut under the position opposite to the tearing opening of the stock.
8. The inverted stock grafting method for litchi trees according to claim 1, wherein when the scion and the stock are totally wrapped, the axillary buds are only wrapped with a single-layer film, so that sprouting and treetop can be facilitated.
9. The inverted-anvil grafting method for litchi trees according to claim 1, wherein the grafting time includes but is not limited to 3 months, 4 months and 7 months.
10. The application of the inverted-stock grafting method for litchi trees in grafting and seedling raising of litchi trees as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the application is to improve the survival rate of grafting of the litchi trees in rainy seasons.
CN202110598897.2A 2021-05-31 2021-05-31 Grafting method for improving grafting survival rate of litchi trees in rainy season and application of grafting method Pending CN113348889A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103621321A (en) * 2013-12-06 2014-03-12 黄宗威 Litchi grafting method
CN104322290A (en) * 2014-10-29 2015-02-04 陆川县大鹏现代农业发展有限公司 Litchi tree grafting method

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103621321A (en) * 2013-12-06 2014-03-12 黄宗威 Litchi grafting method
CN104322290A (en) * 2014-10-29 2015-02-04 陆川县大鹏现代农业发展有限公司 Litchi tree grafting method

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
华南农学院果树教研组编: "《果树育苗技术》", 30 April 1979, 广东科技出版社 *
黄良云: "《荔枝嫁接育苗技术》", 《现代农业科技》 *

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