CN113293618A - 一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113293618A
CN113293618A CN202011572393.5A CN202011572393A CN113293618A CN 113293618 A CN113293618 A CN 113293618A CN 202011572393 A CN202011572393 A CN 202011572393A CN 113293618 A CN113293618 A CN 113293618A
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陈明贤
孙立新
董洪波
谢国炎
葛烨楠
李伟
罗远涛
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Zhejiang Dongjin New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法,在阻燃防水整理剂中引入硅、磷等具有阻燃功能的物质,具体来说是先在聚硅氧烷链段中引入含磷单体,然后采用细乳液聚合法形成乳液,提高各组分相容性和协调性,解决各功能性组分在体系中分散不均匀、难以一次性对面料整理的问题,从而避免防水、阻燃性能之间的互斥,实现防水和阻燃功能一浴法整理的较好效果。

Description

一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织品用功能助剂领域,具体涉及一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高,消费者更加注重纺织品的功能性,故防水透湿涂层织物得到快速发展,如常见的抗静电、防水、透湿、防污、抗皱、抗起球\阻燃、防紫外线、抗菌消臭与防臭等,这些具有特殊功能的纺织品有的仅具有单一功能,也有的具有叠加的几种功能,使其成为多功能或复合功能纺织品。
面料的阻燃、防水通常通过多次整理实现,面料进行阻燃防水复合多功能整理时,阻燃整理是亲水性整理,而防水整理是疏水性整理,因此织物阻燃整理和防水整理有互斥性。若采用一浴法整理,防水剂与阻燃剂难以很好兼容均匀分散;若采用二浴法整理则整理剂的耐洗效果差。因此,需要一种性能协调的阻燃、防水整理剂,以实现面料良好的阻燃、防水性能。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明目的是提供一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法,在阻燃防水整理剂中引入硅、磷等具有阻燃功能的物质,具体来说是先在聚硅氧烷链段中引入含磷单体,然后采用细乳液聚合法形成乳液,提高各组分相容性和协调性,解决各功能性组分在体系中分散不均匀、难以一次性对面料整理的问题,从而避免防水、阻燃性能之间的互斥,实现防水和阻燃功能一浴法整理的较好效果。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
称取乳化剂6-12g及去离子水320-370g加入乳化釜中搅拌、溶解成乳化剂水溶液;
取丙烯酸酯单体62-85g、含磷聚硅氧烷20-33g搅拌混合形成单体混合液;
将单体混合液加入乳化釜中搅拌预乳化30min,超声处理20min,得预乳化液;0.8-1.2g引发剂溶于30g水形成引发剂水溶液;
在装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计以及恒压滴液漏斗的四口反应器中倒入三分之一体积的预乳化液,搅拌并升温至76℃,加入10g引发剂水溶液,待反应釜中的乳液呈蓝光且反应温度稳定后,保温反应0.5h;升温至82℃,滴加剩余三分之二体积的预乳化液和剩余的引发剂水溶液,滴完后继续保温反应2h;反应结束后,自然冷却至40℃,用氨水调节pH值至6-8,即得阻燃防水整理剂。
所述含磷聚硅氧烷,制备方法为:
(1)酸开环制备端氨基聚硅氧烷
在装有温度计、搅拌器的干燥四口烧瓶中,加入1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷,边搅拌边升温至反应温度,并加入一定量的三氟甲基磺酸,保温反应一定时间;反应结束后加入无水Na2CO3搅拌中和至pH为6-7,过滤并将产物进行减压蒸馏,脱除未反应单体,得无色透明的液体产物,为端氨基乙烯基聚硅氧烷;
(2)含磷聚硅氧烷
在装有温度计、搅拌器、冷凝回流装置的四口反应器中,加入9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、二乙二醇二甲醚,加热至80℃,待DOPO完全溶解后,将端氨基乙烯基聚硅氧烷用恒压滴液漏斗约1h将其逐滴加入到反应器中,然后保持80℃反应24h,颜色逐渐由无色变为淡黄色,得到含磷聚硅氧烷,体系呈澄清透明的均匀溶液。
所述的乳化剂,由质量比为3:2的阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成。
所述的阴离子表面活性剂为烯丙氧基壬基酚丙醇聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵。
所述的非离子表面活性剂为聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10。
所述的丙烯酸酯单体,包括丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
所述的引发剂为过硫酸钾。
本发明有益效果:
面料在进行阻燃防水复合功能整理时,阻燃整理是亲水性整理,而防水整理是疏水性整理,因此织物阻燃整理和拒水整理相互影响。采用一浴法整理时,阻燃剂与防水剂易凝聚成团;采用二浴法时,当先进行防水整理时,它会降低纤维的表面能,使阻燃剂难以整理到织物上;当先进行阻燃整理时,增加了纤维的亲水性,使后续防水剂难以吸附在纤维表面,因此前者的整理会对后者造成影响,使其效果不佳。此外,整理剂与织物的结合不牢固,影响阻燃、防水效果的耐久性。
本发明方法制备了含磷聚硅氧烷,通过乳液聚合法将含磷聚硅氧烷、丙烯酸酯等聚合,使阻燃、防水功能融合在一起,形成阻燃与防水性能优良的聚硅氧烷改性聚丙烯酸酯阻燃防水功能整理剂,并采用一浴法的整理工艺,赋予面料阻燃防水性能。
具有优异耐高低温性能、耐水性和平滑性的聚有机硅氧烷对丙烯酸酯的改性,改善了丙烯酸酯聚合物的耐候性、耐污性、胶膜弹性,应用于面料表面后,可赋予面料良好的弹性、透气性,提高面料的强度。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明公开了一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法,先在聚硅氧烷链段中引入含磷单体,然后采用细乳液聚合法将含磷聚硅氧烷与丙烯酸酯生成乳液。
含磷聚硅氧烷的制备方法:
(1)酸开环制备端氨基聚硅氧烷
在装有温度计、搅拌器的干燥四口烧瓶中,加入摩尔比为1:30:2的1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷,边搅拌边升温至反应温度,并加入一定量的三氟甲基磺酸,保温反应一定时间;反应结束后加入无水Na2CO3搅拌中和至pH为6-7,过滤并将产物进行减压蒸馏(90℃,真空度-0.1Mpa以下),脱除未反应单体,得无色透明的液体产物,为端氨基乙烯基聚硅氧烷。转化率92%,Mn(g/mol):9816,C=C键含量0.815mmol/g;反应过程如反应式1所示。
Figure BDA0002863123820000041
(2)含磷聚硅氧烷
在装有温度计、搅拌器、冷凝回流装置的四口反应器中,加入17.28g(0.08mol)9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、70mL二乙二醇二甲醚,加热至80℃,待DOPO完全溶解后,将0.01mol端氨基乙烯基聚硅氧烷用恒压滴液漏斗约1h将其逐滴加入到反应器中,然后保持80℃反应24h,颜色逐渐由无色变为淡黄色,得到含磷聚硅氧烷,体系呈澄清透明的均匀溶液。
反应过程如反应式2所示。
Figure BDA0002863123820000051
实施例1
一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法
称取乳化剂聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)2.4g、烯丙氧基壬基酚丙醇聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86)3.6g及去离子水320g加入乳化釜中搅拌、溶解成乳化剂水溶液;
取丙烯酸丁酯(BA)30g、甲基丙烯酸甲酯17g、丙烯酸乙酯8g、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)7g、含磷聚硅氧烷20g搅拌混合形成单体混合液;
将单体混合液加入乳化釜中搅拌预乳化30min,超声处理20min,得预乳化液;0.8g引发剂过硫酸钾溶于35g水形成引发剂水溶液;
在装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计以及恒压滴液漏斗的四口反应器中倒入三分之一体积的预乳化液,搅拌并升温至76℃,加入10g引发剂水溶液,待反应釜中的乳液呈蓝光且反应温度稳定后,保温反应0.5h;升温至82℃,滴加剩余三分之二体积的预乳化液和剩余的引发剂水溶液,滴完后继续保温反应2h;反应结束后,自然冷却至40℃,用氨水调节pH值至6-8,即得阻燃防水整理剂。
实施例2
一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法
称取乳化剂聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)3.2g、烯丙氧基壬基酚丙醇聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86)4.8g及去离子水340g加入乳化釜中搅拌、溶解成乳化剂水溶液;
取丙烯酸丁酯(BA)34g、甲基丙烯酸甲酯20g、丙烯酸乙酯13g、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)8g、含磷聚硅氧烷27g搅拌混合形成单体混合液;
将单体混合液加入乳化釜中搅拌预乳化30min,超声处理20min,得预乳化液;1g引发剂过硫酸钾溶于35g水形成引发剂水溶液;
在装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计以及恒压滴液漏斗的四口反应器中倒入三分之一体积的预乳化液,搅拌并升温至76℃,加入10g引发剂水溶液,待反应釜中的乳液呈蓝光且反应温度稳定后,保温反应0.5h;升温至82℃,滴加剩余三分之二体积的预乳化液和剩余的引发剂水溶液,滴完后继续保温反应2h;反应结束后,自然冷却至40℃,用氨水调节pH值至6-8,即得阻燃防水整理剂。
实施例3
一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法
称取乳化剂聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)4.8g、烯丙氧基壬基酚丙醇聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86)7.2g及去离子水320g加入乳化釜中搅拌、溶解成乳化剂水溶液;
取丙烯酸丁酯(BA)35g、甲基丙烯酸甲酯24g、丙烯酸乙酯16g、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)10g、含磷聚硅氧烷33g搅拌混合形成单体混合液;
将单体混合液加入乳化釜中搅拌预乳化30min,超声处理20min,得预乳化液;1.2g引发剂过硫酸钾溶于35g水形成引发剂水溶液;
在装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计以及恒压滴液漏斗的四口反应器中倒入三分之一体积的预乳化液,搅拌并升温至76℃,加入10g引发剂水溶液,待反应釜中的乳液呈蓝光且反应温度稳定后,保温反应0.5h;升温至82℃,滴加剩余三分之二体积的预乳化液和剩余的引发剂水溶液,滴完后继续保温反应2h;反应结束后,自然冷却至40℃,用氨水调节pH值至6-8,即得阻燃防水整理剂。
应用例
实施例1-3阻燃防水整理剂分别与水配置成溶液,对面料进行整理,并测试其阻燃、防水等性能。
步骤1按工艺处方配置阻燃防水整理液;
工艺处方:
阻燃防水功能整理液 320g/L
pH值 5-8
浴比 1:20
步骤2将面料浸渍于阻燃防水功能整理液中,二浸二轧,轧余率80%;
步骤3 90℃、预烘4min,170℃、焙烘2min;
处方中,阻燃防水整理液由分别由实施例1-3阻燃防水整理剂与水组成,以酸或碱调节整理液的pH值。
面料:40D尼龙全消光四面弹,86%尼龙/14%氨纶。
功能整理后,面料相关性能测试结果如下:
表1阻燃防水整理剂应用效果
Figure BDA0002863123820000081
实施例4
一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法
称取乳化剂聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)4.8g、烯丙氧基壬基酚丙醇聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86)7.2g及去离子水320g加入乳化釜中搅拌、溶解成乳化剂水溶液;
取丙烯酸丁酯(BA)35g、甲基丙烯酸甲酯24g、丙烯酸乙酯16g、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)10g、含磷聚硅氧烷33g搅拌混合形成单体混合液;
将单体混合液加入乳化釜中搅拌预乳化30min,超声处理20min,得预乳化液;1.2g引发剂过硫酸钾溶于35g水形成引发剂水溶液;
在装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计以及恒压滴液漏斗的四口反应器中倒入三分之一体积的预乳化液,搅拌并升温至76℃,加入10g引发剂水溶液,待反应釜中的乳液呈蓝光且反应温度稳定后,保温反应0.5h;升温至82℃,滴加剩余三分之二体积的预乳化液和剩余的引发剂水溶液,滴完后继续保温反应2h;反应结束后,自然冷却至40℃,用氨水调节pH值至6-8;加入20g改性纳米二氧化硅,搅拌0.5h,即得阻燃防水整理剂。
其中,所述的改性纳米二氧化硅制备方法为:将20g纳米二氧化硅加入三口容器中,混入体积比为1:1无水乙醇和超纯水的均匀混合液160mL,超声分散1h;60℃水浴,在搅拌状态下缓慢滴入2gγ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560),恒温搅拌24h,将产物注入离心管中,置于离心机中高速离心分离,抽滤得到改性后的纳米二氧化硅。
将制得的阻燃防水整理剂用于面料的阻燃防水功能整理。
步骤1按工艺处方配置阻燃防水整理液;
工艺处方:
阻燃防水功能整理液 390g/L
pH值 5-8
浴比 1:20
步骤2将面料浸渍于阻燃防水整理液中,二浸二轧,轧余率80%;
步骤3 90℃、预烘4min,170℃、焙烘2min;
步骤4复膜:先将面料、聚氨酯薄膜涂覆胶点,平整地叠加在一起,再移至压烫机中,然后设定热压温度105℃和热压时间30s,待温度达到后,进行压烫,完成热压复膜,制成阻燃防水复合面料。胶为聚氨酯热熔胶,市售;膜为TPU膜,市售,厚度0.03mm。
处方中,阻燃防水整理液由阻燃防水整理剂与水组成,以酸或碱调节整理液的pH值。阻燃防水整理剂由实施例1方法制备。
面料:40D尼龙全消光四面弹,86%尼龙/14%氨纶。
功能整理后,面料相关性能测试结果如下:
(1)续燃时间0s,阴燃时间0s,损毁长度68mm(GB/T 5455-2014);
(2)防泼水性能:洗前5级,3次洗后5级(ISO 4920-2012);
(3)耐静水压12500mmH2O(JIS L 1092-1998)。

Claims (6)

1.一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
称取乳化剂6-12g及去离子水320-370g加入乳化釜中搅拌、溶解成乳化剂水溶液;
取丙烯酸酯单体62-85g、含磷聚硅氧烷20-33g搅拌混合形成单体混合液;
将单体混合液加入乳化釜中搅拌预乳化30min,超声处理20min,得预乳化液;0.8-1.2g引发剂溶于30g水形成引发剂水溶液;
在装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计以及恒压滴液漏斗的四口反应器中倒入三分之一体积的预乳化液,搅拌并升温至76℃,加入10g引发剂水溶液,待反应釜中的乳液呈蓝光且反应温度稳定后,保温反应0.5h;升温至82℃,滴加剩余三分之二体积的预乳化液和剩余的引发剂水溶液,滴完后继续保温反应2h;反应结束后,自然冷却至40℃,用氨水调节pH值至6-8,即得阻燃防水整理剂;
所述含磷聚硅氧烷,制备方法为:
(1)酸开环制备端氨基聚硅氧烷
在装有温度计、搅拌器的干燥四口烧瓶中,加入1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷,边搅拌边升温至反应温度,并加入一定量的三氟甲基磺酸,保温反应一定时间;反应结束后加入无水Na2CO3搅拌中和至pH为6-7,过滤并将产物进行减压蒸馏,脱除未反应单体,得无色透明的液体产物,为端氨基乙烯基聚硅氧烷;
(2)含磷聚硅氧烷
在装有温度计、搅拌器、冷凝回流装置的四口反应器中,加入9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、二乙二醇二甲醚,加热至80℃,待DOPO完全溶解后,将端氨基乙烯基聚硅氧烷用恒压滴液漏斗约1h将其逐滴加入到反应器中,然后保持80℃反应24h,颜色逐渐由无色变为淡黄色,得到含磷聚硅氧烷,体系呈澄清透明的均匀溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的乳化剂,由质量比为3:2的阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的阴离子表面活性剂为烯丙氧基壬基酚丙醇聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的非离子表面活性剂为聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的丙烯酸酯单体,包括丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃防水整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的引发剂为过硫酸钾。
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