CN113291039B - 一种阻燃防水透湿复合面料的加工方法 - Google Patents

一种阻燃防水透湿复合面料的加工方法 Download PDF

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CN113291039B
CN113291039B CN202011572388.4A CN202011572388A CN113291039B CN 113291039 B CN113291039 B CN 113291039B CN 202011572388 A CN202011572388 A CN 202011572388A CN 113291039 B CN113291039 B CN 113291039B
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陈明贤
孙立新
董洪波
谢国炎
金世豪
王炯
赵晨阳
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Zhejiang Dongjin New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种阻燃防水透湿复合面料的加工方法，步骤1按工艺处方配置阻燃防水功能整理液；步骤2将面料浸渍于阻燃防水功能整理液中，轧液；步骤3预烘、焙烘；步骤4将面料、阻燃薄膜涂覆胶点，平整地叠加在一起，再移至压烫机中，然后设定热压时间和热压温度，待温度达到后，进行压烫，完成热压复膜，制成阻燃防水透湿复合面料。阻燃防水功能整理液由阻燃防水功能整理剂与水组成。面料复合阻燃薄膜，与阻燃防水功能整理剂起到阻燃增效作用，同时赋予了复合面料优良的透湿、耐静水压功能。

Description

一种阻燃防水透湿复合面料的加工方法
技术领域
本发明属于功能纺织品面料领域，具体涉及一种阻燃防水透湿复合面料的加工方法。
背景技术
防水透湿织物是集防水、透湿和防风性能于一体的织物，在做成服装后，一定压力或一定动能的水、雪和露等不能透过或浸透织物，而人体散发的汗液则能以水蒸汽的形式传递出去，从而使人体感觉舒适。这类织物不仅能满足恶劣环境中人们的穿着需要，又能保持服装与人体微环境的舒适性，具有广阔的发展前景。
常用的防水透湿服装包括高密、涂层和层压织物三类。高密度织物采用细棉纤维或细合成纤维长丝织成，这类织物纱线间隙小到不允许水滴通过。通常是高织物密度结合高收缩工艺及纤维超细化处理，然后再经过拒水整理剂处理，这样织物表面就具有了类似荷叶表面的疏水结构。但是高密织物因其孔隙大而防水性差。涂层织物是采用各种工艺技术，将具有防水、透湿功能的涂层剂涂覆在织物的表面上，使织物表面孔隙被涂层剂封闭或减小到一定程度，从而得到防水性。由于涂层剂封闭了织物间孔隙，涂层织物的透湿性往往不尽如人意。而作为目前主流产品的层压织物，与前两者相比不仅性能优异，且在工艺技术上也具有选材范围广、设计灵活和污染少等优点，在市场上备受青睐。层压织物的核心部分为防水透湿膜，目前市售的防水透湿功能膜主要为聚四氟乙烯疏水微孔膜和聚氨酯亲水无孔膜。这些膜虽然具有优异的防水透湿性能，但是无法满足行业服装对于阻燃功能的要求。
面料进行阻燃防水复合多功能整理时，阻燃整理是亲水性整理，而防水整理是疏水性整理，因此织物阻燃整理和防水整理有互斥性。若采用一浴法整理，防水剂与阻燃剂难以很好兼容均匀分散；若采用二浴法整理则整理剂的耐洗效果差。
发明内容
为解决上述问题，本发明目的是提供一种阻燃防水透湿复合面料的加工方法，先以具有阻燃防水功能的整理剂采用浸轧法对面料进行整理，实现面料的阻燃防水功能，再与阻燃薄膜复合，形成复合面料。阻燃防水功能整理剂同时引入了硅、磷等具有阻燃功能的物质，具体来说是先在聚硅氧烷链段中引入含硼单体，然后采用细乳液聚合法形成乳液，提高各组分相容性和协调性，解决各功能性组分在体系中分散不均匀、难以一次性对面料整理的问题，从而避免防水、阻燃性能之间的互斥，实现防水和阻燃功能一浴法整理的较好效果。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种阻燃防水透湿复合面料的加工方法，步骤如下：
步骤1按工艺处方配置阻燃防水功能整理液；
步骤2将面料浸渍于阻燃防水功能整理液中，轧液；
步骤3预烘、焙烘；
步骤4将面料、阻燃薄膜涂覆胶点，平整地叠加在一起，再移至压烫机中，然后设定热压时间和热压温度，待温度达到后，进行压烫，完成热压复膜，制成阻燃防水透湿复合面料。
所述的阻燃防水功能整理液由阻燃防水功能整理剂与水组成。
所述的阻燃防水功能整理剂制备方法如下：
称取乳化剂SDS 2.6g、OP-10 1.7g、DNS-86 1.7g及去离子水335g加入乳化釜中搅拌、溶解成乳化剂水溶液；
取BA 90g、MMA 15g、St 21g、AA 4g、HD 6.65g、含磷聚硅氧烷33g搅拌混合形成单体混合液；
将单体混合液加入乳化釜中搅拌预乳化30min，超声处理20min，得预乳化液；1.2g引发剂溶于35g水形成引发剂水溶液；
在装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计以及恒压滴液漏斗的四口反应器中倒入三分之一体积的预乳化液，搅拌并升温至76℃，加入12g引发剂水溶液，待反应釜中的乳液呈蓝光且反应温度稳定后，保温反应0.5h；升温至82℃，滴加剩余三分之二体积的预乳化液和剩余的引发剂水溶液，滴完后继续保温反应2h；反应结束后，自然冷却至40℃，用氨水调节pH值至6-8，即得阻燃防水功能整理剂。
本发明有益效果：
在阻燃防水复合功能整理时，阻燃整理是亲水性整理，而防水整理是疏水性整理，因此织物阻燃整理和拒水整理相互影响。采用一浴法整理时，阻燃剂与防水剂易凝聚成团；采用二浴法时，当先进行防水整理时，它会降低纤维的表面能，使阻燃剂难以整理到织物上；当先进行阻燃整理时，增加了纤维的亲水性，使后续防水剂难以吸附在纤维表面，因此前者的整理会对后者造成影响，使其效果不佳。并且，整理剂与织物的结合不牢固，影响阻燃、防水效果的耐久性。
本发明制备了新型高效的含磷聚硅氧烷，通过乳液聚合法将磷与聚硅氧烷、丙烯酸酯等聚合，使阻燃、防水功能融合在一起，形成阻燃与防水性能优良的聚硅氧烷改性聚丙烯酸酯阻燃防水功能整理剂，并采用一浴法的整理工艺，赋予面料阻燃防水性能。
具有优异耐高低温性能、耐水性和平滑性的聚有机硅氧烷对丙烯酸酯的改性，改善了丙烯酸酯聚合物的耐候性、耐污性、胶膜弹性，应用于面料表面后，可赋予面料良好的弹性、透气性，提高面料的强度。
面料复合阻燃薄膜，与阻燃防水功能整理剂起到阻燃增效作用，同时赋予了复合面料优良的透湿、耐静水压功能。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
阻燃防水功能整理剂制备方法
称取乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)2.6g、聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10(OP-10)1.7g、烯丙氧基壬基酚丙醇聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86)1.7g及去离子水335g加入乳化釜中搅拌、溶解成乳化剂水溶液；
取丙烯酸丁酯(BA)90g、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)15g、苯乙烯(St)21g、丙烯酸(AA)4g、正十六烷(HD)6.65g、含磷聚硅氧烷33g搅拌混合形成单体混合液；
将单体混合液加入乳化釜中搅拌预乳化30min，超声处理20min，得预乳化液；1.2g引发剂过硫酸钾溶于35g水形成引发剂水溶液；
在装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计以及恒压滴液漏斗的四口反应器中倒入三分之一体积的预乳化液，搅拌并升温至76℃，加入12g引发剂水溶液，待反应釜中的乳液呈蓝光且反应温度稳定后，保温反应0.5h；升温至82℃，滴加剩余三分之二体积的预乳化液和剩余的引发剂水溶液，滴完后继续保温反应2h；反应结束后，自然冷却至40℃，用氨水调节pH值至6-8，即得阻燃防水功能整理剂。
其中，所述含磷聚硅氧烷的制备方法为：
(1)、酸开环制备端氨基聚硅氧烷
在装有温度计、搅拌器的干燥四口烧瓶中，加入摩尔比为1:40:2的1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷，边搅拌边升温至反应温度，并加入一定量的三氟甲基磺酸，保温反应一定时间；反应结束后加入无水Na2CO3搅拌中和至pH为6-7，过滤并将产物进行减压蒸馏(90℃，真空度-0.1Mpa以下)，脱除未反应单体，得无色透明的液体产物，为端氨基乙烯基聚硅氧烷。转化率91.5％，Mn(g/mol)：12776，C＝C键含量0.626mmol/g；反应过程如反应式1所示。
Figure BDA0002863124630000051
(2)、含磷聚硅氧烷
在装有温度计、搅拌器、冷凝回流装置的四口反应器中，加入17.28g(0.08mol)9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、70mL二乙二醇二甲醚，加热至80℃，待DOPO完全溶解后，将0.01mol端氨基乙烯基聚硅氧烷用恒压滴液漏斗约1h将其逐滴加入到反应器中，然后保持80℃反应24h，颜色逐渐由无色变为淡黄色，得到含磷聚硅氧烷，体系呈澄清透明的均匀溶液。
反应过程如反应式2所示。
Figure BDA0002863124630000061
实施例2
一种阻燃防水透湿复合面料的制备方法，步骤如下：
步骤1按工艺处方配置阻燃防水功能整理液；
工艺处方：
阻燃防水功能整理液 360g/L
pH值 5-8
浴比 1:20
步骤2将面料浸渍于阻燃防水功能整理液中，二浸二轧，轧余率80％；
步骤3 90℃、预烘4min，170℃、焙烘2min；
步骤4复膜：先将面料、阻燃薄膜涂覆胶点，平整地叠加在一起，再移至压烫机中，然后设定热压温度105℃和热压时间30s，待温度达到后，进行压烫，完成热压复膜，制成所述的阻燃防水透湿复合面料。
胶为聚氨酯热熔胶，市售，施胶量为20-30g/m2；阻燃薄膜，市售，厚度30μm。
处方中，阻燃防水功能整理液由阻燃防水功能整理剂与水组成，以酸或碱调节整理液的pH值。阻燃防水功能整理剂由实施例1方法制备。
面料：50D平纹四面弹，90％涤纶/10％氨纶。
功能整理后面料相关性能测试结果如下：
(1)续燃时间0s，阴燃时间0s，损毁长度83mm(GB/T 5455-2014)；
(2)防泼水性能：洗前5级，3次洗后4级(ISO 4920-2012)；
(3)耐静水压13800mmH2O(JIS L 1092-1998)。

Claims (3)

1.一种阻燃防水透湿复合面料的加工方法，步骤如下：
步骤1按工艺处方配置阻燃防水功能整理液；
步骤2将面料浸渍于阻燃防水功能整理液中，轧液；
步骤3预烘、焙烘；
步骤4将面料、阻燃薄膜涂覆胶点，平整地叠加在一起，再移至压烫机中，然后设定热压时间和热压温度，待温度达到后，进行压烫，完成热压复膜，制成阻燃防水透湿复合面料；
所述的阻燃防水功能整理液由阻燃防水功能整理剂与水组成；
所述的阻燃防水功能整理剂制备方法如下：
称取乳化剂SDS 2.6g、OP-10 1.7g、DNS-86 1.7g及去离子水335g加入乳化釜中搅拌、溶解成乳化剂水溶液；
取BA 90g、MMA 15g、St 21g、AA 4g、HD 6.65g、含磷聚硅氧烷33g搅拌混合形成单体混合液；
将单体混合液加入乳化釜中搅拌预乳化30min，超声处理20min，得预乳化液；1.2g引发剂溶于35g水形成引发剂水溶液；
在装有搅拌器、冷凝管、温度计以及恒压滴液漏斗的四口反应器中倒入三分之一体积的预乳化液，搅拌并升温至76℃，加入12g引发剂水溶液，待反应釜中的乳液呈蓝光且反应温度稳定后，保温反应0.5h；升温至82℃，滴加剩余三分之二体积的预乳化液和剩余的引发剂水溶液，滴完后继续保温反应2h；反应结束后，自然冷却至40℃，用氨水调节pH值至6-8，即得阻燃防水功能整理剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃防水透湿复合面料的加工方法，其特征在于：步骤1所述的工艺处方为阻燃防水功能整理液360g/L、pH值5-8、浴比1:20。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃防水透湿复合面料的加工方法，其特征在于：所述含磷聚硅氧烷的制备方法为：
(1)、酸开环制备端氨基聚硅氧烷
在装有温度计、搅拌器的干燥四口烧瓶中，加入摩尔比为1:40:2的1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷、八甲基环四硅氧烷、四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷，边搅拌边升温至反应温度，并加入一定量的三氟甲基磺酸，保温反应一定时间；反应结束后加入无水Na2CO3搅拌中和至pH为6-7，过滤并将产物于90℃、真空度-0.1Mpa以下进行减压蒸馏，脱除未反应单体，得无色透明的液体产物，为端氨基乙烯基聚硅氧烷；转化率91.5％，Mn(g/mol)：12776，C＝C键含量0.626mmol/g；
(2)、含磷聚硅氧烷
在装有温度计、搅拌器、冷凝回流装置的四口反应器中，加入17.28g 9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、70mL二乙二醇二甲醚，加热至80℃，待DOPO完全溶解后，将0.01mol端氨基乙烯基聚硅氧烷用恒压滴液漏斗约1h将其逐滴加入到反应器中，然后保持80℃反应24h，颜色逐渐由无色变为淡黄色，得到含磷聚硅氧烷，体系呈澄清透明的均匀溶液。
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