CN113278018A - 基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料及其应用 - Google Patents
基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113278018A CN113278018A CN202010105516.8A CN202010105516A CN113278018A CN 113278018 A CN113278018 A CN 113278018A CN 202010105516 A CN202010105516 A CN 202010105516A CN 113278018 A CN113278018 A CN 113278018A
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- Prior art keywords
- pyridine
- activated delayed
- organic electroluminescent
- fluorescent material
- based thermally
- Prior art date
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- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OTJZMNIBLUCUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 OTJZMNIBLUCUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MFHJRKHYWZCXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)[B]C1=C(C(=C(C=C1)C)C)C)C)C Chemical group CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)[B]C1=C(C(=C(C=C1)C)C)C)C)C MFHJRKHYWZCXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
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- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
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- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKVIAZWOECXCCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-carbazol-9-yl-n,n-diphenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C21)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKVIAZWOECXCCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- AWXGSYPUMWKTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-carbazol-9-yl-n,n-bis(4-carbazol-9-ylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1=CC=C(N(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C32)C=C1 AWXGSYPUMWKTBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWKKLBATUCJUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YWKKLBATUCJUHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-n-[4-[1-[4-(4-methyl-n-(4-methylphenyl)anilino)phenyl]cyclohexyl]phenyl]-n-(4-methylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)C1(CCCCC1)C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 ZOKIJILZFXPFTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000837344 Homo sapiens T-cell leukemia translocation-altered gene protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
- C07F5/02—Boron compounds
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/654—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发光材料和器件领域,尤其涉及一种基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料及其应用。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件是在电子传输层(ETL)和空穴传输层(HTL)之间夹入含有发光材料的发光层(EML),并进一步在其外侧安装阴极(Al)和阳极(ITO),通过外加电压向器件中注入电子和空穴并在发光层复合形成激子通过荧光或磷光过程向外发射光子并失活的器件。由于其具有全固态、自发光、广视角、响应速度快、低驱动电压、低能耗等诸多特点,在显示和白光照明领域有着巨大的应用前景。
近年来,热激活延迟机制荧光材料(TADF)被广泛的应用于OLED器件的发光染料,这类染料可以同时利用生成概率25%的单重态激子和75%的三重态激子从而获得理论上100%的内量子效率(IQE)。为了减少高浓度三线态激子所带来的激子猝灭与效率滚降,发光层一般由主体材料和掺杂染料构成。但是,掺杂发光层的热蒸镀不仅增加了器件的复杂性,同时不容易精确控制掺杂的比例,导致主客体掺杂体系存在器件结构复杂、稳定性和重复性差等问题。而非掺杂器件由于其结构简单而成为一个研究的热点。但是,严重的三重态激子的猝灭过程限制其进一步的发展,如何抑制三重态激子的湮灭成为设计高效非掺杂电致发光器件的重点。目前,非掺杂热活化延迟荧光材料存在结构设计复杂、合成麻烦等缺点。
双构像现象在热活化延迟荧光材料中广泛的存在,其特征为:近平面构象由于分子前线轨道重叠大而表现为高能量的普通荧光材料;近正交构象由于其前线分子轨道有效分离而表现出热活化延迟荧光性质。通过精细的分子结构设计,使其在基态下的稳定构象为近平面构象,则为实现单分子的自主体特征奠定了很好的基础。自主体的特征可以有效抑制三重态激子的湮灭,从而实现高的器件效率。文献“Adamantane-SubstitutedAcridine Donor for Blue Dual Fluorescence and Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,2019,58,582-586”公开了一种以金刚烷修饰的吖啶为电子供体,以三苯基三嗪为电子受体的荧光发光材料a-DMAc-TRZ,该分子具有双构型。双构象的引入虽然有效降低了a-DMAc-TRZ的浓度猝灭现象,掺杂浓度为20%时实现了最高28.9%器件外量子效率(EQE),但是其非掺杂器件仅仅实现了最大EQE为9.1%,显著低于其掺杂器件的结果。以上的结果表明采用自主体荧光剂构成高效的有机电致发光器件仍需进一步的研究。开发新型的非掺杂热活化延迟荧光材料,以解决解决当前非掺杂热活化延迟荧光材料设计复杂以及存在的激子猝灭问题仍然是人们亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料及其应用,本发明的热活化延迟荧光材料以吡啶基团作为桥连基团形成具有D-π-A结构的化合物,其具有双构像结构,本发明还公开了其在制备有机电致发光器件中的应用,以上化合物作为自主体荧光剂构成的有机电致发光器件具有低驱动电压、低效率滚降以及高效率等特点。
本发明的一种基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料,其包括式(I)所示的化合物:
其中,D为给电子基团;给电子基团选自包含至少一个氮的富电子芳香胺取代基;
A为吸电子基团;吸电子基团选自苯甲酰基、吡啶甲酰基、三联吡啶基及其衍生物、4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪或二(三甲苯基)硼基。进一步地,给电子基团选自以下结构式中的任一种:
优选地,给电子基团选自以下结构式中的任一种:
进一步地,吸电子基团选自以下结构式中的任一种:
优选地,吸电子基团选自以下结构式中的任一种:
优选地,基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料的结构式如下中的一种或几种:
本发明还公开了上述基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料在制备有机电致发光器件中的应用。
进一步地,有机电致发光器件为非掺杂有机电致发光器件。本发明的热活化延迟荧光材料具有双构像现象,以单分子的不同构象分别当做主体和客体发光材料(热活化延迟荧光材料作为自主体荧光剂),实现了自主体的非掺杂有机电致发光器件,解决当前非掺杂热活化延迟荧光材料设计复杂以及存在的激子猝灭问题。
进一步地,有机电致发光器件包括发光层,发光层包括式(I)所示的基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料中的一种或几种。
本发明还公开了一种有机电致发光器件,包括发光层,发光层包括一种或几种本发明的上述基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料。
进一步地,有机电致发光器件包括自下而上依次设置的透明基底、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、发光层、电子传输层和阴极层。
优选地,透明基底材质为ITO玻璃。透明基底带有透明且呈条纹状的电极。
优选地,空穴传输层材质为4,4'-环己基二[N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)苯胺](TAPC);空穴传输层的厚度范围为30-40nm。
优选地,电子阻挡层材质为4,4',4”-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺(TCTA;电子阻挡层的厚度范围为5-10nm。
优选地,发光层仅由本发明的基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料组成,优选发光层的厚度范围为10-40nm。
优选地,电子传输层材质为3,3'-[5'-[3-(3-吡啶基)苯基][1,1':3',1”-三联苯]-3,3”-二基]二吡啶(TmPyPb);电子传输层的厚度范围为30-50nm。
优选地,阴极层材质为1nm厚的氟化锂和100nm厚的铝电极。阴极层与透明基底上的透明且呈条纹状的电极呈正交结构。
借由上述方案,本发明至少具有以下优点:
本发明提供了一种以吡啶基团作为桥连基团的热活化延迟荧光材料,具有D-π-A结构且具有双构像结构,该化合物具有高效自主体热激活延迟荧光性能和高的荧光量子产率。
本发明还公开了本发明的热活化延迟荧光材料在制备有机电致发光器件中的应用,该有机电致发光器件具有低驱动电压、低效率滚降以及高效率等特点。因此,由本发明的自主体热活化延迟荧光材料可用作能够以低电压驱动的、高效率、低效率滚降的有机电致发光器件构成成分。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合详细附图说明如后。
附图说明
图1是本发明有机电致发光器件的器件结构示意图;
图2是实施例6制备的有机电致发光器件的亮度-电压-电流密度特性曲线;
图3是实施例6制备的有机电致发光器件的外量子效率-亮度特性曲线;
附图标记说明:
1-玻璃基板;2-空穴传输层;3-电子阻挡层;4-发光层;5-电子传输层;6-阴极层。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
中间体1的合成:100mL单口茄形瓶内加入磁力搅拌子,再依次加入6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛1.86g,抽换气三次之后加入40mL无水四氢呋喃,搅拌使其完全溶解后降温至-77摄氏度。待温度稳定后缓慢滴加入1M的苯锂的正己烷溶液10mL。维持该温度下反应半小时后,逐渐升至室温。待反应完全缓慢加入稀盐酸,依次用乙酸乙酯萃取、饱和食盐水洗涤后,旋除有机溶剂,加入100mL二氯甲烷至搅拌溶解。再依次加入氧化剂吡啶氯铬酸盐4.50g以及同等质量的硅胶,室温下反应过夜。待反应完全,柱色谱分离得到中间体1,收率45%。
化合物1的合成:在氩气保护下,在安装有回流管的250mL两口反应器依次加入中间体1产物1.08g,吩噻嗪0.88g,醋酸钯30mg,10%的三叔丁基膦的甲苯溶液1.0mL,添加甲苯150mL。将所得溶液加热至90℃并搅拌12小时。冷却到室温后,蒸馏除去有机溶剂。加入大量水和二氯甲烷萃取有机相并用无水硫酸钠干燥,蒸馏除去有机液相后,产物用二氯甲烷和甲醇通过柱色谱法纯化。干燥后得到黄色粉末1.25g,收率82.2%。
化合物1的核磁表征:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.48(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),7.99(dd,J=9.0,2.4Hz,1H),7.79(dd,J=8.0,1.2Hz,2H),7.73(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),7.66(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.60(dd,J=7.8,1.4Hz,2H),7.54(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.47(td,J=7.7,1.4Hz,2H),7.34(td,J=7.6,1.3Hz,2H),6.95(d,J=9.0Hz,1H)。
质谱结果:分子式C24H16N2S([M]+):m/z 380.10.Found:m/z 380.35。
实施例2
中间体2的合成:250mL单口茄形瓶内加入磁力搅拌子,再依次加入2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪1.34g,6-氟吡啶-3-硼酸0.78g,四三苯基膦钯0.12g以及碳酸钾2.76g,最后抽换气三次后加入10mL去离子水、10mL乙醇以及50mL的脱气甲苯,80摄氏度下搅拌12小时后。待反应完全,撤去加热,降至室温后加入乙酸乙酯就行萃取、分液,并进一步通过柱色谱分离提纯得白色固体的中间体2,产量1.45g,收率88.4%。
化合物2的合成:在氩气保护下,在安装有回流管的100mL两口反应器加入吩噁嗪0.55g和60%质量分数的氢化钠86mg。上述混合物体系抽换气三次之后加入无水二甲基甲酰胺20mL,80摄氏度下反应半小时。另取一干燥的安装有回流管的100mL两口反应器加入反应中间体2的质量为0.98g,抽换气三次之后加入无水二甲基甲酰胺20mL,升温至80摄氏度并搅拌至固体完全溶解。再将溶解中间体2的溶液快速加入上述吩噁嗪的反应液,加完之后继续在此温度下反应3小时。待反应完全之后,撤去加热。降至室温后,缓慢加入稀盐酸溶液至反应猝灭之后,将上述反应液缓慢滴加入饱和食盐水中而析出黄色固体。减压过滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤,真空干燥,并经柱色谱提纯得黄绿色固体1.15g,收率78.2%。
化合物2的核磁表征:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.83(dd,J=2.4,0.8Hz,1H),8.91(dd,J=8.7,2.4Hz,1H),8.83–8.74(m,4H),7.73–7.55(m,6H),7.51–7.42(m,3H),7.17–6.97(m,6H)。
质谱结果:分子式C32H21N5O([M]+):m/z 491.55.Found:m/z 491.23。
实施例3
中间体3的合成:100mL单口茄形瓶内加入磁力搅拌子,再加入6-氟-3-溴吡啶0.53g,抽换气三次之后加入40mL无水四氢呋喃,搅拌使其完全溶解后降温至-77摄氏度。待温度稳定后缓慢滴加入1M的丁基锂的正己烷溶液3.3mL。维持该温度下反应至反应完全。另取一干燥100mL单口茄形瓶内加入磁力搅拌子,再加入二(三甲苯基)氟化硼0.96g,抽换气三次之后加入20mL无水四氢呋喃。搅拌至完全溶解后,将上述溶液缓慢的滴加入丁基锂混合液中,维持该温度下反应半小时后,逐渐升至室温。待反应完全缓慢加入稀盐酸,依次用乙酸乙酯萃取、饱和食盐水洗涤后,旋除有机溶剂,柱色谱分离得到中间体3,收率75%。
化合物3的合成:在氩气保护下,在安装有回流管的100mL两口反应器加入9,9’-二甲基吖啶0.75g和60%质量分数的氢化钠145mg。上述混合物体系抽换气三次之后加入无水二甲基甲酰胺30mL,80摄氏度下反应半小时。另取一干燥的安装有回流管的100mL两口反应器加入反应中间体2的质量为1.04g,抽换气三次之后加入无水二甲基甲酰胺40mL,升温至80摄氏度并搅拌至固体完全溶解。再将溶解中间体2的溶液快速加入上述9,9’-二甲基吖啶的反应液,加完之后继续在此温度下反应3小时。待反应完全之后,撤去加热。降至室温后,缓慢加入稀盐酸溶液至反应猝灭之后,将上述反应液缓慢滴加入饱和食盐水中而析出绿色固体。减压过滤,滤饼用去离子水洗涤,真空干燥,并经柱色谱提纯得绿色固体0.95g,收率59.4%。
化合物3的核磁表征:1H NMR(600MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.82(s,1H),7.46(dd,J=7.6,1.6Hz,2H),7.37–7.30(m,2H),6.98(ddd,J=8.4,7.2,1.7Hz,2H),6.93(td,J=7.4,1.4Hz,2H),6.87(s,4H),6.31(dd,J=8.2,1.4Hz,2H),2.33(s,6H),2.10(s,12H),1.69(s,6H)。
质谱结果:分子式C38H39BN2([M]+):m/z 534.55.Found:m/z 534.85。
实施例4
中间体4的合成:500mL单口茄形瓶内加入磁力搅拌子,再依次加入6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛3.72g,3-乙酰基吡啶4.4mL,氢氧化钠固体0.80g,浓氨水110mL以及160mL乙醇,室温下搅拌12小时后,减压过滤,滤饼依次用乙醇、去离子水洗涤,真空干燥,得白色固体的中间体4,产量3.20g,收率41.0%,产物不进一步提纯,直接进行下一步反应。
化合物4的合成:在氩气保护下,在安装有回流管的100mL两口反应器加入中间体4的质量为1.56g,吩噁嗪0.77g,醋酸钯30mg,10%的三叔丁基膦的甲苯溶液1.0mL,添加甲苯60mL。将所得溶液加热至90℃并搅拌12小时。冷却到室温后,蒸馏除去有机溶剂。加入大量水和二氯甲烷萃取有机相并用无水硫酸钠干燥,蒸馏除去有机液相后,产物用二氯甲烷和甲醇通过柱色谱法纯化。干燥后得到黄色粉末1.55g,收率78.7%。
化合物4的核磁表征:1H NMR(600MHz,DMF-d7)δ9.65-9.65(m,2H),9.42(m,1H),8.83(dd,J=8.0,0.8Hz,2),8.78(dd,J=8.5,2.6Hz,1H),8.73(dd,J=4.7,1.6Hz,2H),8.63(s,2H),7.69(dd,J=8.4,0.8Hz,1H),7.62(ddd,J=8.0,4.7,0.9Hz,2H),7.69-7.61(m,8H)。
质谱结果:分子式C32H21N5O([M]+):m/z 491.55.Found:m/z 491.76。
实施例5
中间体5-1的合成:250mL单口茄形瓶内加入磁力搅拌子,再依次加入6-溴吡啶-2-甲醛1.86g,3-乙酰基吡啶1.2mL以及50mL甲醇,搅拌至完全溶解。再缓慢滴加入10%碳酸钠水溶液30mL,室温下搅拌0.5小时后,减压过滤,滤饼依次用乙醇、去离子水洗涤,真空干燥,得白色固体的中间体5-1,产量2.78g,收率96.2%,产物不进一步提纯,直接进行下一步反应。
中间体5-2的合成:将上述制备得到的0.88g中间体5-1,吡啶三甲脒盐酸盐0.43g以及氢氧化钾固体0.17g加入到100mL单口茄形瓶内,再加入30mL无水乙醇,加热回流12h。待反应完全,降至室温后减压过滤,滤饼依次用乙醇、去离子水洗涤,真空干燥,得白色固体的中间体5-2,产量0.58g,收率54.7%,产物不进一步提纯,直接进行下一步反应。
化合物5的合成:在氩气保护下,在安装有回流管的100mL两口反应器加入中间体5-2的质量为0.78g,吩噻嗪0.44g,醋酸钯20mg,10%的三叔丁基膦的甲苯溶液0.5mL,添加甲苯40mL。将所得溶液加热至90℃并搅拌12小时。冷却到室温后,蒸馏除去有机溶剂。加入大量水和二氯甲烷萃取有机相并用无水硫酸钠干燥,蒸馏除去有机液相后,产物用二氯甲烷和甲醇通过柱色谱法纯化。干燥后得到橙色粉末0.85g,收率83.3%。
化合物5的核磁表征:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.77(s,1H),9.64(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),9.35(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.94(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.84(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),8.82–8.74(m,2H),8.69(dd,J=9.0,2.4Hz,1H),8.67(s,1H),7.83(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.65(dd,J=8.0,3.3Hz,1H),7.61(dd,J=7.7,1.7Hz,3H),7.49(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.36(t,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.03(d,J=9.0Hz,1H)。
质谱结果:分子式C31H20N6S([M]+):m/z 508.60.Found:m/z 508.85。
实施例6
本发明还提供了上述基于吡啶作为桥连基团的高效自主体热活化延迟荧光材料在有机电致发光器件中的应用,上述有机电致发光器件为非掺杂有机电致发光器件。
以化合物4应用于荧光非掺杂染料的有机电致发光器件的制作与性能评价:
使用2mm宽的氧化铟锡(ITO)膜图案的成条纹状的、带有ITO透明电极的玻璃板作为基板。用异丙醇将玻璃基板1洗涤后,通过臭氧紫外线进行表面处理。在洗涤后的玻璃基板1上用真空蒸镀法进行各层的真空蒸镀,制作剖面图如图1所示的发光面积9mm2的有机电致发光器件。
首先,将前述玻璃基板导入真空蒸镀槽内,减压至1×10-4Pa。然后在玻璃基板1上,依次成膜成空穴传输层2、电子阻挡层3、发光层4和电子传输层5,然后成膜成阴极层6。具体地,以35nm厚的膜厚真空蒸镀的4,4'-环己基二[N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)苯胺](TAPC)作为空穴传输层2,以10nm厚的膜厚真空蒸镀的4,4',4”-三(咔唑-9-基)三苯胺(TCTA)为电子阻挡层3,以20nm厚的膜厚真空蒸镀实施例4中合成的化合物4作为发光层4,以45nm厚的膜厚真空蒸镀的3,3'-[5'-[3-(3-吡啶基)苯基][1,1':3',1”-三联苯]-3,3”-二基]二吡啶(TmPyPb)作为电子传输层5。其中各个有机材料通过电阻加热方式成膜。加热化合物以0.3-0.5nm的成膜速率真空蒸镀。最后以与ITO条纹正交的方式配置金属掩膜,构成阴极层6。阴极层6是分别以1nm和100nm的膜厚真空蒸镀氟化锂和铝而形成的两层结构。各个膜厚用触针式膜厚测定器(DEKTAK)测定。最后,将以上制备的器件密封在水和氧分浓度1ppm以下的氮气氛手套箱内,得到有机电致发光器件。密封使用玻璃质的密封盖和前述成膜基板环氧性紫外线固化树脂(Nagase ChemteX Corporation制造)。
对以上所制备的有机电致发光器件施加直流电流,使用Spectrascan PR650亮度计来评价发光性能,使用电脑控制的Keithley 2400数字源表测量电流-电压特性。作为发光特性,测定在随外加直流电压变化下的CIE色坐标值、最大亮度(cd/m2)、外量子效率(%)、功率效率(lm/W)。结果如下图2和图3所示,OLED器件的测定值分别为(0.40,0.56),48810cd/m2,25.4%和96.5lm/W。
综上所述,本发明提供的基于吡啶作为桥连基团的高效自主体热活化延迟荧光材料应用于有机电致发光器件中,可以有效简化器件的结构、低消耗电力化、高发光效率。由此延伸本发明的高效自主体热活化延迟荧光材料还可应用于荧光发光材料、磷光发光材料的各种有机电致发光器件,除了平板显示器等用途外,还可应用于兼顾低消耗电力与高效率的照明用途等。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不用于限制本发明,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
6.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料在制备有机电致发光器件中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:所述有机电致发光器件为非掺杂有机电致发光器件。
8.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于:所述有机电致发光器件包括发光层,所述发光层包括所述基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料。
9.一种有机电致发光器件,其特征在于,包括发光层,所述发光层包括所述基于吡啶的热活化延迟荧光材料。
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