CN113273420A - Rapid seeding and seedling raising technology for lagerstroemia indica fruitor - Google Patents
Rapid seeding and seedling raising technology for lagerstroemia indica fruitor Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a sowing and seedling raising technology for crape myrtle fruits. The specific technical scheme is as follows: collecting seeds of the lagerstroemia indica small fruit trees, accelerating germination and sowing in autumn, and promoting the plants to grow quickly by a technical means after the seeds germinate; entering the late winter season, and promoting the plant to enter a dormant state by hormone treatment; and after spring of the next year, transplanting seedlings. The invention provides a planting technology of crape myrtle fruits. The seedling can be grown in the same year as the mature seeds, and after robust seedlings are obtained, the seedlings are promoted to enter a dormant state in a hormone induction mode, so that the introduction and transplantation in the next spring are facilitated. By using the technology of the invention, the germination rate of seeds is high, the survival rate of seedlings is high, the survival rate of transplanting is high, and the seedlings can be sown in autumn of the year, thereby avoiding the delay of planting opportunity caused by reseeding and growing in spring and saving the planting time of one year.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a sowing and seedling raising technology for crape myrtle fruits.
Background
The lagerstroemia indica small fruits are rare or endangered plants in China, are distributed in southeast Tibet and southeast Yunnan at the altitude of 800-1100 m, are special species in China, and have no distribution records abroad. The lagerstroemia indica small fruit has full and straight trunks, is a precious fast-growing tree species, and is also one of important group-building species of local deciduous season rainforests on the southern slope of Himalaya. The lagerstroemia indica small fruit flower is pure white, has large flower quantity and long flowering period, and the surface layer of the bark falls off to form a special and smooth trunk, thereby being an important ornamental resource plant. The lagerstroemia indica small fruit is a rare or endangered plant which integrates wood, afforestation, appreciation and ecological restoration.
The distribution of the lagerstroemia indica small fruits is limited, and except that about 800 plants are distributed intensively to form a community near the Miri village in the Xizang ink-out county, the rest few distribution points are single plants scattered. Due to artificial interference in history, the lagerstroemia microphylla centrally distributed in Nissan village of Tibet hardly has seedling updating, and only a few sprouts exist on the old piles of the lagerstroemia microphylla which are cut down previously. In addition, in the distribution area of east Himalayan, the number of the plants is small due to the influence of natural disasters such as landslide and debris flow, the plants are difficult to update, the tree age of the original forest is large, the quality of the fructified seeds is poor, and the natural germination rate is extremely low.
At present, no report related to the propagation technology of the lagerstroemia indica bearing small fruits is found. And ecological restoration of native tree species and afforestation construction are urgently needed in the area. Therefore, the development of the planting technology of the lagerstroemia microcarpa tree is beneficial to increasing the population quantity of the lagerstroemia microcarpa and has important significance for protecting rare or endangered plants and building ecological civilization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a sowing and seedling raising technology for crape myrtle trees with small fruits.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for rapidly sowing and propagating lagerstroemia indica smallflower comprises obtaining seeds of lagerstroemia indica smallflower, sowing in autumn, and promoting plant growth rapidly after the seeds germinate; inducing the plant to enter a dormant state after entering the end of the winter season; and after spring of the next year, transplanting seedlings.
Preferably, before sowing, the seeds are pretreated, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: firstly, seeds are put into warm water with the water temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the calcium chloride content of 1-2% w/v for soaking for 4-6 h, then the seeds are fished out and cleaned, and then the seeds are put into a germination promoting reagent and soaked in a constant-temperature water bath at the temperature of 40-43 ℃ for 30 min.
Preferably, the formula of the germination promoting agent is as follows: gibberellin 10mg/L, cytokinin 1.2mg/L, TDZ 0.5.5 mg/L, zeatin 0.1mg/L, methyl jasmonate 0.01mg/L, and allicin 5.5 mg/L.
Preferably, the seeds and the seeding matrix are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 2000:1 and then seeded, and the formula of the seeding matrix is as follows: 1-2 mm in diameter, namely, 6:1:3 of plant ash and fine river sand, adding 12g of zinc-substituted manganese oxide to each kilogram of matrix, and uniformly mixing.
Preferably, after sowing, the growth temperature is controlled to be 25-28 ℃.
Preferably, the method for promoting the rapid growth of the plants comprises the following steps: after the plants grow true leaves, spraying the mixed nutrient solution every two weeks, ventilating for 3h every day, and spraying and watering for 1 time every two days.
Preferably, the formula of the mixed nutrient solution is as follows: 84g of monopotassium phosphate, 67g of ammonium nitrate, 27g of calcium chloride, 31g of thiophanate methyl, 19g of mansonian, 14g of hymexazol, 21g of procymidone and 10g of polyoxin, and the mixture is diluted to 100L by adding water.
Preferably, the method for inducing the plant to enter the dormant state comprises the following steps: gradually reducing the temperature in the arched shed to 8-12 ℃, and spraying a compound dormancy agent after the growth of the buds is stopped, so that the plants are transferred to the dormancy stage.
Preferably, the formula of the compound dormancy agent is as follows: 32mg/L of abscisic acid, 180mg/L of paclobutrazol and 200mg/L of ethephon.
Preferably, after the lowest temperature rises to more than 10 ℃ in the spring of the next year, transplanting seedlings.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a planting technology of crape myrtle with an effect. The seedling can be grown in the same year when the seeds are mature, and after strong seedlings are obtained, the seedlings are promoted to enter a dormant period by a technical means, so that the seedlings can be conveniently planted in the next spring. By using the technology of the invention, the germination rate of seeds is high, the survival rate of seedlings is high, the survival rate of transplanting is high, and the seedlings can be sown in autumn of the year, thereby avoiding the delay of the growing season caused by sowing again in spring and saving the growing time of one year.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a planting technology of crape myrtle fruits, which comprises a set of planting method and a treatment reagent in planting. The planting method comprises the following steps: collecting seeds of the small-fruit crape myrtle trees, sowing in autumn every year, and helping the plants to grow quickly after the seeds germinate; after entering winter, forcing the plants to enter a dormant state; after spring, transplanting seedlings.
The treatment reagent comprises a germination promoting reagent for helping seed germination: with water as solvent, gibberellin 10mg/L, cytokinin 1.2mg/L, TDZ (thidiazuron) 0.5mg/L, zeatin 0.1mg/L, methyl jasmonate 0.01mg/L, and allicin 5.5mg/L are added.
The mixed nutrient solution for helping the plants to grow rapidly comprises: 84g of monopotassium phosphate, 67g of ammonium nitrate, 27g of calcium chloride, 31g of thiophanate methyl, 19g of mansonian, 14g of hymexazol, 21g of procymidone and 10g of polyoxin, and the mixture is diluted to 100L by adding water.
Comprises a compound dormancy agent for inducing plants to enter dormancy states: using water as solvent, adding 32mg/L of abscisic acid, 180mg/L of paclobutrazol and 200mg/L of ethephon.
The planting method and the intermediate management specifically comprise the following steps:
1. and (4) harvesting seeds in 9-10 months per year, selecting and shelling.
2. In order to release the dormancy of the seeds, the seeds are firstly thermally treated, and the specific method comprises the following steps: firstly, seeds are put into warm water with the water temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the calcium chloride (w/v) content of 1.2% for soaking for 4-6 h, then the seeds are fished out and cleaned by clear water. Then the seeds are put into the germination promoting reagent and soaked in a constant temperature water bath at 42.5 ℃ for 30 min.
3. Preparing a seeding matrix, wherein the formula is as follows: 1-2 mm in diameter, namely, 6:1:3 of plant ash and fine river sand, adding 12g of zinc-substituted manganese oxide to each kilogram of matrix, and uniformly mixing. The seeding matrix and the soaked seeds are fully and uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 2000:1, and the seeds are uniformly dispersed in the seeding matrix.
4. The method for arranging the seedbed comprises the following specific steps: mixing garden soil, coal cinder, turfy soil, large-particle vermiculite and the like in a mass ratio, stacking the mixture into a long-strip seedbed with the height of 20-25 cm and the width of 120cm, detecting the pH value of the soil by using pH test paper, and adjusting the pH value of the soil to be 5.5-6.0 by using ferrous sulfate.
5. Sowing is carried out on the arranged seedbed according to 300g of sowing matrix mixed with seeds per square meter, the sowing is required to be uniform, the thickness is uniform, and water is thoroughly poured in a spraying mode after the sowing is finished. And then covering a plastic arched shed with the height of 60-80 cm, and placing an automatic heating wire to ensure that the temperature in the arched shed is 25-28 ℃.
6. After planting, germinating for 10-15 days, spraying mixed nutrient solution every two weeks after true leaves grow out for 30-45 days to promote rapid growth of seedlings and avoid diseases, ventilating for 3h every day, spraying and watering for 1 time every two days, and thoroughly watering every time.
7. And (3) after 90-120 days of sowing, when the height of the plant reaches 40-60 cm, enhancing ventilation, ventilating for 6h every day, watering for 1 time every week, and thoroughly watering every time. And simultaneously, gradually adjusting a temperature controller, reducing the temperature in the arched shed to 8-12 ℃ at a uniform speed according to the speed of reducing the temperature by 0.5-1.5 ℃ every day, and spraying a compound dormancy agent after the growth of the buds is stopped, so that the plant is promoted to be strong, leaves fall off, and the plant is transferred to a dormancy stage. During dormancy, the temperature in the shed is kept above 5 ℃, and watering is carried out for 1 time per month until the water is thoroughly poured.
8. And when the lowest temperature rises to more than 10 ℃ in spring of the second year in 3-4 months, lifting the seedlings, taking the seedlings out of the shed, and transplanting the seedlings.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
In the following examples, seeds were collected in the jushi region, juju county, miri village, extinct county, of the tibetan autonomous region at 9 months 2015, the germination and planting test site was located in the greenhouse of the xiao ke natural park of huizhou city, zhengzhou city, of the southern province, part of the seeds was transplanted to the jushi region, ju county, miri village, of the ju county, of the tibetan autonomous region, and part of the seeds was transplanted to the jinshajiang river valley zone of the zhao district, of yibi city, of the sichuan province, of the four chuan province. Sowing in 2015 for 10 months and 15 days, spraying the mixed nutrient solution once every two weeks after true leaves grow out, and spraying 5 times, wherein the single dosage is 100L/mu. Watering for 1 time per week starting at 18 days 1 month in 2016, gradually cooling to 8-12 ℃, and spraying the compound dormancy agent for 2 times continuously at an interval of 48 hours in 2 times at 29 days 1 month in 2016, wherein the dosage is 20L/mu. And in 2016, 3 months and 5-15 days, lifting seedlings, taking out of a shed and transplanting. Survival and growth were checked in 2016, 5, 18 months. In the following examples, the conditions were the same except for the variables. And 3 replicates were set for each treatment. In addition, it should be noted that the inventors have conducted a large number of experiments, and the following examples are only representative examples of some of them.
The first embodiment is as follows: study of the Effect of seed treatment on sprouting and growth
The treatment before sowing of the seeds for each group is shown in table 1. In Table 1, "/" indicates not performed.
TABLE 1 treatment of the groups before seed sowing
| Group of | Thermal treatment | Germination promoting reagent soaking |
| Blank control group | / | / |
| Group 1 | Soaking in warm water at 30 deg.C for 5 hr | 42.5℃、30min |
| Group 2 | Soaking in warm water containing 1.2% calcium chloride at 30 deg.C for 5 hr | 42.5℃、30min |
| Group 3 | Soaking in 10 deg.C warm water containing 1.2% calcium chloride for 8 hr | 42.5℃、30min |
| Group 4 | Soaking in warm water containing 1.2% calcium chloride at 20 deg.C for 8 hr | 42.5℃、30min |
| Group 5 | Soaking in warm water containing 1.2% calcium chloride at 35 deg.C for 5 hr | 42.5℃、30min |
| Group 6 | Soaking in warm water containing 2% calcium chloride at 30 deg.C for 4 hr | 42.5℃、30min |
| Group 7 | Soaking in warm water containing 1.2% calcium chloride at 30 deg.C for 7 hr | 42.5℃、30min |
The results of each group are shown in Table 2. The seeds are sensitive to temperature, and the germination rate drops suddenly when the temperature is over 30 ℃ during heat treatment.
Table 2 results of each group
| Group of | Seed germination rate |
| Blank control group | 8％ |
| Group 1 | 68％ |
| Group 2 | 87％ |
| Group 3 | 24％ |
| Group 4 | 48％ |
| Group 5 | 14％ |
| Group 6 | 21％ |
| Group 7 | 72％ |
Meanwhile, subsequent hormone treatment and transplantation experiments show that: if proper pre-sowing treatment of the seeds is not carried out, the seeds cannot be fully activated, and the seeds are insensitive to subsequent hormone treatment, so that the subsequent germination condition and the growth condition after transplantation are not ideal.
And carrying out gradient test on the soaking temperature in the germination promoting reagent to verify the germination rate after soaking at 38-48 ℃ (taking 0.5 ℃ as a gradient). The results showed that the germination rate was highest at 42.5 ℃ and was 87%. Above this temperature, the germination rate drops sharply, and at 44 ℃ the germination rate is less than 10%.
And the concentrations of the components in the germination-promoting agent are tested in combination, which is not shown here for reasons of space. The results show that gibberellin plays a decisive role in the germination of seeds; when the concentration is lower than 10mg/L, the effect of promoting germination is not obvious; when the concentration is higher than the concentration, the seedlings grow excessively, the internodes are overlong, and finally the seedlings fall down to die; only when the germination rate is 10mg/L, the germination rate of the seeds is the highest and can reach 82%, but seedlings are weak, the death rate after germination is up to 48%, and the seedlings are difficult to survive in winter of the year. After cytokinin, TDZ and zeatin are added, under the condition of proper concentration, seedlings grow robustly and are dark green, the germination rate is 87%, and the death rate after germination is 12%. When the concentration of cytokinin is higher than 1.2mg/L, the cotyledons grow in a deformed manner after germination, the growing points are dysplastic, and finally the death rate of seedlings is high. When TDZ is higher than 0.5mg/L, growing points of the plants grow malformed and are in a dense and explosive bud shape, but the growth is stopped, and finally the death rate of seedlings is high. After the methyl jasmonate and the allicin with proper concentration are added, the problem of mold outbreak in the plant germination process is well controlled.
Example two: study on effects of mixed nutrient solution on plant growth
And performing a concentration gradient test on each component in the mixed nutrient solution, wherein the rest conditions are the same. The formulations for each group are shown in Table 3, with the same conditions. The numbers in table 3 represent the grams of each component in 100L of water. The blank control group used 100L of sterile water.
Table 3 presentation of the formulations of each group
In table 3, fungicide No. 1 formulation: 31g of thiophanate methyl, 19g of mansonine zinc substitute, 14g of hymexazol, 21g of procymidone and 10g of polyoxin. Formula 2 of the bactericide: 31g of thiophanate methyl, 19g of mansonine zinc substitute, 14g of hymexazol and 21g of procymidone. Formula No. 3 of the bactericide: 31g of thiophanate methyl, 19g of mansonine zinc substitute, 14g of hymexazol and 10g of polyoxin. The formula of the bactericide No. 4 is as follows: 31g of thiophanate methyl, 19g of mansonine zinc substitute, 21g of procymidone and 10g of polyoxin. Formula 5 of the bactericide: 31g of thiophanate methyl, 14g of hymexazol, 21g of procymidone and 10g of polyoxin.
And (4) counting the survival rate of the seedlings in 2016, 1 month and 16 days, and confirming the overall growth condition of the seedlings in each group. The results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 results of each group
| Group of | The survival rate is high | Results of the experiment |
| Blank control group | 54 | Seedlings are thin and weak, grow slowly and are easy to be infected with bacteria and die in later period |
| Group 1 | 71 | The young leaves yellow and grow slowly |
| Group 2 | 68 | Thin and weak seedling and small leaf |
| Group 3 | 62 | Emaciation and weakness of young seedlings |
| Group 4 | 67 | Death of infected seedling |
| Group 5 | 74 | The seedling grows normally |
| Group 6 | 82 | The seedling grows normally |
| Group 7 | 92 | Strong seedlings, dark green leaf color and difficult bacterial contamination in later period |
| Group 8 | 64 | Strong seedlings, dark green leaves, shriveled leaves and slow growth |
| Group 9 | 78 | Yellowing of seedling leaves |
| Group 10 | 74 | The young seedlings have large and dark green leaves, but are partially festered |
| Group 11 | 81 | Emaciation and weakness of young seedlings |
| Group 12 | 78 | Malformation of growth of seedling leaves |
| Group 13 | 81 | Normal development of seedling |
| Group 14 | 83 | Normal development of seedling |
| Group 15 | 81 | Normal development of seedling |
| Group 16 | 78 | Normal development of seedling |
Example three: research on influence of compound dormancy agent on plant growth
And performing a concentration gradient test on each component in the compound dormancy agent under the same other conditions. The formulations for each group are shown in Table 5, with the same conditions. In Table 5, the numerical units are mg/L, and the solvent is water; the blank control group used an equal amount of sterile water.
Table 5 presentation of the respective recipes
| Group of | Abscisic acid | Paclobutrazol | Ethephon |
| Blank control group | / | / | / |
| Group 1 | 32 | / | / |
| Group 2 | / | 180 | / |
| Group 3 | / | / | 200 |
| Group 4 | 32 | 180 | / |
| Group 5 | 32 | / | 200 |
| Group 6 | / | 180 | 200 |
| Group 7 | 12 | 180 | 200 |
| Group 8 | 22 | 180 | 200 |
| Group 9 | 32 | 180 | 200 |
| Group 10 | 42 | 180 | 200 |
| Group 11 | 32 | 150 | 200 |
| Group 12 | 32 | 160 | 200 |
| Group 13 | 32 | 170 | 200 |
| Group 14 | 32 | 190 | 200 |
| Group 15 | 32 | 180 | 140 |
| Group 16 | 32 | 180 | 160 |
| Group 17 | 32 | 180 | 180 |
| Group 18 | 32 | 180 | 220 |
| Group 19 | 32 | 180 | 240 |
The survival rate of seedlings was counted in 2016, 2 months and 25 days, and the results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 results of each group
After the method helps seeds to rapidly sprout and grow in the early stage, the plant is induced to be in a dormant state, so that nutrient consumption is avoided, differentiation of bud eyes is promoted, and the transplanting survival rate in spring is improved. However, if abscisic acid is directly sprayed to force plants to enter dormancy, the plants are likely to die due to insufficient nutrient accumulation, so that the inventor provides a compound dormancy agent which helps the plants to return nutrients and promote dormancy at the same time through the mutual matching of different components, and the survival rate of seedlings is improved.
The results show that: after the common defoliant Thibenuron is sprayed, the green leaves of the leaves are directly dried and shed, the defoliation effect is obvious, but the effects of promoting the backflow of plant nutrition and helping the plants to enter dormancy are not obvious, and the survival rate of seedlings is low, so that the defoliant Thibenuron is not suitable for seedlings. Experiments show that abscisic acid with proper concentration can promote leaves to gradually yellow and shed, but the onset period is longer, the growth vigor of plants is weaker, and the eyes of the buds are easy to shrink and die in the spring of the next year.
Ethephon has the effects of promoting the plant to mature as soon as possible and promoting leaf buds to enter a dormant period; paclobutrazol has the effects of delaying plant growth and improving plant stress resistance. After the two hormones are added, the ethephon with proper concentration can improve the defoliating effect of the abscisic acid, the eyes of the plants are full after the paclobutrazol is used, the germination period in spring is delayed, the transplanting period is prolonged, the root system is developed, and the survival rate is high.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various changes, modifications, alterations, and substitutions which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting crape myrtle with small fruits is characterized in that: seeds of the lagerstroemia indica small fruit tree are obtained, sowing is carried out in autumn, and after the seeds germinate, plants are promoted to grow rapidly; in the later stage of winter, inducing the plant to enter a dormant state; and after spring of the next year, transplanting seedlings.
2. The method for growing crape myrtle berries according to claim 1, wherein: before sowing, the seeds are pretreated, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: firstly, seeds are put into warm water with the water temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the calcium chloride content of 1-2% w/v for soaking for 4-6 h, then the seeds are fished out and cleaned, and then the seeds are put into a germination promoting reagent and soaked in a constant-temperature water bath at the temperature of 40-43 ℃ for 30 min.
3. The method for growing crape myrtle berries according to claim 1, wherein: the formula of the germination promoting reagent is as follows: gibberellin 10mg/L, cytokinin 1.2mg/L, TDZ0.5mg/L, zeatin 0.1mg/L, methyl jasmonate 0.01mg/L, and allicin 5.5 mg/L.
4. The method for growing crape myrtle berries according to claim 1, wherein: uniformly mixing seeds and a sowing substrate according to a weight ratio of 2000:1, and then sowing, wherein the formula of the sowing substrate is as follows: 1-2 mm in diameter, namely, 6:1:3 of plant ash and fine river sand, adding 12g of zinc-substituted manganese oxide to each kilogram of matrix, and uniformly mixing.
5. The method for growing crape myrtle berries according to claim 1, wherein: and after sowing, controlling the growth temperature to be 25-28 ℃.
6. The method for growing crape myrtle berries according to claim 1, wherein: the method for promoting the rapid growth of the plants comprises the following steps: after the plants grow true leaves, spraying the mixed nutrient solution every two weeks, ventilating for 3h every day, and spraying and watering for 1 time every two days.
7. The method of planting crape myrtle with small fruits according to claim 6, wherein: the formula of the mixed nutrient solution is as follows: 84g of monopotassium phosphate, 67g of ammonium nitrate, 27g of calcium chloride, 31g of thiophanate methyl, 19g of mansonian, 14g of hymexazol, 21g of procymidone and 10g of polyoxin, and the mixture is diluted to 100L by adding water.
8. The method for growing crape myrtle berries according to claim 1, wherein: the method for inducing the plant to enter the dormant state comprises the following steps: gradually reducing the temperature in the arched shed to 8-12 ℃, and spraying a compound dormancy agent after the growth of the buds is stopped, so that the plants are transferred to the dormancy stage.
9. The method for growing crape myrtle berries according to claim 8, wherein: the formula of the compound dormancy agent is as follows: 32mg/L of abscisic acid, 180mg/L of paclobutrazol and 200mg/L of ethephon.
10. The method for growing crape myrtle berries according to claim 1, wherein: after the lowest temperature rises to more than 10 ℃ in the spring of the next year, transplanting seedlings.
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