CN113263805B - 一种阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113263805B
CN113263805B CN202110020268.1A CN202110020268A CN113263805B CN 113263805 B CN113263805 B CN 113263805B CN 202110020268 A CN202110020268 A CN 202110020268A CN 113263805 B CN113263805 B CN 113263805B
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dimensional fiber
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fiber web
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CN113263805A (zh
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蔡四良
蔡望帆
谢朝霞
欧阳清
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Hunan Shengye Geotechnical Materials Manufacturing Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及土工材料技术应用，具体涉及一种阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材及其制备方法。所述复合防水卷材具体包括改性高聚物层及其上下侧设置的三维纤维网层；所述改性高聚物层的原料组成为：改性乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物10‑30份、高密度聚乙烯30‑50份和茂金属聚乙烯10‑30份；所述改性乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物由乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物与丁基黄原酸经引发交联改性获得；所述三维纤维网层为PET纤维经开松、梳理成网、铺网、针刺获得。该复合材料能够将重金属离子吸附，实现重金属的阻隔，且具有良好的力学性能，耐高温、耐酸碱，可以广泛应用于土壤污染环境治理用土工材料。

Description

一种阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及土工材料技术应用，具体涉及一种阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材及其制备方法。
背景技术
重金属污染在采矿区域较为严重，导致其周围生活环境中重金属含量增加，超出正常范围，直接危害人体健康。
采矿、矿产冶炼以及垃圾填埋场区域将获得的矿产直接露天堆积，随着雨水的冲刷，重金属离子随着水会直接进入地下水，导致地下水重金属超标，另一方面使得该区域的土壤重金属污染严重。现有技术中主要采用土工布、排水网以及土工垫配合使用，铺设于底部，达到防渗的效果，但是铺设工程繁琐，且无法实现重金属的吸附处理。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明将三维纤维网与改性高聚物材料进行复合获得复合卷材，经特定的处理工艺后，使得三维纤维网具有独特曲径式排水网路，且改性高聚物具有特定的螯合基团，能够将其组合与高聚物防水板上，实现重金属吸附，且该复合卷材具有优良的力学性能，耐酸碱性能。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了一种阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材，所述复合防水卷材具体包括改性高聚物层及其上下侧设置的三维纤维网层；
所述改性高聚物层的原料组成为：改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物10-30份、高密度聚乙烯30-50份和茂金属聚乙烯10-30份；所述改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物由乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与丁基黄原酸经引发交联改性获得；
所述三维纤维网层为PET纤维经开松、梳理成网、铺网、针刺获得。
进一步的，所述三维纤维网层的孔径为0.01-0.1mm。
基于同一发明构思的，本发明还提供了一种阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材的制备方法，所述制备方法具体包括：
S1:将乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物和丁基黄原酸的混合溶液中加入引发剂过硫酸铵和交联剂N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺，加热搅拌反应后获得改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物；
S2:将PET纤维通过开松机开松后送入梳理机梳理成单层纤维网，并将所述单层纤维网送入交叉铺网机铺网，形成蓬松的三维纤维网，再将所述蓬松纤维网送入预针刺机和主针刺机机械针刺固结形成三维纤维网；
S3:将改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、高密度聚乙烯和茂金属聚乙烯混合，经挤压机在温度为120-150℃条件下熔融形成改性高聚物熔体，并均匀挤压流于三维纤维网上，再在改性高聚物层上覆盖三维纤维网层，获得三维纤维网-高聚物-三维纤维网复合物；
S4:将所述三维纤维网-高聚物-三维纤维网复合物通过低温冷轧辊冷轧压合，获得纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材。
进一步的，所述低温冷轧辊冷轧压合的工艺温度控制在5-15℃。
有益效果：
(1)本发明以PET纤维经开松、梳理成网、机械铺网、针刺而成的具有微小孔径(0.01-0.1mm)独特曲径式排水网路的三维纤维网，并配合改性高聚物层，改性后的高聚物具有重金属离子螯合基团，能够将重金属离子吸附，实现重金属的阻隔。
(2)本发明获得的阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材垂直渗透系数小，具体为(1.0～9.9)*(10-9～10-12)cm/s，具有良好的力学性能：耐静水压≥1.6MPa，断裂强度≥20.0KN/m，顶破强度≥3000N，伸长率≥40.0％，且具有耐高温、耐酸性性，在PH值为2～11的溶液中浸泡，产品强力保持率≥85.0％，可以广泛应用于土工材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材的结构示意图；
【标注说明】：
1、第一三维纤维网层；2、高聚物层；3、第二三维纤维网层。
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限定。
具体实施方式
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合具体实施例进行详细描述，但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义，下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的，并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明，本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1
如图1所示，本发明提供的阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材包括第一三维纤维网层、高聚物层和第二纤维网层。其制备方法如下：
S1:乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)改性处理：取EVA 50份，丁基黄原酸5份混合溶解后加入引发剂过硫酸钠和交联剂N，N-二甲基丙烯酰胺，在温度为85℃条件下反应4h后，获得改性EVA；
S2:将PET纤维通过开松机开松后送入梳理机梳理成单层纤维网，并将所述单层纤维网送入交叉铺网机铺网，形成蓬松的三维纤维网，再将所述蓬松纤维网送入预针刺机和主针刺机机械针刺固结形成三维纤维网；
S3:取改性EVA 10份、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)50份和茂金属聚乙烯(mPE)10份混合，加入挤压机中，在140℃条件下熔融形成改性高聚物熔体，并通过挤压机将改性高聚物熔体均匀挤压在三维纤维上的表面上，再将改性高聚物熔体的另一面覆盖另一三维纤维网，获得三维纤维网-高聚物-三维纤维网复合物；
S4:将所述三维纤维网-高聚物-三维纤维网复合物通过低温冷轧辊冷轧压合，冷轧温度控制在5℃，获得纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材。
实施例2
如图1所示，本发明提供的阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材包括第一三维纤维网层、高聚物层和第二纤维网层。其制备方法如下：
S1:EVA改性处理：取EVA 50份，丁基黄原酸5份混合溶解后加入引发剂过硫酸钠和交联剂N，N-二甲基丙烯酰胺，在温度为85℃条件下反应4h后，获得改性EVA；
S2:将PET纤维通过开松机开松后送入梳理机梳理成单层纤维网，并将所述单层纤维网送入交叉铺网机铺网，形成蓬松的三维纤维网，再将所述蓬松纤维网送入预针刺机和主针刺机机械针刺固结形成三维纤维网；
S3:取改性EVA20份、HDPE40份和mPE20份混合，加入挤压机中，在120℃条件下熔融形成改性高聚物熔体，并通过挤压机将改性高聚物熔体均匀挤压在三维纤维上的表面上，再将改性高聚物熔体的另一面覆盖另一三维纤维网，获得三维纤维网-高聚物-三维纤维网复合物；
S4:将所述三维纤维网-高聚物-三维纤维网复合物通过低温冷轧辊冷轧压合，冷轧温度控制在10℃，获得纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材。
实施例3
S1:EVA改性处理：取EVA 50份，丁基黄原酸5份混合溶解后加入引发剂过硫酸钠和交联剂N，N-二甲基丙烯酰胺，在温度为85℃条件下反应4h后，获得改性EVA；
S2:将PET纤维通过开松机开松后送入梳理机梳理成单层纤维网，并将所述单层纤维网送入交叉铺网机铺网，形成蓬松的三维纤维网，再将所述蓬松纤维网送入预针刺机和主针刺机机械针刺固结形成三维纤维网；
S3:取改性EVA 30份、HDPE30份和mPE30份混合，加入挤压机中，在150℃条件下熔融形成改性高聚物熔体，并通过挤压机将改性高聚物熔体均匀挤压在三维纤维上的表面上，再将改性高聚物熔体的另一面覆盖另一三维纤维网，获得三维纤维网-高聚物-三维纤维网复合物；
S4:将所述三维纤维网-高聚物-三维纤维网复合物通过低温冷轧辊冷轧压合，冷轧温度控制在15℃，获得纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材。
对比例1
将实施例2中的改性EVA替换成EVA，其他原料及制备方法与实施例2完全相同。
将实施例1-3获得的纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材进行力学性能、耐高温和耐酸碱性检测，以土工布国家测试标准测定上述参数，具体结果如表1所示。
表1纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材性能测试结果
组别 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
断裂强度(KN/m) 26.4 31.0 23.4
顶破强度(N) 3200 3400 3100
伸长率(％) 46.2 45.8 43.5
耐静水压(MPa) 1.73 1.76 1.63
耐高温 良好 良好 良好
耐酸碱 良好 良好 良好
垂直渗透系数 2.8*10-11 1.2*10-11 6.8*10-10
由表1可知，本发明获得的复合材料具有良好的力学性能、耐高温、耐酸碱性能，在PH值为2～11的溶液中浸泡，产品强力保持率≥85.0％，可以广泛应用于土工材料。
另将实施例1-3和对比例1获得的纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材进行重金属吸附阻隔实验，将所述复合防水卷材浸泡于重金属溶液中，24h后，测定重金属溶液的重金属离子浓度。经测定该实施例获得的复合防水卷材对重金属的去除率可达75-90％，对比例获得的材料的重金属的去除率为52％，因此本发明提供的纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材具有良好重金属吸附阻隔效果。
以上所述实施例，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种阻隔重金属纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材，其特征在于，所述复合防水卷材具体包括改性高聚物层及其上下侧设置的三维纤维网层；
所述改性高聚物层的原料组成为：改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物10-30份、高密度聚乙烯30-50份和茂金属聚乙烯10-30份；所述改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物由乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物与丁基黄原酸经引发交联改性获得；
所述三维纤维网层为PET纤维经开松、梳理成网、铺网、针刺获得；
所述三维纤维网层的孔径为0.01-0.1mm；
所述复合防水卷材制备方法如下：
S1:乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)改性处理：取EVA50份，丁基黄原酸5份混合溶解后加入引发剂过硫酸钠和交联剂N，N-二甲基丙烯酰胺，在温度为85℃条件下反应4h后，获得改性EVA；
S2:将PET纤维通过开松机开松后送入梳理机梳理成单层纤维网，并将所述单层纤维网送入交叉铺网机铺网，形成蓬松的三维纤维网，再将所述蓬松纤维网送入预针刺机和主针刺机机械针刺固结形成三维纤维网；
S3:取改性EVA20份、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)40份和茂金属聚乙烯(mPE)20份混合，加入挤压机中，在120℃条件下熔融形成改性高聚物熔体，并通过挤压机将改性高聚物熔体均匀挤压在三维纤维上的表面上，再将改性高聚物熔体的另一面覆盖另一三维纤维网，获得三维纤维网-高聚物-三维纤维网复合物；
S4:将所述三维纤维网-高聚物-三维纤维网复合物通过低温冷轧辊冷轧压合，冷轧温度控制在10℃，获得纤维网/高聚物复合防水卷材。
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