CN113260735B - 用于在塑料加工应用中的增强性能和延长寿命的涂层 - Google Patents
用于在塑料加工应用中的增强性能和延长寿命的涂层 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113260735B CN113260735B CN201980074490.0A CN201980074490A CN113260735B CN 113260735 B CN113260735 B CN 113260735B CN 201980074490 A CN201980074490 A CN 201980074490A CN 113260735 B CN113260735 B CN 113260735B
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Abstract
在塑料加工应用中所用的改进的涂层,包括第一层系和第二层系,第一层系包含至少一个耐蚀材料层,第二层系包含至少一个耐磨材料层,还包括设置在第一层和第二层之间的过渡层。该涂层既耐磨也耐蚀,同时保持延展性和抗冲击性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涂层,确切说涉及用在塑料加工应用中的涂层。
背景技术
诸如注射成型或挤出的塑料加工应用包括金属工具可能与塑料发生物理接触的各不同阶段。这种接触会造成工具例如注塑模具遭受腐蚀连带磨损的破坏。由塑料带来的腐蚀性介质可能来自塑料的各种成分例如柔软剂、颜料和游离盐酸。与此同时,在不同的塑料加工应用中使用玻璃纤维增强塑料,例如用于汽车业的注塑成型零件的日益增长的利益导致了工具磨损加剧。玻璃纤维含量大于30%的玻璃纤维增强塑料是极具磨蚀性的并缩短了工具寿命。可以将这些类型的聚合物想象为由流体携带的多压头,其通过微切割和微犁耕造成磨损,并通过塑性变形和材料去除而造成固体颗粒冲击。图1示出这种玻璃纤维增强塑料的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)截面图像。玻璃纤维在工具表面上的移动会引起刮擦,其降低了模具和随后生产的塑料零件的表面质量。这导致需要维护,例如抛光工具表面,或者导致工具彻底失效。
为了在塑料加工应用期间保护工具以免受腐蚀连带磨损的破坏,迄今已经试验了几种涂层和沉积技术,例如超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)、硬铬或镍磷金属涂层、物理气相沉积(PVD)或化学气相沉积(CVD)钛、铝和其它碳化物或氮化物层。通过PVD所沉积的陶瓷涂层因为它们在理论上可同时显示出高硬度和化学惰性而备受关注。因此在理论上,陶瓷涂层应将基材与侵蚀性环境分隔开,因此保护了基材。尽管如此,仍翔实记载了在许多类型的钢上使用陶瓷涂层在大多数时间只能略微地,如果有的话,增强在腐蚀性环境中的钢基材耐腐蚀性。如图2所示,施加到基材30上的PVD涂层20包括许多缺陷,例如小孔40。这些缺陷为腐蚀性介质、氯离子提供了到达基材的快速扩散路径,并在涂层和基材的界面处形成原电池,这是因为陶瓷涂层在电化学上比大多数基材材料(例如钢)更稳定。界面处的腐蚀速度可能非常高,因为作为负极的涂层相对于作为正极的裸露基材上的很小面积具有大面积。因此,涂层不能再保护基材。腐蚀沿着涂层和基材之间的界面侧向扩展,导致了涂层的部分毁坏或分层50以及在基材上的腐蚀磨损景象,最终导致涂层完全失效,在这里,观察到涂层全部或几乎全部毁坏或分层60和基材腐蚀。
此外,由于在应用过程中的高施加载荷或冲击而造成的脆性陶瓷涂层的磨蚀侵袭和开裂可进一步加速涂层的腐蚀失效。因此,在具有极高耐磨性的玻璃纤维增强塑料的加工中,同时要求高的耐蚀性以及一定程度的延展性和抗冲击性。
发明目的
本发明的目的是缓解或克服与现有技术有关的一个或多个困难。特别是,本发明的目的是提供一种涂层用于有效且安全地保护工具,特别是用在塑料加工中的工具,以免受腐蚀连带磨损的侵害。
发明内容
以下给出简要概述以提供对本文所述的实施例的基本理解。此描述既不是广泛概述,也不打算标识关键元素或要素。其唯一目的是以简化形式提出一些概念,作为稍后呈现的更详细描述的序言。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种用于基材的涂层。该涂层包括:第一层,其包括至少一个耐蚀材料层;第二层,其包括至少一个耐磨材料层;过渡层,其设置在第一层和第二层之间,其中,第一层比第二层更靠近基材被沉积。因为第一层被设计成包含至少一个耐蚀材料层(以下也称之为耐腐蚀材料层),故第一层必然被理解为由一层或多层形成的层系。同样,因为第二层被设计为包含至少一个耐磨材料层(以下也称之为耐磨损材料层),故第二层必然被理解为由一层或多层形成的层系。该过渡层也必然被理解为由一层或多层构成的层系,例如其可以由一个或多个梯度层形成。
因此,上述的本发明涂层也应理解为包括:
-由一层或多层形成的第一涂层系,其中,所述第一层系包含至少一个耐蚀层;
-由一层或多层形成的第二涂层系,其中,所述第二层系包含至少一个耐磨层(也称为耐磨损层);和
-由一层或多层形成的过渡层系,其中,所述过渡层系设置在第一层系和第二层系之间,所述过渡层系中的一层或多层例如可以是梯度层,但也可以是非梯度层,以及梯度层与非梯度层的组合。
在第一方面的另一例子中,所述第一层是第一层系的一部分,其比第二层更靠近基材沉积,所述第一层系包含一个或多个耐蚀层,其中,至少一个耐蚀层是AlCrO层。
在第一方面的另一个例子中,所述第二层是第二层系的一部分,所述第二层系比第一层系更远离基材沉积,所述第二层系包含一个或多个耐磨层,其中,至少一个耐磨层为CrON层。
在第一方面的另一例子中,所述过渡层是过渡层系的一部分,所述过渡层系包含一个或多个过渡层,其中,至少一个过渡层是CrON层。
在第一方面的另一例子中,所述过渡层系包含Cr2O3层。
在第一方面的另一例子中,所述第二层系包含至少一个CrN层。
在第一方面的另一例子中,所述第二层系包含至少一个CrO层。
在第一方面的另一例子中,所述第二层系包含作为最外层沉积的至少一个Cr2O3层。
在第一方面的另一例子中,第一层系包括被沉积在所述基材与AlCrO层之间的至少一个AlCrN层。
在第一方面的另一例子中,至少一个附着层被沉积在所述基材与第一层之间或在所述基材与第一层系之间。
在第一方面的另一个例子中,所述至少一个附着层是CrN层。
在第一方面的另一个例子中,所述第一层或第一层系包含以下材料的一层或多层:铝铬氧化物(AlCrO)、氮氧化铝铬(AlCrON)、氧化铬(CrOx)和铬(III)氧化物(Cr2O3)。
在第一方面的另一个例子中,所述第二层或第二层系包含以下材料的一个或多个层:铬(Cr)、氮化铬(CrN)、氮氧化铬(CrON)、氧化铬(CrOx)和铬(III)氧化物(Cr2O3)。
在第一方面的另一例子中,所述第二层系的硬度在29GPa和33GPa之间。
在第一方面的另一例子中,所述第一层或第一层系是包含AlCrO、AlCrON、CrOx和Cr2O3中至少一种的多层部分。
在第一方面的另一例子中,所述第二层或第二层系是包含Cr、CrN、CrON、CrOx和Cr2O3中至少一种的多层部分。
在本发明的第二方面,披露了一种基材,其具有如上所述的涂层,其中,其上沉积有涂层的表面由包含黑色金属的材料制成。
在第二方面的另一例子中,其上沉积有涂层的表面由包含钢的材料制成或由钢类材料制成。
在本发明的第三方面,提供一种基材涂覆方法。该方法包括:提供基材;用多层耐蚀材料涂覆基材;用至少一个过渡层涂覆多层耐蚀材料;用多层耐磨材料涂覆所述至少一个过渡层。
从以下详细说明、附图和权利要求书中,其它特征和方面可能是一清二楚的。
具体说明
图1示出玻璃纤维增强塑料的现有技术的横截面图像。
图2示出具有腐蚀景象和腐蚀失效的现有技术的涂覆基材。
图3示意性示出根据本发明一个实施例的沉积在基材110表面上的本发明涂层105的例子,其中:第二层系140是包含例如Cr、CrN、CrON、CrOx或Cr2O3类型层的多层膜;第一层系120是包含例如AlCrO、AlCrON、Cr2O3类型层的多层膜;在第一层系120和第二层系140之间沉积一个或多个过渡层130。
图4示出耐磨性试验的结果,其示出采用涂覆有现有技术的AlTiN和AlCrN类型的对比涂层的基材以及采用根据本发明一个实施例的新型多层涂层,在相同条件下产生的磨损深度演变的对比。在该图中,还没有任何涂层表现出涂层失效。
图5示出耐蚀性试验的结果,其示出采用涂覆有现有技术的AlTiN和AlCrN类型的对比涂层的基材以及采用根据本发明一个实施例的新型多层涂层,在相同条件下产生的腐蚀景象和在某些情况下甚至是涂层失效的对比。
在整个附图和详细描述中,除非另有说明,否则相同的附图标记将被理解为提到相同的元件、特征和结构。为了清楚、说明和方便起见,可能会夸大这些元件的相对尺寸和绘图。
描述了包含本发明的一个或多个实施例的例子,并且如果适用,在附图中示出所述例子。这些所描述和/或所示出的例子并非意在限制。例如,本发明实施例的一个或多个方面可被用在其它实施例中,甚至是在其它类型的基材(例如工具、部件或设备)中。
本文描述了具有多层的涂层体系结构和材料选择的例子,其显示出高耐磨性和高耐蚀性以及延展性和耐冲击性。腐蚀侵袭通常出现在涂层和基材之间界面处。因此,可以在该界面处提供多层涂层的耐蚀部分或耐蚀层。现在转至图3,示出了耐蚀部分100的例子(例如涂覆有包含根据本发明的耐蚀部分的涂层的部件、工具或设备的一部分)。在此例子中,耐蚀耐磨涂层105被施加到基材110上。基材110可以是具有黑色金属表面例如钢或铸铁的工具如注塑模具。但是,涂层105也可被施加到有色金属表面。涂层105包括第一层系120,第一层系120包括至少一个耐蚀层,以这种方式表现出耐蚀性能。例如第一层系120可以包含一层或多层的铝铬氧化物(AlCrO)、氮氧化铝铬(AlCrON)、氧化铬(CrOx)和/或铬(III)氧化物(Cr2O3)。这种耐蚀性氧化物和氮氧化物层充当绝缘体以缓解电子向外扩散,并且还充当用于阻止腐蚀性离子从环境向内扩散的屏障。这些层防止或减缓腐蚀性离子的扩散。
可以在第一层系120上面提供第二层系140。第二层系140可作为单层或包括一个或多个耐磨层的多层来沉积以由此表现出耐磨性。第二层系140保护基材110免受摩擦磨损,并且形成第一层系120的至少一个耐蚀层保护基材免受腐蚀磨损,这样一来,本发明的涂层105除了良好耐蚀性外还向基材110提供在应用过程中抵抗机械载荷和磨损的能力。具体地说,第二层系120可以包括以下层中的一个或多个用于形成多层:铬(Cr)、氮化铬(CrN)、氮氧化铬(CrON)、氧化铬(CrOx)和/或铬(III)氧化物(Cr2O3)。
所形成的涂层可以具有31±2GPa的高硬度,其中涂层可以如此沉积,即其表现出多层结构,该多层结构包括具有在微米范围内和/或在纳米范围内的各单独层厚的单独层。这种结构显示出较高的延展性和裂纹偏转以及高的耐磨性和机械载荷耐受能力。如图3所示,可以在第一层120和第二层140之间设置至少一个过渡层130以缓解耐蚀和耐磨部分的分层。由于层具有不同的晶体结构和晶格参数以及化学组成,故精确过渡(包括一个或多个过渡层)对于例如通过增强第一层系120与第二层系140之间的附着来改善涂层105内的结合是重要的。
进行试验以评估与现有技术的对比涂层相比的本发明例子的涂层(本发明的新的多层涂层)对玻璃纤维增强塑料的耐磨性。现在转到图4,在利用100N的垂直载荷经过120公里距离的干式滑动试验中相对于具有50%玻璃纤维含量的聚酰胺来试验涂覆的钢基材。图4呈现出根据图3所公开的实施例的涂层,与传统的(现有技术)氮化铝铬型(AlCrN)和还有氮化钛铝型(TiAlN)的耐磨PVD涂层对比的磨损深度。能清楚看到本发明涂层在耐磨性方面的出色性能。
为了评估根据图3所示实施方式的本发明涂层与相同的上述两种传统(现有技术)耐磨PVD涂层相对比的耐蚀性,进行了中性盐雾试验(NSST)。该涂层被施加到由具有0.4原子%的Cr的1.2842冷加工钢制成的基材上。少量的Cr允许在基材(钢)和含铬涂层之间的更高电势,因此允许更高的在NSST期间的腐蚀程度和腐蚀速度。可以从图5中看到,传统的AlCrN和AlTiN涂层在许多点显示出严重的点蚀。这种点蚀在接下来的几天中迅速扩展。到了第6天,来自基材的氧化铁几乎覆盖了涂层的整个表面。与之相比,根据图3所述的实施例的本发明涂层在第一天显示出非常少的小蚀点。此外,这直到第6天都保持稳定,在这一天未观察到进一步的腐蚀点或腐蚀扩展。
以上已经描述了本发明涂层和可用作本发明涂层中的层的材料的多个例子。但人们将会理解的是可以做出各种修改。例如,如果所述元素以不同的方式被组合和/或被其它元素或其等同物替代或补充,可以获得合适的结果。因此,其它实现方案在以下的权利要求书的范围内。
本发明的一个优选实施方式涉及一种涂层,其包括:第一层系,第二层系和至少一个过渡层,其中,
-第一层系包含至少一个AlCrN层,并且优选还包括至少一个AlCrO层,作为耐蚀层,
-第二层系包含至少一个CrON层,且优选还包括至少一个CrN层和/或一个CrO层,以及
-由沉积在所述第一层系和第二层系之间的一个或多个过渡层形成的过渡层系,其中,所述过渡层系包含至少一个Cr2O3过渡层和/或至少一个CrON过渡层,其中,这些过渡层可以作为梯度层,或作为非梯度层,或作为梯度层和非梯度层的组合被沉积。
上述的本发明实施方式和优选实施例中的每一个也都可以包括一个或多个沉积在所述基材和第一层系之间的附着层以改善第一层系对基材的附着,优选可以使用CrN层作为附着层。该附着层,或在沉积一个以上附着层的情况下,这些附着层的总厚度优选不大于1微米。但这个附着层的层厚或这些附着层的总层厚也可以大于1微米,但优选不大于1.5微米。
本发明的上述实施方式和优选实施例中的每一个都可以包括Cr2O3层作为涂层的顶层,这意味着作为第二层系的最外层以改善性能,特别是关于耐磨损的性能。优选地,最外层被沉积为具有1微米以上的层厚度,但是,该最外层的层厚也可以小于1微米,但优选不小于0.5微米。
第一层系的厚度优选大于1微米,更优选大于2微米。然而,第一层系的层厚也可以小于1微米,但优选不小于0.5微米。
第二层系的厚度优选大于2微米,更优选大于2.5微米。然而,第一层系的层厚也可以小于2微米,但优选不小于1.5微米。
第二层系的厚度优选大于第一层厚度的层厚。
优选如此沉积本发明涂层,即,总涂层厚度为1至30微米,更优选为2.5微米至20微米。但优选涂层厚度范围不应被理解为是本发明的限制。通常,总涂层厚度以及单独层或层系的厚度可以根据工具应用或基材使用来选择。
根据本发明的涂层尤其适用于改善被用于制造由塑料材料如聚酯材料制造的零件的注塑模具的性能和延长其使用寿命。
为了更详细表示用本发明涂层所获得的改善,下面将作为展示涂层来描述另一个例子:
此展示涂层通过使用反应性阴极电弧蒸发型的物理气相沉积(PVD)技术被沉积在注射成型工具(如注塑模具或注塑模具部分)的要与工件材料接触的表面上。在涂层沉积过程中,Cr靶和/或AlCr靶在含作为反应性气体的氮气和/或氧气的涂覆室中被电弧蒸发。在此特定的展示例子中,AlCr靶被选择为具有按原子百分比计的70原子%的A1和30原子%的Cr的元素组成。展示涂层被沉积为包含直接沉积在待涂覆注塑模制工具表面上的CrN附着层,随后是包含一层AlCrN和一层AlCrO的第一层系(在本发明语境中也称为耐蚀层系)被沉积在附着层上,随后在第一层系上沉积一个过渡层系(过渡层系=两个或以上过渡层),该过渡层系包含一个Cr2O3过渡层和一个CrON过渡层,随后在该过渡层系上沉积第二层系(在本发明语境中也称为耐磨层系),该第二层系包括彼此交替沉积的多层作为层序,每个层序包括CrN层、CrON层和CrO层,并且还包括一个Cr2O3层作为最外层。对于例如如图6所示的某些真实应用试验,展示涂层被沉积为具有6和8微米之间的总涂层厚度。
本发明的涂层可被施加在先前被氮化的基材上,例如注塑模制工具的先前被氮化的表面上。
本发明的涂层优选通过任何PVD方法来沉积,例如优选将基材温度保持在250℃至450℃之间的电弧PVD或溅射PVD。但是,涂覆过程中的优选基材温度不应被理解为是本发明的限制。
优选地,通过在基材上施加DC基材偏电压来执行氮化物层(例如CrN和AlCrN)的沉积,而含氧层(例如诸如CrO、Cr2O3和CrON的氧化物或氮氧化物层)的沉积优选通过施加双极偏电压来进行。
优选地,为了沉积随后被彼此重叠沉积的包含氮和/或氧的层,进入涂覆室的氮气流量和氧气流量被相应渐增和/或渐减以产生一系列层或简单地是彼此重叠沉积的多层,例如为了沉积先是一个CrN层,然后是CrON层,接着是一个CrO层,于是可以首先通过保持所确定的进入涂覆室的氮气流来气化铬靶以沉积CrN层,随后可以在涂覆室中输入并逐渐增大氧气流量,同时可以保持或逐渐减小氮气流量以沉积CrON层,最后可以逐渐减小氮气流量直至0sccm,同时维持或逐渐增大或减小氧气流量至所确定的氧气流量,来沉积CrO层。可以相反地进行相似的加工过程以沉积相反的层序,例如CrO→CrON→CrN。
本发明的涂层适用于涂覆任何类型的基材材料。在塑料成型工艺(如注塑成型和挤出)领域中的应用情况下,基材材料主要是不同类型的钢。
在含氧层的沉积过程中,尤其在氧化物层的沉积过程中,发明人建议使用针对正被使用的涂覆设备和涂覆条件,例如靶材类型和被气化的靶数量,所调节了的氧气流量。建议找到氧气流量范围,在该范围内,机械性能以及涂层形态的密度适用于既定应用。涂覆室内的过高氧气含量会导致差的机械性能以及所沉积的含氧层的不太致密形态。
在沉积一些包含例如CrN→CrNO→CrO类型层序的本发明涂层的过程中,氧气流量增大而氮气流量减小。例如,对于CrNO层和CrO层的沉积,氧气流量从200sccm增大到600sccm,对于CrN层和CrNO层的沉积,氮气流量从1100sccm减小到100sccm。为了相反序列的沉积,例如CrO→CrNO→CrN,氧气流量和氮气流量也同样增大和减小,但按照相反的方式。
图6示出通过涂覆有以与上述所展示的涂层相同的方式沉积的本发明涂层的四个注塑模具(在图6中标识为模具1、模具2、模具3和模具4)和一个涂覆有AlTiN型现有技术涂层的注塑模具的注塑成型(在实际条件下的应用试验)所获得的结果。这些结果允许量化通过本发明所获得的改善,其比较了用涂覆有AlTiN的模具和根据本发明所涂覆的模具所实现的注射成型射料次数(制成零件,在这种情况下是制成的电开关)。
如图6所示的图表所示,对于用现有技术的AlTiN涂层所涂覆的模具,在涂覆模具变得不再能够使用之前,只能获得40000至50000次射料(平均寿命约为50000次)。对于用本发明涂层所涂覆的模具,改善相当显著,甚至在一种情况下超过400%,并且这些涂覆有本发明涂层的模具仍然可用。在这些试验中所使用的工件材料是具有30%玻璃纤维的不饱和聚酯,制成零件是电开关。
一种沉积于基材上的涂层,该涂层包括第一层或第一层系,其包含至少一个耐蚀材料层;第二层或第二层系,其包含至少一个耐磨材料层;以及设置在第一层和第二层之间的过渡层,其中,本发明已经公开了第一层或第一层系比第二层或第二层系更靠近基材被沉积。
所述涂层与仅具有耐磨部分如…CrN/CrON/CrN/CrON...类型的多层结构的涂层相比有优势,所述耐磨部分仅提供良好的耐磨性,但提供差的耐蚀性。
包含更靠近基材的耐蚀部分例如至少一个AlCrO层改善了耐蚀性,因为AlCrO层作为腐蚀屏障。此外,通过在AlCrO层与基材之间包含AlCrN层,可以获得腐蚀屏障效果,还改善了涂层对基材的附着。同样,通过包含例如CrN型的附着层,可以获得耐蚀部分对基材的更好的附着。
所述过渡层通过改善在涂层的耐蚀部分与耐磨部分之间的附着来改善涂层的结合。
Cr2O3最外层的使用提高了涂层性能,特别是在包含塑料材料加工在内的应用中,例如注塑成型,因为AlCrO减小在工件加工过程中附着于塑料材料的倾向(因为对塑料材料的较小化学亲和力的作用)。
所述第一层或第一层系优选包含以下材料的一个或多个层:铝铬氧化物(AlCrO)、氧氮化铝铬(AlCrON)、氧化铬(CrOx)和铬(III)氧化物(Cr2O3)。
所述第二层或第二层系优选包含以下材料的一层或多层:铬(Cr)、氮化铬(CrN)、氮氧化铬(CrON)、氧化铬(CrOx)和铬(III)氧化物(Cr2O3)。
优选地,所述第二层或第二层系具有通过用已知的纳米压痕技术所测得的在29GPa至33GPa之间的硬度。
在一个实施方式中,所述第一层或第一层系可以是包含AlCrO、AlCrON、CrOx和Cr2O3中的至少一种的多层部分。
在一个实施方式中,所述第二层或第二层系可以是包含Cr、CrN、CrON,CrOx和Cr2O3中的至少一种的多层部分。
所述第一层或第一层系旨在将该基材与电子向外扩散和腐蚀性离子从环境向内扩散隔绝开。
所述过渡层或过渡层系旨在缓解第一层和第二层之间的分层。
所述第一层或第一层系的化学组成不同于所述第二层或第二层系的化学组成。
在一个实施方式中,所述第一层或第一层系的晶体结构和晶格参数可以不同于所述第二层或第二层系的晶体结构和晶格参数。
本发明还涉及一种基材涂覆方法,包括:
提供基材;
在该基材上施加多层耐蚀部分;
在所述多层耐蚀部分上施加至少一个过渡层;
在所述至少一个过渡层上施加多层耐磨部分。
涂覆有本发明涂层的基材可以包含其上沉积有涂层的黑色金属表面。
在另一实施方式中,所述多层耐蚀部分包含以下材料中的至少一种:AlCrO、AlCrON、CrOx和Cr2O3,和/或所述多层耐磨部分包含以下材料中的至少一种:Cr、CrN、CrON、CrOx和Cr2O3。
特别是,根据本发明的涂层可被用在塑料加工应用中。该涂层既耐磨也耐腐蚀,同时保持延展性和抗冲击性。
根据本发明的涂层的一个优选实施方式,本发明的涂层被沉积在基材表面上并且其特征是包括:
第一层,其包含至少一个耐蚀材料层;
第二层,其包含至少一个耐磨材料层;和
过渡层,其设置在所述第一层和第二层之间,
其中,所述第一层比第二层更靠近该基材沉积,
其中,
第一层是第一层系的一部分,该第一层系比第二层更靠近基材沉积,所述第一层系包含一个或多个耐蚀层,其中,一个耐腐蚀层优选是AlCrO层。
优选地,所述第二层是第二层系的一部分,该第二层系比第一层系更远离该基材沉积,所述第二层系包含一个或多个耐磨层,一个耐磨层是CrON层。
优选地,所述过渡层是过渡层系的一部分,所述过渡层系包含一个或多个过渡层,一个过渡层是CrON层。
优选地,所述过渡层系包含Cr2O3层。优选地,所述第二层系包含至少一个CrN层和/或至少一个CrO层。
优选地,所述第二层系包含至少一个作为最外层沉积的Cr2O3层。
优选地,当第一层系包含至少一个AlCrO层时,在所述基材和AlCrO层之间沉积至少一个AlCrN层。
优选地,至少一个附着层被沉积在所述基材与第一层之间或在所述基材与第一层系之间。
优选地,所述至少一个附着层是CrN层。
Claims (18)
1.一种沉积在用于塑料加工的工具表面上的涂层,其特征在于,所述涂层包括:
第一层;
第二层;和
过渡层,其设置在所述第一层和所述第二层之间,
其中,所述第一层、所述第二层和所述过渡层各自为由一层或多层形成的第一层系、第二层系和过渡层系;
所述第一层系比所述第二层系更靠近所述工具表面被沉积,所述第一层系包含一个或多个耐蚀层,该耐蚀层包含AlCrO、AlCrON和CrOx中的一层或多层;
所述第二层系包含一个或多个耐磨层,至少一个耐磨层是CrON层;
所述过渡层系中的至少一个过渡层是CrON层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂层,其中,至少一个耐蚀层包含Cr2O3层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涂层,其中,至少一个耐蚀层是AlCrO层。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的涂层,其中,所述过渡层系包含Cr2O3层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的涂层,其中,所述第二层系包含至少一个CrN层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的涂层,其中,所述第二层系包含至少一个CrO层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的涂层,其中,所述第二层系包含作为最外层沉积的至少一个Cr2O3层。
8.根据权利要求3所述的涂层,其中,所述第一层系包含沉积在所述工具表面与所述AlCrO层之间的至少一个AlCrN层。
9.根据权利要求1或3所述的涂层,其中,至少一个附着层被沉积在所述工具表面与所述第一层之间或在所述工具表面与所述第一层系之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的涂层,其中,所述至少一个附着层是CrN层。
11.根据权利要求1或3所述的涂层,其中,所述第二层或所述第二层系包含以下材料的一层或多层:铬、氮化铬、氮氧化铬和氧化铬。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂层,其中,所述第二层或所述第二层系包含一层或多层铬(III)氧化物。
13.根据权利要求1或3所述的涂层,其中,所述第二层或所述第二层系具有在29GPa和33GPa之间的硬度。
14.根据权利要求1或3所述的涂层,其中,所述第二层或所述第二层系是包含Cr、CrN、CrON、CrOx中的至少一个的多层部分。
15.根据权利要求1或2所述的涂层,其中,所述第二层或所述第二层系是包含Cr2O3的多层部分。
16.一种用于塑料加工的工具,其特征在于,具有根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的涂层,其中,其上沉积有所述涂层的表面由包含黑色金属的材料制成。
17.一种用于塑料加工的工具,其特征在于,具有根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的涂层,其中,其上沉积有所述涂层的表面由包含钢的材料制成。
18.一种用于塑料加工的工具,其特征在于,具有根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的涂层,其中,其上沉积有所述涂层的表面由钢类材料制成。
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KR20210092770A (ko) | 2021-07-26 |
JP7482863B2 (ja) | 2024-05-14 |
JP2022507435A (ja) | 2022-01-18 |
CN113260735A (zh) | 2021-08-13 |
BR112021009483A2 (pt) | 2021-08-10 |
MX2021005741A (es) | 2021-08-19 |
WO2020099605A1 (en) | 2020-05-22 |
US20220002880A1 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
EP3880869A1 (en) | 2021-09-22 |
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