CN113234103B - 磷腈阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6564—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/6581—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having phosphorus atoms, with or without nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium atoms, as ring hetero atoms having phosphorus and nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen or sulfur atoms, as ring hetero atoms
- C07F9/65812—Cyclic phosphazenes [P=N-]n, n>=3
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Abstract
本发明公开了磷腈阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用,属于阻燃剂技术领域。将原料I或原料II和六氯环三磷腈溶于有机溶剂中,在缚酸剂的作用下反应,所述原料I为2‑氨基噻唑,所述原料II为4,4’‑二羟基联苯、4,4’‑二羟基二苯甲酮、4,4’‑(1,4‑苯二氧基)二酚、4,4’‑二羟基二苯醚基甲酮中的任一种。结构式I是由原料I制备的阻燃剂,其用于环氧树脂具有高效的阻燃抑烟功效。结构式II是由原料II制备的阻燃剂,其用于环氧树脂,不但具有高效的阻燃抑烟功效,而且有效提高环氧树脂力学性能,特别是可以将环氧树脂冲击强度提高2倍以上。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于阻燃剂及其制备和应用技术领域,具体涉及两种磷腈阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术:
阻燃剂,是指赋予易燃聚合物难燃性的功能性助剂,主要是针对高分子材料的阻燃改性设计的。近年来,为避免含卤阻燃剂难以消除的环境毒性积累及二噁英等有害气体的产生,发展无卤阻燃环氧树脂体系成为阻燃材料领域重要的方向之一。其中,有机磷系阻燃剂是重要的无卤阻燃剂体系,拥有丰富的种类。例如磷酸酯类、聚磷酸铵、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)。但这些阻燃剂普遍难以同时满足高效阻燃及抑烟的要求,而且会破坏基材力学性能。环三磷腈类阻燃剂通常具有优异的热稳定性,但现有环三磷腈类阻燃剂制备工艺复杂,同时阻燃效率和抑烟效率不高,为了提高阻燃效果而大量使用时也会破坏基材力学性能。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供两种磷腈阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用,解决了目前阻燃剂的阻燃效率、抑烟效率不高,大量添加导致基材力学性能降低的问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明涉及的磷腈阻燃剂,具有以下结构式:
其中,R结构为:
中的任一种。
所述磷腈阻燃剂制备方法为:将原料I或原料II和六氯环三磷腈溶于有机溶剂中,在缚酸剂的作用下反应,所述原料I为2-氨基噻唑,所述原料II为4,4’-二羟基联苯、4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮、4,4’-(1,4-苯二氧基)二酚、4,4’-二羟基二苯醚基甲酮中的任一种。
具体地,所述有机溶剂包括但不限于四氢呋喃、乙腈、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的任一种。所述缚酸剂包括但不限于三乙胺、碳酸钾、吡啶中的任一种。
具体地,所述结构式I(六氨基噻唑环三磷腈)具有互变异构的结构式:
本发明所述结构式I(六氨基噻唑环三磷腈)的制备方法为:
将溶有2-氨基噻唑的有机溶剂和缚酸剂添加到配有机械搅拌器,回流冷凝器和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀,缓慢滴加溶有六氯环三磷腈的有机溶剂,然后将混合物加热至回流温度并搅拌至反应完全。
具体地,上述制备方法中,所述2-胺基噻唑:缚酸剂:六氯环三磷腈的摩尔比为(6-6.2):(6.2-7):1。
本发明所述结构式II(含芳醚/酮基的环交联型聚磷腈)的制备方法为:
将原料II和缚酸剂溶于有机溶剂中,在超声或搅拌作用下,加入含有六氯环三磷腈的有机溶剂,在一定温度下交联聚合沉淀反应制备。
具体地,上述制备方法中,所述超声波功率为50~300W,反应温度为20~80℃。
所述磷腈阻燃剂作为阻燃剂应用于环氧树脂、聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯等聚合物材料。所述阻燃环氧树脂应用时用于浇注体、纤维增强复合材料、黏结剂、涂料和电子封装材料;所述阻燃聚烯烃、聚酰胺、阻燃聚碳酸酯应用于电线电缆、电子电气、结构材料等领域。
本发明所述磷腈阻燃剂相对于现有技术具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的一种六氨基噻唑环三磷腈具有制备工艺简单,磷氮含量高,并且还有多个仲胺基团,在环氧树脂中具有反应活性,可以有效参与环氧树脂反应,提高树脂交联密度。在添加量仅为3%~7%时即可使环氧树脂通过垂直燃烧V-1或V-0等级,毒性烟气释放大幅度降低,具有高效的阻燃抑烟功效。
(2)本发明提供的一种含芳醚/酮基的环交联型聚磷腈制备工艺简单,在添加量仅为0.5%~3%时即可使环氧树脂通过垂直燃烧V-1等级,毒性烟气释放大幅降低,具有高效的阻燃抑烟功效,并且含芳醚/酮基的环交联型聚磷腈由于特殊微纳粒子结构一方面在树脂体系内均匀分散,可以吸收外力能量,抵消应力集中,另一方面粒子表面残留酚羟基可以参与环氧树脂固化反应,有效提高环氧树脂力学性能,特别是可以将环氧树脂冲击强度提高2倍以上。
附图说明:
图1是本发明实施例2制备的六胺基噻唑基环三磷腈质谱图。
图2是本发明实施例7制备的聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮)扫描电镜图。
图3是本发明实施例7制备的聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮)的热分解曲线图。
图4是本发明实施例7所制备的聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮)的红外谱图。
图5是本发明实施例9所制备的聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-(1,4-苯二氧基)二酚)的红外谱图。
具体实施方式:
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明的技术方案进行详细的描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施方式,都属于本发明所保护的范围。
实施例1
阻燃剂六氨基噻唑环三磷腈的制备方法:
将2-氨基噻唑(18.02g,0.18mol)、三乙胺(18.82g,0.186mol)和400mL四氢呋喃加入到1000mL、配有机械搅拌器、回流冷凝器和温度计的三口烧瓶中。将六氯环三磷腈(10.43g,0.03mol)溶解在四氢呋喃(100mL)中,在室温下缓慢滴加到上述溶液。再将混合溶液在70℃加热反应10h。过滤得到的粗产品并使用去离子水和乙醇清洗三次,最后在50℃真空干燥12h,得到六氨基噻唑基环三磷腈(产率,82%)。(2-胺基噻唑:三乙胺:六氯环三磷腈摩尔比为6:6.2:1)
实施例2
阻燃剂六氨基噻唑环三磷腈的制备方法:
将2-氨基噻唑(18.61g,0.186mol)、三乙胺(21.25g,0.21mol)和400mL四氢呋喃加入到1000mL、配有机械搅拌器、回流冷凝器和温度计的三口烧瓶中。将六氯环三磷腈(10.43g,0.03mol)溶解在四氢呋喃(100mL)中,在室温下缓慢滴加到上述溶液。再将混合溶液70℃加热反应10h。过滤得到的粗产品并使用去离子水和乙醇清洗三次,最后在50℃真空干燥12h,得到六氨基噻唑基环三磷腈(产率,90%)。(2-胺基噻唑:三乙胺:六氯环三磷腈摩尔比为6.2:7:1)
实施例3
阻燃剂六氨基噻唑环三磷腈的制备方法:
将2-氨基噻唑(18.32g,0.183mol)、碳酸钾(26.95g,0.195mol)和400mL乙腈加入到1000mL、配有机械搅拌器、回流冷凝器和温度计的三口烧瓶中。将六氯环三磷腈(10.43g,0.03mol)溶解在乙腈(100mL)中,在室温下缓慢滴加到上述溶液。再将混合溶液80℃加热反应10h。过滤得到的粗产品并使用去离子水和乙醇清洗三次,最后在50℃真空干燥12h,得到六氨基噻唑基环三磷腈(产率,76%)。(2-胺基噻唑:碳酸钾:六氯环三磷腈摩尔比为6.1:6.5:1)
实施例4
聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-二羟基联苯)的制备方法:
将350mL溶有12.8g(0.069mol)4,4’-二羟基联苯的四氢呋喃和16.4g(0.161mol)三乙胺添加到配有机械搅拌器的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀,冰浴下缓慢滴加150mL溶有8.0g(0.023mol)六氯环三磷腈的四氢呋喃溶液,滴加完毕后,20℃搅拌12h。然后将其过滤,并将粗产物分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤3次,最后在50℃下真空干燥24h,得到目标产物。
实施例5
聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-二羟基联苯)的制备方法:
将350mL溶有12.8g(0.069mol)4,4’-二羟基联苯的四氢呋喃和22.3g(0.161mol)碳酸钾添加到配有机械搅拌器,回流冷凝器和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀,常温下缓慢滴加150mL溶有8.0g(0.023mol)六氯环三磷腈的四氢呋喃溶液,滴加完毕后,70℃搅拌10h。然后将其过滤,并将粗产物分别用去离子水和乙醇洗涤3次,最后在50℃下真空干燥24h,得到目标产物。
实施例6
聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮)的制备方法:
将4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮(0.80g,3.79mmol)、三乙胺(0.82g,8.05mmol)溶解在50mL乙腈中,并将溶液加入到250mL的烧杯中。之后将六氯环三磷腈HCCP(0.40g,1.15mmol)溶解在乙腈(50mL)中,在20℃、超声波功率50W超声过程中缓慢倒入,超声3h。然后过滤,将粗产品由去离子水和乙醇洗涤三次,最后在70℃真空干燥24h,得到产物。
实施例7
聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮)的制备方法:
将4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮(0.80g,3.79mmol)、三乙胺(0.82g,8.05mmol)溶解在50mL乙腈中,并将溶液加入到250mL的烧杯中。之后将六氯环三磷腈HCCP(0.40g,1.15mmol)溶解在乙腈(50mL)中,在40℃、超声波功率120W超声过程中缓慢倒入,超声3h。然后过滤,将粗产品由去离子水和无水乙醇冲洗三次,最后在70℃真空干燥24h,得到产物。
图2为是实施例7制备的聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮)SEM,可以看出所制备阻燃剂为粒径为1μm的均匀微球,球状结构一方面在树脂体系内均匀分散,可以吸收外力能量,抵消应力集中,另一方面粒子表面残留酚羟基可以参与环氧树脂固化反应,有效提高环氧树脂力学性能,特别是可以将环氧树脂冲击强度提高2倍以上。图3热重图表明所制备阻燃剂具有优异的热稳定性和成炭能力
如图4所示,通过红外分析可以确定目标结构结构式为:
其中,R结构为:
实施例8
聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮)的制备方法:
将4,4'-二羟基二苯甲酮(0.80g,3.79mmol)、三乙胺(0.82g,8.05mmol)溶解在50mL丙酮中,并将溶液加入到250mL的烧杯中。之后将六氯环三磷腈(0.40g,1.15mmol)溶解在丙酮(50mL)中,在40℃、超声波功率300W超声过程中缓慢倒入,超声3h。然后过滤,将粗产品由去离子水和无水乙醇冲洗三次,最后在70℃真空干燥24h,得到产物。
实施例9
聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-(1,4-苯二氧基)二酚)的制备方法:
将400mL溶有20.3g(0.069mol)4,4’-(1,4-苯二氧基)二酚的乙腈和22.3g(0.161mol)碳酸钾添加到配有机械搅拌器,回流冷凝器和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀,常温下缓慢滴加150mL溶有8.0g(0.023mol)六氯环三磷腈的乙腈溶液,60℃搅拌8h。然后将其过滤,并将粗产物分别用去离子水溶液和乙醇洗涤3次,最后在50℃下真空干燥24h,得到目标产物。
如图5所示,通过红外分析可以确定目标结构结构式为:
其中,R结构为:
实施例10
聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-(1,4-苯二氧基)二酚)的制备方法:
将300mL溶有20.3g(0.069mol)4,4’-(1,4-苯二氧基)二酚的乙腈溶液和12.7g(0.161mol)吡啶添加到三口烧瓶中,磁力搅拌,常温下缓慢滴加150ml溶有8.0g(0.023mol)六氯环三磷腈的乙腈溶液,80℃搅拌8h。然后将其过滤,得到粗产物,将粗产物分别用去离子水溶液和乙醇洗涤3次,最后在50℃下真空干燥24h,得到目标产物。
实施例11
聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-二羟基二苯醚基甲酮)的制备方法:
将300mL溶有27.5g(0.069mol)4,4’-二羟基二苯醚基甲酮的四氢呋喃和16.4g(0.161mol)三乙胺添加到三口烧瓶中,进行磁力搅拌,冰浴下缓慢滴加150ml溶有8.0g(0.023mol)六氯环三磷腈的四氢呋喃溶液,滴加完毕后,70℃搅拌8h。然后将其过滤,得到粗产物,将粗产物分别用去离子水溶液和乙醇洗涤3次,最后在50℃下真空干燥24h,得到目标产物。
实施例12
聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-二羟基二苯醚基甲酮)的制备方法:
将300mL溶有27.5g(0.069mol)4,4’-二羟基二苯醚基甲酮的丙酮和16.4g(0.161mol)三乙胺添加到三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀,冰浴下缓慢滴加150mL溶有8.0g(0.023mol)六氯环三磷腈的丙酮溶液,40℃搅拌8h。然后将其过滤,将粗产物分别用去离子水溶液和乙醇洗涤3次,最后在50℃下真空干燥24h,得到目标产物。
实施例13-15
环氧树脂,作为一种重要的热固性高分子材料具有优良的电绝缘性、黏结性能、力学性能、耐化学腐蚀性、尺寸稳定性等而被广泛应用,特别是在电子电气、航空航天、轨道交通等领域。未经改性的环氧树脂属于易燃材料,且烟气释放极大,在使用中存在严重的火灾安全隐患。
用六胺基噻唑基环三磷腈(阻燃剂Ⅰ)制备阻燃环氧树脂,实施例13-15采用以下典型的制备工艺:先将HTACP和双酚A二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂(DGEBA)分散在适量无水乙醇中,通过搅拌和超声分散均匀后,将固化剂4,4-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)与之混合,120℃下机械搅拌10-15min,置于真空烘箱中脱气后,在不锈钢模具中浇铸成型,于160℃固化1h,180℃固化2h,200℃固化1h得阻燃型环氧树脂复合材料,采用垂直燃烧仪和烟密度箱测试材料垂直燃烧等级及烟密度。未经阻燃剂Ⅰ阻燃的环氧树脂样品列为对比例,结果如表1所示。结果表明:少量的阻燃剂Ⅰ的添加就能使环氧树脂的燃烧等级达到V-1等级,且与其他六氯环三磷腈衍生物相比,达到相近的阻燃等级,所需磷含量和阻燃剂添加量都更低,实现了高效阻燃的目的。此外,HTACP特殊分子结构能够在燃烧过程中有效参与固相反应,将大量烟气成分转化固定在环氧燃烧残炭中,能够有效降低环氧树脂的烟气释放,具有高效的阻燃抑烟功效。
表1.实施例13-15阻燃环氧树脂样品垂直燃烧及烟密度测试结果
a阻燃剂Ⅰ代表六胺基噻唑基环三磷腈。
实施例16-24
用含芳醚/酮基的环交联型聚磷腈(阻燃剂Ⅱ)制备阻燃环氧树脂,实施例16-24采用以下典型的制备工艺:将适量的不同结构的阻燃剂Ⅱ通过搅拌超声分散在少量的乙醇中,再将双酚A二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂(DGEBA)倒入上述溶液中搅拌超声。再将固化剂4,4-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)加入混合溶液中,在120℃下机械搅拌直至完全溶解在环氧树脂中,再将混合溶液在真空烘箱内脱泡,最后将混合溶液倒进预热过的模具中,160℃固化1h,180℃固化2h和200℃固化1h。待模具冷却至室温脱模,得到阻燃剂Ⅱ阻燃的环氧树脂样品,采用垂直燃烧仪、烟密度箱和冲击测试仪测试材料垂直燃烧等级、烟密度及冲击强度。未经HTACP阻燃的环氧树脂样品列为对比例,结果如表2所示。
表2.实施例16-24阻燃环氧树脂样品垂直燃烧及烟密度测试结果
a代表聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-二羟基联苯);b代表聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮);
c代表聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-(1,4-苯二氧基)二酚);b代表聚(环三磷腈-co-4,4’-二羟基二苯醚基甲酮)。
Claims (7)
1.磷腈阻燃剂,其特征在于,具有以下结构式:
2.一种权利要求1所述的磷腈阻燃剂制备方法,其特征在于,将原料I和六氯环三磷腈溶于有机溶剂中,在缚酸剂的作用下反应,所述原料I为2-氨基噻唑。
3.根据权利要求2所述的磷腈阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙腈、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的任一种,所述缚酸剂为三乙胺、碳酸钾、吡啶中的任一种。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的磷腈阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,将溶有2-氨基噻唑的有机溶剂和缚酸剂添加到配有机械搅拌器,回流冷凝器和温度计的三口烧瓶中,搅拌均匀,缓慢滴加溶有六氯环三磷腈的有机溶剂,然后将混合物加热至回流温度并搅拌至反应完全,得到六氨基噻唑环三磷腈。
5.根据权利要求4所述的磷腈阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述2-氨基噻唑:缚酸剂:六氯环三磷腈的摩尔比为(6-6.2):(6.2-7):1。
6.一种权利要求1所述磷腈阻燃剂制备的阻燃环氧树脂,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂为双酚A二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂,固化剂为4,4’-二氨基二苯砜。
7.权利要求6所述阻燃环氧树脂在浇注体、纤维增强复合材料、黏结剂、涂料和电子封装材料中的应用。
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