CN113230457A - 一种用于骨修复的可降解多孔锌基复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于骨修复的可降解多孔锌基复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XQGPKZUNMMFTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;hydrogen phosphate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O XQGPKZUNMMFTAL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- DBLXOVFQHHSKRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanesulfonic acid;2-piperazin-1-ylethanol Chemical compound CCS(O)(=O)=O.OCCN1CCNCC1 DBLXOVFQHHSKRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940050906 magnesium chloride hexahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000008468 bone growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910009369 Zn Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于骨修复的可降解多孔锌基复合材料,包括锌、镁和β‑磷酸三钙,三者的质量比为100:0.8~1.2:4~6。该复合材料是以锌颗粒作为金属基体,镁颗粒和βTCP颗粒为添加颗粒,氯化钠颗粒为预设孔颗粒,前期机械合金化混合锌颗粒和镁颗粒,后期添加βTCP颗粒和氯化钠颗粒,通过真空热压烧结制备出Zn‑Mg‑βTCP多孔复合材料,以提高纯锌的力学性能,且保持适宜的降解速率和促成骨能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医用材料技术领域,具体为一种用于骨修复的可降解锌基复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
寻找机械性能优于目前临床使用的永久性植入材料的生物可降解金属材料,同时具有理想的体内降解速度和可靠的力学稳定性,仍然是骨修复临床领域的一项重要研究工作。
金属锌具有适宜的降解速度,且锌元素是人体所必须的微量元素之一,在人体内发挥着极其重要的作用。但是纯锌的力学性能较差,作为植入体无法满足在体内需要起到支撑作用的应用环境,因此需要通过合金化或复合化等技术改善纯锌材料本身作为植入体的力学缺陷。综合前期进行的Zn-Mg合金研究,优选出的Zn-1Mg合金表现出较适宜的力学强度和降解速率。为了进一步增强Zn-1Mg合金的促成骨性能,可通过添加具有良好生物活性的β-磷酸三钙(βTCP)作为复合添加成分。
理想的骨修复材料不仅应该具有骨传导作用,还应具备骨诱导和骨形成能力,因此可通过在植入材料内部构造合适宜的孔隙结构,可以为成骨前体细胞的聚集和黏附、新生骨组织的相互连接以及新生血管的网状吻合提供良好的条件,同时也为骨组织的再生,细胞的增殖提供与机体细胞外基质类似的三维生长环境,可以提高骨修复材料的骨传导性。
基于上述问题和需求,需要制备一种多孔锌基复合材料,以适用于骨修复领域使用。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种用于骨修复的可降解锌基复合材料及其制备方法。
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的:
一种用于骨修复的可降解多孔锌基复合材料,包括锌、镁和β-磷酸三钙,三者的质量比为100:0.8~1.2:4~6。
上述复合材料是以锌颗粒作为金属基体,镁颗粒和βTCP颗粒为添加颗粒,氯化钠颗粒为预设孔颗粒,前期机械合金化混合锌颗粒和镁颗粒,后期添加βTCP颗粒和氯化钠颗粒,通过真空热压烧结制备出Zn-Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料,以提高纯锌的力学性能,且保持适宜的降解速率和促成骨能力。
上述用于骨修复的可降解多孔锌基复合材料的制备方法,如下:
(1)、制备圆筒形模具
用石墨材料制备圆筒形模具,内腔表面粗糙度为Ra0.06~0.12μm。
(2)、机械合金化粉末
在真空手套箱中进行粉末的称取,每100g锌粉称取镁粉0.8~1.2g置于聚四氟乙烯球磨罐中,放置直径为3mm和6mm的玛瑙球,球料比为3:1,密封球磨罐;将密封球磨罐放置于高速球磨机上进行球磨混粉,球磨机转速为1600rpm,球磨期间每工作15min停止15min,重复8个周期,共计4h。
(3)、配料、混料
将上述高能球磨后的混合粉末取出置于另外经干燥后球磨罐中,分别称取β-磷酸三钙4~6g和氯化钠50~55g置于混合粉末中,密封球磨罐;将密封球磨罐放置于低速球磨机上进行球磨混粉,球磨机转速为400rpm,球磨时间为1h。
(4)、装填粉末
打开石墨模具,在模具内腔底部放置下石墨垫块,将上述球磨后的复合材料粉末放置于下石墨垫块上,在混合粉末上部放置上石墨垫块。
(5)、冷压成胚料
将装有复合材料粉末的石墨模具放置于液压机上进行冷压,施加压力为120MPa,保压时间为30min,冷压后成胚料。
(6)、真空热压烧结制备多孔复合材料
复合材料的热压是在真空热压烧结炉中进行的,具体是在真空环境下,通过对混合粉末胚料进行加热和加压完成制备;
①将冷压后装有复合材料粉末的石墨模具置入真空热压烧结炉中,调整石墨模具至上石墨顶杆和下石墨顶杆中央位置,密封石英管腔,下旋手轮顶杆下压上法兰并固定石英管;
②开启真空泵,关闭进气口,打开真空挡板阀,抽出石英管腔内空气至腔内压强≦1×10-3MPa;
③开启水冷箱,使上法兰和下法兰中循环冷水;
④开启程序电动液压泵,设置压力为80MPa,设置压力保持130min;
⑤开启加热炉,对石英管腔中的石墨模具进行加热,设置加热温度为400℃,加热速率为10℃/min,加热至400℃恒定,设置保温时间90min;
⑥保温完成后,断开加热炉开关,石墨模具在石英管腔中自然冷却降温;
⑦石墨模具降温至室温,关闭真空挡板阀,打开进气口,使石英管腔内外气压保持一致;
⑧打开程序电动液压泵上的泄压按钮,使压力下降至0;
⑨取出石墨模具;
⑩取出复合材料胚件。
(7)、打磨处理
将复合材料胚件的外表面进行打磨,去除胚件外表面的杂质、污物。
(8)、清洗去除氯化钠颗粒
将打磨处理后的复合材料胚件,置于去离子水中,进行超声波清洗,清洗时间为5min,烘干,重复5次,得到Zn-Mg-βTCP多孔锌基复合材料。
本发明通过真空热压烧结技术,以锌粉、镁粉、β-磷酸三钙为原材料,用氯化钠作为预制孔隙结构,成功制备了用于骨修复的医用可降解多孔锌基复合材料,该多孔复合材料的孔隙分布均匀,一方面增大了材料的比表面积,有利于提高降解速率、促进均匀降解,另一方面有利于细胞的铺展、聚集、黏附,为新生骨组织的相互连接以及新生血管的网状吻合提供良好的条件,同时也为骨组织的再生、细胞的增殖提供与机体细胞外基质类似的三维生长环境。而且,镁元素的加入,可以与锌基体之间形成第二相,可以增强纯锌的力学性能。β-磷酸三钙则进一步可以促进成骨细胞的增殖和分化,具有良好的促成骨能力。
经实验研究,该复合材料的抗压屈服强度达到228.65MPa以上,弹性模量为12.36GPa以上,在模拟体液中的降解速率区间为0.102~0.121mm/year,符合人体骨骼的力学需求,与骨生长的速度相匹配,是一种应用于骨修复的可降解新型骨修复材料。
本发明设计合理,具有很好的实际应用价值。
附图说明
图1表示Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的真空热压烧结状态图。
图2表示Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的扫描电镜微观组织形貌图。
图3表示Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的压缩应力应变曲线图。
图4表示Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料在人体模拟体液中的降解速率柱状图。
图中:1-手轮顶杆,2-上法兰,3-上石墨顶杆,4-上石墨垫块,5-复合材料粉末,6-石墨模具,7-下石墨垫块,8-石英管,9-加热炉,10-下石墨顶杆,11-下法兰,12-液压顶杆,13-进气口,14-真空挡板阀,15-真空波纹管,16-液压油管,17-真空泵,18-真空泵开关,19-电机转速调节旋钮,20-液压泵电源开关,21-压力仪表盘,22-泄压按钮,23-加压按钮,24-程序电动液压泵,25-冷水管,26-电源箱,27-加热炉仪表盘,28-时间调节按键,29-通电加热按钮,30-温度调节按键,31-断电按钮,32-水冷箱仪表盘,33-水冷开关,34-水冷箱,35-控制电缆。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例进行详细说明。
本实施例是以锌颗粒作为金属基体,镁颗粒和βTCP颗粒为添加颗粒,氯化钠颗粒为预设孔颗粒,前期机械合金化混合锌颗粒和镁颗粒,后期添加βTCP颗粒和氯化钠颗粒,通过真空热压烧结技术,制备出Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料,以提高纯锌的力学性能,且保持适宜的降解速率和促成骨能力。
一、使用的化学物质材料为:锌粉(平均颗粒直径20μm)、镁粉(平均颗粒直径50μm)、β-磷酸三钙、氯化钠(颗粒直径介于100~400μm)、无水乙醇、氢氧化钠、丙三醇、甲醇、去离子水、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、氯化钾、三水合磷酸氢二钾、六水合氯化镁、4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸、氯化钙、硫酸钠、三氧化铬、石墨纸、砂纸。
制备所使用的化学物质的量值根据预先设置的量进行配比,以克、毫升、毫米为计量单位。
锌粉:Zn 20.00g±0.01g
镁粉:Mg 0.20g±0.01g
β-磷酸三钙:βTCP 1.00g±0.01g
氯化钠:NaCl 15.00g±0.01g
无水乙醇:C2H5OH 100mL±5mL
氢氧化钠:NaOH 20.00g±0.01g
去离子水:H2O 3000 mL±100mL
碳酸氢钠:NaHCO3 0.740g±0.01g
碳酸钠:Na2CO3 2.046g±0.01g
氯化钾:KCl 0.225g±0.01g
三水合磷酸氢二钾:K2HPO4•3H2O 0.230g±0.01g
六水合氯化镁:MgCl•6H2O 0.311g±0.01g
4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸:C8H18N2O4S 11.928g±0.01g
氯化钙:CaCl2 0.293g±0.01g
硫酸钠:Na2SO4 0.072g±0.01g
三氧化铬:CrO3 50.00g±0.01g
砂纸:500目 300mm×0.5mm×200mm
1000目 300mm×0.5mm×200mm
1500目 300mm×0.5mm×200mm
二、如图1所示,Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的真空热压烧结状态图,根据操作要求按序操作。
现有的真空热压烧结炉是组合式的,由加热炉9、真空泵17、程序电动液压泵24、水冷箱34等组成;加热炉9中央设有石英管8,石英管8上下两端安装于上法兰2和下法兰11之间;石墨模具6位于石英管8中间,上石墨垫块4抵靠于上石墨顶杆3,上石墨顶杆3安装于上法兰,下石墨垫块7抵靠于下石墨顶杆10,下石墨顶杆10下端穿过下法兰11后通过弹簧件由液压顶杆12施加向上的压力,液压顶杆12位于底座上。上法兰2的上部为手轮顶杆1,通过旋拧手轮顶杆1向上法兰2提供下压力。下石墨垫块7、复合材料粉末5、上石墨垫块4的外部为石墨模具6,通过上、下石墨顶杆向复合材料粉末提供预设的压力。
程序电动液压泵24与液压顶杆12之间通过液压油管16连接;程序电动液压泵24上设置有电机转速调节旋钮19、液压泵电源开关20、压力仪表盘21、泄压按钮22、加压按钮23。
真空泵17与下法兰11之间通过真空波纹管15连通,用于抽取石英管8内空气;真空波纹管15上安装有进气口13、真空挡板阀14;真空泵17上设置有真空泵开关18。
电源箱26与加热炉9之间通过控制电缆35连接;电源箱26上设置有加热炉仪表盘27、时间调节按键28、通电加热按钮29、温度调节按键30、断电按钮31。
水冷箱34与上法兰2、下法兰11之间分别通过冷水管25连通;水冷箱34上设置有水冷箱仪表盘32、水冷开关33。
三、可降解多孔Zn-1Mg-βTCP复合材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、制备圆筒形模具
用石墨材料制备圆筒形模具,模具外形尺寸为Ф48mm×50mm,模具内腔尺寸为Ф10mm×50mm,内腔表面粗糙度为Ra0.06~0.12μm。
(2)、机械合金化粉末
在真空手套箱中进行粉末的称取,分别称取锌粉20.00g±0.01g和镁粉0.20g±0.01g置于聚四氟乙烯球磨罐中,放置直径为3mm和6mm的玛瑙球,球料比为3:1,密封球磨罐;将密封球磨罐放置于高速球磨机上进行球磨混粉,球磨机转速为1600rpm,球磨期间每工作15min停止15min,重复8个周期,共计4h。
(3)、配料、混料
将上述高能球磨后的混合粉末取出置于另外经干燥后球磨罐中,分别称取β-磷酸三钙1.00g±0.01g和氯化钠10.50g±0.01g置于混合粉末中,密封球磨罐;将密封球磨罐放置于低速球磨机上进行球磨混粉,球磨机转速为400rpm,球磨时间为1h。
(4)、装填粉末
打开石墨模具,在模具内腔底部放置下石墨垫块,将上述球磨后的复合材料粉末放置于下石墨垫块上方,在混合粉末上部放置上石墨垫块。
(5)、冷压成胚料
将装有复合材料粉末的石墨模具放置于手动液压机上进行冷压,施加压力为120MPa,保压时间为30min,冷压后成胚料。
(6)、真空热压烧结制备多孔复合材料
Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的热压是在真空热压烧结炉中进行的,具体是在真空环境下,通过对混合粉末胚料进行加热和加压完成制备;
①将冷压后、装有复合材料粉末的石墨模具置入真空热压烧结炉中,调整石墨模具至上石墨顶杆和下石墨顶杆中央位置,密封石英管腔,下旋手轮顶杆定位上法兰并固定石英管位置;
②开启真空泵,关闭进气口,打开真空挡板阀,抽出石英管腔内空气至腔内压强≦1×10-3MPa;
③开启水冷箱,使上法兰和下法兰中循环冷水;
④开启程序电动液压泵,设置压力为80MPa,设置压力保持130min;
⑤开启加热炉,对石英管腔中的石墨模具进行加热,设置加热温度为400℃,加热速率为10℃/min,加热至400℃恒定,设置保温时间90min;
⑥保温完成后,断开加热炉开关,石墨模具在石英管腔中自然冷却降温;
⑦石墨模具降温至室温,关闭真空挡板阀,打开进气口,使石英管腔内外气压保持一致;
⑧打开程序电动液压泵上的泄压按钮,使压力下降至0;
⑨取出石墨模具;
⑩取出Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料胚件。
(7)、打磨处理
将Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料胚件的外表面进行打磨,去除胚件外表面的杂质、污物。
(8)、清洗去除氯化钠颗粒
将打磨处理后的Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料胚件,置于去离子水中,进行超声波清洗,清洗时间为5min,烘干,重复5次,得到Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料。
(9)、测试、分析、表征
对Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的表面形貌进行表征;如图2所示,为Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的扫描电镜微观组织形貌图,看出Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的表面孔隙分布均匀,孔隙直径大约在100~300μm区间,且具有相互贯穿连通的三维孔隙结构。良好的孔隙结构可以通过增加材料的比表面积,从而提高复合材料的降解速率、促进均匀降解,并为细胞的铺展、聚集、黏附、新生骨组织的相互连接以及新生血管的网状吻合提供良好的条件。
对Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的压缩力学强度进行测试;如图3所示,为Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的压缩应力应变曲线图,可知,Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的抗压屈服强度达到228.65MPa,弹性模量为12.36GPa。
根据ASTM G31-72标准,对Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料在模拟体液环境中的降解速率进行测试;其中,模拟体液配方为1000mL水中溶解5.403±0.01g氯化钠、2.046g±0.01g碳酸氢钠、2.046g±0.01g碳酸钠、0.225g±0.01g氯化钾、0.230g±0.01g三水合磷酸氢二钾、0.311g±0.01g六水合氯化镁、11.928g±0.01g 4-羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸、0.293g±0.01g氯化钙、0.072g±0.01g硫酸钠。如图4所示,为Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料在人体模拟体液中的降解速率柱状图,可知,Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的降解速率区间为0.102~0.121mm/year。
(10)、结论
Zn-1Mg-βTCP多孔复合材料的孔隙分布均匀,达到理想的孔隙结构效果,复合材料的抗压屈服强度达到228.65MPa,弹性模量为12.36GPa,与人体骨骼的力学性能匹配,在模拟体液中的降解速率区间为1.102~0.121mm/year,与骨生长的速率相匹配。
最后所应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照本发明实施例进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,都不脱离本发明的技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖本发明的权利要求保护范围中。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于骨修复的可降解多孔锌基复合材料,其特征在于:包括锌、镁和β-磷酸三钙,三者的质量比为100:0.8~1.2:4~6。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于骨修复的可降解多孔锌基复合材料,其特征在于:锌、镁和β-磷酸三钙的质量比为100:1:5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于骨修复的可降解多孔锌基复合材料,其特征在于:该复合材料中采用氯化钠颗粒为预设孔颗粒。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于骨修复的可降解多孔锌基复合材料,其特征在于:每100g锌采用氯化钠50~55g。
5.一种用于骨修复的可降解多孔锌基复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)、制备圆筒形模具
用石墨材料制备圆筒形模具,内腔表面粗糙度为Ra0.06~0.12μm;
(2)、机械合金化粉末
在真空手套箱中进行粉末的称取,每100g锌粉称取镁粉0.8~1.2g置于聚四氟乙烯球磨罐中,放置直径为3mm和6mm的玛瑙球,球料比为3:1,密封球磨罐;将密封球磨罐放置于高速球磨机上进行球磨混粉,球磨机转速为1600rpm,球磨期间每工作15min停止15min,重复8个周期,共计4h;
(3)、配料、混料
将上述高能球磨后的混合粉末取出置于另外经干燥后球磨罐中,分别称取β-磷酸三钙4~6g和氯化钠50~55g置于混合粉末中,密封球磨罐;将密封球磨罐放置于低速球磨机上进行球磨混粉,球磨机转速为400rpm,球磨时间为1h;
(4)、装填粉末
打开石墨模具,在模具内腔底部放置下石墨垫块,将上述球磨后的复合材料粉末放置于下石墨垫块上,在混个粉末上部放置上石墨垫块;
(5)、冷压成胚料
将装有复合材料粉末的石墨模具放置于液压机上进行冷压,施加压力为120MPa,保压时间为30min,冷压后成胚料;
(6)、真空热压烧结制备多孔复合材料
复合材料的热压是在真空热压烧结炉中进行的,具体是在真空环境下,通过对混合粉末胚料进行加热和加压完成制备;
①将冷压后装有复合材料粉末的石墨模具置入真空热压烧结炉中,调整石墨模具至上石墨顶杆和下石墨顶杆中央位置,密封石英管腔,下旋手轮顶杆下压上法兰并固定石英管;
②开启真空泵,关闭进气口,打开真空挡板阀,抽出石英管腔内空气至腔内压强≦1×10-3MPa;
③开启水冷箱,使上法兰和下法兰中循环冷水;
④开启程序电动液压泵,设置压力为80MPa,设置压力保持130min;
⑤开启加热炉,对石英管腔中的石墨模具进行加热,设置加热温度为400℃,加热速率为10℃/min,加热至400℃恒定,设置保温时间90min;
⑥保温完成后,断开加热炉开关,石墨模具在石英管腔中自然冷却降温;
⑦石墨模具降温至室温,关闭真空挡板阀,打开进气口,使石英管腔内外气压保持一致;
⑧打开程序电动液压泵上的泄压按钮,使压力下降至0;
⑨取出石墨模具;
⑩取出复合材料胚件;
(7)、打磨处理
将复合材料胚件的外表面进行打磨,去除胚件外表面的杂质、污物;
(8)、清洗去除氯化钠颗粒
将打磨处理后的复合材料胚件,置于去离子水中,进行超声波清洗,清洗时间为5min,烘干,重复5次,得到多孔锌基复合材料。
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