CN113229263A

CN113229263A - Harmless weed killing method

Info

Publication number: CN113229263A
Application number: CN202110669432.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄邦海; 尹垚懿; 黄建平
Original assignee: Maosheng Biotechnology Baoding Co ltd
Current assignee: Maosheng Biotechnology Baoding Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-16
Filing date: 2021-06-16
Publication date: 2021-08-10

Abstract

The invention relates to a harmless weed killing method, which comprises the following steps: before the selected plot is formally sown or planted with crops, the following is done: s1, measuring the acidity and alkalinity of the land parcel; s2, selecting a weeding mode according to different pH values of the land; when the land is acidic or neutral soil, 50-400g of solid ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate is applied to each square meter of land by a soil thickness meter of 15-25 cm; fully ploughing the soil and ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, finely raking and uniformly stirring; when the land is alkaline soil, applying 100-500g of solid ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate to each square meter of land by using a soil thickness meter of 15-25 cm; fully ploughing the soil and ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate, finely raking and uniformly stirring; s3, spraying or irrigating clear water to the land, so that the ammonium bicarbonate/ammonium carbonate or ammonium bisulfate/ammonium sulfate applied in the soil is dissolved and permeated into the soil; after 3-10 days, the plot can be used for seeding or planting crops. The weeding method disclosed by the invention is strong in practicability, simple to operate, non-toxic, harmless, free of residue, high in weeding efficiency and long in time effect.

Description

Harmless weed killing method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of weed control, in particular to a harmless weed killing method.

Background

The weeding is important work in agriculture, forestry and the like, is one of the main problems in the world in agriculture and forestry production, has low requirement on weed production conditions and strong nutrition competitiveness, and is the main reason for reducing the yield of crops. Because the weeds on the soil surface grow vigorously, the planting and production of crops are seriously affected, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed for eliminating the weeds to maintain the growth vigor of the crops. The current methods for controlling weeds mainly comprise: pesticide prevention, agricultural prevention, biological prevention, physical prevention and the like, and the methods are characterized by comprising the following steps:

pesticide prevention and control method: mainly a control method using herbicides and the like. Worldwide, herbicides registered worldwide are mainly types of selective herbicides and biocidal herbicides. Although the pesticides are effective in controlling soil surface weeds, most of the pesticides have harmful residues, and part of the herbicides have long residual period, and can enter water bodies to influence the ecological environment and human health. The use of herbicide is reduced, which is beneficial to environmental protection and ensures the safety of food and human health. In addition, many herbicides can only treat weeds with grown leaves in a targeted manner, and some herbicides can only kill broad-leaf/narrow-leaf weeds, but cannot kill weed species in the soil together. Therefore, the problems of short control time and the need of frequently using the herbicide for weeding for many times exist.

Agricultural control method: at present, measures such as paddy field and dry field rotation are mainly adopted, the production is limited by a plurality of factors, and most effects are not good.

Physical control: mainly refers to a fire method and the like, and has the problem of inconvenient use. The fire burning method is mainly used in autumn, winter and withered grass, can not be used in spring and summer, is easy to cause fire once in dry weather, strong wind weather, improper operation and the like, and can not be used in forest areas.

In conclusion, the existing various control methods have the problems of unsatisfactory weed killing effect, incapability of killing grass seeds, residue pollution, use limitation and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

In view of the above disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a harmless weed killing method, which solves the technical problems of harmful residues of herbicide, incapability of killing grass seeds, undesirable weed killing effect and limited applicability of other weeding methods.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:

a method of harmless weed killing, the method comprising: before the selected plot is formally sown or planted with a crop, it is treated as follows:

s1, measuring the acidity and alkalinity of the selected land parcel;

s2, selecting a weeding mode according to different pH values of the selected land;

when the selected land is acidic or neutral soil, 50-400g of solid ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate is applied to each square meter of land by a soil thickness meter of 15-25 cm; fully ploughing the soil and ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, finely raking and uniformly stirring;

when the selected land is alkaline soil, applying 100-500g of solid ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate to each square meter of land by using a soil thickness meter of 15-25 cm; fully ploughing the soil and ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate, finely raking and uniformly stirring;

s3, spraying or irrigating clear water on the selected land, so that the ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate applied in the soil is dissolved and permeates the soil; the selected plot can be used for seeding or planting of crops after 3-10 days.

Wherein, the higher the dosage of the solid ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate (solid ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate), the more complete the weeding is the higher the weeding efficiency is, but the comprehensive consideration is better according to the economic cost and the required water amount for spraying. Preferably, in the case of acid or neutral soil, the application amount of the solid ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate per square meter of the land is 100-300 g; if the soil is alkaline soil, the application amount of solid ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate per square meter of the soil is 200-450 g. The use of the ammonium salt can kill over 95 percent of surface weeds and weed buds, grass seeds and the like in soil.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, when there are a lot of soil surface weeds in the selected plot to be killed, the soil surface weeds are killed:

if the selected plot is acidic or neutral soil, dissolving ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate in water of 25-50 deg.C to prepare saturated solution before applying solid ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate to the plot; after the saturated solution is prepared, spraying the saturated solution on the stems, leaves and roots of the weeds on the surface of the selected land immediately until the stems, leaves and roots of the weeds are thoroughly wetted and flow to the roots;

if the selected land is alkaline soil, dissolving ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate in water of 25-50 ℃ to prepare a saturated solution before applying solid ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate to the land; after the saturated solution is prepared, the saturated solution is immediately sprayed on the stems, leaves and roots of the weeds on the surface of the selected land, and the spraying amount is up to the point that the stems, leaves and roots of the weeds are thoroughly wetted and flow to the roots.

Preferably, the soil surface weeds are killed, and then the weeds and grass seeds in the soil are killed; in this case, the amount of ammonium salt such as ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bisulfate, or ammonium sulfate to be applied to the soil in the soil block can be appropriately reduced.

Normally, the soil surface weeds, weeds in the soil and grass seeds can be killed together by applying solid ammonium bicarbonate/ammonium carbonate or ammonium bisulfate/ammonium sulfate with increased dosage (the dosage is higher than that used when the soil surface weeds do not exist and is taken in a section with a range value close to the upper limit) directly according to the acidity and alkalinity and the area of the soil, then fully ploughing and finely harrowing the soil manually or by using mechanical tilling equipment, building a water blocking ridge, spraying or irrigating clear water on a selected land block, and covering a plastic film for 3-10 days. However, if the weeds on the soil surface are very thick and long (for example, the length of the ground part of the weeds reaches more than 10 cm), the weed control effect is poor according to the method, mainly because the length of the weeds is long, and the plowing and fine harrowing operation, the distribution uniformity of solid ammonium salt and the permeability of the ammonium salt solution after irrigation are affected. Therefore, when the soil surface weeds are thick or the soil surface weeds are deep, the soil surface weeds are killed according to the method, and then the weeds and grass seeds in the soil are killed.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, after spraying or irrigating clean water on the selected plot, the surface of the selected plot is covered with a plastic film to accelerate the killing speed and increase the killing rate of weeds and weed seeds.

Preferably, when a large amount of soil surface weeds exist in the selected plot and need to be killed, the saturated solution is sprayed on the stems, leaves and roots of the weeds on the surface of the selected plot, and then the weeds on the surface of the selected plot are covered with a plastic film, so that the killing speed of the weeds is accelerated, and the killing rate is improved.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, before the selected land is sprayed or irrigated with clear water, a water blocking ridge is built around the selected land, and then clear water is sprayed or irrigated into the water blocking ridge.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plastic film is an IFR heat absorbing film, a high light transmittance plastic film or a degradable heat preservation mulching film. The use of plastic films is mainly to preserve heat and prevent external rain water from excessively diluting the applied ammonium salt without performing the ideal weed killing effect; the water blocking ridges can prevent sprayed or irrigated water from losing to the outside, or prevent a large amount of external water from entering and taking away ammonium salt or diluting the ammonium salt, so that an effective weed killing effect cannot be achieved.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the operation time of S2-S3 is selected before the crops to be sown/planted are sown/planted at appropriate time, preferably in spring, when the soil surface grass is not sprouted or is sprouted only in a small amount. At the moment, the weed is killed, so that the dosage of ammonium salt can be greatly saved, the killing difficulty is lower, and the killing effect of the weed and the weed seeds is better. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the duration of the covering with the plastic film is 3 to 10 days.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, when the area of the selected land is large, before the selected land is sprayed or irrigated with clear water, the selected land is divided into a plurality of blocks, a water blocking ridge is built around each block, and then clear water is sprayed or irrigated into the water blocking ridge.

When the soil surface is divided into a plurality of blocks, the areas of the soil surface close to the same height are divided into one block, and water blocking ridges are built around the block. The advantages of the treatment are that the clear water sprayed or irrigated is mainly prevented from converging from high to low in a large amount and relatively quickly, ammonium salt at the high position is converged to the low position in a concentrated manner, so that weeds/grass seeds at the high position cannot be effectively killed, and the endothermic effect generated by the ammonium salt cannot be fully acted on the weeds/grass seeds at the high position.

Preferably, the clear water for spraying or irrigation is at least one of tap water, irrigation water, underground water, well water, river water and natural accumulated water.

Preferably, the clear water used for preparing the saturated solution is at least one of tap water, irrigation water, underground water, well water, river water and natural accumulated water.

(III) advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the method mainly has the following advantages:

(1) thorough and efficient weeding and long action time. The method of the invention can kill the germinated soil surface grass and the grass buds and grass seeds in the soil; because the grass buds and the grass seeds in the soil can be killed, the control time is long, and the grass buds and the grass seeds do not need to be weeded for many times frequently so as to avoid influencing the normal growth of crops. According to the invention, the weed control requirement of the whole growth period of the flowering cabbage (the flowering Chinese cabbage) can be met by one-time weed control by the weed control method disclosed by the invention, and the weed amount is always controlled to be extremely low.

(2) The method has low limitation and strong operability. The method of the invention has strong adaptability, and can be used in forest areas or fields close to/far from water sources or forest lands.

(3) Has no harmful residue. The main principle of the herbicide is that more water-soluble ammonium salt reacts with water in a short time to generate a large amount of ions, absorb heat instantly and destroy the electrolyte balance of the whole weeds, so that the whole weeds are quickly dehydrated and rapidly frozen until the weeds die, and the dissolved water-soluble ammonium salt can be gradually decomposed into ammonium nitrogen, carbon dioxide and the like which can be remained in soil and finally become nutrients of crops, improve the soil fertility and also can become direct nitrogen and carbon sources of beneficial bacteria (rhizobia and the like) of plants to improve the growth environment of the crops. The method of the invention really realizes the purpose of killing weeds in a non-toxic, harmless and residue-free way.

(4) Improving the pH value of the soil. The method of the invention can also adjust and improve the acidic or alkaline soil.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

The present invention provides a harmless weed killing method, comprising: before the selected plot is formally sown or planted with a crop, it is treated as follows:

s1, measuring the acidity and alkalinity of the selected land parcel;

In step S2, the application quality of the ammonium salt such as solid ammonium bicarbonate/carbonate and solid ammonium bisulfate/sulfate can be determined according to the degree of dilution, type and depth of the soil surface grass. Specifically, when the more rare the earth surface grass is selected, the application amount of the solid ammonium salt is less; conversely, the denser the solid ammonium salt is applied in a greater amount. When the soil surface grass of a selected land is tender and has a high water content, the application amount of the solid ammonium salt is low; on the other hand, if the topaz is older and drier (low water content), the solid ammonium salt is applied in a larger amount. When the soil surface grass of a selected plot is shallow, the application amount of the solid ammonium salt is less; on the contrary, the solid ammonium salt is applied in a large amount. In addition, the application amount of solid ammonium salt (ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate) can also be related to the current air temperature, and the air temperature is high, and the application amount is low, otherwise the application amount is high. After the selected plot is sprayed or irrigated with clear water, if the plastic film is used for covering, the application amount of the solid ammonium salt can be saved, the good weed killing effect can be achieved, and the killing speed is higher and more thorough. Generally, the plastic film is used for covering for 3-10 days, and the crops can be planted after the plastic film is removed.

The general principle of the dosage of the ammonium salt is that the longer and denser the surface grass is, the larger the dosage of the ammonium salt is, and the smaller the dosage of the ammonium salt is otherwise; the higher the temperature in the day, the lower the dosage of ammonium salt, and vice versa; when the weeds mainly comprise dicotyledonous plants, the dosage of the ammonium salt is small, and otherwise, when the weeds mainly comprise monocotyledonous plants, the dosage of the ammonium salt is high. In addition, the use amount is also influenced by whether the mulching film is used for covering; when the mulching film is used for mulching, the using amount of ammonium salt can be reduced. It should be noted that the method of the present invention is avoided as much as possible in rainy days. In a word, the application amount of the solid ammonium salt to the soil is adjusted according to the actual condition, so that the solid ammonium salt is reasonably used and the waste is avoided.

For example, weeds are dominated by dicotyledonous grasses: uniformly spreading 80-150 g of ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate per square meter in acidic or neutral soil with the highest temperature of more than 20 ℃ and the height of the grass of 2-10 cm; when the grass is 10-100cm high, 150-250 g ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate per square meter are uniformly spread. Secondly, uniformly spreading 150-200 g of ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate per square meter of alkaline soil when the maximum temperature is above 20 ℃ and the grass is 2-10cm high; when the grass is 10-100cm high, 200-400 g ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate per square meter is uniformly spread. The higher and denser the grass, the more gradually the amount of grass used; the dosage is increased, and the weeding effect is improved.

For example, weeds are dominated by monocotyledonous grasses: uniformly spreading 100-200 g ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate per square meter in acidic or neutral soil with the highest temperature of more than 20 ℃ and the height of the grass of 2-10 cm; when the grass is 10-100cm high, 200-300 g ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate per square meter are uniformly spread. Secondly, when the soil is alkaline, the highest temperature is above 20 ℃, and the grass is 2-10cm high, 200-300 grams of ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate per square meter are uniformly spread; when the height of the grass is 10-100cm, 300-400 g ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate per square meter is uniformly spread. The higher and denser the grass, the more gradually the amount of grass used; the dosage is increased, and the weeding effect is improved. The use of a film or the like for covering or sealing can suitably reduce the amount to be used and further improve the weed-killing effect. When the maximum temperature is above 30 ℃, the use amount of the ammonium salt can be properly reduced.

Preferably, the plastic film used is an IFR heat absorption film, a high-light-transmittance plastic film or a degradable heat preservation mulching film. The use of plastic films is mainly to preserve heat and prevent external rain water from diluting the applied ammonium salt too much to perform the desired weed killing action.

In S3, before the selected land is sprayed or irrigated with clear water, a water blocking ridge is built around the selected land, and then clear water is sprayed or irrigated into the water blocking ridge. The clear water sprayed or irrigated is at least one of tap water, irrigation water, underground water, well water, river water and natural accumulated water. The water blocking ridges can prevent water sprayed or irrigated from losing to the outside, or prevent a large amount of external water from entering and taking away ammonium salt or diluting the ammonium salt, so that an effective weed killing effect cannot be achieved. When the selected land is large in area (covers a plurality of uneven areas), the selected land is divided into a plurality of blocks before the selected land is sprayed or irrigated with clear water, water blocking ridges are built around the blocks, and then clear water is sprayed or irrigated into the water blocking ridges. When the soil surface is divided into a plurality of blocks, the areas of the soil surface close to the same height are divided into one block, and water blocking ridges are built around the block. The benefits of such a process are mainly: prevent to spray or irrigate the clear water, a large amount of from the eminence to the low position confluence fast, concentrate the ammonium salt of eminence to the low position for the weeds/the grass seed of eminence can not effectively be killed, the strong endothermic effect of ammonium salt is not fully acted on the weeds/the grass seed of eminence.

The operation time of S2-S3 is selected before the crops to be sown/planted are sown/planted at proper time, preferably in the case that the soil surface grass does not sprout or sprouts only a little in spring. At the moment, the weed is killed, so that the dosage of ammonium salt can be greatly saved, the killing difficulty is lower, and the killing effect of the weed and the weed seeds is better.

In summary, the invention applies solid ammonium salt to soil, then uses manual or special mechanical equipment to perform full root turning and fine raking, so that the soil in the plough layer is fully and uniformly mixed with the solid ammonium salt, and then sprays clear water or irrigation water, so that the ammonium salt and the water can react in a large amount in a short time to generate a large amount of ions, absorb heat instantly, destroy the electrolyte balance of the whole weed, and cause the whole weed to be rapidly dehydrated and frozen until the weed dies. On the contrary, if the water-soluble ammonium salt is applied after the selected plot is irrigated/sprayed with clear water, the destructive effect generated by the endothermic reaction is easily wasted and cannot be effectively and directly acted on the weeds and the grass seeds because the reaction is fast and the ammonium salt is not distributed uniformly in time.

The method has universal adaptability, and can be used for killing weeds which sprout to the soil surface, weeds which do not sprout, grass seeds in soil and the like. However, if the weeds are abundant, dense and deep (e.g., the ground portion reaches 10cm or more) in summer, it is necessary to kill those weeds in the selected soil surface in advance. Because the amount of weeds on the soil surface is large, the grass is not favorable for root turning and fine harrowing for a long time, and ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate and other ammonium salts are not favorable for uniform distribution, dissolution and permeation into soil.

Specifically, the method for killing soil surface weeds is as follows:

if the selected plot is acid or neutral soil, firstly dissolving ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate in water of 25-50 ℃ to prepare saturated solution; after the saturated solution is prepared, the saturated solution is immediately sprayed on the stems, leaves and roots of the weeds on the surface of the selected land, and the spraying amount is up to the point that the stems, leaves and roots of the weeds are thoroughly wetted and flow to the roots. If the selected land is alkaline soil, firstly dissolving ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate in water at 25-50 ℃ to prepare a saturated solution; after the saturated solution is prepared, the saturated solution is immediately sprayed on the stems, leaves and roots of the weeds on the surface of the selected land, and the spraying amount is up to the point that the stems, leaves and roots of the weeds are thoroughly wetted and flow to the roots. Wherein the clear water for preparing the saturated solution is at least one of tap water, irrigation water, underground water, well water, river water and natural accumulated water.

In order to enhance the effect of killing the soil surface weeds, the surfaces of the soil surface weeds can be covered with plastic cloth immediately after spraying saturated solution of water-soluble ammonium salt, and the covering time is 3 to 10 days. Usually, the weeds are exuberant in summer and the temperature is higher, so that the weeds on the earth surface can be killed by covering the plastic film for 4 to 6 days. According to the acidity and alkalinity of the soil in the selected land, whether weak alkaline ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate or weak acidic ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate is used is determined, and the purpose is mainly to adjust the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and avoid that the acid soil is stronger and stronger after weed control treatment, or the alkaline soil is stronger and stronger after weed control treatment, so that the alkaline soil is not beneficial to the growth of crops. If the water-soluble solid ammonium salt is applied in a proper amount after the surface grass is killed and the grass buds, grass roots, grass seeds and the like in the soil of the selected land are killed, the application amount of the water-soluble solid ammonium salt can be reduced.

Normally, the soil surface weeds, the weeds in the soil and grass seeds can be killed together by applying solid water-soluble ammonium salt with increased dosage (the dosage is higher than that used when the soil surface weeds do not exist, and a section with a range value close to the upper limit) directly according to the acidity and alkalinity and the area of the soil, then fully ploughing and finely harrowing the soil manually or by using mechanical cultivation equipment, building water barriers, spraying or irrigating clear water on a selected land block, and covering a plastic film for 3-10 days. However, if the soil surface weeds are very thick and long (e.g. the ground part of the weeds reaches more than 10 cm), the weed control effect according to such a method may be poor, so that when the soil surface weeds are thick or the soil surface weeds are deep, the soil surface weeds are killed first, and then the weeds and grass seeds in the soil are killed.

The principle of the solution of the invention is illustrated as follows:

ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate: NH (NH)₄HCO₃Or (NH)₄)₂CO₃+H₂O → endothermic → NH₄ ⁺+HCO₃ ^-→ endothermic → → NH₄ ⁺+NH₃+H₂O+CO₂，→→NH₃+H₂O+CO₂

Ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate: NH (NH)₄HSO₄Or (NH)₄)₂SO₄→ endothermic → → NH₄ ⁺+HSO₄ ^-→ endothermic → → NH₄ ⁺+NH₃+H₂O+SO₂→→NH₃+H₂O+SO₂

The hydrolysis of ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate can absorb a large amount of heat to generate a large amount of ions, so that the electrolyte balance of the whole weed plants or grass seeds is damaged, and the whole weed plants are rapidly dehydrated and frozen until death.

The ammonium salts are hydrolyzed into anions and cations in water, the anions are acidic, the cations are basic, and the hydrolysis is violent and mutually promotes heat absorption. When the soil surface weeds are killed, a saturated solution of ammonium bicarbonate (ammonium carbonate) or ammonium bisulfate (ammonium sulfate) is prepared and directly sprayed on the soil surface weeds to form ammonium ions NH under the action of water₄ ⁺Acid radical ions, ammonia water, ammonia gas, carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide, etc., worsen the life environment of weeds, destroy electrolyte balance and cause death due to rapid temperature drop.

According to the weed killing method, the used ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate, ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate and the like are finally decomposed into ammonium nitrogen, ammonia gas, water, carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide which can enter soil to become crop growth nutrient substances, so that the soil fertility is improved, the acidity and alkalinity of the soil are improved, and the intermediate product and the final decomposition product are nontoxic and harmless and can not pollute underground water. In south, acid soil is mostly adopted, the application of ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium carbonate does not affect soil quality, and for alkaline soil, the application of ammonium bisulfate or ammonium sulfate is beneficial to soil improvement, so that the method is a weed killing method with safe soil. When the temperature is low (such as lower than 12 ℃), the treatment time needs to be properly prolonged, and the use is avoided when the rain falls or the plastic film is used under sealed coverage. The weed killing method provided by the invention has the advantages of easiness in operation in the whole process, low cost, environmental friendliness, remarkable effect and long time effect.

The technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a weed killing method, which is used for killing weeds before flowering Chinese cabbage (flowering Chinese cabbage) is planted in a vegetable garden, and preventing the weeds from fighting for water, fertilizer and light of the flowering Chinese cabbage to influence the yield and quality of the flowering Chinese cabbage. The cabbage heart is cultivated in summer. The soil surface weeds in the vegetable garden mainly comprise monocotyledons and dicotyledons, the height of the weeds is 10-15cm, manual removal is time-consuming and labor-consuming, removal is not clean, and the boletus edulis can germinate, so that the herbicide is generally used in production.

The processing method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: no herbicide was used. As the soil of the vegetable garden is weakly acidic, 150 g (15cm planting depth) of ammonium bicarbonate (NH) is uniformly scattered on the surface of each square meter of the vegetable garden₄HCO₃) Then ploughing, raking for fine land preparation, and uniformly watering and permeating water after land preparation is finished. Covering with plastic cloth, the whole plant of the weeds on the ground surface dies within 1-2 days. In use, NH₄HCO₃Combined with water, absorb heat instantly, continue to seep downwards and gradually reach the underground. Over time, NH₄HCO₃The infiltration concentration is gradually increased, heat is gradually absorbed, a low-temperature and high-concentration ion environment can be formed, so that the weeds are rapidly frozen, the electrolyte balance in the cells of the grass plants is damaged, the infiltration substances are decomposed into ammonia gas, carbon dioxide and the like to deteriorate the rhizosphere environment, and finally the whole weeds are dead.

After 4 to 7 days, the plastic cloth is removed, and the flowering cabbage can be sown or planted after being turned.

Example 2

This example provides a weed-killing method for killing weed species in a nursery soil prior to planting potatoes in the nursery. The planting time of the potatoes is generally 3 months at the end of each year, and the potatoes can be planted at the ground temperature of about 18 ℃. Weed and weed species killing is carried out on the soil in advance at the beginning of 3 months. In the early 3 months, only rare grass buds sprout on the ground surface, and the temperature is lower than 20 ℃.

The processing method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:no herbicide was used. As the soil of the vegetable garden is weakly acidic, 100g of ammonium bicarbonate (NH) is uniformly sprinkled on the vegetable garden per square meter of ground surface (20cm of planting depth)₄HCO₃) Then ploughing, raking for fine land preparation, and uniformly watering and permeating water after land preparation is finished. Therefore, the temperature is low at this moment, and the transparent mulching film is covered for heat preservation. Covering for 10 days, removing the transparent mulching film, and planting potatoes in the whole land. During the 2-3 months of potato growth, few weeds sprout.

Example 3

This example provides a weed-killing method for weed-killing before planting red amaranth in a nursery. The planting time of the red amaranth is 5-8 months, and weeds on a vegetable garden are killed 10-15 days before the first round of planting. At the moment, the land is dense in weeds, and dicotyledonous weeds and monocotyledonous weeds are half-mixed, so that the advantages of high air temperature, namely the temperature can be about 30 ℃ every day.

The processing method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: no herbicide was used. As the soil of the vegetable garden is weakly acidic, and the vegetable garden has more weeds. Saturated ammonium bicarbonate water solution is prepared first, and these surface weeds are sprayed until the grass leaves are completely wet. After covering the mulching film for 2 days, removing the mulching film, and killing the whole weed. Then uniformly spreading 75 g (reduced because the weeds on the ground surface are killed in advance) of ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH) on the ground surface of every square meter (15cm planting depth) of vegetable garden₄HCO₃) Then ploughing, raking for fine land preparation, and uniformly watering and permeating water after land preparation is finished. Covering with mulching film for 4 days, removing the mulching film, digging shallow trench, sowing red amaranth seeds, covering with 2-3cm of floating soil, and watering thoroughly. Almost no weed sprouts from the sprouting of the amaranth to the harvest within 1 month, after the first round of amaranth is completely harvested, the land is turned and raked finely, and during the second round of seeding and the harvest, almost no weed sprouts in the vegetable garden.

Example 4

In the vegetable cultivation field, the vegetable garden for planting eggplant is prepared for 1 year, and the alternanthera philoxeroides is grown. Alternanthera philoxeroides, also called revolute grass, alternanthera philoxeroides and the like, can root and germinate at each stem node, can prevent and remove untimely, can grow in a continuous manner, can grow up to 1 meter, and is a malignant weed with great harm. The manual removal is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the root system is very developed and is difficult to eradicate by weeding or hoeing, so that the production generally uses strong herbicide.

The embodiment is processed as follows:

(1) the soil was measured and showed alkaline.

(2) No herbicide is used; when the weather is not rainy and the highest temperature reaches more than 20 ℃, preparing a saturated solution of ammonium bisulfate by using water with the temperature of 40 ℃, spraying the saturated solution onto the alternanthera philoxeroides by using a sprayer after the preparation is finished, and then covering the alternanthera philoxeroides with a heat-preservation plastic cloth. After 3 days, the whole alternanthera philoxeroides plant dies.

(3) Pulling out dead alternanthera philoxeroides, applying 100g of solid ammonium bisulfate to each square meter of land, ploughing soil into a fine harrow (a necessary step for sowing vegetable seeds), wherein the ploughing depth is 20cm, and fully and uniformly mixing the ammonium bisulfate sprinkled on the land with the soil in the process.

(4) Building a water blocking ridge around the land mass, and sprinkling water on the land mass until the ploughing layer is thoroughly wetted.

(5) Covering with mulching film for 5 days, removing the mulching film, and insolating for 2 days.

(6) And (4) raking the land parcel again by using the hoe, breaking the soil lumps, combing, and then spreading the eggplant seeds. No alternanthera philoxeroides sprouts within 4 months from eggplant emergence to fruiting. The eggplant trees grow vigorously, and the fruiting density is high and the yield is high. Eggplants prefer slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soils (soil PH between 6.5 and 7.5), with near neutrality being the best (soil PH 7). The invention improves the alkaline soil of the vegetable field by using the weakly acidic ammonium bisulfate, and is very suitable for the growth of eggplants.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of harmless weed killing, the method comprising: before the selected plot is formally sown or planted with a crop, it is treated as follows:

s1, measuring the acidity and alkalinity of the selected land parcel;

s3, spraying or irrigating clear water on the selected land, so that the ammonium bicarbonate/ammonium carbonate or ammonium bisulfate/ammonium sulfate applied in the soil is dissolved and permeated into the soil; after 3-10 days, the selected plot can be used for seeding or planting of crops.

2. The harmless weed killing method of claim 1, wherein in S2, when the selected plot has a large amount of the soil surface weeds to be killed, the soil surface weeds are killed:

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected land is sprayed or irrigated with clean water and covered with a plastic film on the surface of the selected land to accelerate the killing speed and increase the killing rate of weeds and weed seeds in S3.

4. The harmless weed killing method according to claim 2, wherein when a large amount of soil surface weeds exist in the selected plot and need to be killed, the saturated solution is sprayed on the stems, leaves and roots of the weeds on the surface of the selected plot, and then the weeds on the surface of the selected plot are covered with a plastic film, so that the killing speed of the weeds is accelerated and the killing rate is increased.

5. The harmless weed killing method of claim 1, wherein in S3, before the selected plot is sprayed or irrigated with clear water, a water blocking ridge is built around the selected plot, and then clear water is sprayed or irrigated into the water blocking ridge.

6. The harmless weed killing method according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the plastic film is an IFR heat absorbing film, a high light transmission plastic film or a degradable heat insulating mulching film.

7. The harmless weed-killing method of claim 1 wherein the operating time of S2-S3 is selected in the spring when the soil surface grass has not emerged or only emerged to a small extent.

8. The harmless weed killing method according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the duration of covering with the plastic film is 3 to 10 days.

9. The harmless weed killing method of claim 1, wherein in S3, when the area of the selected plot is large, the selected plot is divided into a plurality of blocks before the selected plot is sprayed or irrigated with clear water, a water blocking ridge is built around each block, and then clear water is sprayed or irrigated into the water blocking ridge; when the soil surface is divided into a plurality of blocks, the areas of the soil surface close to the same height are divided into one block, and water blocking ridges are built around the block.

10. The harmless weed killing method according to claim 2, wherein the clear water for spraying or irrigation is at least one of tap water, irrigation water, underground water, well water, river water, natural ponding; the clear water used for preparing the saturated solution is at least one of tap water, irrigation water, underground water, well water, river water and natural accumulated water.