CN113229021A - Planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of tea garden - Google Patents
Planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests of tea garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN113229021A CN113229021A CN202110541889.4A CN202110541889A CN113229021A CN 113229021 A CN113229021 A CN 113229021A CN 202110541889 A CN202110541889 A CN 202110541889A CN 113229021 A CN113229021 A CN 113229021A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B9/00—Essential oils; Perfumes
- C11B9/0003—Compounds of unspecified constitution defined by the chemical reaction for their preparation
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for preventing and treating tea garden diseases and insect pests, relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and specifically comprises tea garden soil preparation, base fertilizer and planting, seedling stage management, shaping trimming, soil, fertilizer and water management, disease and insect pest prevention and treatment, and then manual picking, wherein the standard requirements of picking are that bud leaves are complete, uniform and clean, the picked abstract of the same plot meets the quality requirement of the same grade every time, and the number of the picked plot is noted. The plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule slowly releases the plant essential oil which has an attraction effect on insects, utilizes the phototaxis characteristic of pests and combines with the pest sticking plate to achieve the aim of continuously trapping and killing the pests such as lesser leafhopper, whitefly, aphid and the like, has small influence on the trapping and killing effect of the pests by weather factors, can realize pollution-free organic pest control, can avoid environmental pollution and increase of planting cost caused by using a large amount of chemical agents, prevents the pollution of pesticides on tea, and can improve the quality of the tea.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a planting method for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests in a tea garden.
Background
The tea is a famous beverage with long history, and can reduce fat and lose weight, promote metabolism, enhance immunity and resist aging if being drunk scientifically for a long time. The golden tea is one of a plurality of tea tree species resources, is an ancient and rare local tea tree species resource, is in the reputation of 'one or two gold or one or two tea', and has stronger cold resistance, drought resistance and disease and insect resistance. The golden tea is a sexual group variety formed by long-term natural selection, has the characteristics of early germination, high yield, high quality, strong stress resistance and the like, but is influenced by climate, soil, topography, cultivation conditions and management technology.
Xiangxi golden tea has more than 700 years of planting history and can be traced back to Ming dynasty. The Xiangxi Huangjin tea tree species has developed into the local industry with abundant people and ecological characteristics due to the quality characteristics of high amino acid, high tea polyphenol, high chlorophyll and high water extract. However, with the large-area reclamation of the barren tea, the planting mode is strip planting, the fertilizing amount is increased step by step, the tender tip density of the tea tree in unit area is obviously increased, the tender tip tenderness is obviously enhanced, the small weather temperature and humidity of the tea garden become stable, and the tea tips are rich in nutrition. Provides a rich environment for the mass propagation of pests such as lesser leafhopper, whitefly, aphid and the like. The generation of pests such as lesser leafhopper, whitefly, aphid and the like is overlapped, the number of individuals is large, the yield of the perennial summer and autumn tea in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river is reduced by 10-15%, and the yield loss of the annual parts is more than 50%. For decades, pest control still depends on pesticide application, and pesticide application is usually carried out for 10 times per year in many tea areas, so that strong pesticide resistance is generated, and the pesticide control effect is weaker and weaker; meanwhile, the tea planting cost is increased, the environment is polluted, the pesticide residue is caused due to frequent and large-amount pesticide application, the health of a drinker is seriously influenced, regular channel sale and export cannot be performed, and the survival of tea farmers is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a planting method for controlling tea garden pests, which does not need to use chemical agents for pest control in the planting process of golden tea, so as to realize pollution-free organic pest control, reduce the cost of tea planting, and improve the yield and quality of tea.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
a planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests in a tea garden specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing soil in a tea garden: removing tree roots, weed roots and stones, deeply ploughing the land to full reclamation, wherein the reclamation depth is 40-50 cm, and leveling the land;
(2) base fertilizer and planting: digging planting furrows, filling 400Kg of farmyard manure and 80Kg of bean cake fertilizer per mu of land into the planting furrows, covering soil with the thickness of 6-11 cm, and transplanting and planting tea trees at intervals of 1-2 days;
(3) seedling stage management: watering the newly-planted seedlings once every 2-3 days in the morning or evening of a sunny day, covering a shading net after the tea seedlings are fixedly planted, and removing the shading net when applying fertilizer in autumn;
(4) shaping and trimming: carrying out first shaping pruning at 15cm above the ground 3d after the tea seedlings are fixedly planted, carrying out second shaping pruning on a main branch at 30cm above the ground in the seedling 2 year, and carrying out third shaping pruning at 50cm above the ground in the seedling 3 year;
(5) and (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: deep ploughing 10-11 months per year, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, the weeds are buried in the soil, 20cm deep ditches are dug between large rows in 11 months, and the deep ploughing is performed in combination with the application of a base fertilizer;
(6) and (3) pest control: 15-20 insect sticking plates are hung on each mu of the plant, and plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules which have an attraction effect on insects are uniformly dispersed in glue layers of the insect sticking plates.
Further, the method for planting the tea trees in the step (2) comprises the following steps: planting the tea tree seedlings according to the line spacing of 40-50 cm and the row spacing of 100-120 cm, hilling the tea tree seedlings to 12-13 cm, and watering the tea tree seedlings thoroughly after planting.
Further, in the step (6), the hanging height of the pest sticking plate is 20-40 cm higher than that of the tree crown.
Further, the method also comprises manual picking, and the standard requirements of the manual picking are as follows: the bud leaves are complete, even and clean, the abstract of the same plot meets the quality requirement of the same grade every time, and the number of the collected plots is noted. Furthermore, the core material of the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule with the effect of attracting insects adopts a plant essential oil mixture of thyme oil, eugenol, clove basil oil, linalool, lemon oil and rosemary oil as a raw material, and the wall material adopts methyl cellulose as a raw material.
Further, the preparation method of the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule with the attraction effect on insects comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing thyme oil, eugenol, clove basil oil, linalool, lemon oil and rosemary oil according to the weight ratio of 1:0.8:1.1:0.9:1.5:2 to obtain a plant essential oil mixture;
s2, pouring the plant essential oil mixture into a container, adding acetone with the volume being 10-15 times that of the plant essential oil mixture, and fully stirring and diluting to obtain plant essential oil mixture diluent;
s3, taking methyl cellulose with the volume of 4-6 times of that of the plant essential oil mixture, fully drying, adding the methyl cellulose into the plant essential oil mixture diluent obtained in the S2, and fully stirring and dispersing to obtain a suspension;
s4, adding sodium sulfate which accounts for 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the plant essential oil mixture into the suspension obtained in the step S3 while stirring, and continuing stirring for 5-10 min after the addition is finished to obtain plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule suspension which has an attraction effect on insects;
and S5, distilling the suspension of the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules with the attraction effect on the insects obtained in the step S4 under reduced pressure to remove acetone, and thus obtaining the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules with the attraction effect on the insects.
Further, the distillation under reduced pressure in S5 is carried out at 35 to 40 ℃ and 0.09 to 0.1 MPa.
Further, the manufacturing method of the insect sticking plate comprises the following steps:
uniformly dispersing plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules which have an attraction effect on insects in insect-sticking glue according to the proportion of 3-5: 100, uniformly coating the insect-sticking glue on the front and back surfaces of a substrate of the insect-sticking board, and then covering release films to obtain the insect-sticking board.
It should be noted that: the insect sticking glue can use a polyurethane adhesive, and the polyurethane adhesive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of polyurethane acrylate composite emulsion, 15-20 parts of glucose, 2-4 parts of dipropylene glycol methyl ether, 0.8-1.0 part of defoaming agent, 0.2-0.3 part of wetting agent, 0.15-0.25 part of slipping agent and 4-7 parts of curing agent microcapsule.
Conventional mythimna separata board is through ultraviolet irradiation, the dust glues glutinous, can cause the mythimna separata effect to descend along with the continuation of time such as rain wash, consequently need frequent change mythimna separata board, and polyurethane adhesive is with low costs, the environmental protection is pollution-free, slowly release the curing agent through adding the curing agent microcapsule, polyurethane adhesive and curing agent slowly react the solidification, realize powerful mythimna separata, the effectual purpose of mythimna separata, can continuously maintain the bonding effect simultaneously, reach the purpose that lasts the mythimna separata, and can use for a long time and avoid frequent change. In addition, a cured product generated by slowly reacting the polyurethane adhesive and the curing agent has excellent mechanical property, heat resistance, water resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and the weather resistance of the pest-sticking adhesive can be improved. And after the pest-sticking glue is completely reacted and solidified, the glue film is torn off, and the pest-sticking glue is coated again, so that the repeated use of the pest-sticking plate is realized.
The preparation method of the polyurethane adhesive comprises the following steps:
adding deionized water which is 0.06-0.07 times of the weight of the polyurethane acrylate composite emulsion into the polyurethane acrylate composite emulsion, adding dipropylene glycol methyl ether, uniformly stirring, adding a defoaming agent, stirring for 20min, adding a wetting agent, stirring at 2000rpm for 30min, adding a slip agent, continuously stirring for 30min, filtering by using a 120-mesh sampling sieve, adding a curing agent microcapsule, and uniformly stirring.
Further, the preparation method of the curing agent microcapsule is as follows: adding 20 times of anhydrous ethanol by mass into epoxy resin, adding 10-20 wt% of triethylene tetramine by mass of epoxy resin as a curing agent, uniformly mixing, adding cyclohexane isocyanate 6-10 times of the mass of epoxy resin and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate 0.1 times of the mass of epoxy resin, stirring and dispersing for 30min, reacting at 50-60 ℃ for 2h, filtering to remove filtrate, repeatedly washing precipitate with deionized water, and fully drying to obtain the cyclohexane isocyanate curing agent microcapsule taking epoxy resin as a capsule wall material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the plant essential oil which has an attraction effect on insects is slowly released through the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule, and the phototaxis characteristic of pests is utilized, and the pest sticking plate is combined to achieve the purpose of continuously trapping and killing pests such as lesser leafhopper, whitefly, aphid and the like; in addition, the effect of trapping and killing the pests is slightly influenced by weather factors, the pollution-free organic pest control can be realized, the environmental pollution and the increase of planting cost caused by using a large amount of chemical agents can be avoided, the pollution of pesticides to tea leaves is prevented, and the quality of the tea leaves can be improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below:
EXAMPLE one preparation of Pest-sticking glue 1
The insect sticking glue comprises the following raw materials: 700g of polyurethane acrylate composite emulsion, 150g of glucose, 20g of dipropylene glycol methyl ether, 8g of defoaming agent, 2g of wetting agent, 1.5g of slipping agent and 40g of curing agent microcapsule. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) taking 100g of epoxy resin, adding 2000g of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 10g of triethylene tetramine as a curing agent, uniformly mixing, then adding 600g of cyclohexane isocyanate and 10g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, stirring and dispersing for 30min, reacting at 50 ℃ for 2h, filtering to remove filtrate, repeatedly washing precipitates with deionized water, and fully drying to obtain the cyclohexane isocyanate curing agent microcapsule taking the epoxy resin as a capsule wall material.
2) Adding 42g of deionized water into the polyurethane acrylate composite emulsion, adding dipropylene glycol methyl ether, stirring uniformly, adding a defoaming agent, stirring for 20min, adding a wetting agent, stirring at 2000rpm for 30min, adding a slipping agent, stirring continuously for 30min, filtering by using a 120-mesh sampling sieve, adding a curing agent microcapsule, and stirring uniformly.
EXAMPLE two preparation of Pepper adhesive 2
The insect sticking glue comprises the following raw materials: 750g of polyurethane acrylate composite emulsion, 170g of glucose, 30g of dipropylene glycol methyl ether, 9g of defoaming agent, 2.5g of wetting agent, 2g of slipping agent and 60g of curing agent microcapsule. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) taking 100g of epoxy resin, adding 2000g of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 15g of triethylene tetramine as a curing agent, uniformly mixing, then adding 800g of cyclohexane isocyanate and 10g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, stirring and dispersing for 30min, reacting at 55 ℃ for 2h, filtering to remove filtrate, repeatedly washing precipitates with deionized water, and fully drying to obtain the cyclohexane isocyanate curing agent microcapsule taking the epoxy resin as a capsule wall material.
2) Adding 48g of deionized water into the polyurethane acrylate composite emulsion, adding dipropylene glycol methyl ether, stirring uniformly, adding a defoaming agent, stirring for 20min, adding a wetting agent, stirring at 2000rpm for 30min, adding a slipping agent, stirring continuously for 30min, filtering by using a 120-mesh sampling sieve, adding a curing agent microcapsule, and stirring uniformly.
EXAMPLE III preparation of Pest-sticking glue 3
The insect sticking glue comprises the following raw materials: 800g of polyurethane acrylate composite emulsion, 200g of glucose, 40g of dipropylene glycol methyl ether, 10g of antifoaming agent, 3g of wetting agent, 2.5g of slipping agent and 70g of curing agent microcapsule. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) taking 100g of epoxy resin, adding 2000g of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 20g of triethylene tetramine as a curing agent, uniformly mixing, then adding 1000g of cyclohexane isocyanate and 10g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, stirring and dispersing for 30min, reacting at 60 ℃ for 2h, filtering to remove filtrate, repeatedly washing precipitates with deionized water, and fully drying to obtain the cyclohexane isocyanate curing agent microcapsule taking the epoxy resin as a capsule wall material.
2) Adding 56g of deionized water into the polyurethane acrylate composite emulsion, adding dipropylene glycol methyl ether, stirring uniformly, adding a defoaming agent, stirring for 20min, adding a wetting agent, stirring at 2000rpm for 30min, adding a slipping agent, stirring continuously for 30min, filtering by using a 120-mesh sampling sieve, adding a curing agent microcapsule, and stirring uniformly.
Taking the pest-sticking glue prepared in the first to third embodiments, uniformly coating the pest-sticking glue on the front and back surfaces of a pest-sticking plate substrate, taking the pest-sticking glue as an experimental group, and respectively performing a pest control test on a tea garden in Hunan Lvdongshan area tea garden from 8 months to 25 days in 2020; the pest sticking plates take yellow/blue as pigment, 20 pest sticking plates are hung per mu, the hanging height is that the lower edge of each pest sticking plate is 30cm away from the top end of a tea bush, the haha glue pest sticking plates are used as a control group, 10 pest sticking plates are hung in each group, 5 tea rows are arranged at intervals in different groups, the trapping and killing amount of each group of lesser green leafhoppers and whiteflies is investigated after 5d, 15d, 25d and 35d are placed, the pest on the pest sticking plates is scraped by using saw blades after each investigation, and the average trapping and killing amount (only/plate) is calculated. The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the experimental data in Table 1, the pest sticking boards prepared by the pest sticking glue prepared in the first to third embodiments have better trapping and killing effects on lesser leafhoppers and whiteflies and longer duration time compared with the common pest sticking boards. Therefore, the insect-sticking glue prepared by the invention has the performance required by the field insect-sticking glue, and can be normally used on insect-sticking boards.
Example four preparation of plant essential oil sustained-release microcapsule having attracting effect to insects 1
Respectively taking 20g of thyme oil, 16g of eugenol, 22g of clove basil oil, 18g of linalool, 30g of lemon oil and 40g of rosemary oil, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil mixture; pouring the plant essential oil mixture into a container, adding 1580mL of acetone, fully stirring and diluting to obtain a plant essential oil mixture diluent, taking 790g of methylcellulose, fully drying, adding the dried methylcellulose into the plant essential oil mixture diluent, fully stirring and dispersing to obtain a turbid liquid, adding 1.17g of sodium sulfate into the turbid liquid while stirring, continuously stirring for 5min to obtain a plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule turbid liquid with an attraction effect on insects, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation at 35 ℃ under the condition of 0.09MPa to remove the acetone, thus obtaining the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule with the attraction effect on the insects.
Example five preparation of plant essential oil sustained-release microcapsule having attracting effect to insects 2
Respectively taking 20g of thyme oil, 16g of eugenol, 22g of clove basil oil, 18g of linalool, 30g of lemon oil and 40g of rosemary oil, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil mixture; pouring the plant essential oil mixture into a container, adding 1580mL of acetone, fully stirring and diluting to obtain a plant essential oil mixture diluent, taking 790g of methylcellulose, fully drying, adding the dried methylcellulose into the plant essential oil mixture diluent, fully stirring and dispersing to obtain a suspension, adding 1.16g of sodium sulfate into the suspension while stirring, continuously stirring for 8min to obtain a plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule suspension with an attraction effect on insects, and distilling under reduced pressure at 38 ℃ and 0.095MPa to remove the acetone to obtain the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule with the attraction effect on the insects.
EXAMPLE six preparation of plant essential oil sustained-release microcapsules having an attracting effect to insects 3
Respectively taking 20g of thyme oil, 16g of eugenol, 22g of clove basil oil, 18g of linalool, 30g of lemon oil and 40g of rosemary oil, and uniformly mixing to obtain a plant essential oil mixture; pouring the plant essential oil mixture into a container, adding 1580mL of acetone, fully stirring and diluting to obtain a plant essential oil mixture diluent, taking 790g of methylcellulose, fully drying, adding the dried methylcellulose into the plant essential oil mixture diluent, fully stirring and dispersing to obtain a suspension, adding 1.75g of sodium sulfate into the suspension while stirring, continuously stirring for 10min to obtain a plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule suspension with an attraction effect on insects, and carrying out reduced pressure distillation at 40 ℃ under the condition of 0.1MPa to remove the acetone, thus obtaining the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule with the attraction effect on the insects.
Example seven: preparation of insect sticking plate 1
Uniformly dispersing the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules which are prepared in the fourth embodiment and have an attraction effect on insects into the armyworm glue according to the proportion of 3: 100; and uniformly coating the pest-sticking glue on the front and back surfaces of the substrate of the pest-sticking board, and then coating the release film to obtain the pest-sticking board.
Example eight: preparation of insect sticking plate 2
Uniformly dispersing the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules which are prepared in the fifth embodiment and have an attraction effect on insects into the armyworm glue according to the proportion of 4: 100; and uniformly coating the pest-sticking glue on the front and back surfaces of the substrate of the pest-sticking board, and then coating the release film to obtain the pest-sticking board.
Example nine: preparation of insect sticking plate 3
Uniformly dispersing the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules which are prepared in the sixth embodiment and have the attraction effect on insects into the armyworm glue according to the proportion of 5: 100; and uniformly coating the pest-sticking glue on the front and back surfaces of the substrate of the pest-sticking board, and then coating the release film to obtain the pest-sticking board.
Example ten: manufacture of insecticidal devices
The plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules which are prepared in the fifth embodiment and have the effect of attracting insects are uniformly dispersed in the pest sticking glue according to the proportion of 4:100, the pest sticking glue is uniformly coated on the periphery of the insect attracting basin, and the insect attracting liquid is arranged in the insect attracting basin, so that the insect killing device with the effect of sticking insects at 360 degrees is formed (refer to the Chinese utility model patent with the application number of CN 202020261325.6: 3, the insect attracting basin; 4, the insect sticking plate; 5, the insect attracting liquid).
Taking the pest sticking boards manufactured in the seventh to ninth embodiments and the pest killing devices manufactured in the tenth embodiment as experimental groups, respectively performing pest control experiments on tea gardens, wherein the experiments are performed on tea gardens in Hunan Ludongshan area from 9 months to 5 days in 2020; the sticky trap takes yellow/blue as a pigment, 20 sticky traps per mu are hung at a height of 30cm from the top end of a tea bush at the lower edge of the sticky trap, common sticky traps without plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules which have an attraction effect on insects are used as a control group, 10 sticky traps are hung in each group, 5 tea rows are arranged at intervals in different groups, the trapping and killing amount of the groups of lesser leafhoppers and whiteflies is investigated after the groups are placed for 1d, 5d, 10d, 15d and 20d, insects on the sticky trap are scraped by using a saw blade after each investigation, and the average trapping and killing amount (only/plate) is calculated. The test results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the experimental data in table 2, the armyworm plates manufactured in the seventh to ninth examples have better trapping and killing effects on lesser green leafhoppers and whiteflies and longer duration after the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules which have an attracting effect on insects are added to the armyworm plates manufactured in the seventh to ninth examples compared with the common armyworm plates. Compared with a sex attractant product, the application of the plant essence attractant can obtain better control effect and can effectively improve the yield of tea; the trapping and killing effect on the pests is slightly influenced by weather factors, the pollution-free organic pest control can be realized, the environmental pollution and the increase of planting cost caused by using a large amount of chemical agents can be avoided, the pollution of pesticides to the tea leaves can be prevented, and the quality of the tea leaves can be improved. In addition, the insecticidal device prepared in the tenth embodiment is used, and the trapping and killing effects on the lesser leafhopper and the trialeurodes vaporariorum are further improved compared with those of the seventh embodiment to the ninth embodiment by only using the armyworm plate.
Example eleven: planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests in tea garden 1
(1) Preparing soil in a tea garden: removing tree roots, weed roots and stones, deeply ploughing the land to full reclamation with the reclamation depth of 40cm, and leveling the terrain;
(2) base fertilizer and planting: digging planting furrows, filling 400Kg of farmyard manure and 80Kg of bean cake fertilizer per mu of land into the planting furrows, covering soil with the thickness of 6cm, transplanting and planting tea trees after 1 day interval, planting tea tree seedlings according to the row spacing of 40cm and the column spacing of 100cm, ridging the soil with the thickness of 12cm, and watering thoroughly after planting;
(3) seedling stage management: watering the newly-planted seedlings once every 2 days in the morning or evening of a sunny day, covering a shading net after the tea seedlings are fixedly planted, and removing the shading net when fertilizing in autumn;
(4) shaping and trimming: carrying out first shaping pruning at 15cm above the ground 3d after the tea seedlings are fixedly planted, carrying out second shaping pruning on a main branch at 30cm above the ground in the 2 nd year, and carrying out third shaping pruning at 50cm above the ground in the 3 rd year;
(5) and (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: deep ploughing is carried out every 10 months, the depth of the deep ploughing is 25cm, weeds are buried in the soil, 20cm deep ditches are dug between large rows in 11 months, and the deep ploughing is carried out in combination with base fertilizer application;
(6) and (3) pest control: 15 pest sticking plates manufactured according to the ninth embodiment are hung in each mu, and the hanging height of the pest sticking plates is 20-40 cm higher than that of the tree crowns;
(7) picking: and (4) manually picking, wherein the standard requirements of manual picking are that the bud leaves are complete, even and clean, the picked abstract of the same plot meets the quality requirement of the same grade every time, and the number of the picked plot is noted.
Example twelve: planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests in tea garden 2
(1) Preparing soil in a tea garden: removing tree roots, weed roots and stones, deeply ploughing the land to full reclamation, wherein the reclamation depth is 40-50 cm, and leveling the land;
(2) base fertilizer and planting: digging planting furrows, filling 400Kg of farmyard manure and 80Kg of bean cake fertilizer into the planting furrows per mu of land, covering soil with the thickness of 8m, transplanting and planting tea trees after 1.5 days, planting the tea trees at the row spacing of 45cm and the column spacing of 110cm, ridging 12.5cm, and watering thoroughly after planting;
(3) seedling stage management: watering the newly planted seedlings once every 2.5 days in the morning or evening of a sunny day, covering a shading net after the tea seedlings are fixedly planted, and removing the shading net when applying fertilizer in autumn;
(4) shaping and trimming: carrying out first shaping pruning at 15cm above the ground 3d after the tea seedlings are fixedly planted, carrying out second shaping pruning on a main branch at 30cm above the ground in the 2 nd year, and carrying out third shaping pruning at 50cm above the ground in the 3 rd year;
(5) and (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: deep ploughing is carried out every 11 months, the depth of the deep ploughing is 28cm, weeds are buried in the soil, 20cm deep ditches are dug between large rows in 11 months, and the deep ploughing is carried out in combination with base fertilizer application;
(6) and (3) pest control: respectively hanging 18 insect sticking plates manufactured according to the ninth embodiment in each mu, wherein the hanging height of the insect sticking plates is 30cm higher than that of the tree crowns;
(7) picking: and (4) manually picking, wherein the standard requirements of manual picking are that the bud leaves are complete, even and clean, the picked abstract of the same plot meets the quality requirement of the same grade every time, and the number of the picked plot is noted.
Example thirteen: planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests in tea garden 3
(1) Preparing soil in a tea garden: removing tree roots, weed roots and stones, deeply ploughing the land to full reclamation, wherein the reclamation depth is 40-50 cm, and leveling the land;
(2) base fertilizer and planting: digging planting furrows, filling 400Kg of farmyard manure and 80Kg of bean cake fertilizer per mu of land into the planting furrows, covering soil with the thickness of 11cm, transplanting and planting tea trees after 2 days, planting tea tree seedlings according to the row spacing of 50cm and the column spacing of 120cm, ridging 13cm, and watering thoroughly after planting;
(3) seedling stage management: watering the newly planted seedlings once every 3 days in the morning or evening of a sunny day, covering a shading net after the tea seedlings are fixedly planted, and removing the shading net when fertilizing in autumn;
(4) shaping and trimming: carrying out first shaping pruning at 15cm above the ground 3d after the tea seedlings are fixedly planted, carrying out second shaping pruning on a main branch at 30cm above the ground in the 2 nd year, and carrying out third shaping pruning at 50cm above the ground in the 3 rd year;
(5) and (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: deep ploughing is carried out in 11 months every year, the depth of the deep ploughing is 30cm, weeds are buried in the soil, 20cm deep ditches are dug between large rows in 11 months, and the deep ploughing is carried out in combination with base fertilizer application.
(6) And (3) pest control: respectively hanging 20 insect sticking plates manufactured according to the nine embodiments in each mu, wherein the hanging height of the insect sticking plates is 40cm higher than that of the tree crowns;
(7) picking: and (4) manually picking, wherein the standard requirements of manual picking are that the bud leaves are complete, even and clean, the picked abstract of the same plot meets the quality requirement of the same grade every time, and the number of the picked plot is noted.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (8)
1. The planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests in the tea garden is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing soil in a tea garden: removing tree roots, weed roots and stones, deeply ploughing the land to full reclamation, wherein the reclamation depth is 40-50 cm, and leveling the land;
(2) base fertilizer and planting: digging planting furrows, filling 400Kg of farmyard manure and 80Kg of bean cake fertilizer per mu of land into the planting furrows, covering soil with the thickness of 6-11 cm, and transplanting and planting tea trees at intervals of 1-2 days;
(3) seedling stage management: watering the newly-planted seedlings once every 2-3 days in the morning or evening of a sunny day, covering a shading net after the tea seedlings are fixedly planted, and removing the shading net when fertilizing in autumn;
(4) shaping and trimming: carrying out first shaping pruning at 15cm above the ground 3d after the tea seedlings are fixedly planted, carrying out second shaping pruning on a main branch at 30cm above the ground in the 2 nd year, and carrying out third shaping pruning at 50cm above the ground in the 3 rd year;
(5) and (3) soil, fertilizer and water management: deep ploughing 10-11 months per year, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, the weeds are buried in the soil, 20cm deep ditches are dug between large rows in 11 months, and the deep ploughing is performed in combination with the application of a base fertilizer;
(6) and (3) pest control: 15-20 pest sticking plates are hung in each mu, and plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules which have an attraction effect on insects are uniformly dispersed in an adhesive layer of each pest sticking plate.
2. The planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests in a tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core material of the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule having an attracting effect on insects is prepared from a mixture of plant essential oils of thyme oil, eugenol, clove basil oil, linalool, lemon oil and rosemary oil, and the wall material is prepared from methylcellulose.
3. The planting method for controlling tea garden pests and diseases according to claim 2, wherein the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule with the insect attracting effect is prepared by the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing thyme oil, eugenol, clove basil oil, linalool, lemon oil and rosemary oil according to the weight ratio of 1:0.8:1.1:0.9:1.5:2 to obtain a plant essential oil mixture;
s2, pouring the plant essential oil mixture into a container, adding acetone with the volume being 10-15 times that of the plant essential oil mixture, and fully stirring and diluting to obtain plant essential oil mixture diluent;
s3, taking methyl cellulose with the volume of 4-6 times of that of the plant essential oil mixture, fully drying, adding the methyl cellulose into the plant essential oil mixture diluent obtained in the S2, and fully stirring and dispersing to obtain a suspension;
s4, adding sodium sulfate which accounts for 0.8-1.2% of the weight of the plant essential oil mixture into the suspension obtained in the step S3 while stirring, and continuing stirring for 5-10 min after the addition is finished to obtain plant essential oil slow-release microcapsule suspension which has an attraction effect on insects;
and S5, distilling the suspension of the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules with the attraction effect on the insects obtained in the step S4 under reduced pressure to remove acetone, and thus obtaining the plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules with the attraction effect on the insects.
4. The planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests in a tea garden as claimed in claim 3, wherein the reduced pressure distillation in S5 is carried out at 35-40 ℃ and 0.09-0.1 MPa.
5. The planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests in the tea garden as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the manufacturing method of the pest sticking plate comprises the following steps:
uniformly dispersing plant essential oil slow-release microcapsules which have an attraction effect on insects in insect-sticking glue according to the proportion of 3-5: 100, uniformly coating the insect-sticking glue on the front and back surfaces of a substrate of the insect-sticking board, and then covering a release film to obtain the insect-sticking board.
6. The planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests in the tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for planting the tea trees in the step (2) comprises the following steps: planting the tea tree seedlings according to the line spacing of 40-50 cm and the row spacing of 100-120 cm, hilling the tea tree seedlings to 12-13 cm, and watering thoroughly after planting.
7. The planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests in a tea garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the hanging height of the pest sticking plate is 20-40 cm higher than that of a crown.
8. The planting method for preventing and treating diseases and pests in a tea garden as claimed in claim 1, further comprising manual picking, wherein the standard requirements of the manual picking are as follows: the bud leaves are complete, even and clean, the abstract of the same plot meets the quality requirement of the same grade every time, and the number of the collected plots is noted.
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