CN113207571A - Parasitic cultivation method for savatier monochasma herb - Google Patents
Parasitic cultivation method for savatier monochasma herb Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention provides a parasitic cultivation method of savatier monochasma, which comprises a host plant cultivation step and a parasitic material transplanting step at the root of the host plant, wherein the host plant comprises one or two of gardenia and rhododendron moubata, the parasitic material comprises one or more of savatier monochasma seeds, savatier monochasma seedlings and savatier monochasma branches, and the gardenia comprises gardenia seedling spikes; the culture method provided by the invention has the following technical effects: the invention adopts dicotyledonous shrub gardenia and rhododendron moulmainense as host for cultivation, is favorable for improving the survival rate of the antlerpilose grass compared with the method without adopting parasitic cultivation, and can quickly grow to be harvested, thereby realizing that the antlerpilose grass can be harvested and used for medicine after being sown for 16-24 months.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a parasitic cultivation method of savatier monochasma herb.
Background
The pilose antler grass is a frequently used herb in folk, is derived from the scrophulariaceae plant, the pilose antler grass Monochama savatieri Franchent ex Maximowicz, has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, dispelling wind and relieving pain, and cooling blood and stopping bleeding, is mainly used for treating cold, dysphoria with smothery sensation, cough, hematemesis, red dysentery, hematochezia, irregular menstruation, rheumatic bone pain, toothache, acute mastitis and the like, and is also adopted by a large number of patent formulas. However, the medicinal materials of the pilose antler grass depend on wild resources so far, and large-scale artificial cultivation is not realized. In recent years, the problem of resource shortage of wild savatier Shashancao is very prominent, and the wild savatier Shashancao is urgently needed to be changed into the family.
The scientific literature reports of the artificial cultivation technology of the pilose antler grass are very few, and the published patents mainly relate to some technologies of the pilose antler grass seedling cultivation. Chinese patent document CN111386981A adopts a pot culture mode to co-culture with monocotyledons to obtain plants in a complete living period, but the large-scale production cannot be realized yet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a parasitic cultivation method of savatier monochasma herb. The invention adopts the cervus elaphus linnaeus parasitic cultivation technology with gardenia and rhododendron tricholobus as hosts, and practice proves that the large-scale production can be realized.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a parasitic cultivation method of savatier monochasma, which comprises a host plant cultivation step and a parasitic material transplanting step at the root of the host plant, wherein the host plant comprises one or two of gardenia and rhododendron moubata, the parasitic material comprises one or more of savatier monochasma seeds, savatier monochasma seedlings, savatier monochasma cutting seedlings and savatier monochasma branches, and the gardenia comprises gardenia seedling cuttage spikes.
Further, the distance between two adjacent host plants in the step of cultivating the host plants is 6-10 cm.
Further, the step of transplanting the parasitic material at the root of the host plant specifically comprises the following steps: transferring the parasitic material of the pilose antler grass into a position 3-5 cm away from the main stem of the host plant and 5-10 cm away from the space between two adjacent pilose antler grass plants.
Further, the parasitic material of the velvet grass is the seedling of the velvet grass of 2 months old.
Furthermore, the cultivation soil for cultivating the host plant and the parasitic material of the pilose antler grass has good air permeability, and the pH value is 5-6.5.
Further, the method also comprises the following field management steps: watering according to soil moisture content, and removing the grass immediately.
Furthermore, the plant height of the host plant is 30-50 cm.
Further, before cultivating the host plant, an organic fertilizer is mixed into the cultivation soil, and the organic fertilizer is fermented sheep manure.
The parasitic cultivation method provided by the invention has the following technical effects: the invention adopts dicotyledonous shrub gardenia and rhododendron moulmainense as host for cultivation, is favorable for improving the survival rate of the antlerpilose grass compared with the method without adopting parasitic cultivation, and can quickly grow to be harvested, thereby realizing that the antlerpilose grass can be harvested and used for medicine after being sown for 16-24 months.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a plant of 12 months old parasitic cultivation of Monochasma papyrifera;
FIG. 2 shows the plant from sowing to 19 months of large-scale parasitic cultivation of pantoea herb.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In an endangered medicinal material breeding engineering laboratory of medicinal plant research institute of Chinese medical academy of sciences, host cultivation is carried out in 5 months in 2018; the host is potted by seedlings with the plant height of 30-50 cm, 45 pots are cultivated in total, the host plant is dicotyledonous rhododendron trichocarpa, the cultivation soil is good in ventilation, the pH value is 5-6.5, and the dicotyledonous rhododendron trichocarpa is mixed with an organic fertilizer in advance and uniformly stirred;
carrying out parasitic operation in the current 9 months, wherein the velvet grass parasitic material adopts velvet grass seedlings of 2 months old, the velvet grass seedlings of 2 months old are obtained by collecting wild velvet grass seeds in the Lishui of Zhejiang river for seedling culture, poking the soil surface layer at the position which is 3-5 cm away from the main stem of the host plant and 5-10 cm away from the adjacent two velvet grass seeds, transplanting the velvet grass seedlings into the soil surface layer, watering according to the soil moisture before harvesting, removing grass immediately, keeping the velvet grass continuously growing when the velvet grass grows to 5-6 months, keeping the survival rate of 74%, starting to bloom sporadically in the 6 th month of parasitic operation, reaching the size of an adult plant in the wild state in 11 months of 2019, leading the seedling rate to reach 92% beside each host, leading the number of stems to reach 15-32 single plants, leading the length of half stems to reach 15-20 cm, reaching the specification of commercial velvet grass, and the velvet grass harvested by the method of the embodiment 1 is shown in figure 1, and harvesting and processing to obtain the antlerpilose grass, wherein the survival rate of the parasitic material as the seedling in all embodiments of the invention is calculated as follows: the number of surviving antlerpilose grass seedlings/the total number of the planted antlerpilose grass seedlings is 100%.
Example 2
The grass ecological greenhouse of the institute of medicinal plants of Chinese medical academy of sciences is cultivated in 2018 at 9 months, gardenia is adopted as a host plant, the plant height of the host plant is 30-50 cm, the velvet antler grass seeds are planted in a direct seeding and parasitizing mode, the velvet antler grass seeds are collected from Zhejiang Lishui wild plants and potted in 45 pots, the cultivation soil is good in air permeability and 5.5 in pH value, organic fertilizer is mixed in the cultivation soil before the host plant is cultivated, the parasitizing operation is that velvet antler grass seeds are dibbled at the position 3-5 cm away from the main stem of the host plant and 5-10 cm away from the adjacent two velvet antler grass seeds, 10 velvet antler grass seeds are planted in each hole, watering is carried out according to the soil moisture before harvesting, grass is immediately removed, flowers start to the 8 months of parasitizing operation, the adult plant size reaches the wild state at 18 months, the survival rate is 23%, the seedling rate reaches 95% beside each host, the number reaches 12-24 stems of the single plant, the length of half of the stem branches reaches 15-23 cm, the specifications of the commercial pilose antler grass are reached, the pilose antler grass can be obtained through harvesting and processing, and the calculation method of the survival rate of the embodiment is as follows: the number of surviving pilose antler grass seedlings/the number of sown seeds is 100%, the sowing method is direct sowing of the seeds, so the germination rate is slightly low, the survival rate is greatly reduced, the sowing density of the seeds is 10 seeds per hole, and the seedling rate beside each host is ensured to reach 95%.
Example 3
A planting base of pantocrine grass in Congon medicine in Yichun city of Jiangxi province is characterized in that large-scale intensive seed seedling raising of the pantocrine grass is carried out in 2019 month, large-scale host cultivation is carried out in 10 months, the cultivation area is 3 mu, the cultivation soil is good in ventilation and has a pH value of 6.1, parasitic operation is carried out in 2020 month and 2 month, gardenia is adopted as a host plant, the plant height of the host plant is 30-50 cm, organic fertilizer is mixed into the cultivation soil before the host plant is cultivated, the parasitic operation is that the soil surface layer is poked at a position 3-5 cm away from the main stem of the host plant and 5-10 cm away from the adjacent two pantocrine grass, the pantocrine grass seedlings are transplanted, Shidanli Sanan compound fertilizer is applied in 2020 month and 9 months, N, P is contained, and the compound fertilizer is applied2O5、K2The ratio of O to water is 19:19, the dosage of the plant is 50 kg per mu, watering is carried out according to soil moisture, grass is immediately removed, the velvet grass harvested by the method in the embodiment 3 is shown in figure 2, a few flowers start in 8 th month of parasitic operation, the velvet grass enters a full-bloom stage in 2021 year and 3 months, the velvet grass reaches the size of an adult plant in a wild state, the field statistical survival rate is 63%, the seedling rate beside each host reaches 98%, the number of stems and branches reaches 23-70 of a single plant, the length of half of the stems and branches reaches 15-25 cm, the specification of the commercial velvet grass is reached, and large-scale production is realized.
Example 4
The herbal ecological greenhouse of institute of medicinal plants of academy of Chinese medical science is cultivated in 2018 in 11 months under the following culture conditions: the day temperature is 18-25 ℃ in winter, the night is 13-18 ℃, the summer is not more than 30 ℃, the humidity is 55-65%, the glass top is used for seasonal shading in summer, the parasitic material of the velvet grass is 2-month-old velvet grass cutting seedlings, the hosts adopt gardenias, the plant height of the host plants is 30-50 cm, the cultivation soil is good in ventilation and 5.8 of the pH value, organic fertilizers are mixed in the cultivation soil before the host plants are cultivated, the parasitic operation is that velvet grass cutting slips are directly inserted into the positions 3-5 cm away from the main stems of the host plants, statistics is carried out in 2019 for 11 months, the survival rate of the velvet grass cultivated by using the gardenias as the parasitic materials reaches 68%, the seedling rate beside each host plant is 100%, the number of stem branches of the velvet grass cultivated by parasitic materials reaches 3-12 per plant, and the length of half stem branches reaches 8-15 cm.
Example 5
The herbal ecological greenhouse of institute of medicinal plants of academy of Chinese medical science is cultivated in 11 months in 2018, parasitic materials are 2-month-old pilose antler grass cutting seedlings, host plants adopt rhododendron moulmainense, the plant height of the host plants is 30-50 cm, the cultivation soil is good in ventilation and has a pH value of 5.8, organic fertilizer is mixed into the cultivation soil before the host plants are cultivated, the host plants are potted in 45 pots, the parasitic operation is that pilose antler grass cutting slips are directly inserted into positions 3-5 cm away from the main stems of the host plants, statistics is carried out in 11 months in 2019, the survival rate of the pilose antler grass cultivated by using the rhododendron moulmainense as the parasitic materials reaches 62%, the seedling rate beside each host plant is 100%, the number of stems of the pilose antler grass cultivated in a parasitic manner reaches 3-12 per plant, and the length of half of the stems reaches 8-15 cm, and the survival rate calculation method for the parasitic seedlings by using the medicinal plant materials of all embodiments of the invention is as follows: the number of surviving antlerpilose grass seedlings/the total number of the planted antlerpilose grass cutting seedlings is 100%.
Comparative example 1
The comparison example provides a parasitic cultivation method of the velvet grass, which is different from the method in example 1 in that a host plant (rhododendron moulmainense) is not cultivated, the velvet grass gradually stops growing after 5-6 months after transplantation, the height is less than 10 cm, dead seedlings gradually appear, and the statistical survival rate is only 3% in 11 months in 2019.
Comparative example 2
The comparison example provides a method for parasitic cultivation of antlerpilose grass, which is different from the method of example 4 in that a host plant (gardenia) is not cultivated, and the survival rate of the antlerpilose grass cultivated by the method is only 8%.
Comparative example 3
The comparison example provides a method for parasitic cultivation of antlerpilose grass, which is different from the method in example 1 in that the cultivation soil is good in ventilation, the pH value is 7, and the organic fertilizer is applied after host and parasitic materials are transplanted.
Comparative example 4
The comparison example provides a method for cultivating the cervus elaphus linnaeus parasiticus, and the method is different from the embodiment 1 in that 1-month-old seedlings of the cervus elaphus linnaeus are adopted as parasitic materials.
Comparative example 5
The comparison example provides a method for parasitic cultivation of antlerpilose grass, which is different from the method of example 1 in that the plant height of the host plant is 80-100 cm.
Comparative example 6
The comparison example provides a method for parasitic cultivation of antlerpilose grass, which is different from the method of example 1 in that the plant height of the host plant is less than 30 cm.
Comparative examples 7 to 13
The difference between the parasitic cultivation method of cervus elaphus linnaeus provided in comparative examples 7-13 and example 1 is that the host plants are: loropetalum chinense, Ligustrum quihoui, Camellia oleifera, Buxus microphylla, tea, radix Ophiopogonis and wheat.
Test example 1 test of survival rate and average number of branches of velvet antler grass planted by each set of methods
The antlerpilose grass was planted according to the methods of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 13, and the survival rate and the average number of branches at 12 months after transplantation of the antlerpilose grass in each group were measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 1.
Table 1. survival rate and average number of branches of the velvet antler grass cultivated by each formula method.
| Group of | Survival rate (%) | Average number of branches (strips) |
| Example 1 | 74 | 22.2 |
| Example 2 | 23 | 15.7 |
| Example 3 | 63 | 25.8 |
| Example 4 | 68 | 5.2 |
| Example 5 | 62 | 4.5 |
| Comparative example 1 | 3 | 2.3 |
| Comparative example 2 | 8 | 3.2 |
| Comparative example 3 | 42 | 5.7 |
| Comparative example 4 | 12 | 2.7 |
| Comparative example 5 | 52 | 6.2 |
| Comparative example 6 | 44 | 10.3 |
| Comparative example 7 | 59 | 6.2 |
| Comparative example 8 | 70 | 7.9 |
| Comparative example 9 | 25 | 6.6 |
| Comparative example 10 | 42 | 12.9 |
| Comparative example 11 | 22 | 3.6 |
| Comparative example 12 | 15 | 5.7 |
| Comparative example 13 | 43 | 13.5 |
As can be seen from Table 1, when the dicotyledonous shrub gardenia and the hairy vein rhododendron are used as hosts, the survival rate and the average number of branches are better when the 2-month-old seedlings or cutting seedlings are used for producing the antlerpilose grass, the survival rate is lower when the seeds of the antlerpilose grass are used, but the branch growth is better because the seedling rate near the hosts is 95 percent, the parasitic material used in the examples 4-5 is the cutting seedlings of the antlerpilose grass, the average number of branches is less, but the survival rate is higher, the soil pH value is 7 under the operation condition, the green of the antlerpilose grass is 1 month, when the host height is 80-100 cm or less than 30 cm, the survival rate and the branch condition are not better than those of the examples, the host plant (hairy vein rhododendron) is not cultivated in the comparative example 1, the pilose antlerpilose antlergrass gradually stops growing after being transplanted for 5-6 months, the height is less than 10 cm, dead seedlings gradually appear, the survival rate is only 3% counted for 11 months in 2019, and the differences between the comparative example 2 and the example 4 are the uncultured host plant, the survival rate of the velvet grass cultivated by the method is only 8 percent, the pH value of soil of the comparison example 3 is 7, and after the host and the parasitic material are transplanted, organic fertilizer is applied, the survival rate and the average branch number are both obviously reduced, the parasitic material of the comparison example 4 adopts 1-month-old seedlings of the velvet grass, the survival rate is only 12 percent, the average branch number is only 2.7, the plant height of the host plant of the comparison example 5 is 80-100 cm, the plant height of the host plant of the comparison example 6 is less than 30 cm, the survival rate and the average branch number are both greatly reduced, the comparison examples 7 and 9-13 respectively adopt different hosts, the survival rate is both obviously reduced, and the survival rate is better but the average branch number is less when the ligustrum quihoui is adopted in the comparison example 8.
Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments and examples, but rather, all equivalent variations and modifications are within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims and the specification.
Claims (8)
1. A method for parasitic cultivation of velvet grass is characterized by comprising a host plant cultivation step and a parasitic material transplanting step at roots of the host plant, wherein the host plant comprises one or two of gardenia and rhododendron moulmainense, the parasitic material comprises one or more of velvet grass seeds, velvet grass seedlings, velvet grass cutting seedlings and velvet grass branches, and the gardenia comprises gardenia seedling cutting spikes.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the distance between two adjacent host plants in the step of cultivating host plants is 6-10 cm.
3. The method for the parasitic cultivation of the antlerpilose grass as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of transplanting the parasitic material into the root of the host plant is specifically as follows: transferring the parasitic material of the pilose antler grass into a position 3-5 cm away from the main stem of the host plant and 5-10 cm away from the space between two adjacent pilose antler grass plants.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the parasitic material of velvet antler grass is a 2-month-old seedling of velvet antler grass.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cultivation soil for cultivating the host plant and the parasitic material of velvet grass has good air permeability and a pH of 5-6.5.
6. The method for the parasitic cultivation of antlerpilose grass as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the field management step of: watering according to soil moisture content, and removing the grass immediately.
7. The method for the parasitic cultivation of pantoea herb according to claim 2, wherein the plant height of the host plant is 30-50 cm.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is applied to the cultivation soil before the host plant is cultivated.
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