CN113207456A - Method and device for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes - Google Patents
Method and device for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207456A CN113207456A CN202110270482.2A CN202110270482A CN113207456A CN 113207456 A CN113207456 A CN 113207456A CN 202110270482 A CN202110270482 A CN 202110270482A CN 113207456 A CN113207456 A CN 113207456A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes, wherein the method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing potato scions and pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks; step two, grafting the potato scions to the stock of the pseudotobacco leaf tree; and step three, after the grafted plant survives, covering the grafting opening with hilling to induce the creeping stems of the potatoes to generate, further promoting the formation and the expansion of tubers, and harvesting the tubers after the tubers of the potatoes are mature. According to the invention, the pseudotobacco leaf tree is used as the stock, the potato is used as the scion for grafting, a new potato germplasm is created, the semilethal temperature of the potato cultivar can be reduced, the cold resistance of the potato cultivar is improved, the grafting survival rate is high, the operation is simple and convenient, the method is environment-friendly, and the method has strong practicability and popularization value. In addition, the grafting and shearing device provided by the invention is used for shearing the potato scions and the pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks, so that the grafting survival rate and efficiency of the potato scions and the pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of potato breeding, in particular to a method and a device for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes.
Background
The potato cultivated species is cool, but does not resist low-temperature frost, lacks low-temperature domestication ability, and has almost no genetic variation in the species, the plant stops growing when the temperature is lower than 5-7 ℃, the plant is damaged by cold when the temperature is-0.5-0.8 ℃, the plant is damaged by cold when the temperature is-2 ℃, and the whole plant dies when the temperature is-4 ℃. Four main ecological planting areas for potatoes are threatened by low-temperature frost: the first working area in the north suffers early frost in autumn and abrupt temperature drop; the original Zhongyuan region suffers from early frost in spring and late frost in autumn; the southwest single-season and double-season mixed cropping area is easy to suffer from late spring coldness; in the southern winter crop, the growth period is affected by low temperature because the potatoes are mainly planted in late autumn, winter or early spring, thereby causing great harm to the production. According to the statistics of a special project group of the national potato industry, in the extremely-large low-temperature frost disaster occurring in the south of 2008, 2 months, the disaster area of potatoes in all places of a winter working area is as high as 40.93 ten thousand hm2About 10 hundred million yuan of direct economic loss is caused, and great economic loss is caused to potato growers. Therefore, the cultivation of cold-resistant potato germplasm has great economic value and wide market prospect. In the prior art (publication No. CN108157163A, an ecological breeding method for winter potato varieties) it is recorded that the cold-resistant potato varieties are obtained by combining the means of resource collection, screening, parent hybridization, low-temperature domestication of seedling, low-temperature domestication and screening of seedling, natural selection under the condition of winter and the like. However, the method in the prior art is complex in breeding, easy to be influenced by natural environment and difficult to popularize and apply. Therefore, it is desirable to design a cultivation method capable of solving the above technical problems. At present, research and report for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes by taking a pseudotobacco leaf tree as a rootstock and taking potatoes as scions are not seen.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potato with high efficiency, low cost, simple operation and convenient implementation.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for creating cold resistant germplasm of potatoes, comprising the steps of:
firstly, preparing potato scions and pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks;
step two, grafting the potato scions to the stock of the pseudotobacco leaf tree;
and step three, after the grafted plant survives, covering the grafting opening with hilling, inducing the creeping stems of the potatoes to generate, further promoting the formation and the expansion of tubers, and after the tubers of the potatoes are mature, harvesting the tubers, namely the cold-resistant germplasm of the potatoes.
Preferably, in the step one, the potato scion is obtained by seedling culture of potato tissue culture or stock seed, the stock of the pseudotobacco leaf tree is obtained by seedling culture of root cutting or seed seedling culture of the pseudotobacco leaf tree, and the grafting can be carried out when the potato seedling and the pseudotobacco leaf tree are as high as 10-15cm and have consistent stem thickness.
Preferably, the specific operation of grafting the potato scion to the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock in the step two is as follows: the method comprises the steps of transversely cutting off the top end of a seedling of the pseudotobacco leaf tree from a position 2-3cm away from the ground, removing lower leaves and axillary buds from the cut position, cutting a longitudinal cut from the middle of a stock stem, cutting off 2-3 leaves of a selected thick, short and strong scion seedling from a top bud, performing grafting combination by using a sharp blade, longitudinally cutting a smooth V-shaped cut with the depth of 1-2cm at the center of the stock cut, inserting the potato scion cut into a double-faced wedge shape into the cut of the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock, and fixing the potato scion by using a vegetable grafting frame.
Preferably, the operation of covering the grafting opening with the earthing up in the third step is as follows: the ridging is 10-20cm higher than the grafting opening, the generation of stolons of the potatoes is induced, the formation and the expansion of potato tubers are further promoted, the shading rate is controlled to be more than 80%, the air humidity is controlled to be 85%, and the soil humidity is controlled to be 75% until the potato tubers grow to be mature.
Preferably, the tuber harvesting in step three is specifically operated as: and (3) killing seedlings 3-4 weeks before harvesting, and harvesting when seedling vines wither and tubers are separated from stolons.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step four of measuring the semi-lethal temperature of the harvested tubers, specifically: sowing seeds when the resting period of the harvested tubers is over, selecting complete functional leaves when seedlings emerge for 21-28 days, calculating the semi-lethal temperature by adopting an electrolyte leakage method, and measuring the cold resistance of the tubers.
The invention also provides a grafting and shearing device, which is used for grafting of the cold-resistant germplasm of potato of the invention, and the grafting and shearing device comprises:
the cutting part is used for cutting the scion and the rootstock and comprises two arc plates capable of being opened and closed and two blades arranged on the two arc plates, knife backs of the two blades are respectively arranged in arc openings of the two arc plates, cutting edges extend downwards in an inclined mode towards the arc openings of the arc plates on the opposite sides, the cutting edges cross over the separating surfaces of the arc plates, and the cutting edges of the two blades are mutually contacted to form a V shape when the two arc plates are closed to form a similar cylinder shape;
a control part for controlling two arcs open and shut, the control part includes first arm body and second arm body, the one end of first arm body and second arm body sets up with two arcs respectively, the first arm body and second arm body are radially parallel with the split surface of two arcs, be provided with a plurality of guide arms on the second arm body, be provided with the through-hole that corresponds with a plurality of guide arms on the first arm body for a plurality of guide arms on the second arm body correspond the slip cap with the through-hole on the first arm body and establish.
Preferably, the control part further comprises a first hinged rod and a second hinged rod, one end of the first hinged rod and one end of the second hinged rod are respectively connected with the other end of the first arm body and the other end of the second arm body, and the first hinged rod and the second hinged rod are hinged in a mode that the middle parts of the first hinged rod and the second hinged rod are crossed mutually.
Preferably, the control part further comprises a first handle and a second handle, one end of the first handle and one end of the second handle are respectively connected with the other end of the first hinged rod and the other end of the second hinged rod, and a spring is arranged between the first handle and the second handle.
Preferably, the two arc-shaped plates are arc-shaped plates with adjustable arc length; the two blades and the arc-shaped plate are detachably arranged.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the cold-resistant germplasm of the potato is created by grafting the potato scion to the pseudotobacco leaf tree, so that the operation flow of creating the cold-resistant germplasm of the potato is simplified, the time for creating the cold-resistant germplasm of the potato is shortened, the efficiency for creating the cold-resistant germplasm of the potato is improved, the semi-lethal temperature of a potato cultivar is reduced, the cold resistance of the potato cultivar is improved, and the barrier that the potato cultivar is not resistant to low-temperature frost is broken through to a certain extent.
The invention has the advantages of quick effect, low cost, high success rate, simple and convenient operation, environmental protection, and stronger practicability and popularization value.
After the grafting survives, a large amount of creeping stems of the potatoes can be induced to generate by earthing up 10-20cm higher than the grafting opening, so that the tubers of the potatoes are promoted to form and expand, a large amount of cold-resistant germplasm of the potatoes is finally obtained, and a new direction is opened up for creating the cold-resistant germplasm of the potatoes.
The two blades of the grafting shearing device are correspondingly opened and closed along with the opening and closing of the two arc-shaped plates, and the blades of the two blades are used for continuously shearing the scions and the stocks which are moved into the similar cylinders into V-shaped fractures, so that the flatness of the fractures is improved, the soft potato seedlings are prevented from being damaged in the shearing process, and the grafting survival rate and the grafting efficiency are improved; when the cutting device is used, the two arc plates can be selected to be closed into a cylinder shape, the minimum inner diameter of the cylinder shape is in the range of 0.3-0.8cm larger than the diameter of a potato seedling, the height of the arc plates is in the range of 1.5-3cm, and the two blades are arranged in the middle of the height of the arc plates, so that the cutting device plays a good role in protecting the soft potato seedling. During shearing, the scion and the stock slightly move downwards along the shearing force, so that the scion and the stock are sheared into V-shaped fractures in the cylinder, and the grafting survival rate and the grafting efficiency are improved.
Fifthly, the two arc-shaped plates are arranged to be arc-shaped plates with adjustable arc lengths; two blades and arc are for dismantling the setting, when making scion and stock of shearing seedling footpath difference, the arc length is adjusted to the accessible, satisfies the scion and the stock of different seedling footpaths and cuts to the cutting edge of blade spanes the arc mouth that length on the splitting face of arc is greater than the arc board, when realizing adjusting the arc length, does not influence and shears into V-arrangement fracture to scion and stock in the drum. When the blade becomes dull in use, it can be removed and replaced.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a grafting and shearing device for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes according to one implementation form of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the two arc plates of fig. 3 when closed.
Wherein, the arc plate 1; a blade 2; a guide bar 3; a first arm body 4; a first hinge lever 5; a hinged shaft 6; a first handle 7; a spring 8; a second arm 9.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description.
It should be noted that the experimental procedures mentioned in the following examples are conventional procedures unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials mentioned are commercially available without otherwise specified. In the description of the present invention, the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and does not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
< example 1>
A method for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing potato scions and pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks; the potato scion is obtained by tissue culture seedlings of potatoes (Guinong potato No. 1), the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock is obtained by cutting and seedling raising of roots of the pseudotobacco leaf tree, and when the potato seedlings and the pseudotobacco leaf tree seedlings are 10-15cm high and have the same stem thickness, the next grafting work can be carried out;
step two, grafting the potato scions on the pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks, and specifically operating as follows: transversely cutting off the top end of a seedling of the pseudotobacco leaf tree from a position 2-3cm away from the ground, removing lower leaves and axillary buds from the cut position, cutting a longitudinal cut from the middle of a stock stem, cutting off 2-3 leaves from the top bud of the selected thick, short and strong scion seedling, grafting and combining by adopting a sharp blade by using a cleft grafting method, longitudinally cutting a smooth V-shaped cut with the depth of 1-2cm at the center of the stock cut, inserting the potato scion cut into a double-sided wedge shape into the cut of the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock, and fixing by using a vegetable grafting frame;
step three, when the grafted plant survives, the height of the ridging covering the grafting opening is 10-20cm higher than that of the grafting opening, the generation of stolons of the potatoes is induced, the formation and the expansion of potato tubers are further promoted, the shading rate is controlled to be more than 80%, the air humidity is controlled to be 85%, and the soil humidity is controlled to be 75% until the potato tubers grow to be mature; and (3) killing seedlings of mature potato tubers 3 weeks before harvesting, and harvesting tubers when seedling vines die and tubers are separated from stolons, namely the cold-resistant germplasm of the potatoes.
< example 2>
The difference between the method and the embodiment 1 is that the potato scions are obtained by seedling raising of potato (Guinong potato No. 1) original seeds, the pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks are obtained by seedling raising of the pseudotobacco leaf tree seeds, the rest steps are the same as the embodiment 1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing potato scions and pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks; the potato scion is obtained by original seed seedling of potato (Guinong potato No. 1), the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock is obtained by seed seedling of pseudotobacco leaf tree, and when the potato seedling and the pseudotobacco leaf tree seedling are 10-15cm in height and have the same stem thickness, the next grafting work can be carried out;
step two, grafting the potato scions on the pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks, and specifically operating as follows: transversely cutting off the top end of a seedling of the pseudotobacco leaf tree from a position 2-3cm away from the ground, removing lower leaves and axillary buds from the cut position, cutting a longitudinal cut from the middle of a stock stem, cutting off 2-3 leaves from the top bud of the selected thick, short and strong scion seedling, grafting and combining by adopting a sharp blade by using a cleft grafting method, longitudinally cutting a smooth V-shaped cut with the depth of 1-2cm at the center of the stock cut, inserting the potato scion cut into a double-sided wedge shape into the cut of the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock, and fixing by using a vegetable grafting frame;
step three, when the grafted plant survives, the height of the ridging covering the grafting opening is 10-20cm higher than that of the grafting opening, the generation of stolons of the potatoes is induced, the formation and the expansion of potato tubers are further promoted, the shading rate is controlled to be more than 80%, the air humidity is controlled to be 85%, and the soil humidity is controlled to be 75% until the potato tubers grow to be mature; and (3) killing seedlings of mature potato tubers 3 weeks before harvesting, and harvesting tubers when seedling vines die and tubers are separated from stolons, namely the cold-resistant germplasm of the potatoes.
< example 3>
A method for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes is different from example 1 in that seedlings of mature potato tubers are killed 4 weeks before harvesting, and the rest steps are the same as example 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing potato scions and pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks; the potato scion is obtained by tissue culture seedlings of potatoes (Guinong potato No. 1), the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock is obtained by cutting and seedling raising of roots of the pseudotobacco leaf tree, and when the potato seedlings and the pseudotobacco leaf tree seedlings are 10-15cm high and have the same stem thickness, the next grafting work can be carried out;
step two, grafting the potato scions on the pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks, and specifically operating as follows: transversely cutting off the top end of a seedling of the pseudotobacco leaf tree from a position 2-3cm away from the ground, removing lower leaves and axillary buds from the cut position, cutting a longitudinal cut from the middle of a stock stem, cutting off 2-3 leaves from the top bud of the selected thick, short and strong scion seedling, grafting and combining by adopting a sharp blade by using a cleft grafting method, longitudinally cutting a smooth V-shaped cut with the depth of 1-2cm at the center of the stock cut, inserting the potato scion cut into a double-sided wedge shape into the cut of the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock, and fixing by using a vegetable grafting frame;
step three, when the grafted plant survives, the height of the ridging covering the grafting opening is 10-20cm higher than that of the grafting opening, the generation of stolons of the potatoes is induced, the formation and the expansion of potato tubers are further promoted, the shading rate is controlled to be more than 80%, the air humidity is controlled to be 85%, and the soil humidity is controlled to be 75% until the potato tubers grow to be mature; and (3) killing seedlings of the mature potato tubers 4 weeks before harvesting, and harvesting the tubers when the seedling vines die and the tubers are separated from the stolons, namely the cold-resistant germplasm of the potatoes.
< example 4>
The method for creating the cold-resistant germplasm of the potatoes is different from that of the embodiment 1 by adopting a grafting and shearing device, the embodiment 1 adopts a common sharp blade, the embodiment 4 adopts the grafting and shearing device to shear the grafting openings of scion seedlings and rootstocks and graft the scion seedlings and the rootstocks, the rest steps are the same as the embodiment 1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing potato scions and pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks; the potato scion is obtained by tissue culture seedlings of potatoes (Guinong potato No. 1), the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock is obtained by cutting and seedling raising of roots of the pseudotobacco leaf tree, and when the potato seedlings and the pseudotobacco leaf tree seedlings are 10-15cm high and have the same stem thickness, the next grafting work can be carried out;
step two, grafting the potato scions on the pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks, and specifically operating as follows: transversely cutting off the top end of a seedling of the pseudotobacco leaf tree from a position 2-3cm away from the ground, removing lower leaves and axillary buds from the cut position, cutting a longitudinal cut from the middle of a stock stem, cutting off 2-3 leaves from the top bud of the selected thick, short and strong scion seedling, performing grafting combination by using the grafting cutting device of the invention, longitudinally cutting a smooth V-shaped cut with the depth of 1-2cm at the center of the stock cut, inserting the potato scion cut into a double-sided wedge shape into the cut of the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock, and fixing by using a vegetable grafting frame;
step three, when the grafted plant survives, the height of the ridging covering the grafting opening is 10-20cm higher than that of the grafting opening, the generation of stolons of the potatoes is induced, the formation and the expansion of potato tubers are further promoted, the shading rate is controlled to be more than 80%, the air humidity is controlled to be 85%, and the soil humidity is controlled to be 75% until the potato tubers grow to be mature; and (3) killing seedlings of mature potato tubers 3 weeks before harvesting, and harvesting tubers when seedling vines die and tubers are separated from stolons, namely the cold-resistant germplasm of the potatoes.
Example 4 a grafting and cutting device according to the present invention is specifically shown in fig. 1 to 4, and comprises: a shearing part for shearing the scion and the rootstock and a control part for controlling the opening and closing of the two arc-shaped plates 1 of the shearing part.
The shearing part comprises two arc plates 1 which can be opened and closed and two blades 2 arranged on the two arc plates 1, the knife backs of the two blades 2 are respectively arranged in the arc openings of the two arc plates 1, the knife edges incline to the arc openings of the arc plates 1 at the opposite sides and extend downwards, and the knife edges cross the splitting surfaces of the arc plates 1, while the two arc plates 1 are closed into a cylinder-like shape, the cutting edges of the two blades 2 are contacted with each other to form a V shape, is used for shearing the scion and the rootstock into a V-shaped fracture in the cylinder, namely the two blades 2 are correspondingly opened and closed along with the opening and closing of the two arc-shaped plates 1, the cutting device is used for continuously cutting the scions and the stocks which are moved into the similar cylinder into V-shaped fractures, so that the flatness of the cut openings is improved, soft potato seedlings are prevented from being damaged in the cutting process, and the grafting survival rate and the grafting efficiency are improved; when the potato seedling shearing machine is used, the two arc plates 1 can be selected to be closed into a similar cylinder shape, the minimum inner diameter is in a range of 0.3-0.8cm larger than the diameter of a potato seedling, the height of the arc plates 1 is in a range of 1.5-3cm, and the two blades 2 are arranged in the middle of the height of the arc plates 1 and play a good role in protecting the shearing of soft potato seedlings. When in cutting, the scion and the stock slightly move downwards along the cutting force, so that the scion and the stock are cut into V-shaped fractures in the cylinder.
The control part comprises a first arm body 4, a second arm body 9, a first hinged rod 5, a second hinged rod, a first handle 7 and a second handle. One end of the first arm body 4 and the second arm body 9 is respectively arranged with the two arc-shaped plates 1, the first arm body 4 and the second arm body 9 are radially parallel to the split surfaces of the two arc-shaped plates 1, the second arm body 9 is provided with a plurality of guide rods 3, the first arm body 4 is provided with through holes corresponding to the guide rods 3, the plurality of guide rods 3 on the second arm body 9 correspond to the through holes on the first arm body 4, and the first arm body 4 and the second arm body 9 are used for controlling the opening and closing of the two arc-shaped plates 1. One end of the first hinged rod 5 and one end of the second hinged rod are respectively connected with the other end of the first arm body 4 and the other end of the second arm body 9, the first hinged rod 5 and the second hinged rod are hinged in a mode that the middle portions of the first hinged rod 5 and the second hinged rod are crossed, and the middle portions of the first hinged rod 5 and the second hinged rod are hinged through a hinged shaft 6. One end of the first handle 7 and one end of the second handle are respectively connected with the other end of the first hinged rod 5 and the other end of the second hinged rod, and a spring 8 is arranged between the first handle 7 and the second handle.
< comparative example 1>
A method for creating potato germplasm is different from the stock selected in example 1, wherein a potato (Favorita) is selected as the stock, a potato (Guinong potato No. 1) is selected as a scion, and the rest steps are the same as those in example 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing potato (Guinong potato No. 1) scions and potato (Fisher) stocks; the potato (Guinong potato No. 1) scion is obtained from a potato (Guinong potato No. 1) tissue culture seedling, the potato (Fischert) stock is obtained from a potato (Fischert) tissue culture seedling, and when the two potato seedlings reach 10-15cm and the stems are consistent, the next grafting work can be carried out;
step two, grafting the potato scion to a potato (feulet) stock, and specifically operating as follows: transversely cutting off the top end of a potato (Fischery) seedling from a position 2-3cm away from the ground, removing lower leaves and axillary buds at the cut position, cutting a longitudinal cut from the middle of a stock stem, cutting off 2-3 leaves of a top bud of the selected thick, short and strong scion seedling, grafting and combining by using a sharp blade, longitudinally cutting a smooth V-shaped cut with the depth of 1-2cm at the center of the stock cut, inserting the potato scion cut into a double-sided wedge shape into the cut of the potato (Fischery) stock, and fixing by using a vegetable grafting frame;
step three, when the grafted plant survives, the height of the ridging covering the grafting opening is 10-20cm higher than that of the grafting opening, the generation of stolons of the potatoes is induced, the formation and the expansion of potato tubers are further promoted, the shading rate is controlled to be more than 80%, the air humidity is controlled to be 85%, and the soil humidity is controlled to be 75% until the potato tubers grow to be mature; and (3) killing seedlings of mature potato tubers 3 weeks before harvesting, and harvesting tubers when seedling vines die and tubers are separated from stolons, namely the cold-resistant germplasm of the potatoes.
< comparative example 2>
A method for creating potato germplasm is different from that in example 1 in that a selected rootstock is selected, tomatoes are selected as the rootstock, potatoes (Guinong potato No. 1) are selected as scions, the rest steps are the same as those in example 1, and the specific steps are not described again.
< comparative example 3>
A method for creating potato germplasm is different from that in example 1 in that the selected rootstocks are different, magnolia is selected as the rootstock, potatoes (Guinong potato No. 1) are selected as scions, the rest steps are the same as those in example 1, and the specific steps are not required to be described.
< Effect test >
The creation method of the embodiment 1-3 and the comparative example 1-3 is adopted, 100 plants are respectively grafted on 6 adjacent planting lands to create germplasm, the soil property, the breeding management mode and the breeding environment of the 6 adjacent planting lands are the same, after the dormancy period of the harvested tubers is over, the harvested tubers are sowed, the seedlings are 28d, complete functional leaves are selected, the semi-lethal temperature is calculated by adopting an electrolyte leakage method, and the cold resistance of the tubers is measured. The electrolyte leakage method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the thawed leaves were cut into 5mm strips and placed in test tubes, and then 25ml of distilled water was added.
(2) Pumping with vacuum pump at 0.1MP vacuum degree for 6min, vibrating on oscillator at 220 rpm for 1 hr, standing, and measuring electric conductivity R1。
(3) Boiling the test tube in boiling water for 20min, and measuring the conductivity R2. Electrolyte leaching rate (%) ═ R1/R2×100％。
(4) Substituting the average value of 3 times of electrolyte leaching rates corresponding to each temperature into a Logistic equation to carry out nonlinear fitting, wherein the inflection point of the equation is the semi-lethal temperature point (LT) of the material50) I.e. the freezing resistance of the material.
Semi-lethal temperature LT of potato (Guinong potato No. 1) determined by electrolyte leakage method50Semi-lethal temperature LT of potato (Fisher.) at-3.4 ℃50Table 1 shows the grafting survival rates of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and the semilethal temperature (LT) of the obtained germplasm at-2.3 ℃50)。
Table 1:
| survival rate of grafting | semi-Lethal Temperature (LT)50) | |
| Example 1 | 91.6％ | -4.21℃ |
| Example 2 | 92.1％ | -4.27℃ |
| Example 3 | 91.7％ | -4.25℃ |
| Example 4 | 99.6％ | -4.26℃ |
| Comparative example 1 | 98.2％ | -2.50℃ |
| Comparative example 2 | 94.5％ | -3.40℃ |
| Comparative example 3 | 0％ | Is free of |
The data in table 1 show that the pseudotobacco leaf tree is used as the stock, the potato is used as the scion for grafting, the potato stolons are induced to be formed on the grafting opening, the obtained potato tubers are used as the germplasm, the semi-lethal temperature of the potato cultivar can be obviously reduced, the cold resistance of the potato cultivar is improved, the grafting survival rate is high, the operation is simple and convenient, and the method is environment-friendly and has strong practicability and popularization value. And the grafting cut-off device of the invention is adopted to cut off the grafting openings of the scion seedlings and the stocks, thus improving the grafting survival rate and efficiency of the potato and the pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks.
The invention provides a grafting shearing device, which is an implementation form of the grafting shearing device shown in figures 1-4 and comprises the following components:
a shearing part for shearing scion and stock, the shearing part includes two arc 1 that can open and shut and two blades 2 of setting on two arc 1, the back of a knife blade 2 sets up respectively in two arc 1 arcs, the slope downwardly extending of arc 1 arc to the sword opposite side, and the sword spanes on the plane of division of arc 1, and when two arc 1 closed become the class cylinder, the cutting edge of two blades 2 contacts each other and forms the V-arrangement for cut scion and stock into V-arrangement fracture in the drum, that is two blades 2 along with the opening and shutting of two arc 1, the cutting edge of two blades 2 corresponds the opening and shutting, be used for constantly with moving into scion and stock in the class cylinder and cut into the V-arrangement fracture, improve the roughness of cutting the mouth and avoid shearing the in-process to soft potato seedling damage, improving the grafting survival rate and the grafting efficiency. The invention also comprises the following technical details: the minimum inner diameter of the two arc-shaped plates 1 which are closed into a cylinder shape is in the range of 0.3-0.8cm larger than the diameter of the potato seedling, the height of the arc-shaped plates 1 is in the range of 1.5-3cm, and the two blades 2 are arranged in the middle of the height of the arc-shaped plates 1, so that the soft potato seedling is well protected from being sheared. During shearing, the scion and the stock slightly move downwards along the shearing force, so that the scion and the stock are sheared into a V-shaped fracture in the cylinder.
A control part for controlling two arcs 1 open and shut, the control part includes first arm 4 and second arm 9, the one end of first arm 4 and second arm 9 set up with two arcs 1 respectively, first arm 4 and second arm 9 are radially parallel with two arcs 1's the face of separating, be provided with a plurality of guide arms 3 on the second arm 9, be provided with the through-hole that corresponds with a plurality of guide arms 3 on the first arm 4 for a plurality of guide arms 3 on the second arm 9 correspond the slip cap with the through-hole on the first arm 4 and establish, make two arcs 1 of first arm 4 of first arm 9 control action of opening and shutting.
On the basis of the above implementation form, the control part further comprises a first hinge rod 5 and a second hinge rod, one end of the first hinge rod 5 and one end of the second hinge rod are respectively connected with the other end of the first arm body 4 and the other end of the second arm body 9, the first hinge rod 5 and the second hinge rod are mutually crossed and hinged in the middle, and the middle parts of the first hinge rod 5 and the second hinge rod are hinged through a hinge shaft 6.
On the basis of the implementation form, the control part further comprises a first handle 7 and a second handle, one ends of the first handle 7 and the second handle are respectively connected with the other ends of the first hinged rod 5 and the second hinged rod, and a spring 8 is arranged between the first handle 7 and the second handle.
On the basis of the implementation form, the two arc-shaped plates 1 are arc-shaped plates 1 with adjustable arc lengths; the two blades 2 and the arc-shaped plate 1 are arranged in a detachable mode. When the potato seedling shearing machine is used, when the two arc plates 1 are closed into the similar cylindrical shape, the minimum inner diameter of the similar cylindrical shape is slightly larger than the seedling diameter of the scion and the rootstock, the soft potato seedling is best protected, when the minimum inner diameter of the similar cylindrical shape formed by closing the two arc plates 1 is in the range of 0.3-0.8cm larger than the potato seedling diameter, and the height of the arc plates 1 is in the range of 1.5-3cm, the soft potato seedling shearing machine has good protection effect on shearing of the soft potato seedling. When scions and stocks with different seedling diameters need to be cut, the scions and the stocks with different seedling diameters can be cut by adjusting the arc length. When the blade 2 becomes dull in use, it can be removed and replaced.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in a variety of fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The method for creating the cold-resistant germplasm of the potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, preparing potato scions and pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks;
step two, grafting the potato scions to the stock of the pseudotobacco leaf tree;
and step three, after the grafted plant survives, covering the grafting opening with hilling to induce the creeping stems of the potatoes to generate, further promoting the formation and the expansion of tubers, and harvesting the tubers after the tubers of the potatoes are mature.
2. The method for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the potato scion is obtained by seedling tissue culture of potatoes or original stock seedlings, the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock is obtained by seedling cutting of the root of the pseudotobacco leaf tree or seedling seed, and grafting can be carried out when the stem thicknesses of the potato seedlings and the pseudotobacco leaf tree seedlings are 10-15 cm.
3. The method for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes as claimed in claim 2, wherein the specific operations of grafting the potato scions to the pseudotobacco leaf tree stocks in the second step are as follows: the method comprises the steps of transversely cutting off the top end of a seedling of the pseudotobacco leaf tree from a position 2-3cm away from the ground, removing lower leaves and axillary buds from the cut position, cutting a longitudinal cut from the middle of a stock stem, cutting off 2-3 leaves of selected thick, short and strong scion seedlings from the top buds, carrying out grafting combination by using a cleft grafting method, longitudinally cutting a smooth V-shaped cut with the depth of 1-2cm at the center of the stock cut, inserting the potato scions cut into a double-sided wedge shape into the cut of the pseudotobacco leaf tree stock, and fixing the potato scions by using a vegetable grafting frame.
4. The method for creating cold resistant germplasm of potatoes according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step three the earthing-up covering grafting opening operation is: the ridging soil is 10-20cm higher than the grafting opening, so that the creeping stems of the potatoes are induced to generate, and the tubers are promoted to form and expand.
5. The method for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes as claimed in claim 4, wherein the tuber harvesting in step three is specifically operated as: and (3) killing seedlings 3-4 weeks before harvesting, and harvesting when seedling vines die and tubers are separated from stolons.
6. The method for creating cold-resistant germplasm of potatoes as claimed in claim 5, further comprising the fourth step of measuring the semilethal temperature of the harvested tubers, specifically: sowing seeds when the dormant period of the harvested tubers is over, selecting complete functional leaves when seedlings emerge for 21-28d, solving the semilethal temperature by adopting an electrolyte leakage method, and measuring the cold resistance of the tubers.
7. The grafting and shearing device for use in grafting of the method of creating cold resistant germplasm of potatoes of any of claims 1-2 or 5-6, the grafting and shearing device comprising:
the cutting part is used for cutting the scion and the rootstock and comprises two arc plates capable of being opened and closed and two blades arranged on the two arc plates, knife backs of the two blades are respectively arranged in arc openings of the two arc plates, cutting edges extend downwards in an inclined mode towards the arc openings of the arc plates on the opposite sides, the cutting edges cross over the split surfaces of the arc plates, and the cutting edges of the two blades are mutually contacted to form a V shape when the two arc plates are closed to form a similar cylinder;
a control part for controlling two arcs open and shut, the control part includes first arm body and second arm body, the one end of first arm body and second arm body sets up with two arcs respectively, the first arm body and second arm body are radially parallel with the split surface of two arcs, be provided with a plurality of guide arms on the second arm body, be provided with the through-hole that corresponds with a plurality of guide arms on the first arm body for a plurality of guide arms on the second arm body correspond the slip cap with the through-hole on the first arm body and establish.
8. The grafting shearing device of claim 7, wherein the control part further comprises a first hinge rod and a second hinge rod, one end of the first hinge rod and one end of the second hinge rod are respectively connected with the other end of the first arm body and the other end of the second arm body, and the first hinge rod and the second hinge rod are hinged to each other in a crossing manner in the middle.
9. The grafting shearing device of claim 8, wherein the control portion further comprises a first handle and a second handle, one end of the first handle and one end of the second handle are connected to the other end of the first articulated rod and the other end of the second articulated rod, respectively, and a spring is arranged between the first handle and the second handle.
10. The grafting shearing device of claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the two arcuate plates are arcuate plates of adjustable arc length; the two blades and the arc-shaped plate are detachably arranged.
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Application publication date: 20210806 Assignee: Guangxi Liangzhihui Seed Industry Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2022450000631 Denomination of invention: Methods and devices for creating cold-tolerant potato germplasm Granted publication date: 20221206 License type: Common License Record date: 20221230 |