CN1131929A - 保密卡及其制造方法 - Google Patents

保密卡及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1131929A
CN1131929A CN94193509A CN94193509A CN1131929A CN 1131929 A CN1131929 A CN 1131929A CN 94193509 A CN94193509 A CN 94193509A CN 94193509 A CN94193509 A CN 94193509A CN 1131929 A CN1131929 A CN 1131929A
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backing
card
emulsion sheet
feature
polyvinyl chloride
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CN1081537C (zh
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S·L·陆
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3M Co
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Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
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Abstract

一种保密卡，它包含背衬，覆盖膜和保密图形，保密图形位于背衬和覆盖膜之间，背衬和覆盖膜在不需要中间粘合剂层的情况下被层压在一起，其中背衬包含无定型共聚多酯或聚氯乙烯，覆盖膜包含其余的聚氯乙烯或无定型共聚多酯。本发明也揭示了这种保密卡的制造方法。

Description

保密卡及其制造方法
本发明的领域
本发明涉及保密卡例如身份证或驾驶执照，和这种卡的制造方法。
背景技术
鉴别卡(identification card)和标记例如驾驶执照，雇员身份证，军事徽章等通常是以保密方式制造的以防篡改和/或伪造。
欧洲专利申请91304385.7(Beck等)披露了一种保密层压片，它包含热染料转移印刷物，由加入染料接受层而得以改性的不透明的聚氯乙烯(PVC)基片，和不需要使用中间粘合剂层的直接层压在基片的图形上的聚酯覆盖片。这种层压片的两个缺点是它们在基片上需要附加的染料接受层，和在层压后的冷却过程中由于PVC基层(在卡层压时熔化)和聚酯覆盖层的热膨胀系数的不同而趋向翘曲。
美国专利5,060,981(Fossum等)披露了一种透明聚酯，其上覆盖一层在热熔性粘合剂层上的聚合物图形接受层。在形成图形后，将覆盖层层压至基材上。这种方法的一个缺点同样是在制造的某些条件下在层压后的冷却过程中由于基层(通常为纸)和聚酯覆盖层的热膨胀系数不同而使卡趋向翘曲。
另一种已知的方法是使用通过热层压而被清晰聚酯膜包住并密封在一个封套中的聚烯烃芯层。这就排除了导致翘曲的热膨胀系数的差异，但它需要多步印刷步骤以在正面和背面提供信息。
尽管存在各种已知的保密卡的结构和已知的制造这种卡的方法，但仍有由简易、价廉的过程使用价廉的材料制造改进的保密卡的需要。
本发明的概述
本发明提供新颖的保密卡和制造这种保密卡的新颖、“超计算器(over-the-counter)”或“台式(desk top)”方法。
简而言之，本发明的保密卡包含背衬，覆盖片和位于背衬和覆盖片之间的保密图形。将背衬和覆盖片直接接触层压在一起而不需要中间粘合剂层，背衬和覆盖片之一包含无定形共聚多酯，例如乙二醇、环己烷二甲醇和对苯二酸的共聚物，而背衬和覆盖片之另一个则含聚氯乙烯。
简言之，本发明的方法包括下述步骤：
a)提供含第一和第二侧面的第一片，所述第一片至少在它的第一侧面上包含聚氯乙烯；
b)在第一片的第一侧面上形成图形，较好地是通过热染料转移；
c)提供含第一和第二侧面的第二片，所述第二片至少在它的第一侧面上包含无定形共聚多酯；
d)施加热和压力以将第二片的第一侧面层压至第一片的第一侧面上，以便密封图形；
其中第一片和第二片中的至少一片要透明到能透过它看清图形。
本发明提供新颖的保密卡和制造这种卡的方法，它不需要使用特别的染料接受层或将它们集合在一起的中间粘合剂层。本发明的方法提供了便利、价廉的过程，由它可用常规的台式层压机制造本发明的保密卡。
在此提供的无定形共聚多酯-PVC组合体的主要优点是这两种材料在层压过程中熔化或软化且两者在冷却过程中以大约相同的速率收缩，由此避免了在许多现行的卡结构中时常遇到的翘曲问题。另外，可为透明或包含颜料例如二氧化钛(TiO2)的聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料在与热染料转移体系一起使用时，起着有效的染料接受材料的作用。
附图的简要说明
本发明将参照附图作进一步的说明，其中图1-3各自为本发明保密卡所举实例的横截面图。
这些附图是理想化的，不按比例的，仅仅意在用于举例说明，且是非限制性的。
解说性的实例的详细描述
一种说明本发明的保密卡示于图1中，其中卡10包含背衬12，透明覆盖片14和保密图形16。
背衬12和覆盖片14熔融地层压在一起，它们中的一个最好包含刚性的聚氯乙烯膜，另一个则包含无定形共聚多酯膜。另一片包含将粘合至第一片的聚氯乙烯层上的无定形共聚多酯。可使用的商品共聚多酯的实例包括VITELTM PE-222，一种购自Goodyear的以溶剂为基的共聚多酯，据信它包含21重量％的对苯二酸，23重量％的间苯二酸，5重量％的癸二酸，29重量％的乙二醇和22重量％的新戊二醇，它的玻璃化温度(“Tg”)为约47℃，和KODARTM PETG6763，一种购自Eastman Chemical Products Company的共聚多酯，据信它包含16重量％的环己烷二甲醇，34重量％的乙二醇和50％的对苯二酸，它的Tg为81℃，它易于以膜的形式从供应商购得。共聚多酯应为“无定形”的共聚多酯。在此所用的无定形共聚多酯为在将其层压至另一片的聚氯乙烯上时的使用条件下基本上不会结晶的共聚多酯，即该共聚多酯不显示出熔体结晶温度。熔体结晶温度(“Tc”)显示为当聚合物冷却时在比容对温度的曲线的斜率上有较大的不连续性。已发现适用于本发明的VITELTM PE-222共聚多酯和KODARTM PETG 6763共聚多酯不显示这种不连续性故在此被认为它们是无定形的。KODARTM A150 Copolyester，一种购自Eastman Chemical Products Company的共聚多酯，被认为包含环己烷二甲醇，对苯二酸和间苯二酸，Tg为约87℃，Tc为约135℃，这样它被认为不是无定形共聚多酯并且发现它不适用于本发明。
本发明的一个优点是在比较低的层压条件下在聚氯乙烯和无定形共聚多酯之间可达到良好的粘合，例如在台式层压机上用约120℃-约150℃的温度，时间为少于约1分钟，有时少于约30秒。对于特定材料的合适的层压温度、时间和压力可通过尝试与误差法容易地加以确定。
保密图形16可由密封在背衬12和覆盖片14之间的各种图形材料组成。若希望的话卡10还可在覆盖片14的外表面包含第二图形(未显示)。由于保密图形16在卡的内部，这就可以防止磨损和篡改的企图，因此在此将它称为“保密图形”。在组装卡10时通常将带有一些对各个卡来说是特别的信息(例如姓名，出生日期，个人特征，雇员号码等)的保密图形16施加在覆盖片14或背衬12的内表面上。例如，可使用包含在层压至无定形共聚多酯组分上之前扩散至聚氯乙烯组分表面上的染料的图形18。可使用购自Imperial ChemicalIndustries，Inc.(“ICI”)和DaiNippon Printing Company，Ltd.的热染料转移条。本发明的一个优点是不使用特定的接受层而使用热染料转移过程就可形成图形。
为了改进本发明卡10的防篡改和便于查验或鉴别，保密图形16可包含，或若希望的话必须包含，确认性标志或区域20，它们被设计成可提供一种靠目视就可察觉的篡改迹象，有时称此为确认性特征。解说性的例子包括在透明粘合剂中的珠光颗粒，全息照片，提供特定光学效应例如全息照相图形或衍射效应等的微结构表面等等。根据所选择的确认性标志的需要，确认性标志20可通过许多技术来施加，例如用印刷过程，或通过几种已知的过程之一用电子学方法加上所记录的或由计算机所产生的图形。
背衬12可按需要而为透明或不透明，可任选地包含染料或颜料，以提供所需的背景颜色或不透明度，以获得保密图形16所需的可见度并使保密卡10具有所需的外观。背衬通常包含颜料例如二氧化钛(TiO2)以提供不透明的白色背景，改进保密图形16的清晰度和能见度。在选定的第一(希望能透过覆盖片表面14而见到)或第二表面(希望能在卡10的背面见到)的一个或两个表面上，背衬12可以具有这一类相关卡所共有的预先印刷好的符号，标识，装饰图样和信息。
在许多例子中，背衬12比覆盖片14显著地更厚，柔韧性更小，这是为了让它为组合卡10所需的刚度和强度提供主要的份额。例如，常用的信用卡典型地为约675-约825微米(27-33密尔)厚。当制造符合目前常用厚度的本发明的保密卡时，约500-约550微米厚(20-22密尔)的背衬和约175-约250微米厚(7-10密尔)的覆盖片是合适的且可以商品购得。应明白的是按本发明也可使用其它厚度的背衬和覆盖片。在许多例子中对覆盖片14进行优化以便保护保密图形16免受篡改和快速检查和阅读时免受磨损。覆盖片14通常优化成在卡10经例如磨耗和磨损的条件下仍保持其清晰度，透明度，颜色和外观。
在一些例子中当背衬为无定形共聚多酯时，将透明聚氯乙烯薄层层压至背衬的背面，即覆盖片层压于其上的表面的反面。在无定形共聚多酯中(或在用作背衬的聚氯乙烯中)加入颜料可趋向于提高材料对污染和磨损的灵敏度。未上颜料的层可充当包皮以提高卡的耐污秽和磨损的能力。若使用包皮层，较好的是使用能直接粘合至背衬上的材料，例如，粘合至无定形共聚多酯背衬上的聚氯乙烯，或粘合至聚氯乙烯背衬上的无定形共聚多酯，或粘合至聚氯乙烯背衬上的氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
图2显示了本发明的另一个实例，其中保密卡30包含背衬32，说明性的覆盖片34和保密图形36。覆盖片34是在美国专利5,254,390(Lu)中所披露的那种类型，且它是由带有一系列半球形的透镜元件构成的微结构状的外层40及内层38组成的。外层40是由所需的透镜元件得以在其中形成的材料，例如可固化的尿烷树脂制成的。根据本发明，内层38是由聚氯乙烯或无定形共聚多酯组成的，外层40与之相粘合。
当使用带有这种透镜元件的覆盖片时，可特别地选用保密图形36以配合透镜元件起作用。例如，除热转移染料42的图形外，保密图形36还可以包括具有镜面反射性能的材料44，如液晶聚合物，多层高指数电介质涂层，微结构状的全内反射度的材料等。
在其它实例中，可将在此称为“第二图形”的附加图形形成在覆盖片或背衬的外侧。第二图形可用于装饰的目的，可提供有用的信息，和/或提供验证卡的真实性的手段。例如，可将图形印刷在覆盖片的外表面上，将全息照片粘合至其上，等等。第二图形可以暴露在覆盖片或背衬上，或被保密层压片例如购自Minnesota Mining andManufacturing Company的CONFIRM Brand Retroreflective Se-cutity Laminates所覆盖。图2显示了在背衬32的表面上带有第二图形46的说明性的实例。像保密图形一样，第二图形应可为人所阅读和/或为机器所阅读。
本发明的另一个实例显示于图3中，其中保密卡50包含背衬52，覆盖片54和保密图形56。覆盖片54连背衬52在内都被包起来以覆盖其两面(通常卡的边缘将在层压后被冲切，在此未显示)。或者，可使用两片分开的覆盖片材料，一片施加在背衬52的一个侧面上，另一片施加在另一个侧面上。该实例提供更多可利用的图形区域，这样便可有更多颁发证明的选择。例如，若希望的话可将为人所阅读的信息和防篡改的图形置于卡的一个侧面，而可被机器阅读的特征例如条型码，红外或紫外代号等可置于另一个侧面。
本发明的优点之一是本发明的保密卡可如所希望的大量或少量地容易地进行装配，而不需要使用大型、复杂的设备。作为举例说明的一个过程可描述如下。第一，完成可能的持卡者的申请。第二，使用常规的计算机键盘，计算机工作站操作者输入填在申请单中的数据于计算机系统中。第三，申请者在图解板上签上名，该图解板为计算机提供签名的数字化表达。第四，使用常规的视频照相机以电子形式获得申请者的肖像。第五，将申请表格的数据，签名和肖像合并成为视频显示并核查有无差错。第六，将代表视频显示的数字化信号传送至打印机。第七，将三种染料色彩顺次热转移至光滑的(用作覆盖片的)聚氯乙烯膜上，形成扩散至膜上的先前在视频显示中显示的数据，签名和肖像的彩色图形。第八，将形成图形的覆盖片与无定形共聚多酯背衬相接触，使用台式层压机在加热和加压下使覆盖片和背衬层压在一起。第九，将所得的层压组合件冲成所需形状和大小的身份鉴别卡。第十，核查加工好的卡的正确的图表内容，所形成的图形，层压和冲切质量。最后，将加工好的卡颁发给需要的持卡者。
在一个有用的实例中，本发明的保密卡由背衬，覆盖片和保密图形所组成。如上所述，保密图形位于背衬和覆盖片之间，背衬和覆盖片不需要中间粘合剂层就可层压在一起。背衬在至少它的第一(即内部)侧面上包含无定形共聚多酯或聚氯乙烯，覆盖片在至少它的第一(即内部)侧面上包含其余的聚氯乙烯或无定形共聚多酯，背衬的第一侧面则被层压至覆盖片的第一侧面上。图形包含扩散至聚氯乙烯组分表面的染料。卡还可包含一种任选的在覆盖片外表面和/或背衬外表面上的第二图形。
若希望的话，可将一种或多种磁性条加入本发明的保密卡中，通常嵌入或层压至背衬的背面上。供这种用途的以商品出售的磁性条材料通常包含一种在溶剂中的涂料或其它的聚合物涂料(如氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物)，并已发现它们与在此揭示的聚氯乙烯或无定形共聚多酯有令人满意的粘合性。类似地，在本发明的卡中可加入电子作用电路。
实施例
本发明将由下述非限制性的说明性的实施例作进一步的说明。实施例1
本实施例说明了在本发明的保密卡中使用无定形共聚多酯背衬和聚氯乙烯覆盖片。
使用如在美国专利5,254,390实施例4中同样的成为微结构状的膜作为覆盖片。覆盖片包含粘合至175微米(7密耳)厚的在微透镜表面的反面提供平滑表面的刚性聚氯乙烯内层上的带有外表面系列半球形微透镜(在其最厚点处约37微米(1.5密耳)厚)的UV-固化树脂的外层。
使用以商品供应的热染料带(Mitsubishi No.SU 3-11C3HThermal Dye Ribbon)(黄色，深红色和蓝青色)将覆盖片送入印刷机(Mitsubishi Model S-3600-30 Thermal Dye Printer)，在覆盖片的光滑表面上形成图形，获得3种颜色的图形。
使用包含加二氧化钛颜料成为不透明白色的无定形共聚多酯(KODARTM PETG Copolyester 6763，Tg为81℃，购自EastmanChemical Products，Inc.)的购自Klockner-Pentaplast，America的500微米(20密耳)厚的PENTAPRINTTM PR-801/11背衬。
使用珠光油墨制剂将图形用苯胺印刷术印在背衬的第一或内表面上，即有覆盖片施加在其上的表面，以便在加工好的卡上提供肉眼可见的确认特征。
然后将覆盖片和背衬放在一起，使它们的各自形成图形的表面相互接触，接着通过台式层压机(Thermal Lamination CorporationModel 5500 HR)，将它们加热至界面温度为138℃(250°F)，停留时间为约25-30秒，在不需要中间粘合剂层的情况下将覆盖片和背衬粘合在一起。
冷至室温后，对层压后的覆盖片和背衬进行冲切，获得本发明的加工好的卡。所得的身份证显示逼真的图象品质并且是耐用的。
实施例2
本实施例说明了在本发明的保密卡中使用无定形共聚多酯覆盖片和聚氯乙烯背衬。
除了用190微米(7.5密耳)厚、购自Lustro Company的KO-DARTM PETG 6763 Corpolyester空白层代替刚性聚氯乙烯层外，如实施例1制造覆盖片，用苯胺印刷术将图形印于其上，然后在121℃(250°F)下用25-30秒使之通过TLC Model 5500 HR层压机将375微米(15密耳)厚、购自同一公司的同样的共聚多酯空白层层压至形成过图形的表面上(即微透镜的反面)。
背衬为如实施例1一样地经热染料转移形成过图形的、加过TiO2颜料的购自Transilwrap Company的聚氯乙烯片。
照实施例1将覆盖片和背衬层压在一起并将层压片进行冲切。用苯胺印刷术和热染料法所得的图形都具有良好的品质且卡是耐用的。
对比例A
本例说明了覆盖膜和背衬都使用聚氯乙烯膜。
在140℃(285°F)的温度下，将两片250微米(10密耳)厚、购自美国Klockner-Pentaplast公司的聚氯乙烯，PENTAPRINTTMPR180/02置于实施例1所使用的同样的台式层压机内5分钟，然后任其冷却。可以获得良好的粘合性，但所需的长的层压时间比所要求的要长，被认为不那么切合于当场发卡的实际情况。尝试对同样的材料进行停留时间为约25-30秒(如本发明保密卡的实施例)的试验结果无法将其粘合。
对比例B
本例说明了使用聚酯膜作为背衬和聚氯乙烯膜作为覆盖膜。
使用与实施例1相同的形成图形的覆盖片。使用175微米(7密耳)厚的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(“PET”)作为背衬。
将背衬和覆盖片在如实施例1所述相同的条件下通过同样的层压机。没有实现粘合。然后在160℃(360°F)的温度下使背衬和覆盖片通过层压机，但仍没有实现粘合。
对比例C
本例说明了使用如实施例1中所揭示的同样的聚氯乙烯覆盖片和另一种共聚多酯。
背衬为购自Klockner Pentaplast的，由KODARTM A150，一种购自Eastman Plastics Company的Tg为87℃(189°F)的共聚多酯制成的200微米(8密耳)厚的Apet 8A1/21膜。
当在如实施例1中所述的条件下通过层压机时，只达到非常小的粘合。结果，覆盖片和背衬极易脱层。
实施例3
本实施例说明了使用本发明的另一种无定形共聚多酯。
将50微米(2密耳)厚的VITEL PE-222层在138-166℃(280-330°F)的温度下挤压至PET脱模衬里上，然后层压至375微米(15密耳)厚、用于实施例2的PETG层上，并除去脱模衬里。随后，将该片的VITEL PE-222一侧与用于对比例A中相同的聚氯乙烯片接触，在121℃(250°F)下使之通过层压器(TLC Model 5500HR Laminator)25-30秒。获得良好的粘合。
对本领域的技术熟练者来说，本发明在不偏离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，显然可有各种改进和改变。

Claims (14)

1.一种包含背衬，覆盖片和保密图形的保密卡，其特征在于所述的保密图形位于所述背衬和所述覆盖片之间，所述背衬和所述覆盖片在不需要中间粘合剂层的情况下层压在一起，其中所述的背衬在至少它的第一侧面上包含无定形共聚多酯或聚氯乙烯，所述的覆盖片在至少它的第一侧面上包含其余的聚氯乙烯或无定形共聚多酯，所述背衬的第一侧面层压至所述覆盖片的第一侧面上，透过所述覆盖片可见到所述保密图形。
2.如权利要求1所述的卡，其特征还在于所述背衬包含无定形共聚多酯，所述覆盖片包含聚氯乙烯。
3.如权利要求1所述的卡，其特征还在于下述中的至少一个：
a)所述背衬为约500-550微米厚；或
b)所述覆盖片为约175-约250微米厚；或
c)所述卡为约675-约825微米厚。
4.如权利要求1所述的卡，其特征还在于下述中的至少一个：
a)所述无定形共聚多酯为乙二醇、环己烷二甲醇和对苯二酸的共聚物；或
b)所述无定形共聚多酯为对苯二酸，间苯二酸，癸二酸，乙二醇和新戊二醇的共聚物。
5.如权利要求1所述的卡，其特征还在于所述的保密图形包含一种或多种扩散至聚氯乙烯组分表面上的着色染料。
6.如权利要求5所述的卡，其特征还在于所述的卡进一步地包含置于所述覆盖片和所述背衬之间的查验图形。
7.如权利要求6所述的卡，其特征还在于下述中的至少一个：
a)所述查验图形包含部分透明的，镜面反射的材料；或
b)所述查验图形包含在透明粘合剂中的珠光颗粒。
8.如权利要求1所述的卡，其特征还在于所述的覆盖片包含在其表面上方凸出的透镜组成部分。
9.如权利要求1所述的卡，其特征还在于所述的卡在所述覆盖片或所述背衬的至少一片的外表面上进一步地包含至少一种第二图形。
10.一种由背衬，覆盖片和保密图形组成的保密卡，所述的保密图形位于所述背衬和所述覆盖片之间，所述背衬和所述覆盖片在不需要中间粘合剂层的情况下被层压在一起，
其中所述背衬至少在它的第一侧面上包含无定形共聚多酯或聚氯乙烯，所述覆盖片至少在它的第一侧面上包含其它的聚氯乙烯或无定形共聚多酯，所述背衬的第一侧面被层压至所述覆盖片的第一侧面上，和
其中所述图形包含扩散至聚氯乙烯组分表面上的染料。
11.一种制造保密卡的方法，其特征还在于所述方法包括下述步骤：
a)提供含第一和第二侧面的第一片，所述第一片至少在所述第一侧面上包含聚氯乙烯；
b)在所述第一片的所述第一侧面上通过热染料转移法形成图形；
c)提供含第一和第二侧面的第二片，所述第二片至少在所述第一侧面上包含无定形共聚多酯；
d)施加热和压力以将所述第二片的所述第一侧面层压至所述第一片的所述第一侧面上，以便密封所述图形；
其中所述第一片和所述第二片中的至少一片是透明的，以便透过它可看到所述图形。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征还在于下述中的至少一个：
a)所述第二片包含乙二醇、环己烷二甲醇和对苯二酸的共聚物；或
b)所述第二片包含对苯二酸，间苯二酸，癸二酸，乙二醇和新戊二醇的共聚物。
13.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征还在于下述中的至少一个：
a)施加足够的热使所述第一片的所述第一侧面的温度和所述第二片的所述第一侧面的温度升至约120-150℃；或
b)施加所述热和压力的时间少于约1分钟；或
c)用台式层压机完成所述热和压力的施加。
14.如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征还在于所述方法进一步地包括在所述第一片或所述第二片的至少一片的外表面上形成第二图形。
CN94193509A 1993-09-28 1994-08-26 保密卡及其制造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1081537C (zh)

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