CN113184999A - Shallow lake substrate spot blocking system - Google Patents
Shallow lake substrate spot blocking system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113184999A CN113184999A CN202110520197.1A CN202110520197A CN113184999A CN 113184999 A CN113184999 A CN 113184999A CN 202110520197 A CN202110520197 A CN 202110520197A CN 113184999 A CN113184999 A CN 113184999A
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001123263 Zostera Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000498251 Hydrilla Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000722195 Potamogeton Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 7
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- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000252229 Carassius auratus Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000004590 Potamogeton malaianus Species 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000195967 Anthoceros Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000241463 Cullen corylifolium Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000252232 Hypophthalmichthys Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252234 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/06—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention discloses a substrate plaque system for a shallow lake, which comprises an underwater corridor, wherein the underwater corridor is laid on original-state lake sludge, pine piles are arranged on two sides of the underwater corridor, the underwater corridor comprises a first barrier belt, an oxidation belt and a second barrier belt which are arranged in parallel, the oxidation belt is positioned between the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt, the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt respectively comprise a sand layer, a gravel layer and a rock block layer which are arranged from bottom to top, the sand layer is laid on the original-state lake sludge, the oxidation belt comprises the rock block layer which is laid on the original-state lake sludge, and an aeration device is laid in the rock block layer of the oxidation belt. The invention can effectively solve the problem of wild spreading and growth of submerged plants caused by fertile substrate, has important positive effects of increasing plaque diversity of the submerged plants, improving substrate diversity, increasing diversity of benthonic animals and increasing dissolved oxygen underwater, lays a foundation for long-term stability of water quality, has higher plasticity, can effectively improve landscape of water body, is cheap in material and is easy to construct.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water body ecological restoration and aquaculture, in particular to a substrate plaque system for shallow lakes.
Background
Currently, the ecological environment of the water body in lakes and reservoirs in China is still severe, water eutrophication is an important manifestation of the water body, and many lakes in China are facing the problem of eutrophication. With the national emphasis on the ecological environment of water bodies, according to the principle of near-natural restoration, the construction of a clear water type ecological system mainly based on submerged plant restoration becomes a rival for ecological restoration, is more and more applied to the treatment of damaged water bodies, particularly shows great superiority in the treatment of shallow lake reservoirs, and an underwater forest becomes an important sign for the success of ecological restoration.
However, the water body ecological restoration technology is used for treatment or restoration or even reconstruction through human power intervention, for a water body polluted for a long time, lake sediment and water body are over-nourished, and after the planted submerged plants are adapted, the submerged plants can be caused to grow and spread rapidly, so that the design coverage is deviated, dense underwater forests are formed, and meanwhile, due to different adaptive capacities among the submerged plants, the submerged plants planted in the plaques can be replaced by dominant species. The situation is common, the disadvantages of the method are mainly represented by greatly increasing manpower and material resources for harvesting and maintaining submerged plants, meanwhile, the propagation of the submerged plants and the coverage of dominant species greatly reduce the heterogeneity of the lake bottom environment, the submerged plants consume a large amount of oxygen at night, the dense plants enable the distribution of the oxygen to be extremely uneven, and when the weather of plum rain occurs, the situation of low oxygen or even oxygen deficiency at the bottom is even formed, so that the threat is brought to bottom organisms and aquatic products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, construct a shallow lake substrate plaque system, solve the problem of excessive spread and growth of submerged plants in the fields of ecological restoration, aquaculture and the like, reduce maintenance cost, improve the success rate of plaque planting, effectively prevent flooding and coverage of dominant species, increase the heterogeneity of water substrates, increase the living space and conditions of benthos, facilitate the uniform distribution of dissolved oxygen in water, and facilitate the oxidation and decomposition of bottom mud.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the utility model provides a shallow lake substrate plaque system, includes the corridor under water, the corridor lay on lake mud original state bed mud under water, the corridor both sides are provided with the pine stake under water, the corridor is including parallel first baffler, oxidation zone and the second baffler that sets up under water, the oxidation zone is located between first baffler and the second baffler, first baffler and second baffler all include sand bed, gravel layer and the lump stone layer of supreme setting from bottom to top, the sand bed is laid on lake mud original state bed mud, the oxidation zone is including laying the lump stone layer on lake mud original state bed mud, the lump stone in the oxidation zone has laid aeration equipment.
The top surfaces of the stone layers of the first barrier zone, the oxidation zone and the second barrier zone are flush, the top surfaces of the stone layers of the first barrier zone, the oxidation zone and the second barrier zone are flush with the top surfaces of original-state lake mud bottom mud on two sides of the underwater corridor, and the top surfaces of original-state lake mud bottom mud below the oxidation zone are flush with the top surfaces of the gravel layers of the first barrier zone and the second barrier zone.
The width of the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt is 50cm, the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the oxidation belt, and the width of the oxidation belt is 30 cm.
The pine pile has a diameter of 10-15cm and a height of 50-70 cm.
The laying thickness of the sand layers of the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt is 2-4cm, and the sand diameter of the sand layers is 1-2 mm; the paving thickness of the gravel layers of the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt is 4-6cm, the diameter of gravel of the gravel layers is 2-3cm, the paving thickness of the block stone layers of the first barrier belt, the second barrier belt and the oxidation belt is 10-14cm, the thickness of the block stone layer is 6-12cm, and the length and the width of the block stone are 10-30 cm.
The submerged galleries as described above are placed at a water depth of between 0.6 and 2 m.
The aeration devices are arranged in the rock block layer of the oxidation zone, and the arrangement interval of the aeration devices is 10-20 m.
The lake mud undisturbed sediment divided by the underwater corridor is a planting area, and the submerged plants planted in the planting area are one or more of eel grass, hydrilla verticillata, potamogeton malabaricum and goldfish algae.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method has the advantages that the method realizes the lumping of the lake substrate on the basis of the underwater corridor constructed by natural materials such as sand and stone, can effectively solve the problem of excessive spread and growth of submerged plants, prevents the flooding and covering of dominant species, improves the success rate of the lumping planting, can also increase the heterogeneity of the water substrate, increases the diversity of benthos organisms, is beneficial to the uniform distribution of dissolved oxygen in the water body, is beneficial to the oxidation and decomposition of bottom mud, and can simultaneously utilize the basic structure of the underwater corridor to perform artistic creation, such as laying of theme publicity words in landscape water body and the like, and increase the landscape of ecological restoration. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, cheap materials, simple construction, obvious effect and higher popularization demonstration effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an underwater corridor;
fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a first enclosure region in embodiment 2.
In the figure: 1-a planting area; 2-a barrier region; 3-an oxidation zone; 4-pine stumps; 5-undisturbed sediment of lake mud; 6-a sand layer; 7-a gravel layer; 8-a block stone layer; 9-submerged plant, 9-1 eel grass, 9-2 malayan euglena and 9-3 hornwort; 10-an aeration device; 11-an underwater corridor; 12-a first barrier band; 13-oxidation zone; 14-second barrier band.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is to be understood that the present invention has been described in the illustrative embodiments and is not to be construed as limited thereto.
Example 1:
the utility model provides a shallow lake substrate plaque system, includes corridor 11 under water, corridor 11 under water lay on lake mud original state bed mud 5, corridor 11 both sides under water are provided with pine stake 4, corridor 11 under water is including parallel first barrier zone, oxidation zone and the second barrier zone that sets up, the oxidation zone is located between first barrier zone and the second barrier zone, first barrier zone and second barrier zone all include sand bed 6, gravel layer 7 and the lump stone layer 8 of supreme setting from bottom to top, sand bed 6 is laid on lake mud original state bed mud 5, the oxidation zone is including laying the lump stone layer 8 on lake mud original state bed mud 5, aeration equipment 10 has been laid in the lump stone layer 8 of oxidation zone.
The two sides of the underwater gallery 11 form planting areas, the first barrier zone and the second barrier zone form a barrier area, and the oxidation zone forms an oxidation area.
Preferably, the top surfaces of the block stone layer 8 of the first barrier zone, the block stone layer 8 of the oxidation zone and the block stone layer 8 of the second barrier zone are level with the top surfaces of the raw lake mud 5 on both sides of the underwater corridor 11, and the top surface of the raw lake mud 5 below the oxidation zone is level with the top surfaces of the gravel layer 7 of the first barrier zone and the gravel layer 7 of the second barrier zone.
Preferably, the width of the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt is 50cm, the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the oxidation belt, and the width of the oxidation belt is 30 cm.
The pine pile has a diameter of 10-15cm, a height of 50-70cm, and preferably a height of 60 cm.
Preferably, the laying thickness of the sand layer 6 of the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt is about 3cm, and the sand diameter of the sand layer 6 is about 2 mm; the paving thickness of the gravel layer 7 of the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt is about 5cm, the diameter of gravel of the gravel layer 7 is about 2cm, the paving thickness of the block stone layer 8 of the first barrier belt, the second barrier belt and the oxidation belt is about 12cm, the thickness of the block stone layer 8 is about 6-12cm, and the length and the width of the block stone are about 10-30 cm.
Preferably, the underwater corridor is arranged at a water depth of between 0.6 and 2 m.
The underwater gallery 11 is used as a basic structural unit and can be adjusted in equal proportion according to specific conditions, and the laying area of the underwater gallery 11 in an underwater area suitable for laying the underwater gallery accounts for 4-8% of the underwater area, and the preferable laying area accounts for 6%. Different shapes and main publicity words and the like can be laid on the underwater corridor 11 according to landscape needs.
The aeration device 10 is arranged in the massive layer 8 of the oxidation zone, when ecological restoration is carried out, about 10-20m of the aeration device 10 is arranged, and the density of an aquaculture area can be properly increased.
The lake mud undisturbed sediment 5 divided by the underwater corridor is a planting area 1 for the spotted block of the submerged plant, the variety of the submerged plant is mainly subjected to the spotted block planting according to the water depth, and the sowthistle (the planting water depth is less than or equal to 150cm), the hydrilla verticillata (the planting water depth is 100 plus materials and 200cm), the potamogeton malaianus (the planting water depth is 80-150cm), the golden fish algae (the planting water depth is 100 plus materials and 250cm), the watermifoil (the planting water depth is 50-250cm) and the like are mainly selected.
Example 2:
the embodiment is implemented in a certain lake in Wuhan City, and 2 lakes of 100m are set2The water-impermeable enclosure areas are named as a first enclosure area and a second enclosure area respectively, wherein the submerged plants are selected from 9-3% of golden piscium, 9-1% of eel grass and 9-2% of malayan euglena, the planting area is 60%, and the eel grass accounts for 30%, and the golden piscium and the malayan euglena respectively account for 15%. The first enclosure area is divided into four equal planting areas by two horizontal and vertical cross-shaped underwater galleries 11, wherein two planting areas are planted with tape grass 9-1, the other two planting areas are respectively planted with coltsfoot 9-2 and golden fish algae 9-3, and the second enclosure area is not paved with waterAnd a lower corridor 11, and goldfish algae 9-3, tape grass 9-1 and potamogeton malaianus 9-2 are planted at positions corresponding to the first enclosure area respectively. The others correspond to example 1.
The golden fish algae 9-3, the common sowthistle herb 9-1 and the common coltsfoot herb 9-2 in the first enclosure area and the second enclosure area all survive after one month, the golden fish algae 9-3, the common sowthistle herb 9-1 and the common coltsfoot herb 9-2 further spread and grow after half a year, the second enclosure area is almost fully paved, the golden fish algae 9-3 in the second enclosure area gradually become dominant species after one year and half, and the first enclosure area forms obvious plaque forms under the obstruction of the underwater corridor 11. Through continuous maintenance and detection of a first enclosure area and a second enclosure area, the water quality is improved from a fifth category V to a fourth category, wherein the water quality of the first enclosure area is superior to that of the second enclosure area after half a year, benthonic animals, bottom mud oxidation-reduction potential and nutrition level are measured after one year, wherein the first enclosure area benthonic animal shannon-Vera diversity index H 'is 2.1, the oxidation-reduction potential is +286mv, the bottom mud TN is 2382mg/kg, TP is 1065mg/kg, the second enclosure area benthonic animal shannon-Vera diversity index H' is 1.5, the oxidation-reduction potential is +100mv, the bottom mud TN is 2632mg/kg, TP is 1269mg/kg, the first enclosure area is superior to the second enclosure area according to the indexes, plants are harvested once during the period, the first enclosure area harvests 50kg less than the second enclosure area by measurement and calculation, manpower and material resources are saved.
Example 3:
water area of 60000m of shallow wetland park in Wuhan city2The ponds are connected, ecological restoration construction is carried out in 2019, and in order to prevent the spread of plants, 3000m underwater galleries are paved in 5 of the ponds in a proper depth area2Planting submerged plants mainly comprising tape grass at a planting density of 55 plants/m2Simultaneously planting a small amount of Malaytea leafflower and watermifoil with the planting density of 30 plants/m2And breeding 10 kg/mu of each of the freshwater mussels, 30 fish/mu of the silver carps, 10 fish/mu of the bighead carps, 3 fish/mu of the yellow catfishes, 1 fish/mu of the culter alburnus and the like to construct a complete ecological system. The rest is the same as in example 1.
After the implementation for one year, the coverage rate of the submerged plants reaches 80%, the water quality is basically maintained in class III water, the submerged plants blocked by the underwater corridor 11 are obviously spotted and lumpy, and the phenomenon of mass propagation of the submerged plants does not occur in the area of the underwater corridor. The benthonic animals in the underwater corridor area have the highest biological diversity, the Shannon-Vera diversity index H ' is 2.8, the Shannon-Vera diversity index H ' in the submerged plant coverage area is 1.8, the Shannon-Vera diversity index H ' in the worst area in the exposed sediment area is 0.8, after the underwater corridor area is implemented for one and a half years, other areas except the underwater corridor 11 are completely covered by the submerged plants, the oxidation-reduction potential of the underwater corridor area is up to +380mv, and the submerged plant coverage area is up to + 153. The underwater dissolved oxygen is measured at five afternoon points in the plum rain season, and the underwater dissolved oxygen in the underwater corridor area is found to be 6.2mg/L on average, the dissolved oxygen in the coverage area of the submerged plants is 3.8mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen in the underwater corridor area is obviously higher than that in the coverage area of the submerged plants.
It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a shallow lake substrate plaque system, includes corridor (11) under water, a serial communication port, corridor (11) under water lay on lake mud original state bed mud (5), corridor (11) both sides under water are provided with pine stake (4), corridor (11) under water are including parallel arrangement's first baffling tape, oxidation zone and second baffling tape, the oxidation zone is located between first baffling tape and the second baffling tape, first baffling tape and second baffling tape all include sand bed (6), gravel layer (7) and lump layer (8) of supreme setting from bottom to top, sand bed (6) are laid on lake mud original state bed mud (5), the oxidation zone is including laying lump layer (8) on lake mud original state bed mud (5), aeration equipment (10) have been laid in the lump layer (8) of oxidation zone.
2. The shallow lake sediment plaque system according to claim 1, wherein the top surfaces of the first barrier zone block layer (8), the oxidation zone block layer (8) and the second barrier zone block layer (8) are flush with each other, and the top surfaces of the first barrier zone block layer (8), the oxidation zone block layer (8) and the second barrier zone block layer (8) are flush with the top surfaces of the lake mud raw bottom mud (5) on both sides of the underwater corridor (11), and the top surface of the lake mud raw bottom mud (5) below the oxidation zone is flush with the top surfaces of the first barrier zone block layer (7) and the second barrier zone block layer (7).
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second barrier strips have a width of 50cm, and the first and second barrier strips are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the oxidation strip, and the width of the oxidation strip is 30 cm.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the pine stumps have a diameter of 10-15cm and a height of 50-70 cm.
5. The shallow lake sediment plaque system according to claim 1, wherein the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt are laid with a sand layer (6) having a thickness of 2-4cm and a sand diameter of 1-2 mm; the paving thickness of the gravel layer (7) of the first barrier belt and the second barrier belt is 4-6cm, the diameter of gravel of the gravel layer (7) is 2-3cm, the paving thickness of the block stone layer (8) of the first barrier belt, the second barrier belt and the oxidation belt is 10-14cm, the thickness of the block stone layer (8) is 6-12cm, and the length and the width of the block stone are 10-30 cm.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the underwater corridor is disposed at a depth of 0.6-2 m.
7. The shallow lake substrate plaque system according to claim 1, wherein the aeration device (10) is installed in the lump rock layer (8) of the oxidation zone, and the arrangement interval of the aeration device (10) is 10-20 m.
8. The system for plaque in shallow lake substrate according to claim 1, wherein said undisturbed sludge (5) divided by said underwater corridor is a growing area, and submerged plants grown in said growing area are one or more of eel grass, hydrilla verticillata, potamogeton malabaris, and hornworts.
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| CN202110520197.1A CN113184999B (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Shallow lake substrate spot blocking system |
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