CN110863470A - Intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir and construction method - Google Patents
Intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110863470A CN110863470A CN201911331647.1A CN201911331647A CN110863470A CN 110863470 A CN110863470 A CN 110863470A CN 201911331647 A CN201911331647 A CN 201911331647A CN 110863470 A CN110863470 A CN 110863470A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir and a construction method thereof. The ecological concrete is fully utilized to construct the main body structure of the weir dam, the water permeability is reserved, the weir dam has high stability and erosion resistance, and an attached film forming space is provided for microorganisms and a growth and development foundation bed is provided for plants; the structure of the filler body and the microorganism embedding box is novel, and the aeration process and the efficient microorganism degradation process can effectively reduce the blockage of the filler and improve the water purification capacity; the monitoring control system is arranged, wind energy and solar energy are used for supplying power to the equipment, water quality and level monitoring and water body aeration are achieved through the electronic water level gauge, the aeration device and other equipment, data and early warning signals are transmitted to the terminal, and management decisions of management departments are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir and a construction method thereof, which are suitable for the technical field of non-point source pollution control and weir dams.
Background
The barrage is a temporary or permanent water conservancy facility which is built for retaining water bodies, raising the upstream water level and meeting the requirements of irrigation, power generation, flood control and the like. A low overflow weir dam is usually built in urban and rural riverways as a water storage and discharge structure, and the low overflow weir dam has the main function of ensuring a certain riverway water level, forming a continuous water surface in the riverway at the upstream of a weir body and meeting certain requirements on ecological water and landscape water. Traditional barrage is built by concrete, stone masonry usually, also has some barrages to adopt and aerifys rubber materials, steel material to build, and it is relatively poor not possess water permeability or water permeability usually, always can destroy the vertical connectivity in river course during the application, makes the water body of impoundment region circulate slowly, and material energy exchange capacity reduces, causes quality of water to worsen easily, pollutant enrichment scheduling problem. The permeable barrage technology is a series of technologies developed and formed on the traditional barrage technology, the barrage body is usually constructed by materials such as masonry, gravel and wood blocks through stacking, fixed connection and other modes, and the permeable barrage has certain water permeability, can slow down the erosion of flood to a riverbed, cleans a water body, generates certain natural purification effect on the water body, and has better ecological effect compared with the traditional barrage.
The existing ecological permeable barrage is formed by changing the structure and the form on the basis of the traditional barrage, and the existing permeable barrage generally has the following problems:
(1) the dam body is unstable, the weir dam body is generally formed by stacking materials such as rock blocks and gravels with different particle sizes, the materials are not strongly connected with each other and are generally fixed by an outer layer structure, and the weir dam body has the defects of infirm, instability and weak scouring resistance;
(2) the water quality purification capacity is weaker, the retention time of water flow flowing through the weir dam body in the weir dam body is short, the water flow is difficult to be in full contact with permeable weir dam body materials and microorganisms attached with a hanging film, and the adsorption and degradation effects on pollutants are difficult to be fully exerted;
(3) the function of the weir dam is single, the water quality and water level monitoring equipment for measuring the water body around the weir dam cannot be carried by the structural space of the weir dam and cannot acquire the data of the water level of the regional water quality in time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing permeable barrage, the invention provides an intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir and a construction method thereof. The dam body structure is constructed by fully utilizing the characteristics of ecological concrete, such as ecological compatibility and high strength, the water permeability is reserved, the dam body structure has high stability and erosion resistance, and an attaching film forming space can be provided for microorganisms and a growth and development foundation bed can be provided for plants; the structure of the filler body and the microorganism embedding box is novel, the aeration process of the aeration equipment and the efficient degradation process of microorganisms in the microorganism embedding box can effectively reduce the blockage of the filler and improve the water quality purification capacity; the whole set of monitoring and control system is arranged in the structural space of the weir dam, wind energy and solar energy are used for supplying power to equipment, the electric quantity is self-sufficient, water quality and water level monitoring and water body aeration are realized through equipment such as an electronic water level gauge and an aeration device, data and early warning signals are transmitted to a terminal, and management decisions of management departments are facilitated.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an ecological weir of intelligent monitoring water purification, includes ecological concrete weir body, concrete barrier layer, weir heart filler, vegetable layer, the stating step, wind-force/solar photovoltaic power generation facility, master control case, micropore aeration equipment, electron water level gauge, multi-functional water quality monitoring appearance, wherein:
the ecological concrete weir body is formed by pouring ecological concrete on a concrete impermeable layer and a riverbed bottom;
the weir core filler body consists of a filler layer and a microorganism curing embedding box and is arranged on the concrete impermeable layer;
the filler layer consists of a filter material layer, a transition layer, a permeable reverse filter layer and a nutrient soil layer from bottom to top in sequence;
the microorganism embedding box consists of an outer fixing box body and an inner embedding bag, the inner embedding bag and the outer fixing box body are fixedly connected in a buckling mode, random holes are formed in each surface of the outer fixing box body, and the outer fixing box body is fixedly embedded in the back water side of the packing layer;
the vegetation layer is positioned on the upstream slope surface of the ecological concrete weir body;
the wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device is arranged at the part of the upstream side of the ecological concrete weir body or at the two banks of the canal;
the microporous aeration device consists of a waterproof air pump and a microporous aeration pipe disc, wherein the waterproof air pump is fixed to the lower side or the bank side of the stating step and is connected with the microporous aeration disc through an air pipe, and the aeration pipe disc is arranged on the packing layer;
the electronic water level gauge is fixed on the side bank of the river channel;
the multifunctional water quality monitor is fixed in the middle of the upstream face of the ecological concrete weir body;
the main control box is arranged on the bank of a river, and a storage battery pack, an inverter, a main control module, a radio communication module and a data storage module are arranged inside the main control box, wherein: the main control module controls the operation of the electronic water level gauge, the micropore aeration device, the multifunctional water quality monitor and the wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device according to the electric quantity condition, the received water quality and water level data are synchronously stored in the data storage module and simultaneously transmitted to the upper terminal equipment through the wireless communication module, and when the water quality and water level data change rapidly, the main control module sends an alarm signal to the terminal equipment to realize an early warning function; the electric energy generated by the wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device is transmitted to the storage battery pack through a line for storage, and the output current of the storage battery pack supplies power for the microporous aeration device, the electronic water level gauge and the multifunctional water quality monitor after being subjected to voltage regulation and frequency modulation by the inverter.
The construction method of the intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir comprises the following steps:
determining the scale and the form of an ecological weir to be constructed, and carrying out structural design and modular system design on a weir dam body to ensure that the weir dam body meets the engineering safety requirement and the system stably operates; preparing construction work of early diversion and drainage, river channel dredging and foundation treatment, and determining the arrangement positions of a dam body, a bank side main control box and a monitoring device (an electronic water level gauge and a multifunctional water quality monitor);
step two, pouring a concrete impermeable layer on the river bed, curing until the concrete impermeable layer is basically formed, pouring ecological concrete, laying a transverse water and electricity pipeline and a metal fixing rod pipe of the wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device, and curing until the poured structure is stable;
step three, filling a filter material layer, a transition layer and a permeable inverse filter layer of the weir core filler in layers, and laying an outer fixed box body of the microorganism embedding box and a micropore aeration disc of a micropore aeration device while laying;
fourthly, installing and laying a wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device, arranging and assembling a main control box at the edge of the river bank, laying a hydraulic line, and performing sealing and pipe network detection work;
fifthly, an electronic water level gauge is arranged, a multifunctional water quality monitor is fixed, and a waterproof air pump of the microporous aeration device is fixed in the stating step;
laying and covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the permeable reverse filtering layer of the weir core filler, laying a nutrient soil layer, and burying aquatic plant grass seeds or plant seedlings at a preset position of the nutrient soil layer; laying soil with a certain thickness on the upstream surface of the ecological concrete, and pre-burying plant grass seeds or plant seedlings in the soil; an inner embedding capsule for culturing the water-purifying microorganisms is arranged in an outer fixing box body of the microorganism embedding box; uniformly watering the nutrient soil layer and the plant layer;
and seventhly, gradually introducing water for operation, repeatedly debugging the monitoring control system, ensuring stable and safe operation of each monitoring device (the electronic water level gauge and the multifunctional water quality monitor), and checking and recording the operation condition of the devices (the main control box and the terminal device) at regular intervals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) adopt to have concurrently intensity performance and the ecological concrete of water permeability to build the weir dam major structure, make ecological weir dam possess certain scour resistance ability and overall structure stability, solved the unstable problem of weir dam body structure that permeates water.
(2) The aeration equipment and the microorganism embedding box are arranged in the filler body, the oxygen content of water flow can be increased by indirect operation of the aeration equipment, more suitable reaction conditions are provided for microorganisms of the filler part, the blockage condition of the filler part is reduced, and the microorganism embedding box can increase the amount of purified water microorganisms of the filler body and the microbial degradation efficiency, so that the dam integrally keeps higher water quality purification capacity and is favorable for long-term operation.
(3) The power generation equipment in the system module can fully utilize wind energy and solar energy to supply energy to the system power consumption equipment, the water quality and water level conditions are monitored through the electronic water level gauge and the water quality detector and transmitted to the terminal equipment, and an early warning signal is sent when a water body disaster occurs, so that the water body data can be conveniently acquired and management decisions of management departments are facilitated.
(4) The invention can be applied to small and medium river channels in rural areas and cities, can realize water pollution reduction and water quality and level monitoring and early warning, is beneficial to river channel management, water environment improvement, non-point source pollution control and disaster early warning, and is an innovative engineering design practice for ecological civilization construction and intelligent water conservancy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a filler body part;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the general principle;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system module.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir, as shown in figures 1 and 2, the intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir comprises an ecological concrete weir body 1, a concrete impermeable layer 2, a weir core filler, a vegetable layer 5, a stating step 6, a wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device 7, a main control box 8, a micropore aeration device 9, an electronic water level gauge 10 and a multifunctional water quality monitor 11, wherein:
the ecological concrete weir body 1 is formed by pouring ecological concrete on the concrete impermeable layer 2 and the bottom of the riverbed, has certain porosity, strength, scouring resistance and stability, is an important functional structure of the whole overflow weir, and can be fixed on the riverbed by utilizing self weight and the connection with the surrounding environment. A plurality of metal fixed rod pipes are vertically arranged on the part, facing the water, of the ecological concrete weir body 1, a transverse water and electricity pipeline is transversely arranged, a wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device 7 is arranged on the upper side of each metal fixed rod pipe, and the transverse water and electricity pipeline is connected with a shore-facing water and electricity pipeline. All the electric wires and lines are connected through metal fixing rod pipes and transverse water and electricity pipelines. Soil and plants are added into an ecological concrete layer with a certain thickness on the water-facing slope surface of the ecological concrete weir body 1 to form a vegetation layer 5.
The concrete impermeable layer 2 is formed by pouring impermeable concrete, has no water permeability, plays a role of an impermeable foundation, is embedded into a river bed to a certain depth, and is a bearing base of the whole weir dam structure.
The weir core filler body consists of a filler layer 3 and a microorganism curing embedding box 4, is arranged on the concrete impermeable layer 2, and is a main water quality purification structure of the whole weir dam structure. The packing layer is a fixed layer of rhizome parts in the growth and development process of aquatic plants, microorganisms can be propagated and attached in the packing of the packing layer, and the formed biomembrane can purify water quality.
The filler layer 3 is composed of a filter material layer 301, a transition layer 302, a permeable reverse filtering layer 303 and a nutrient soil layer 304 (as shown in figure 3) from bottom to top, and the filter material layer 301, the transition layer 302 and the permeable reverse filtering layer 303 in the weir body are different in filler particle size and are a control part of the permeable seepage speed of the whole weir dam body. The packing layer 3 is provided with a microporous aeration pipe disc of an aeration device 9, and when the device is started, the water body is aerated and oxygenated. Wherein: the filter material layer 301 is formed by mixing and stacking one or more adsorptive fillers in sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite, sand gravel and the like, the grading particle size of the material is 2-12 mm, gaps among the fillers are small, the filter material layer has low permeability, the water retaining effect is achieved, a certain amount of water flow is allowed to slowly seep, and the fillers can adsorb a certain amount of pollutants and are absorbed and degraded through the action of microorganisms when the water flow passes through. The transition layer 302 is formed by piling one or more adsorptive fillers in sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite, sand gravel and the like, the grading particle size of the materials is 8-24 mm, and the permeability is stronger than that of the filter material layer 301 but is kept at a relatively low level. The permeable inverted filter layer 303 is composed of one or more of sand gravel, cobblestone, quartz sand, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite and other materials, the grading particle size of the materials is 18-32 mm, gaps among the fillers of the permeable layer are large, the permeable water passing capacity is high, the permeable and uniform counterweight effects are achieved, and meanwhile the permeable inverted filter layer is not easy to block. When the roots of the aquatic plants grow to a certain degree, the roots of the aquatic plants penetrate through the nutrient soil layer 304 and continue to grow and develop between the permeable inverted filter layers 303. After a certain period of time, microorganisms can form a certain amount of biological films in the filler ranges of the filter material layer 301, the transition layer 302 and the permeable reverse filter layer 303, so that the effects of absorbing nutrient substances, decomposing organic matters and purifying water quality are achieved, the environment of the filter layer is improved, and the condition of filter layer blockage is reduced. The nutrient soil layer 304 is formed by mixing local river flood plain soil (clean river channel bottom mud), river fine sand and aquatic plant nutrient mud (humus, plant ash, peat soil and peat soil) in a ratio of 1:2:1, can provide partial necessary nutrient elements and organic matters for aquatic plant seedlings or seeds, and provides good substrate environmental conditions for seed germination and seedling growth.
The vegetation layer 5 is located in a certain range of the surface layer of the ecological concrete weir body 1, the vegetation layer 5 is composed of surface layer ecological concrete, a certain amount of soil and aquatic plants, the plant types can be selected from emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants or waterfront slope protection plants, the plants comprise cattail, calamus, iris lactea, festuca arundinacea and the like, the aquatic plants are transplanted through seedlings and grown through grass seeds scattered on a pore soil layer, and a small amount of nutrient slow-release solution is sprayed after the transplanting or the sowing, so that necessary nutrient elements are provided for the growth and development of the plants. The planting density is 8-24 plants/m3It can be adjusted according to the type and habit of the plant.
The stating step 6 is composed of rock or concrete and is arranged on an ecological concrete weir body for pedestrians to walk.
The wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device 7 is composed of a small wind power generator, photovoltaic power generation equipment and pipeline lines, and the whole device is fixed on the water-facing side part of the ecological concrete weir body or two banks of the canal through metal fixing rod pipes. When the metal fixing rod pipe is arranged on the concrete portion of the water facing section of the weir dam, the lower end of the metal fixing rod pipe is deeply buried into a weir dam body structure, and a main electric wire circuit is wrapped in the middle upper end pipe. The impeller surface of the small wind driven generator, the photovoltaic panel surface of the photovoltaic power generation equipment and the inclination angle are determined according to the field wind direction and the illumination peak time light angle. The small wind driven generator mainly comprises a wind wheel, an engine room, a main shaft, a generator and an electric wire, wherein wind power drives the generator to rotate through the wind wheel, and electric energy is stored in a storage battery through the electric wire. The photovoltaic power generation equipment collects solar energy through the monocrystalline silicon solar panel and transmits electric energy to the storage battery through the electric wire.
The main control box 8 is internally provided with a storage battery, an inverter, a main control module, a radio communication module and a data storage module, wherein: the main control module controls the operation of equipment (an electronic water level gauge 10, a micropore aeration device 9, a multifunctional water quality monitor 11 and a wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device 7) according to the electric quantity condition, the received data of the water quality and the water level can be synchronously stored in a data storage module and simultaneously transmitted to upper terminal equipment through a wireless communication module, and the upper terminal equipment can be a hydrological monitoring point, an environment monitoring station, a pc end and a mobile phone. The storage battery pack consists of two 12V65A storage battery devices, electric energy generated by the wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device 7 is transmitted to the storage battery pack through a line for storage, and output current of the storage battery pack supplies power for the microporous aeration device 9, the electronic water level gauge 10 and the multifunctional water quality monitor 11 after being subjected to voltage regulation and frequency modulation by the inverter. The main control module takes an ARM-Cortex-M3 inner core as a core, integrates hardware such as an electronic speed regulator, an MPU6000 module and the like, and is a central pivot of the whole notification system. The data storage module adopts a large-capacity portable data storage device, and realizes the acquisition and storage of data by using the SD card storage technology. The radio communication module adopts GSM/GPRS wireless communication hardware equipment and a matched communication protocol. The controllable electron water level gauge 10 of host system, micropore aeration equipment 9, the start-up and the closing of multi-functional water quality monitoring appearance 11, the real-time supervision data transmission of electron water level gauge 10 and multi-functional water quality monitoring appearance 11 is to the host system after, host system is with data storage to data storage module, simultaneously with data transmission to data station through wireless communication module, the internet, terminal receiving equipment such as PC equipment, when quality of water level data sharply changes, for example, quality of water pollutes that the major parameter exceeds standard several times in succession or water level data exceeds the design value for a certain time, host system can send alarm signal to terminal equipment and realize the early warning function. The main control module can control the electric quantity balance of the whole system, the rated power of the power generation equipment is larger than the power consumption power of each equipment, and the electric quantity of the storage battery is kept at a higher level when each equipment continuously works under normal working conditions; when the power generation condition is not favorable and the electric quantity is deficient, the main control module can control the running conditions of power consumption equipment such as the microporous aeration device 9 and the like, the power consumption rate is reduced, and the normal running of a monitoring equipment system is ensured.
The micropore aeration device 9 is composed of a waterproof air pump and micropore aeration pipe discs, the power is supplied by a main control box 8, the waterproof air pump is fixed to the lower side or the bank side of the stating step, the micropore aeration discs are connected through an air pipe, the aeration pipe discs are arranged on the packing layer 3 and can be arranged in a plurality of positions, the waterproof air pump can aerate and oxygenate water bodies through the aeration pipe discs during working, the oxygen content of the water bodies is increased, the blocking condition of the packing is reduced, the micropore aeration device 9 runs intermittently, and an aerobic-anaerobic alternate environment is created for the packing area.
The electronic water level gauge mainly comprises a digital water level sensor, a microchip controller and a waterproof shell, is connected to a main control module of the main control box 8 through a waterproof circuit, is usually fixed on a riverway side bank, can monitor water level data at any time by the digital water level sensor, has the precision of 1mm, transmits the water level data to the main control module through the microchip controller according to set frequency, and usually sets data output intervals of 1min, 5min, 30min and 1 h.
Multifunctional water quality monitoring appearance is mainly by dismantling quality of water index sensor module, the major structure, the fixed wire casing, the shell is constituteed, quality of water index sensor module passes through the interface and inserts the major structure, the total 6 module slots of major structure, solitary quality of water index sensor module can survey COD respectively, dissolved oxygen, the conductivity, the temperature, quality of water index parameters such as turbidity, can select different individual quality of water index sensor module equipment to go into the major structure according to the actual monitoring demand, major structure and individual quality of water index sensor module pass through the shell parcel protection, shell accessible fixed wire casing is fixed in weir dam upstream face middle part position. When the equipment is operated, the single water quality index sensor module transmits instant data to the control chip of the main structure, the control chip transmits the data to the main control module of the main control box 8, and the data output frequency can be adjusted according to requirements.
The intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir comprises the following concrete construction steps:
(a) the scale and the form of the ecological weir to be constructed are determined according to conditions such as the terrain of a building land, a canal and the like, the structural design and the modular system design of the weir dam body are carried out, and the weir dam body is ensured to meet the engineering safety requirement and the stable operation of the system. Preparing works such as early-stage diversion and drainage, river channel dredging, foundation treatment and construction and the like, and determining the arrangement positions of a dam body, a bank side main control box and a monitoring device (an electronic water level gauge and a multifunctional water quality monitor).
(b) And (3) pouring a concrete impermeable layer on the riverbed, curing to form the concrete impermeable layer basically, pouring ecological concrete, vertically installing a plurality of metal fixing rod pipes on the upstream concrete slope surface, transversely arranging a transverse water and electricity pipeline, and curing to form a stable structure.
(c) The filter material layer, the transition layer and the permeable inverse filter layer of the weir core filler are filled layer by layer, the external fixed box body of the microorganism embedding box and the micropore aeration disc of the micropore aeration device are arranged while the laying work is carried out, and the structure of each layer is slightly compacted.
(d) Wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation devices are arranged on the weir body, a main control box is arranged on the bank side, and simultaneously, water and electricity circuits among the device structures are laid, so that the sealing and pipe network detection work is well done.
(e) The method comprises the following steps of arranging an electronic water level gauge at a preset position in front of and behind a weir dam, fixing a multifunctional water quality monitor at the middle part of the upstream surface of the weir dam, fixing a waterproof air pump of a micropore aeration device in a stating step, and debugging equipment such as the electronic water level gauge, the multifunctional water quality monitor, the micropore aeration device and the like so as to ensure that all the equipment can normally run.
(f) Laying and covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the permeable reverse filtering layer of the weir core filler, laying a nutrient soil layer, and burying aquatic plant grass seeds or plant seedlings at a preset position of the nutrient soil layer; laying soil with a certain thickness on the upstream surface of the ecological concrete, and pre-burying plant grass seeds or plant seedlings in the soil; an inner embedding capsule for culturing the water-purifying microorganisms is arranged in an outer fixing box body of the microorganism embedding box; and uniformly sprinkling certain good water on the nutrient soil layer and the plant layer to ensure that the nutrient soil layer and the plant layer have certain water content.
(g) Gradually running by water, repeatedly debugging a monitoring control system, ensuring stable and safe running of each monitoring device (an electronic water level gauge and a multifunctional water quality monitor), and checking and recording running conditions of devices (a master control box and terminal devices) at regular intervals.
The principle and the electric quantity of the intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir are calculated as follows:
1. general principle
The general principle is as shown in fig. 4, and the dam body adopts ecological concrete and filler to construct, and ecological concrete possesses higher scour resistance ability and compressive capacity, possesses good structural stability, and whole weir dam body structure is porous penetrating structure, and porous structure provides good environment for the microorganism adheres to the biofilm formation, plant roots grows for the weir dam body can realize the pollutant and cut down and the natural purification of quality of water. The filling part of the weir dam body can control the water permeability of the weir dam body by adjusting the grading and the layered structure of the filling, thereby controlling the seepage flow. The pre-buried microorganism embedding box fixes water purification microorganisms according to requirements, strengthens the microbial degradation capability of the dam body, and has a certain degree of water purification efficiency adjustment capability. During the growth and development of the plants, part of nitrogen and phosphorus substances can be absorbed, and the water quality is slowly improved. The micropore aeration device increases the dissolved oxygen in the dam-crossing water flow, provides a high-oxygen content condition for the filler, is favorable for the decomposition of organic substances by the filler part, reduces the filling and blocking of solid particles, and is favorable for long-term operation. When water flows through the dam body at the permeable part of the dam, pollutants in the water are reduced through physical adsorption, vegetation absorption and microbial degradation.
The principle of the system module is shown in fig. 5, the power generation equipment consists of two parts, clean energy is adopted for power generation, wind energy and solar energy are converted into electric energy for storage, the two parts are complementary, even if the wind power is small or even almost no wind energy is generated, the solar energy is used for power generation and energy supplement, and when the solar power generation is less or even no power generation is available at night, the wind energy power generation equipment is used for power generation and energy supply and is supplied to a main control box and other power utilization equipment for use. The power generation equipment converts natural energy into electric energy to be stored in the storage battery, the electric energy is supplied to each power utilization equipment after being processed by the inverter, the whole system can realize electric quantity balance without additional power supply, the monitoring equipment monitors the water level of water quality before the dam and the water level data after the dam in real time, and transmits the data to the terminal equipment (a hydrological station, an environment monitoring station, the internet, a PC (personal computer), a mobile phone and the like), the data are analyzed and processed, and convenience is provided for water management of decision makers. The functions of water body aeration, water quality and water level monitoring and disaster early warning are realized through the weir dam structure.
2. Principle and calculation of electric quantity balance
(1) Calculation of power generation capacity of photovoltaic power generation equipment
Photovoltaic solar energy electroplax can be with solar energy transformation electric energy, and the factor that influences photovoltaic solar energy electroplax generating efficiency mainly has: temperature, illumination time, illumination intensity, and the like. Because the weather is different every day throughout the year, the conversion efficiency of the solar cell panel to sunlight cannot be converted by one hundred percent, and the solar cell panel converts light energy into electric energy and transports the electric energy to the storage battery with certain loss, the effective illumination time of the solar cell panel per day is 7 hours, and the electricity generation efficiency is 80%.
W1＝pstη
In the formula:
W1-daily generated energy, kW · h;
p-electric power, kW/m, per unit area of photovoltaic panel2；
s-photovoltaic panel area, s ═ ab, m2；
t is the effective illumination time of day, h;
η -efficiency of solar generator, generally 80%.
(2) Calculation of the Power Generation of a wind Power plant
The wind driven generator can collect the kinetic energy of wind through the impeller and convert the kinetic energy into electric energy through the motor, and the factors influencing the generating efficiency of the small wind driven generator mainly comprise: wind speed, wind direction, impeller specification, etc. The wind power condition changes with time and temperature all year round, and the conversion efficiency of the wind power generator to wind power cannot reach one hundred percent.
In the formula:
W2-daily generated energy, kW · h;
rho-air density, typically 1.293kg/m3；
s-area swept by the impeller, s ═ r2，m2；
r is the length of the wind wheel blade, m;
v-wind speed, m/s;
t is the effective wind speed time, h;
η -wind turbine efficiency, typically 0.593.
(3) Power consumption calculation
The power consumption equipment of the whole system is mainly powered by the micropore aeration device, the electronic water level gauge, the multifunctional water quality monitor and the main control box.
Wu＝n1p1t1+n2p2t2+n3p3t3+We
In the formula:
n1～n3the number of aeration devices, electronic water level gauges and water quality monitoring devices;
p1～p3power of aeration equipment, an electronic water level gauge and water quality monitoring equipment, kW;
t1～t3daily working time of aeration equipment, an electronic water level gauge and water quality monitoring equipment h;
Weand the daily power consumption of the main control box equipment is kW.h.
When the system is working, W is usually needed1+W2≥Wu。
Application example:
an ecological weir built in a certain area has the average wind speed of 3m/s in the area, the average daily effective illumination time of 6h and the area of a photovoltaic plate of a photovoltaic power generation device of 0.5m3The length of the wind wheel blade of the wind power generation equipment is 0.5m, and the total daily generated power is more than 12 kW.h. The system is provided with 1 aeration device, 2 electronic water level gauges and 2 water quality monitoring devices, the power is 0.25kW, 0.01kW and 0.03kW respectively, the daily working time is 18h, 24h and 24h respectively, the daily power consumption of the main control box is less than 0.5 kW.h, the total daily power consumption is less than 10 kW.h, the daily power consumption is less than the daily power generation amount, and the system can run for a long time.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an ecological weir of intelligent monitoring water purification, its characterized in that ecological weir of intelligent monitoring water purification includes ecological concrete weir body, concrete barrier layer, weir heart filler, vegetable layer, the step of stating, wind-force solar photovoltaic power generation device, master control case, micropore aeration equipment, electron water level chi, multi-functional water quality monitoring appearance, wherein:
the ecological concrete weir body is formed by pouring ecological concrete on a concrete impermeable layer and a riverbed bottom;
the weir core filler body consists of a filler layer and a microorganism curing embedding box and is arranged on the concrete impermeable layer;
the filler layer consists of a filter material layer, a transition layer, a permeable reverse filter layer and a nutrient soil layer from bottom to top in sequence;
the microorganism embedding box consists of an outer fixing box body and an inner embedding bag, the inner embedding bag and the outer fixing box body are fixedly connected in a buckling mode, and the outer fixing box body is fixedly embedded on the back water side of the packing layer;
the vegetation layer is positioned on the upstream slope surface of the ecological concrete weir body;
the wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device is arranged at the part of the upstream side of the ecological concrete weir body or at the two banks of the canal;
the microporous aeration device consists of a waterproof air pump and a microporous aeration pipe disc, wherein the waterproof air pump is fixed to the lower side or the bank side of the stating step and is connected with the microporous aeration disc through an air pipe, and the aeration pipe disc is arranged on the packing layer;
the electronic water level gauge is fixed on the side bank of the river channel;
the multifunctional water quality monitor is fixed in the middle of the upstream face of the ecological concrete weir body;
the main control box is arranged on the bank of a river, and a storage battery pack, an inverter, a main control module, a radio communication module and a data storage module are arranged inside the main control box, wherein: the main control module controls the operation of the electronic water level gauge, the micropore aeration device, the multifunctional water quality monitor and the wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device according to the electric quantity condition, the received water quality and water level data are synchronously stored in the data storage module and simultaneously transmitted to the upper terminal equipment through the wireless communication module, and when the water quality and water level data change rapidly, the main control module sends an alarm signal to the terminal equipment to realize an early warning function; the electric energy generated by the wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device is transmitted to the storage battery pack through a line for storage, and the output current of the storage battery pack supplies power for the microporous aeration device, the electronic water level gauge and the multifunctional water quality monitor after being subjected to voltage regulation and frequency modulation by the inverter.
2. The intelligent monitoring water purifying ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the concrete impermeable layer is cast from a water impermeable concrete body.
3. The intelligent monitoring water purification ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the filter material layer is formed by mixing and stacking one or more adsorptive fillers selected from sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite and sand gravel, and the grading particle size of the material is 2-12 mm; the transition layer is formed by piling one or more adsorptive fillers in sand gravel, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite and sand gravel, and the grading particle size of the material is 8-24 mm; the permeable inverted filter layer is composed of one or more of materials such as sand gravel, cobblestone, quartz sand, zeolite, volcanic rock, ceramsite and the like, and the grading particle size of the materials is 18-32 mm; the nutrient soil layer is formed by mixing local river flood plain soil, river fine sand and waterweed nutrient mud.
4. The intelligent monitoring water purifying ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the external fixing box body of the microorganism embedding box is made of PVC material, and random holes of 1-5 mm are formed on each surface of the box body.
5. The intelligent monitoring water purifying ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the inner embedding bag of the microorganism embedding box is composed of a triangular grid-shaped porous permeable fixing structure and a water-insoluble biological gel polymer.
6. The intelligent monitoring water purifying ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the vegetation layer is composed of surface ecological concrete, soil and aquatic plants, the aquatic plant type is selected from emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants or waterfront slope protection plants, and the planting density is 8-24 plants/m3。
7. The intelligent monitoring water purifying ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the wind/solar photovoltaic power generation device is composed of a small wind power generator, a photovoltaic power generation device and a pipeline, and the whole device is fixed on the water-facing side part of the ecological concrete weir body or the two banks of the canal through a metal fixing rod pipe.
8. The intelligent monitoring water purifying ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the electronic water level gauge is composed of a digital water level sensor, a microchip controller and a waterproof shell, and is connected to the main control module of the main control box through a waterproof circuit, the digital water level sensor monitors water level data at any time, and the water level data is transmitted to the main control module through the microchip controller according to a set frequency.
9. The intelligent monitoring water purifying ecological weir of claim 1, wherein the multifunctional water quality monitor is composed of a detachable water quality index sensor module, a main structure, a fixed line slot and a shell, the water quality index sensor module is inserted into the main structure through an interface, the main structure and the water quality index sensor module are covered and protected by the shell, and the shell is fixed at the middle position of the upstream face of the ecological concrete weir body through the fixed line slot.
10. A method for constructing an intelligent monitoring water purifying ecological weir of any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
determining the scale and the form of an ecological weir to be constructed, and carrying out structural design and modular system design on a weir dam body to ensure that the weir dam body meets the engineering safety requirement and the system stably operates; preparing construction work of early diversion and drainage, river channel dredging and foundation treatment, and determining the arrangement positions of a dam body, a bank side main control box, an electronic water level gauge and a multifunctional water quality monitor;
step two, pouring a concrete impermeable layer on the riverbed, curing until the concrete impermeable layer is basically formed, pouring ecological concrete, laying a metal fixed rod pipe and a transverse water and electricity pipeline, and curing until the poured structure is stable;
step three, filling a filter material layer, a transition layer and a permeable inverse filter layer of the weir core filler in layers, and laying an outer fixed box body of the microorganism embedding box and a micropore aeration disc of a micropore aeration device while laying;
fourthly, installing and laying a wind power/solar photovoltaic power generation device, arranging and assembling a main control box at the edge of the river bank, laying a hydraulic line, and performing sealing and pipe network detection work;
fifthly, an electronic water level gauge is arranged, a multifunctional water quality monitor is fixed, and a waterproof air pump of the microporous aeration device is fixed in the stating step;
laying and covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the permeable reverse filtering layer of the weir core filler, laying a nutrient soil layer, and burying aquatic plant grass seeds or plant seedlings at a preset position of the nutrient soil layer; laying soil on the upstream face of the ecological concrete, and pre-burying plant grass seeds or plant seedlings in the soil; an inner embedding capsule for culturing the water-purifying microorganisms is arranged in an outer fixing box body of the microorganism embedding box; uniformly watering the nutrient soil layer and the plant layer;
and seventhly, gradually introducing water for operation, repeatedly debugging the monitoring control system, ensuring the stable and safe operation of the electronic water level gauge and the multifunctional water quality monitor, and checking and recording the operation conditions of the master control box and the terminal equipment at regular intervals.
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