CN113179896A - Radish selenium enrichment quality-improving cultivation method - Google Patents
Radish selenium enrichment quality-improving cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113179896A CN113179896A CN202110542814.8A CN202110542814A CN113179896A CN 113179896 A CN113179896 A CN 113179896A CN 202110542814 A CN202110542814 A CN 202110542814A CN 113179896 A CN113179896 A CN 113179896A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for selenium enrichment and quality improvement of radishes, which comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a planting field; step 2, selecting seeds; step 3, seed dressing treatment of selenium fertilizer; step 4, ploughing ridges and turning the land; step 5, seed influence; step 6, sowing seeds; step 7, field management: dividing into a and thinning out seedlings in time; b. topdressing and watering; c. intertillage and weeding are carried out, and diseases and insect pests are prevented; and 8, harvesting timely. According to the invention, selenium fertilizer seed dressing treatment is carried out on radish seeds, and a land with thick soil layer and rich organic matters is selected for sowing, so that the growth and quality of the radish are ensured, meanwhile, a manual selenium supplement method is adopted, and the radish with the selenium content not up to the standard is inserted into the soil at the root of the radish by an injection tube during harvesting so as to supplement the selenium for the radish, so that the selenium content in the radish is ensured, and the radish has high nutritive value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes.
Background
Radish, a two-year or one-year old herb of the genus Raphanus of the family Brassicaceae, has a height of 20-100 cm, fleshy taproot, oblong, spherical or conical shape, green, white or red skin, branched stem, hairless, and slightly frosty appearance. The general inflorescence grows from the top and the axilla, the flower is white or pink, the fruit stem is 1-1.5 cm, the flowering period is 4-5 months, the fruit period is 5-6 months, the selenium-rich radish has the selling price higher than that of the common radish by more than 20 percent, the medical care effect is obvious, the selenium-rich radish is deeply loved by consumers, the market demand is large, and the selenium is one of 15 nutrient elements which are necessary for people every day and is also an important microelement for prolonging the service life of human beings.
However, in the existing cultivation technology, the radish selenium-rich cultivation has the defects that the yield of the radish is low, the selenium-rich content is low, even the radish has the conditions of less moisture and bitter taste, and further the radish planting quality is influenced, so that the radish selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes, and aims to solve the technical problems.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a planting field: the method is suitable for planting on soil which is naturally loose, thick and solid in soil layer, good in drainage, sufficient in illumination, rich in organic matters, not planted with cruciferous plants at the early stage and has the pH value of the soil between 6.4 and 6.9;
step 2, seed selection: the radish seeds are suitable to be selected from varieties which have full grains, no mildew, good quality, cold resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance and fast growth;
step 3, selenium fertilizer seed dressing treatment: firstly, radish seeds are soaked in saline water, air-dried quickly after the seeds swell, and then added into a selenium-containing nutrient solution for seed dressing treatment, so that the radish seeds fully absorb the selenium-containing nutrient solution;
step 4, ridge ploughing and land turning: before sowing, selecting cultivation land blocks according to different varieties to carry out deep ploughing and turning, airing, then smashing and raking soil blocks, applying a base fertilizer as a main component, paying attention to the cooperation of a phosphate fertilizer, adopting a ridging mode, adopting deep and high furrows to facilitate drainage, and carrying out ridge ploughing and turning fertilization on the cultivation land;
step 5, seed influence: the seeding quantity of the radish is different according to different varieties, plumpness of seeds, germination rates, seeding modes and cultivation seasons, and the seed quality is strictly checked before seeding;
step 6, sowing seeds: the radish seed sowing can adopt a dibbling or broadcasting mode;
step 7, field management: dividing into a and thinning out seedlings in time; b. topdressing and watering; c. intertillage and weeding are carried out, and diseases and insect pests are prevented;
step 8, harvesting in due time: during harvesting, the selenium content of the radish is sampled and detected, harvesting is delayed for areas with insufficient selenium content, an injection tube is inserted into soil near the root of the radish, and selenium-containing nutrient solution is injected.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step 4 adopts farmyard manure as a main fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as an auxiliary fertilizer, 4000-.
Preferably, in the step 4, the soil ridge is ploughed for a plurality of times, and the ploughing depth is over 20 cm.
Preferably, the spring radishes are generally sown in early spring and harvested in 4-5 months, the summer radishes are generally sown in 5-6 months and harvested in 7-8 months, the autumn radishes are generally sown in 7 months and harvested in 9-10 months, and the winter radishes are generally sown in 9 months and harvested in 11 months.
Preferably, the field pieces dibbled in the step 6 are firstly drilled in the rows of the mulching film, 2 rows are generally planted in one compartment, the row spacing is 6-8 inches, the plant spacing is 5-7 inches, the drilling depth is half inches, then seeds are placed, 1-2 grains are placed in one hole, soil covering is carried out after the seeds are placed, nutrient soil is covered, the opening of the film is leveled, a small amount of water is uniformly sprayed on the nutrient soil on the hole surface by a sprayer after the whole field is sowed, and the purpose of covering soil and moistening is achieved.
Preferably, the nutrient soil is a mixture of plant ash and fine sand soil, the plant ash is residues of herbaceous plants and woody plants after combustion, the sand soil is fine soil obtained by screening the sand soil of the radish planting field, and the fine sand soil and the plant ash are mixed according to a ratio of 1:1 to obtain the nutrient soil.
Preferably, the principle of 'early-late-setting' is mastered in the timely thinning in the step 7, thinning operation is carried out when 2-3 leaves exist in the radish leaves, small seedlings and weak seedlings are pulled out, 2-3 strong seedlings grow in each pond, and the thinning operation is carried out when 5-6 leaves exist in each pond, only one seedling is left in each pond, the small weak seedlings and the larger seedlings are pulled out according to the growth condition of the whole field in the thinning operation, so that the plants grow neatly and consistently, and fine soil between rows is adopted for seedling culture in the thinning operation, so that the seedlings are not easy to bend.
Preferably, in the step 7, after topdressing and water application, in the growth process of the radish, besides base fertilizer application, seedling observation and topdressing are needed, topdressing time is carried out according to soil fertility and growth conditions, the topdressing can adopt a manual selenium supplement mode, selenium supplement is carried out on the radish leaf surfaces and rhizosphere, selenium fertilizer is prepared into selenium solution with the concentration of 55mg/kg-110mg/kg on the leaf surfaces, selenium is sprayed once respectively in the leaf growth period and the fruit growth period, the afternoon time of fine days is selected for selenium spraying, the radish leaves are uniformly sprayed by adopting a spray mode at a distance of 35cm from the leaves, the radish leaves are flushed with rainwater within 5 hours after selenium application, 1 additional spraying is carried out in time, and the radish leaves are not mixed with alkaline pesticide and fertilizer; stopping applying selenium 20 days before harvesting, supplementing selenium at rhizosphere, and applying a selenium soil conditioner in the field according to product specifications before soil plowing. Then ploughing to make the soil and the selenium fertilizer fully mixed.
Preferably, the intertillage weeding in the step 7 is carried out to prevent and treat the plant diseases and insect pests, the intertillage is carried out for 2-3 times in the whole production period, the intertillage is carried out firstly, the intertillage is carried out deeply and then shallowly, the intertillage is carried out firstly, the intertillage is carried out secondly and the roots are prevented from being damaged, the soil in the ditch is cultivated on the surface of the furrow to prevent seedlings from falling down during the last intertillage, the intertillage weeding is carried out timely if the soil is hardened due to rain or watering, the plant protection policy of 'prevention and control is mainly carried out in the process of preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests and comprehensively preventing and treating' is preferentially adopted, the agricultural prevention and control, the physical prevention and control and the biological prevention and control are adopted, the chemical prevention and control are scientifically and reasonably adopted by adopting the novel pesticide with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, the accurate prevention and control, the early control and the small control of the plant diseases and insect pests are realized, and the pesticide is reasonably mixed, alternated and the pesticide is alternately used.
Preferably, in the step 8, when most functional leaves become dark, the leaves begin to turn yellow green and no new leaves grow, the meat roots grow sufficiently, and the head of the root has thick grains, the radish is harvested in time, processed into radish strips or radish shreds according to market needs, and stored for sale after being dried in the sun.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, sandy loam which is deep in soil layer, rich in organic matters, loose and fertile, good in water retention and drainage and has the pH value of 6.4-6.9 is selected, so that the straight root branching is effectively avoided, and the quality of the radish is ensured;
2. according to the invention, through selection of seeds and selection of different cultivation plots according to different varieties, the growth is fast, the quality is good, and the resistance is strong;
3. according to the invention, selenium fertilizer seed dressing treatment is carried out on radish seeds, so that the seeds can fully absorb selenium nutrient solution, the germination rate of the radish can be ensured, and the yield of the radish can be increased;
4. according to the method, after the seeds are sowed in the dibbling mode, the mixture of plant ash and fine soil of sandy soil is used for covering and burying the seeds, and water is sprayed on the covering soil, so that the growth of the radishes can be promoted, and the effect of increasing the yield can be achieved;
5. according to the invention, through scientific selenium application and physiological and biochemical reaction of the radish, inorganic selenium is absorbed into radish plants and converted into organic selenium which can be absorbed and utilized by human bodies and is enriched in radish root tubers, so that the radish with good taste, high yield and high selenium content can be ensured;
6. according to the invention, through the field management arrangement, the yield of radish planting can be effectively improved and the radish planting quality can be effectively improved through timely thinning, intertillage weeding and disease and pest control.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of technical means, characteristics of creation, objectives and functions realized by the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to be exhaustive. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The following are specific examples of the present invention.
Example 1
A selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a planting field: the method is suitable for planting on soil which is naturally loose, thick and solid in soil layer, good in drainage, sufficient in illumination, rich in organic matters, not planted with cruciferous plants at the early stage and has the pH value of the soil between 6.4 and 6.9;
step 2, seed selection: the radish seeds are suitable to be selected from varieties which have full grains, no mildew, good quality, cold resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance and fast growth;
step 3, selenium fertilizer seed dressing treatment: firstly, radish seeds are soaked in saline water, air-dried quickly after the seeds swell, and then added into a selenium-containing nutrient solution for seed dressing treatment, so that the radish seeds fully absorb the selenium-containing nutrient solution;
step 4, ridge ploughing and land turning: before sowing, selecting cultivation land blocks according to different varieties to carry out deep ploughing and turning, airing, then smashing and raking soil blocks, applying a base fertilizer as a main component, paying attention to the cooperation of a phosphate fertilizer, adopting a ridging mode, adopting deep and high furrows to facilitate drainage, and carrying out ridge ploughing and turning fertilization on the cultivation land;
step 5, seed influence: the seeding quantity of the radish is different according to different varieties, plumpness of seeds, germination rates, seeding modes and cultivation seasons, and the seed quality is strictly checked before seeding;
step 6, sowing seeds: the radish seed sowing can adopt a dibbling or broadcasting mode;
step 7, field management: dividing into a and thinning out seedlings in time; b. topdressing and watering; c. intertillage and weeding are carried out, and diseases and insect pests are prevented;
step 8, harvesting in due time: during harvesting, the selenium content of the radish is sampled and detected, harvesting is delayed for areas with insufficient selenium content, an injection tube is inserted into soil near the root of the radish, and selenium-containing nutrient solution is injected.
In the step 4, the base fertilizer adopts farmyard manure as the main fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as the auxiliary fertilizer, 4000 and 5000kg of farmyard manure are needed for land preparation, decomposed stable manure is preferably selected as the farmyard manure per mu, 120kg of chemical fertilizer is preferably selected as the chemical fertilizer, and ternary nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are preferably selected as the chemical fertilizer.
And 4, turning the soil ridges for multiple times in the step 4, and simultaneously turning over the soil ridges for more than 20 cm.
Drilling holes in the field pieces dibbled in the step 6, generally planting 2 rows in one compartment, planting the row spacing of 6-8 inches and the plant spacing of 5-7 inches, drilling the holes to half an inch deep, then placing seeds, placing 1-2 seeds in one hole, covering soil after seed placement, covering nutrient soil, leveling the hole with a film, uniformly spraying a small amount of water on the nutrient soil on the hole surface by using a sprayer after the whole field is sowed, and preferably covering the soil and moistening the soil; the nutrient soil is a mixture of plant ash and fine sand soil, the plant ash is residues of herbaceous plants and woody plants after combustion, the sand soil is fine soil obtained by screening the sand soil of the radish planting field, and the fine sand soil and the plant ash are mixed according to a ratio of 1:1 to obtain the nutrient soil.
And 7, timely thinning and mastering the principle of 'early-late-fixing', thinning operation is carried out when 2-3 leaves exist in the radish leaves, small seedlings and weak seedlings are pulled out, 2-3 strong seedlings grow in each pond, and thinning is carried out when 5-6 leaves exist in each pond, only one seedling is left in each pond, the small weak seedlings and larger seedlings are pulled out according to the growth condition of the whole field during thinning, so that the plants grow neatly and consistently, and row-to-row fine soil is adopted for seedling culture during thinning, so that the seedlings are not easy to bend.
Step 7, topdressing and water application are carried out, in the growth process of the radish, besides base fertilizer application, seedling observation and topdressing are needed, topdressing time is carried out according to soil fertility and growth conditions, the topdressing can be carried out in a manual selenium supplement mode, selenium supplement is carried out on radish leaf surfaces and rhizosphere, selenium fertilizer is prepared into selenium solution with the concentration of 55mg/kg-110mg/kg on the leaf surfaces, selenium is sprayed once respectively in the leaf growth period and the fruit growth period, the afternoon time of fine days is selected for selenium spraying, spraying is uniformly carried out at a distance of 35cm away from leaves in a spraying mode, the radish is washed by rainwater within 5 hours after selenium application, 1 additional spraying is carried out in time, and the radish should not be mixed with alkaline pesticide and fertilizer; stopping applying selenium 20 days before harvesting, supplementing selenium at rhizosphere, and applying a selenium soil conditioner in the field according to product specifications before soil plowing. Then ploughing to make the soil and the selenium fertilizer fully mixed.
And (7) intertillage weeding and pest control in the step 7, wherein intertillage is carried out for 2-3 times in the whole production period, wherein the intertillage is carried out firstly, then, the roots are near and then, the roots are far away, the soil in the ditch is cultivated on the soil moisture surface during the last intertillage to prevent falling seedlings, if the soil is hardened due to raining or watering, the intertillage weeding is carried out in time, the pest control process is carried out according to a plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive control', agricultural control, physical control and biological control are preferentially adopted, chemical control is scientifically and reasonably used in a matched manner, and new pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue are scientifically adopted during the pesticide control, the control of diseases and pests are accurate, early and small, and mixed, alternate and alternative pesticide application is realized.
Example 2
A selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a planting field: selecting common land;
step 2, seed selection: the radish seeds are suitable to be selected from varieties which have full grains, no mildew, good quality, cold resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance and fast growth;
step 3, selenium fertilizer seed dressing treatment: firstly, radish seeds are soaked in saline water, air-dried quickly after the seeds swell, and then added into a selenium-containing nutrient solution for seed dressing treatment, so that the radish seeds fully absorb the selenium-containing nutrient solution;
step 4, ridge ploughing and land turning: before sowing, selecting cultivation land blocks according to different varieties to carry out deep ploughing and turning, airing, then smashing and raking soil blocks, applying a base fertilizer as a main component, paying attention to the cooperation of a phosphate fertilizer, adopting a ridging mode, adopting deep and high furrows to facilitate drainage, and carrying out ridge ploughing and turning fertilization on the cultivation land;
step 5, seed influence: the seeding quantity of the radish is different according to different varieties, plumpness of seeds, germination rates, seeding modes and cultivation seasons, and the seed quality is strictly checked before seeding;
step 6, sowing seeds: the radish seed sowing can adopt a dibbling or broadcasting mode;
step 7, field management: dividing into a and thinning out seedlings in time; b. topdressing and watering; c. intertillage and weeding are carried out, and diseases and insect pests are prevented;
step 8, harvesting in due time: during harvesting, the selenium content of the radish is sampled and detected, harvesting is delayed for areas with insufficient selenium content, an injection tube is inserted into soil near the root of the radish, and selenium-containing nutrient solution is injected.
In the step 4, the base fertilizer adopts farmyard manure as the main fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as the auxiliary fertilizer, 4000 and 5000kg of farmyard manure are needed for land preparation, decomposed stable manure is preferably selected as the farmyard manure per mu, 120kg of chemical fertilizer is preferably selected as the chemical fertilizer, and ternary nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are preferably selected as the chemical fertilizer.
And 4, turning the soil ridges for multiple times in the step 4, and simultaneously turning over the soil ridges for more than 20 cm.
Drilling holes in the field pieces dibbled in the step 6, generally planting 2 rows in one compartment, planting the row spacing of 6-8 inches and the plant spacing of 5-7 inches, drilling the holes to half an inch deep, then placing seeds, placing 1-2 seeds in one hole, covering soil after seed placement, covering nutrient soil, leveling the hole with a film, uniformly spraying a small amount of water on the nutrient soil on the hole surface by using a sprayer after the whole field is sowed, and preferably covering the soil and moistening the soil; the nutrient soil is a mixture of plant ash and fine sand soil, the plant ash is residues of herbaceous plants and woody plants after combustion, the sand soil is fine soil obtained by screening the sand soil of the radish planting field, and the fine sand soil and the plant ash are mixed according to a ratio of 1:1 to obtain the nutrient soil.
And 7, timely thinning and mastering the principle of 'early-late-fixing', thinning operation is carried out when 2-3 leaves exist in the radish leaves, small seedlings and weak seedlings are pulled out, 2-3 strong seedlings grow in each pond, and thinning is carried out when 5-6 leaves exist in each pond, only one seedling is left in each pond, the small weak seedlings and larger seedlings are pulled out according to the growth condition of the whole field during thinning, so that the plants grow neatly and consistently, and row-to-row fine soil is adopted for seedling culture during thinning, so that the seedlings are not easy to bend.
Step 7, topdressing and water application are carried out, in the growth process of the radish, besides base fertilizer application, seedling observation and topdressing are needed, topdressing time is carried out according to soil fertility and growth conditions, the topdressing can be carried out in a manual selenium supplement mode, selenium supplement is carried out on radish leaf surfaces and rhizosphere, selenium fertilizer is prepared into selenium solution with the concentration of 55mg/kg-110mg/kg on the leaf surfaces, selenium is sprayed once respectively in the leaf growth period and the fruit growth period, the afternoon time of fine days is selected for selenium spraying, spraying is uniformly carried out at a distance of 35cm away from leaves in a spraying mode, the radish is washed by rainwater within 5 hours after selenium application, 1 additional spraying is carried out in time, and the radish should not be mixed with alkaline pesticide and fertilizer; stopping applying selenium 20 days before harvesting, supplementing selenium at rhizosphere, and applying a selenium soil conditioner in the field according to product specifications before soil plowing. Then ploughing to make the soil and the selenium fertilizer fully mixed.
And (7) intertillage weeding and pest control in the step 7, wherein intertillage is carried out for 2-3 times in the whole production period, wherein the intertillage is carried out firstly, then, the roots are near and then, the roots are far away, the soil in the ditch is cultivated on the soil moisture surface during the last intertillage to prevent falling seedlings, if the soil is hardened due to raining or watering, the intertillage weeding is carried out in time, the pest control process is carried out according to a plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive control', agricultural control, physical control and biological control are preferentially adopted, chemical control is scientifically and reasonably used in a matched manner, and new pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue are scientifically adopted during the pesticide control, the control of diseases and pests are accurate, early and small, and mixed, alternate and alternative pesticide application is realized.
Example 3
A selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a planting field: the method is suitable for planting on soil which is naturally loose, thick and solid in soil layer, good in drainage, sufficient in illumination, rich in organic matters, not planted with cruciferous plants at the early stage and has the pH value of the soil between 6.4 and 6.9;
step 2, seed selection: the radish seeds are suitable to be selected from varieties which have full grains, no mildew, good quality, cold resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance and fast growth;
step 3, ridge ploughing and land turning: before sowing, selecting cultivation land blocks according to different varieties to carry out deep ploughing and turning, airing, then smashing and raking soil blocks, applying a base fertilizer as a main component, paying attention to the cooperation of a phosphate fertilizer, adopting a ridging mode, adopting deep and high furrows to facilitate drainage, and carrying out ridge ploughing and turning fertilization on the cultivation land;
step 4, seed influence: the seeding quantity of the radish is different according to different varieties, plumpness of seeds, germination rates, seeding modes and cultivation seasons, and the seed quality is strictly checked before seeding;
step 5, sowing seeds: the radish seed sowing can adopt a dibbling or broadcasting mode;
step 6, field management: dividing into a and thinning out seedlings in time; b. topdressing and watering; c. intertillage and weeding are carried out, and diseases and insect pests are prevented;
step 7, timely harvesting: during harvesting, the selenium content of the radish is sampled and detected, harvesting is delayed for areas with insufficient selenium content, an injection tube is inserted into soil near the root of the radish, and selenium-containing nutrient solution is injected.
In the step 4, the base fertilizer adopts farmyard manure as the main fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as the auxiliary fertilizer, 4000 and 5000kg of farmyard manure are needed for land preparation, decomposed stable manure is preferably selected as the farmyard manure per mu, 120kg of chemical fertilizer is preferably selected as the chemical fertilizer, and ternary nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are preferably selected as the chemical fertilizer.
And 4, turning the soil ridges for multiple times in the step 4, and simultaneously turning over the soil ridges for more than 20 cm.
Drilling holes in the field pieces dibbled in the step 5, generally planting 2 rows in one compartment, planting the row spacing of 6-8 inches and the plant spacing of 5-7 inches, drilling the holes to half an inch deep, then placing seeds, placing 1-2 seeds in one hole, covering soil after seed placement, covering nutrient soil, leveling the hole with a film, uniformly spraying a small amount of water on the nutrient soil on the hole surface by using a sprayer after the whole field is sowed, and preferably covering the soil and moistening the soil; the nutrient soil is a mixture of plant ash and fine sand soil, the plant ash is residues of herbaceous plants and woody plants after combustion, the sand soil is fine soil obtained by screening the sand soil of the radish planting field, and the fine sand soil and the plant ash are mixed according to a ratio of 1:1 to obtain the nutrient soil.
And 6, timely thinning and mastering the principle of 'early-late-fixing', thinning operation is carried out when 2-3 leaves exist in the radish leaves, small seedlings and weak seedlings are pulled out, 2-3 strong seedlings grow in each pond, and thinning is carried out when 5-6 leaves exist in each pond, only one seedling is left in each pond, the small weak seedlings and larger seedlings are pulled out according to the growth condition of the whole field during thinning, so that the plants grow neatly and consistently, and row-to-row fine soil is adopted for seedling culture during thinning, so that the seedlings are not easy to bend.
The topdressing and water application in the step 6 are carried out, the radish needs to be looked at for seedling and topdressing besides base fertilizer application in the growth process, topdressing time is carried out according to soil fertility and growth conditions, the topdressing can adopt a manual selenium supplement mode, selenium supplement is carried out on radish leaf surfaces and rhizosphere, selenium fertilizer is prepared into selenium solution with the concentration of 55mg/kg-110mg/kg on the leaf surfaces, selenium is sprayed once respectively in the leaf growth period and the fruit growth period, the afternoon time of fine days is selected for selenium spraying, spraying is uniformly carried out at a distance of 35cm away from leaves in a spraying mode, the radish is washed by rainwater within 5 hours after selenium application, and the radish is timely subjected to 1-time additional spraying and is not mixed with alkaline pesticide and fertilizer; stopping applying selenium 20 days before harvesting, supplementing selenium at rhizosphere, and applying a selenium soil conditioner in the field according to product specifications before soil plowing. Then ploughing to make the soil and the selenium fertilizer fully mixed.
And (7) intertillage weeding and pest control in the step 7, wherein intertillage is carried out for 2-3 times in the whole production period, wherein the intertillage is carried out firstly, then, the roots are near and then, the roots are far away, the soil in the ditch is cultivated on the soil moisture surface during the last intertillage to prevent falling seedlings, if the soil is hardened due to raining or watering, the intertillage weeding is carried out in time, the pest control process is carried out according to a plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive control', agricultural control, physical control and biological control are preferentially adopted, chemical control is scientifically and reasonably used in a matched manner, and new pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue are scientifically adopted during the pesticide control, the control of diseases and pests are accurate, early and small, and mixed, alternate and alternative pesticide application is realized.
Example 4
A selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a planting field: the method is suitable for planting on soil which is naturally loose, thick and solid in soil layer, good in drainage, sufficient in illumination, rich in organic matters, not planted with cruciferous plants at the early stage and has the pH value of the soil between 6.4 and 6.9;
step 2, seed selection: the radish seeds are suitable to be selected from varieties which have full grains, no mildew, good quality, cold resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance and fast growth;
step 3, selenium fertilizer seed dressing treatment: firstly, radish seeds are soaked in saline water, air-dried quickly after the seeds swell, and then added into a selenium-containing nutrient solution for seed dressing treatment, so that the radish seeds fully absorb the selenium-containing nutrient solution;
step 4, ridge ploughing and land turning: before sowing, selecting cultivation land blocks according to different varieties to carry out deep ploughing and turning, airing, then smashing and raking soil blocks, applying a base fertilizer as a main component, paying attention to the cooperation of a phosphate fertilizer, adopting a ridging mode, adopting deep and high furrows to facilitate drainage, and carrying out ridge ploughing and turning fertilization on the cultivation land;
step 5, seed influence: the seeding quantity of the radish is different according to different varieties, plumpness of seeds, germination rates, seeding modes and cultivation seasons, and the seed quality is strictly checked before seeding;
step 6, sowing seeds: the radish seed sowing can adopt a dibbling or broadcasting mode;
step 7, field management: dividing into a and thinning out seedlings in time; b. watering; c. intertillage and weeding are carried out, and diseases and insect pests are prevented;
step 8, harvesting in due time: during harvesting, the selenium content of the radish is sampled and detected, harvesting is delayed for areas with insufficient selenium content, an injection tube is inserted into soil near the root of the radish, and selenium-containing nutrient solution is injected.
In the step 4, the base fertilizer adopts farmyard manure as the main fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as the auxiliary fertilizer, 4000 and 5000kg of farmyard manure are needed for land preparation, decomposed stable manure is preferably selected as the farmyard manure per mu, 120kg of chemical fertilizer is preferably selected as the chemical fertilizer, and ternary nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are preferably selected as the chemical fertilizer.
And 4, turning the soil ridges for multiple times in the step 4, and simultaneously turning over the soil ridges for more than 20 cm.
Drilling holes in the field pieces dibbled in the step 6, generally planting 2 rows in one compartment, planting the row spacing of 6-8 inches and the plant spacing of 5-7 inches, drilling the holes to half an inch deep, then placing seeds, placing 1-2 seeds in one hole, covering soil after seed placement, covering nutrient soil, leveling the hole with a film, uniformly spraying a small amount of water on the nutrient soil on the hole surface by using a sprayer after the whole field is sowed, and preferably covering the soil and moistening the soil; the nutrient soil is a mixture of plant ash and fine sand soil, the plant ash is residues of herbaceous plants and woody plants after combustion, the sand soil is fine soil obtained by screening the sand soil of the radish planting field, and the fine sand soil and the plant ash are mixed according to a ratio of 1:1 to obtain the nutrient soil.
And 7, timely thinning and mastering the principle of 'early-late-fixing', thinning operation is carried out when 2-3 leaves exist in the radish leaves, small seedlings and weak seedlings are pulled out, 2-3 strong seedlings grow in each pond, and thinning is carried out when 5-6 leaves exist in each pond, only one seedling is left in each pond, the small weak seedlings and larger seedlings are pulled out according to the growth condition of the whole field during thinning, so that the plants grow neatly and consistently, and row-to-row fine soil is adopted for seedling culture during thinning, so that the seedlings are not easy to bend.
And (7) intertillage weeding and pest control in the step 7, wherein intertillage is carried out for 2-3 times in the whole production period, wherein the intertillage is carried out firstly, then, the roots are near and then, the roots are far away, the soil in the ditch is cultivated on the soil moisture surface during the last intertillage to prevent falling seedlings, if the soil is hardened due to raining or watering, the intertillage weeding is carried out in time, the pest control process is carried out according to a plant protection policy of 'prevention is the main and comprehensive control', agricultural control, physical control and biological control are preferentially adopted, chemical control is scientifically and reasonably used in a matched manner, and new pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue are scientifically adopted during the pesticide control, the control of diseases and pests are accurate, early and small, and mixed, alternate and alternative pesticide application is realized.
Example analysis: the difference between the example 1 and the example 2 is that the example 1 is thick soil layer, good drainage, rich organic matter and the pH value of the land is 6.4-6.9, while the example 2 is common land;
example 1 differs from example 3 in that the seeds were dressed with selenium fertilizer in example 1, but not in example 3;
example 1 differs from example 4 in that there is an artificial selenium supplement scheme in example 1, but not in example 4.
Five radishes were taken from each group among the radishes grown in examples 1 to 4, respectively, and the weight, selenium content and taste of each radish were examined, respectively, and it was judged which group of the radishes was the best.
The experimental results are as follows: in example 1, the weight, selenium content and taste of radish are superior to those of examples 2, 3 and 4, and thus example 1 is the optimal selenium-rich cultivation.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for selenium enrichment and quality improvement of radishes is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a planting field: the method is suitable for planting on soil which is naturally loose, thick and solid in soil layer, good in drainage, sufficient in illumination, rich in organic matters, not planted with cruciferous plants at the early stage and has the pH value of the soil between 6.4 and 6.9;
step 2, seed selection: the radish seeds are suitable to be selected from varieties which have full grains, no mildew, good quality, cold resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance and fast growth;
step 3, selenium fertilizer seed dressing treatment: firstly, radish seeds are soaked in saline water, air-dried quickly after the seeds swell, and then added into a selenium-containing nutrient solution for seed dressing treatment, so that the radish seeds fully absorb the selenium-containing nutrient solution;
step 4, ridge ploughing and land turning: before sowing, selecting cultivation land blocks according to different varieties to carry out deep ploughing and turning, airing, then smashing and raking soil blocks, applying a base fertilizer as a main component, paying attention to the cooperation of a phosphate fertilizer, adopting a ridging mode, adopting deep and high furrows to facilitate drainage, and carrying out ridge ploughing and turning fertilization on the cultivation land;
step 5, seed influence: the seeding quantity of the radish is different according to different varieties, plumpness of seeds, germination rates, seeding modes and cultivation seasons, and the seed quality is strictly checked before seeding;
step 6, sowing seeds: the radish seed sowing can adopt a dibbling or broadcasting mode;
step 7, field management: dividing into a and thinning out seedlings in time; b. topdressing and watering; c. intertillage and weeding are carried out, and diseases and insect pests are prevented;
step 8, harvesting in due time: during harvesting, the selenium content of the radish is sampled and detected, harvesting is delayed for areas with insufficient selenium content, an injection tube is inserted into soil near the root of the radish, and selenium-containing nutrient solution is injected.
2. The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 4, the base fertilizer is mainly farmyard manure and the fertilizer is used as an auxiliary fertilizer, 4000-plus-5000 kg farmyard manure is generally needed per mu in land preparation, the farmyard manure is preferably decomposed animal manure, the fertilizer is preferably 100-plus-120 kg, and the fertilizer is preferably ternary nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium.
3. The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and 4, in the step 4, the soil ridge is ploughed for a plurality of times, and the ploughing depth is over 20 cm.
4. The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the spring radishes are generally sown in early spring and harvested in 4-5 months, summer radishes are generally sown in 5-6 months and harvested in 7-8 months, autumn radishes are generally sown in 7 months and harvested in 9-10 months, and winter radishes are generally sown in 9 months and harvested in 11 months.
5. The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and (3) drilling holes in the field pieces dibbled in the step (6), generally planting 2 rows in one compartment, wherein the row spacing is 6-8 inches, the plant spacing is 5-7 inches, the drilling depth is half inches, then placing seeds, placing 1-2 seeds in one hole, covering soil after seed placement, covering nutrient soil, leveling the opening with a film, uniformly spraying a small amount of water on the nutrient soil on the surface of the hole by using a sprayer after the whole field is sowed, and preferably covering and moistening the soil.
6. The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the nutrient soil is a mixture of plant ash and fine sand soil, the plant ash is residues of herbaceous plants and woody plants after combustion, the sand soil is fine soil obtained by screening the sand soil of the radish planting field, and the fine sand soil and the plant ash are mixed according to a ratio of 1:1 to obtain the nutrient soil.
7. The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 7, the principle of 'early-late-setting' is mastered in time of thinning, thinning operation is carried out when 2-3 leaves exist in radish leaves, small seedlings and weak seedlings are pulled out, 2-3 strong seedlings grow in each pond, thinning is carried out when 5-6 leaves exist in each pond, only one seedling is left in each pond, the small weak seedlings and larger seedlings are pulled out according to the growth condition of the whole field during thinning, the plants grow neatly and consistently, and row-to-row fine soil is adopted for seedling culture during thinning, so that the seedlings are not easy to bend.
8. The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 7, after water is applied for top dressing, in addition to base fertilizer application, seedlings need to be seen for top dressing, the top dressing time is carried out according to soil fertility and growth conditions, the top dressing can be carried out in a manual selenium supplementing mode, selenium is supplemented to the leaf surfaces and the rhizosphere of the radish, selenium fertilizer is prepared into selenium solution with the concentration of 55mg/kg-110mg/kg on the leaf surfaces, selenium is sprayed once respectively in the leaf growth period and the fruit growth period, the afternoon time in sunny days is selected for selenium spraying, the selenium fertilizer is uniformly sprayed by adopting a spraying mode at a distance of 35cm away from the leaves, the radish is washed by rainwater within 5 hours after selenium application, 1 time of timely top dressing is required, and the selenium fertilizer is not mixed with alkaline pesticide and fertilizer; stopping applying selenium 20 days before harvesting, supplementing selenium at rhizosphere, applying a selenium soil conditioner in the field according to product specifications before soil plowing, and plowing to fully and uniformly mix soil and selenium fertilizer.
9. The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 7, intertillage weeding is carried out to prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests, intertillage is carried out for 2-3 times in the whole production period, the cultivation is carried out firstly, the cultivation is carried out deeply and then shallowly, the cultivation is carried out firstly, the roots are near and then far, the soil in the ditch is cultivated on the soil moisture surface during the last cultivation to prevent falling seedlings, if the soil is hardened due to raining or watering, the cultivation weeding is carried out in time, the plant protection policy of 'prevention and control is mainly used for comprehensive prevention and control' in the process of preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests, agricultural prevention and control, physical prevention and control and biological prevention are preferentially adopted, chemical prevention and control are scientifically and reasonably used, and new pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue are scientifically adopted during the pesticide prevention and control, the purposes of preventing and treating.
10. The selenium-rich quality-improving cultivation method for radishes according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 8, when most functional leaves become dark, the leaves begin to turn into yellow green and no new leaves grow, the meat roots grow sufficiently, and thick grains appear at the head of the roots, the radish roots are harvested in time, processed into radish strips or radish shreds according to market requirements, and stored for sale after being dried in the sun.
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