CN113174973A - Soft rock slope ecological protection structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Soft rock slope ecological protection structure and construction method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113174973A
CN113174973A CN202110460985.6A CN202110460985A CN113174973A CN 113174973 A CN113174973 A CN 113174973A CN 202110460985 A CN202110460985 A CN 202110460985A CN 113174973 A CN113174973 A CN 113174973A
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drainage
slope
parts
soft rock
water
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CN113174973B (en
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曾铃
邱健
刘杰
查焕奕
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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Changsha University of Science and Technology
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/50—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor contained within a flexible envelope
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B26/14—Polyepoxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
    • E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00284—Materials permeable to liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/23—Dune restoration or creation; Cliff stabilisation

Abstract

The invention discloses a soft rock slope ecological protection structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the prevention structure comprises an ecological protection layer and a drainage system; the ecological protection layer comprises a water permeable drainage layer, a soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer and a vegetation foundation soil layer, the water permeable drainage layer is attached to the slope surface of the soft rock slope body, and the upper surface of the water permeable drainage layer is sequentially provided with the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer and the vegetation foundation soil layer; the drainage system comprises an in-slope drainage pipe embedded in the soft rock side slope body and a slope drainage structure arranged on the upper surface of the vegetation foundation soil layer. All protective layers work together, have multiple seepage-proofing and drainage functions, stabilize the soft rock slope together, and have low construction cost; meanwhile, the greening effect of the side slope is improved, and the stability inside the soft rock side slope is enhanced.

Description

Soft rock slope ecological protection structure and construction method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slope engineering protection, and relates to a soft rock slope ecological protection structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the construction of highway engineering is accelerated, landslide and collapse caused by instability of highway slopes frequently occur, and the surface stability of the soft rock slopes is directly influenced by the infiltration degree of rainwater on the soft rock slopes and the internal drainage effect of the soft rock slopes. Meanwhile, the soft rock slope has poor mechanical property, and has remarkable disintegration, expansion and cracking phenomena after the action of damp and heat.
The instability of the soft rock side slope is a cyclic gradual process, the disturbance of engineering excavation on the soft rock side slope damages the original vegetation coverage of the soft rock side slope, a large amount of exposed rock side slope is caused, and the attractiveness is influenced; meanwhile, the excavated bare soft rock side slope is more susceptible to seepage damage of rainwater, and the soft rock side slope is damaged from the outside to the inside through repeated rainfall and photothermal action.
The existing soft rock slope protection is realized by means of greenery plant protection such as turf or climbing plants and the like and by means of reinforced concrete protection. However, due to poor water retention of the soft rock slope rock mass and high softening degree after humidification, the existing soft rock slope protection methods are found to have certain application range and limitation in the process of implementing the invention, and have a plurality of defects in the practical application process, specifically as follows:
the design of greenery plants such as turf or climbing plants is a traditional plant protection measure with simple construction, and the greenery plants or the climbing plants are planted after a planting matrix is sprayed on the soft rock side slope, and the anchoring reinforcement effect of the root system of the vegetation on the soft rock side slope and the vegetation transpiration effect are utilized to reduce the pore water pressure of the soft rock side slope so as to enhance the strength of the soft rock side slope and achieve the shallow layer stability of the soft rock side slope. However, the sprayed planting matrix is not tightly connected with the side slope, so that the soft rock side slope can not resist the action of a large amount of rain water scouring and strong wind, and the infiltration of a large amount of rain water to the soft rock side slope can not be prevented.
The reinforced concrete protection protects soft rock side slope through cast-in-place reinforced concrete or assembled reinforced concrete, and the patent number is: CN107119698A, patent name: the prefabricated reinforced concrete slope protection component assembly and the construction method thereof are characterized in that the technology is simple, the wet environment operation is reduced, the influence on the field environment is small, meanwhile, the prefabricated reinforced concrete slope protection component assembly can be assembled from multiple directions, and the efficiency is improved. The protection mode has a good effect on preventing rainwater from infiltrating into the soft rock side slope, but the construction cost is high, the environment is not suitable for normal growth of plants, and although the protection effect of the side slope is good, the brick and tile pulp stone replaces green water of the green mountain, and the harmony idea of natural ecology is not met. Meanwhile, the existing soft rock slope protection technology does not consider the stability inside the soft rock slope, has less concern on the infiltration of rainwater to the soft rock slope body and the drainage problem inside the soft rock slope body, and can not simultaneously solve the problems of the degradation and the internal softening of the native surface of the soft rock slope.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an ecological protection structure for a soft rock side slope, all protection layers work together, have multiple seepage-proofing and drainage functions, stabilize the soft rock side slope together, and have low construction cost; meanwhile, the slope greening effect is improved, the stability inside the soft rock slope is enhanced, and the problems in the prior art are solved.
The invention also aims to provide a construction method of the soft rock slope ecological protection structure.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the soft rock slope ecological prevention and control structure comprises an ecological protection layer and a drainage system;
the ecological protection layer comprises a water permeable drainage layer, a soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer and a vegetation foundation soil layer, the water permeable drainage layer is attached to the slope surface of the soft rock slope body, and the upper surface of the water permeable drainage layer is sequentially provided with the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer and the vegetation foundation soil layer;
the drainage system comprises an in-slope drainage pipe embedded in the soft rock side slope body and a slope drainage structure arranged on the upper surface of the vegetation foundation soil layer.
Further, the permeable drainage layer comprises a permeable layer with a void structure and a water-stop film, and the water-stop film is arranged at the bottom of the permeable layer; the permeable layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of pyrite particles, 10-30 parts of sand and gravel fine aggregates and 10-20 parts of phenolic resin adhesive; the phenolic resin adhesive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of epoxy resin and 20-30 parts of amine curing agent.
Further, the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-6 parts of water, 75-85.2 parts of mudstone aggregate, 12-18 parts of cement and 0.8-1 part of naphthalene water reducer FDN-C, wherein the particle size of the mudstone aggregate is 10-20mm or 20-25 mm.
Further, the soft rock side slope body is close to the position interval of the drainage blanket that permeates water and is equipped with a plurality of first solid of inlaying, and the soft rock base member ecological concrete layer is close to the position interval of the drainage blanket that permeates water and is equipped with a plurality of seconds and inlays the solid, and first solid, the second of inlaying inlay the position one-to-one of solid, and be located a straight line, and first solid, the second of inlaying inlays solid and the drainage blanket integrated into one piece that permeates water.
Furthermore, the slope inner drainage pipe comprises a prestressed tensioning structure, a drainage section and an embedding section;
the drainage section comprises a pipeline, a cavity is arranged in the pipeline, two pairs of parallel grooves are axially formed in the inner wall of the pipeline, the two grooves are symmetrically arranged up and down and left and right, sliding rods are slidably mounted in the left and right grooves, connecting rods are fixedly connected to the opposite sides of the sliding rods respectively, the connecting rods are perpendicular to the sliding rods, a spherical pig is connected between the two connecting rods, an operating handle is arranged at the water outlet end of the pipeline, and the operating handle is fixedly connected with the sliding rods;
the prestressed tensioning structure comprises twisted steel bars, the twisted steel bars are arranged in the upper and lower grooves, and prestress is applied to one ends of the twisted steel bars, which extend out of the slope surface, through an anchorage device;
the embedding section comprises a permeable stone, the periphery of the permeable stone is in a sawtooth shape, the permeable stone is embedded and fixed in the soft rock slope body, and the permeable stone is fixedly connected with one end of the twisted steel bar, which extends into the slope.
Furthermore, the slope surface drainage structure comprises a catch basin, a drainage ditch, longitudinal drainage grooves and transverse drainage grooves, wherein the transverse drainage grooves are inclined downwards by 2-3 degrees, the longitudinal drainage grooves are communicated with the transverse drainage grooves, the distance between every two adjacent transverse drainage grooves and the distance between every two adjacent longitudinal drainage grooves are 1-2m, and second galvanized wire nets are arranged at water inlets and water outlets of the transverse drainage grooves and the longitudinal drainage grooves; the longitudinal drainage groove and the transverse drainage groove are communicated with the intercepting drain and the drainage drain; the inside hump weir that sets up a plurality of not equidimensions, shape and height of vertical drainage recess, connect through the straightway between two adjacent hump weirs, every hump weir has a plurality of circular arc sections, and the central angle of every circular arc section is different.
Furthermore, the thickness of the permeable drainage layer is 3-5cm, the thickness of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer is 10-15cm, and the porosity is 20% -30%.
Furthermore, a layer of bamboo frame lattices is arranged between the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer and the vegetation base soil layer, and plant bags are placed in the bamboo frame lattices; the plant-growing base soil layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 80-88 parts of soil, 5-8 parts of organic matters, 5-8 parts of soil ecological adhesive and 2-4 parts of organic fibers; the thickness of the vegetation foundation soil layer is 5-8 cm; the plant bag comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-88 parts of soil, 5-8 parts of organic matters, 5-8 parts of stabilizing agents, 2-4 parts of fertilizers and a plurality of plant seeds; the stabilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1-5 parts of coconut fiber silk, 1-5 parts of water-retaining agent, 55-70 parts of warm water at 40-50 ℃, 1-3 parts of emulsifier and 25-37 parts of palm oil.
A construction method of a soft rock slope ecological prevention and control structure is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
s1, clearing the slope surface and excavating the side slope;
s2, arranging a water intercepting ditch at the top of the slope and a drainage ditch at the bottom of the slope outside the soft rock slope excavation line;
s3, spraying a water-insulating liquid, filling cracks and depressions on the surface of the soft rock slope body, drilling holes at intervals on the vertical slope surface in the transverse and longitudinal directions of the surface of the soft rock slope, mounting a mold at a position corresponding to the drilled holes, spraying the water-insulating liquid into the mold, pouring a water-permeable layer, integrally forming a water-permeable drainage layer, a first embedded solid and a second embedded solid after curing, and uniformly covering the whole surface of the soft rock slope by the water-permeable drainage layer;
s4, after the water permeable and drainage layer is solidified, spraying a soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer on the upper surface of the water permeable and drainage layer;
s5, tightly paving the prepared bamboo frame lattices on the upper surface of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer, uniformly spraying a vegetation base soil layer on the upper surface of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer, and embedding the prepared vegetation bags in the bamboo frame lattices after the spraying is finished;
s6, burying an inner slope drain pipe: drilling a hole on the surface of the soft rock slope body, wherein the angle between the axis of the hole and the horizontal line on the ground is 2-3 degrees, and the inner diameter of the hole is 0.5-1 cm smaller than the outer diameter of the inner drainage pipe of the slope; when the drilling depth reaches the design requirement, the drilling radius is increased to at least 2.5 times of the outer diameter of the drainage pipe in the slope, an embedding region is obtained, and the hole wall of the embedding region is in a sawtooth shape; the pipeline is arranged in the drilling hole, the twisted steel bar stretches into the embedding area along the upper and lower grooves, and the grouting pipe is inserted into the embedding area and is to be embedded according to the following parts by mass: grouting mixed slurry prepared from 80-85 parts of volcanic rock grains, 10-14 parts of cement and 5-6 parts of concrete reinforcing agent in an embedding region, forming permeable stone by the cured mixed slurry, and stably consolidating the deformed steel bars in the permeable stone; installing a sliding rod into the left and right grooves on the two sides of the drain pipe, and placing the spherical pig in the pipeline; when the twisted steel bar is in a natural relaxation state, applying prestress on one end of the twisted steel bar extending out of the slope surface through an anchorage device;
s7, building a drainage groove: and constructing a transverse drainage groove and a longitudinal drainage groove which are communicated with each other on the upper surface of the compacted vegetation foundation soil layer, wherein the longitudinal drainage groove and the transverse drainage groove are communicated with the intercepting ditch and the drainage ditch.
A construction method of a soft rock slope ecological prevention and control structure, a preparation method of a soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer, is carried out according to the following steps:
s41, screening: manually mashing the obtained mudstone, screening mudstone aggregate with the particle size of 10-20mm or 20-25mm, removing needles and flaky aggregates, and washing and drying;
s42, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of water, 75-85.2 parts of mudstone aggregate, 12-18 parts of cement and 0.8-1 part of naphthalene water reducer FDN-C;
s43, adding the weighed water into the weighed mudstone aggregate, and stirring for 120-140S to make the mudstone aggregate reach a saturated surface dry state;
s44, stirring 50% of the cement weighed in the step S42 and the mudstone aggregate in a saturated face dry state for 60-80S to obtain a mixture;
s45, adding 50% of the water weighed in the step S42 into the mixture, and stirring for 120-140S;
s46, adding the remaining cement and water into the mixture, and stirring for 120-140S;
and S47, adding the water reducing agent into the mixture for two minutes before stirring, and continuously stirring to obtain mixed particle slurry.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the horizontal permeability coefficient of the permeable drainage layer is far greater than the vertical permeability coefficient, so that the water infiltration of the soft rock side slope is effectively prevented, and the drainage rate inside the soft rock side slope is accelerated; the permeable drainage layer has fluidity and cohesiveness at the initial spraying stage, can fill cracks, and forms a high-strength closed layer after being cured, and the closed layer is tightly connected with the soft rock slope to prevent the soft rock slope from further softening and disintegrating, so that the denudation and weathering of the soft rock slope are protected. The solid embedding between the water permeable drainage layer and the soft rock side slope body and between the water permeable drainage layer and the soft rock substrate ecological concrete layer strengthens the overall stability of the ecological protection structure and the soft rock side slope.
2. The invention has the anchoring-drainage integrated anti-blocking drain pipe, solves the problem of the blockage of the drain pipe of the soft rock slope and further reinforces the soft rock slope.
3. A hump weir is designed in a drainage channel of the soft rock slope surface, so that the drainage capacity is improved, the flow velocity of water flow is effectively slowed down, and the scouring erosion of rainwater on the surface of the soft rock slope surface is weakened.
4. The bamboo frame grids and the organic fibers can be degraded, so that the structure is reinforced, the growth of vegetation is facilitated, and the degradation products can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of vegetation; the novel ecological protection structure formed by the combined action of the structures can effectively weaken the erosion of rainwater on the surface of the soft rock side slope, prevent rainwater from entering the soft rock side slope, accelerate the drainage inside the soft rock side slope, beautify the environment and enhance the stability of the soft rock side slope.
5. The vegetation blade has the effects of blocking and buffering rainwater, and the vegetation rhizome has the effects of anchoring and draining; the mudstone aggregate ecological concrete with the large porosity and the good water permeability has high strength, and vegetation further grows in the mudstone aggregate ecological concrete, so that the whole slope is reinforced, and the effects of improving the landscape and perfecting the functions of an ecological system are achieved.
6. The mudstone aggregate ecological concrete with the large porosity and the good water permeability has larger strength, and vegetation further grows in the mudstone aggregate ecological concrete, so that the ecological concrete obtained by secondarily utilizing the waste mudstone after engineering excavation is obtained, the whole soft rock slope is reinforced, and the effects of improving the landscape and perfecting the functions of an ecological system are achieved.
7. The slope inner drain pipe and the water permeable drainage layer are helpful for supplying water to the slope vegetation. The water drainage pipe mouth of pipe stretches out domaticly in the slope, and the moisture in the soft rock side slope of working as soft rock side slope passes through the water drainage pipe discharge, and moisture is domatic by the water drainage pipe mouth flow direction, provides moisture for domatic vegetation. Similarly, the drainage blanket that permeates water has horizontal permeability coefficient and is far away than the characteristics of perpendicular permeability coefficient, and when rainfall was great, the drainage blanket that permeates water moisture can not infiltrate to the soft rock side slope inside along the vertical direction, but flows to domaticly along the horizontal direction flow direction, provides moisture for domatic vegetation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of an ecological protection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a first-level slope of the ecological protection structure in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the solid-embedded part in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a bamboo frame lattice in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a plant bag arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the drainage pipe in the slope according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an interior slope drainage pipe according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a slope drainage groove according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a hump weir in a longitudinal drainage groove in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart of preparation of soft rock matrix ecological concrete raw materials in the embodiment of the invention.
In the drawing, 1, a soft rock slope body, 2, a water permeable and drainage layer, 21, a first embedded solid, 22, a second embedded solid, 3, a soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer, 4, a vegetation foundation soil layer, 41, a bamboo frame grid, 42, a plant belt, 5, a slope inner drainage pipe, 51, a pipeline, 52, a cavity, 53, a first galvanized wire mesh, 54, a groove, 541, a small groove, 542, a ball, 55, a sliding rod, 56, a twisted steel bar, 57, a pipe cleaning ball, 58, a water permeable stone, 59, a connecting rod, 6, a slope drainage structure, 61, a water interception ditch, 62, a drainage ditch, 63, a longitudinal drainage groove, 630, a hump weir, 631, a straight line segment, 632, an arc segment (A), 633, an arc segment (B), 634, an arc segment (C), 635, an arc segment (D), 64, a transverse drainage groove, 65, a second galvanized wire mesh, 7, a weathered soft rock layer and 8, a highway.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The soft rock slope ecological prevention and control structure of the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1-2, and comprises an ecological protection layer and a drainage system.
The ecological protection layer comprises a water permeable drainage layer 2, a soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 and a vegetation foundation soil layer 4, wherein the water permeable drainage layer 2 is attached to the slope surface of the soft rock slope body 1, and the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 and the vegetation foundation soil layer 4 are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the water permeable drainage layer 2; the thickness of the water permeable and drainage layer 2 is 3-5cm, and the thickness of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 is 10-15 cm.
The drainage system comprises an in-slope drainage pipe 5 embedded in the soft rock slope body 1 and a slope drainage structure 6 arranged on the upper surface of the vegetation foundation layer 4, wherein the slope drainage structure 6 comprises a cut-off ditch 61, a drainage ditch 62, a longitudinal drainage groove 63 and a transverse drainage groove 64; the transverse drainage groove 64 is inclined downwards by 2-3 degrees, which is beneficial to draining slope water flow to the drainage ditch 62 at the slope bottom. The drainage system effectively prevents rainwater from infiltrating into the soft rock side slope and accelerates the drainage efficiency of the surface and the interior of the soft rock side slope.
As shown in fig. 2-3, a plurality of first embedded solids 21 are arranged at intervals at the position of the soft rock slope body 1 close to the water permeable drainage layer 2, a plurality of second embedded solids 22 are arranged at intervals at the position of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 close to the water permeable drainage layer 2, and the positions of the first embedded solids 21 and the second embedded solids 22 are in one-to-one correspondence and are positioned on a straight line; the first embedded solid body 21 and the second embedded solid body 22 are integrally formed with the water and water permeable and drainage layer 2 to form a structure similar to an anchor bolt.
The water permeable and drainage layer 2 comprises a water permeable layer with a gap structure and a water-stop film, the water-stop film is arranged at the bottom of the water permeable layer, and the horizontal permeability coefficient of the water permeable and drainage layer 2 is far larger than the vertical permeability coefficient.
Water-proof film: and (2) mixing organosilicon and water according to a mass-volume ratio of 20 g: 100mL of the mixture was mixed to obtain a water-barrier solution, which was sprayed to form a water-barrier film.
The permeable layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of pyrite particles, 10-30 parts of sand and gravel fine aggregate and 10-20 parts of phenolic resin adhesive. The phenolic resin adhesive consists of epoxy resin and a curing agent (amine). The phenolic resin adhesive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of epoxy resin and 20-30 parts of curing agent (amine); the bonding strength is high, the cohesiveness among the pyrite particles can be enhanced, and meanwhile, the water resistance is high, so that the corrosion of rainwater to the pyrite particles is resisted; phenolic resin adhesives are used that cannot be replaced with methylcellulose and warm water. The sandstone fine aggregate is used for enhancing the strength of the water-permeable and water-draining layer 2, and the dosage of the sandstone fine aggregate is not too much so as to avoid blocking the pores among the pyrite particles and further influencing the water draining effect.
The peripheries of the pyrite particles are coated by the gravel fine aggregate and the phenolic resin adhesive, so that the pyrite particles are spaced from each other to form a structure with a larger pore space, the water permeability coefficient is 12mm/s, the pyrite particles are uniform and are not easy to harden, the water permeability is good, the forming degree is high, the specific surface area is high, the strength is high, the vertical permeability coefficient of the water permeable and drainage layer 2 is 0, the horizontal permeability coefficient is very large, the horizontal permeability coefficient is far larger than the vertical permeability coefficient, and the upper water is effectively prevented from infiltrating the soft rock slope body 1.
The water permeable and drainage layer 2 is matched with the waterproof film in the first action of the application, so that water is effectively drained out of the soft rock side slope; secondly, the coating serves as a protective layer structure to effectively reinforce the side slope, and the fluidity and the bonding property at the initial spraying stage fill up the surface cracks of the soft rock side slope, so that the protection quality of the side slope is improved; and thirdly, the water-proof film can fill the surface cracks of the soft rock slope body 1, the water-proof film is 6-8mm and is very thin, and the water-permeable wet mixture at the initial pouring stage of the water-permeable layer has fluidity and cohesiveness and can fill the remaining surface cracks again.
The soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-6 parts of water, 75-85.2 parts of mudstone aggregate, 12-18 parts of cement and 0.8-1 part of naphthalene water reducer FDN-C. The particle size of the mudstone aggregate is 10-20mm or 20-25mm, the mudstone aggregate is subjected to needle removal and flaky aggregate removal treatment, and then the mudstone aggregate is washed and dried. The soft rock matrix ecological concrete prepared according to the proportion and the requirements has higher porosity, is suitable for the growth of vegetation, has higher strength and meets the strength requirement of the ecological concrete. A lot of waste soft rocks are formed by engineering excavation, the waste soft rocks can be used for manufacturing ecological concrete, and the strength of the formed concrete meets the requirement, so that the soft rocks are recycled.
As shown in fig. 4-5, a layer of bamboo frame lattice 41 is arranged between the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 and the vegetation base soil layer 4, and a plant bag 42 is placed in the bamboo frame lattice 41. Preparing the bamboo frame lattice 41: making moso bamboo with age not less than three years into bamboo strips with length of 200-300 cm, width of 8-12 mm and thickness of 5-8 mm, air drying, and weaving the dried bamboo strips into bamboo frame lattices, each of which has size of 5cm × 5 cm.
And (4) planting a foundation soil layer: firstly, paving a layer of bamboo frame grids 41 on the upper surface of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 through anchoring bolts, then mixing soil, organic matters, a soil ecological adhesive and organic fibers to obtain vegetation base soil, paving the vegetation base soil on the upper surface of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3, and compacting the vegetation base soil, wherein the compacted thickness is 5-8 cm.
In some embodiments, the raw material of the vegetation base soil layer 4 is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 80 parts of soil, 8 parts of organic matters, 5 parts of soil ecological adhesive and 4 parts of organic fibers (coconut fibers). In some embodiments, the soil is 88 parts, the organic matter is 5 parts, the soil ecological binder is 8 parts, and the organic fiber (coconut shell fiber) is 2 parts. The vegetation foundation soil layer 4 is more compact due to the soil ecological adhesive and the organic fiber, the scouring resistance is stronger, the organic fiber and the bamboo frame lattices 41 are slowly degraded along with time in the laid vegetation foundation soil layer 4 except for the nutrition of the organic fiber and the bamboo frame lattices, the degradation products can provide nutrients for the growth of vegetation, the vegetation is economical and environment-friendly, and the stability is not greatly influenced; on the other hand, the bamboo frame lattice is thin, and the degradation of the bamboo frame lattice has little influence on the stability. Meanwhile, the structure of the bamboo frame grids 41 provides a better path for the growth and development of the vegetation root systems, so that the vegetation root systems are more uniformly distributed on the soft rock slope, the reinforcing effect on the soft rock slope body 1 is more uniform, and the anchoring effect is more reasonably distributed.
In some embodiments, the plant bag 42 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of soil, 8 parts of organic matters, 8 parts of a stabilizer, 2 parts of a fertilizer and a plurality of plant seeds; the stabilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 5 parts of coconut fiber silk, 1 part of water-retaining agent, 55 parts of warm water at 40-50 ℃, 1 part of emulsifier and 25 parts of palm oil. In some embodiments, the plant bag 42 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 88 parts of soil, 5 parts of organic matters, 5 parts of a stabilizer, 4 parts of a fertilizer and a plurality of plant seeds; the stabilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1 part of coconut fiber silk, 5 parts of water retention agent, 70 parts of warm water at 40-50 ℃, 3 parts of emulsifier and 37 parts of palm oil. Pre-culturing young plants in the plant bag 42, wherein the young plants can be arbors or herbals, and can also be selected from proper local plants according to local climatic conditions; the cultivated plant bags 42 are evenly embedded on the upper surface of the vegetation basal soil layer 4. The vegetation is planted on the soft rock side slope, so that the air can be purified, the noise can be weakened, and the environment can be beautified; in addition, the plant leaves have the function of blocking rainwater, so that the runoff of the rainwater on the soft rock side slope is weakened, and the impact energy of the rainwater on the soft rock side slope and the scouring impact damage to the soft rock side slope can be weakened; meanwhile, the roots and stems of the plants have the functions of reinforcing and anchoring the soft rock slope, so that the strength and the stability of the soft rock slope are enhanced.
As shown in fig. 6 to 7, the interior slope drainage pipe 5 includes a prestressed tension structure, a drainage section and an embedded section;
the drainage section comprises a pipeline 51, a cavity 52 is arranged in the pipeline 51, two pairs of parallel grooves 54 are axially arranged on the inner wall of the pipeline 51, the two pairs of parallel grooves 54 are arranged in a vertical and bilateral symmetry mode, small grooves 541 are formed in the bottoms of the left and right grooves 54, a plurality of balls 542 are arranged in the small grooves 541, the balls 542 are 0.5cm in diameter and made of stainless steel, the tops of the balls 542 leak out of the small grooves 541, slide rods 55 are arranged in the left and right grooves 54, and the bottoms of the slide rods 55 are in contact with the tops of the balls 542; the opposite sides of the sliding rods 55 are respectively fixedly connected with connecting rods 59, the connecting rods 59 are perpendicular to the sliding rods 55, and a spherical pig 57 is connected between the two connecting rods 59. An operating handle is arranged at the water outlet end of the pipeline 51 and is fixedly connected with the sliding rod 55; the first galvanized wire mesh 53 is fixedly arranged at the water outlet section of the pipeline 51, so that the drainage pipe opening can be prevented from being blocked by soil outside the slope.
The pipeline 51 is made of steel, the thickness of the pipeline 51 is 5cm, the radius of the cavity 52 of the pipeline 51 is 5cm, and the length of the cavity is 5-6 m; the vertical depth of the groove 54 in the radial direction of the pipeline 51 is 2.5cm, and the length of the connecting rod 59 is 0.5 cm; the spherical pig 57 has higher strength and good water permeability, the radius is 2cm, and the spherical pig can not only clear away the blockage in the cavity 52 of the drainage pipe 5 in the slope, but also has no influence on the drainage of the drainage pipe.
The prestressed tensioning structure comprises a twisted steel bar 56, wherein the twisted steel bar 56 is arranged in upper and lower grooves 54, the twisted steel bar 56 extends out of the slope surface by 4-6cm, and prestress is applied to one end, extending out of the slope surface, of the twisted steel bar 56 through an anchorage device (a steel wire thread sleeve); specifically, the anchor is installed into the installation tool and aligned with the rebar 56, the installation tool handle is rotated to screw the anchor in, and the installed anchor is tightly adhered to the slope surface.
The embedding section comprises a permeable stone 58, the permeable stone 58 is embedded in the soft rock side slope body 1, and the periphery of the permeable stone 58 is in a sawtooth shape so as to increase the friction force between the drainage pipe 5 in the slope and the soft rock side slope; the permeable stone 58 is fixedly connected with one end of the twisted steel 56 extending into the slope surface. The minimum radius of the permeable stone 58 is 2.5 times of the outer diameter of the inner slope drain pipe 5, and the radius of the permeable stone 58 is 16-24 cm.
The permeable stone 58 or the spherical pig 57 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-85 parts of volcanic rock particles, 10-14 parts of cement and 5-6 parts of concrete reinforcing agent; the volcanic rock particles are used as raw materials, mixed with cement, and then added with a concrete reinforcing agent to prepare mixed slurry.
The permeable stone 58 formed after the mixed slurry is cured not only can enable the drainage pipe 5 in the slope to be more stably arranged in the slope, but also increases the drainage contact area, accelerates the drainage rate in the soft rock slope body 1, and anchors the soft rock slope body 1 by cooperating with the combined action of the tensioning area. The permeable stone 58 increases the contact area of the pipeline and the soft rock slope, has good water permeability and improves the drainage rate of the soft rock slope body 1. The slope inner drain pipe 5 has the functions of draining and cleaning, when a blockage exists in the slope inner drain pipe 5, the first galvanized wire mesh 53 at the pipe opening is removed, the sliding rod 55 is operated through the operating handle outside the slope, the cleaning ball 57 moves outwards the slope, and therefore the blockage inside the slope inner drain pipe 5 is discharged out of the slope.
As shown in fig. 8, the slope drainage structure 6 is constructed by common concrete, and includes a slope top intercepting drain 61, a slope bottom drainage drain 62, a longitudinal drainage groove 63, a transverse drainage groove 64, a longitudinal drainage groove 63 and a transverse drainage groove 64 which are communicated with each other, wherein the distance between two adjacent transverse drainage grooves 64 and two adjacent longitudinal drainage grooves 63 is 1-2m, and second galvanized wire nets 65 are respectively arranged at the water inlets and the water outlets of the transverse drainage groove 64 and the longitudinal drainage groove 63, so as to prevent the water inlets and the water outlets of the transverse drainage groove 64 and the longitudinal drainage groove 63 from being blocked. The longitudinal drainage grooves 63 and the transverse drainage grooves 64 are communicated with the intercepting drain 61 and the drainage drain 62.
As shown in fig. 9, a plurality of hump weirs 630 with different sizes, shapes and heights are arranged inside the longitudinal drainage groove 63, and two adjacent hump weirs 630 are connected by a straight line 631. In addition, each hump weir 630 is provided with 4 arc segments, namely an arc segment (a) 632, an arc segment (B) 633, an arc segment (C) 634 and an arc segment (D) 635, and the central angles of the arc segments are different as much as possible, because the hump weir 630 just reduces the flow velocity of water flow by means of increasing the path distance through the difference of the cross section of each arc; in some embodiments, the central angles of arc segment (a) 632, arc segment 633 (B), arc segment (C) 634, and arc segment (D) 635 are 50 °, 30 °, 40 °, and 45 °, respectively.
The interval of two adjacent hump weirs 630 is 1m, if not setting up the interval, all be the arch in the vertical drainage groove like this, drainage groove inner space undersize, if the rainfall is too big, the rainwater just can not be through drainage groove drainage, and goes up direct overflow soft rock side slope domatic, destroys soft rock side slope, and is simultaneously pleasing to the eye, also increases the construction degree of difficulty and cost. If the distance between every two adjacent drainage grooves is 1m, the appearance is attractive, and enough space is reserved in the drainage grooves for drainage.
In rainy days, the surface of the soft rock side slope body 1 can not only be eroded by slope surface water flow to fall off, but also rainwater can infiltrate into the side slope; the utility model provides a drainage system in the slope, domatic drainage of carrying on simultaneously has weakened domatic rivers velocity of flow, and the interior drain pipe 5 discharge soft rock side slope body of the slope of rainwater accessible specific structure in the slope. In actual engineering, domatic rivers flow along domatic from the top down when, the velocity of flow can accelerate, for reducing domatic rainwater and to the domatic erosion and corrosion of soft rock side slope body 1, set up a plurality of not equidimensions in vertical drainage recess 63 is inside, the shape, the hump weir 630 of height, increase water flow path distance, arouse the big suddenly of the broken suddenly size of rivers, increase rivers energy consumption, reduce the velocity of water at last, weaken rivers and to the erosion and corrosion of soft rock side slope body 1, improve the earial drainage ability simultaneously. The height of the largest hump weir 630 should not be greater than two-thirds of the depth of the longitudinal drainage groove 63, otherwise the water would flush out of the longitudinal drainage groove 63 when the water flow is too rapid.
The drainage recess of conventional design more considers letting the discharge that rivers are faster, and the inside hump weir 630 that sets up of vertical drainage recess 63 of this application is in order to slow down the velocity of flow of rivers to avoid the velocity of flow to wash away fast and erode domaticly, and unnecessary water passes through soft rock base member ecological concrete layer 3, the drainage blanket 2 that permeates water discharges, has both protected domatic structure and has guaranteed drainage efficiency, conceives differently with conventional design.
The embodiment of the invention provides a construction method of a soft rock slope ecological protection structure, which is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
s1, slope cleaning: firstly, putting slope top and slope bottom lines, determining the construction positions of a water intercepting ditch and a water drainage ditch, cleaning trees and weeds in an excavation line and surface soil blocks with the particle size larger than 1cm, and mechanically transferring the trees and the weeds to a specified soil unloading area; excavating a side slope: and excavating a rough slope according to a slope excavation line by adopting an excavator, controlling the excavation slope, manually finishing the formed first-stage slope, timely protecting the slope after finishing, and then excavating the next-stage slope.
S2, constructing a soft rock slope drainage system: arranging a water intercepting ditch 61 at the top of the slope and a drainage ditch 62 at the bottom of the slope outside a soft rock slope excavation line 5m, wherein the water intercepting ditch 61 and the drainage ditch 62 extend along the trend of the soft rock slope body 1; the upper edge of the intercepting ditch 61 is 2-5cm lower than the upper edge end of the soft rock side slope body 1, so that the running water on the side slope can better converge into the intercepting ditch 61. The upper edge of the drainage ditch 62 is aligned with the bottommost end of the soft rock slope body 1 in a contact manner, so that accumulated water on the soft rock slope body 1 can conveniently flow into the drainage ditch 62.
S3, if cracks, depressions or seepage phenomena occur on the surface of the soft rock side slope body 1, spraying a water-insulating liquid to fill the cracks on the surface of the soft rock side slope, and drilling vertical slope surfaces at intervals of 1m in the transverse and longitudinal directions of the surface of the soft rock side slope by 10-18 cm; and installing a mould at a position corresponding to the drilled hole, spraying water-insulating liquid into the mould, pouring the permeable wet mixture of the permeable layer, and integrally forming the permeable drainage layer 2, the first embedded body 21 and the second embedded body 22 after curing. The pouring thickness of the permeable wet mixture is 3-5cm, and the dead weight and the strength of the novel ecological protection structure of the soft rock slope are both considered; and spraying the permeable wet mixture by using a wet type spraying machine, and supplying air by using a movable air supply machine, so that the permeable wet mixture is filled in all the drill holes and the molds, and the surface of the whole soft rock slope body 1 is uniformly covered.
S4, after the water-permeable drainage layer 2 is solidified, spraying a mudstone aggregate ecological concrete material to the upper surface of the water-permeable drainage layer 2 by using a wet sprayer to form a soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3, supplying air by using a movable air supply machine, enabling the mixed particle slurry to uniformly cover the upper surface of the whole water-permeable drainage layer 2, and spraying the mixed particle slurry on the water-permeable drainage layer 2 twice, wherein the total spraying thickness is 10-15cm, the strength of a protective structure and the plant root growth environment are considered, and a better spraying protective effect is obtained;
in order to obtain better spraying protection effect, the coating is sprayed on the water permeable and drainage layer 2 twice, and the spraying thickness is 6cm each time. The soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 after spraying has large porosity and good water permeability and is suitable for plant root system development, and the strength and durability of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 are matched with the water absorption and anchoring effects of vegetation roots, so that the effect of reinforcing a soft rock slope is further improved. The method has obvious advantages for common plant-growing foundation soil, seedlings grow in the plant-growing foundation soil layer 4, and after mature root systems enter the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3, the whole soft rock side slope body 1 is reinforced, so that the method has the effects of improving landscape and perfecting the functions of an ecological system.
S5, laying the bamboo frame grids 41: the prepared bamboo frame lattices 41 are tightly paved on the upper surface of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3; uniformly spraying vegetation base soil to the upper surface of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 by adopting a wet type spraying machine, and uniformly embedding prepared vegetation bags in the vegetation base soil layer 4 after spraying is finished, wherein the transverse and longitudinal intervals are 1 m;
s6, burying the slope inner drain pipe 5: and drilling the surface of the soft rock slope body 1 to be protected, wherein the drilling angle is 2-3 degrees to the ground horizontal line, the inner diameter of the drilled hole is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the drainage pipe, and the difference is 0.5-1 cm. When the drilling depth reaches the design requirement, the radius of the drilling hole is increased to the radius of the permeable stone 58 to obtain an embedding area, the hole wall of the embedding area is in a sawtooth shape, the radius of the formed drilling hole is gradually reduced as much as possible, and the phenomenon that the permeable stone formed in the later stage is too smooth and unobvious in anchoring effect is avoided.
The conduit 51 is a prefabricated steel pipe and the groove 54 is formed when prefabricated; placing the pipeline 51 in the drilled hole, extending the twisted steel 56 into the embedding region along the upper and lower grooves 54, inserting a grouting pipe into the embedding region, grouting the permeable stone mixed slurry in the embedding region, placing the grouting in place at one time, forming the permeable stone 58 by the cured mixed slurry, and stably fixing the twisted steel 56 in the permeable stone 58; installing a slide rod 55 into the grooves 54 at the left side and the right side of the drain pipe, wherein the bottom of the slide rod 55 is contacted with the top of the ball 542, and the spherical pig 57 is arranged in the pipeline 51; when the twisted steel bars 56 are in a natural relaxation state, the ends of the twisted steel bars 56 extending out of the slope surface are prestressed through an anchorage device, and the slope inner drain pipe 5 with the function of a prestressed anchor rod is obtained; the open end of the pipeline 51 is provided with a first galvanized wire mesh 53, the size of the mesh is 0.1cm multiplied by 0.1cm to 0.2cm multiplied by 0.2cm, and the pipe orifice is prevented from being blocked by the flowing soil. The water discharging speed of the water in the slope through the water discharging pipe 5 is not large, the water flow is not large, the sliding rod 55 is located in the middle of the water discharging pipe, and the influence of the water on the sliding rod 55 is reduced.
S7, building a drainage groove: the upper surface of the compacted vegetation foundation soil layer 4 is constructed with common concrete to construct a transverse drainage groove 64 and a longitudinal drainage groove 63, and a second galvanized wire netting 65 is arranged at the water inlets and the water outlets of the transverse drainage groove 64 and the longitudinal drainage groove 63 to prevent the water inlets and the water outlets of the drainage grooves from being blocked.
Example 1:
in order to obtain the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 with larger porosity and strength, the preparation method of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 is carried out according to the following steps as shown in fig. 10:
s41, screening: manually mashing the obtained mudstone, and screening out the particle size to change the particle size: 10-15mm of mudstone aggregate, in order to avoid mutual filling of undersize mudstone aggregate, needle removal and flaky aggregate removal treatment are carried out on the mudstone aggregate, so that the formed mudstone is prevented from being too dense and unsuitable for plant growth; and then washing and drying the mixture.
S42, taking the following raw materials in parts by mass: 75 parts of mudstone aggregate, 18 parts of cement, 2 parts of water and 1 part of naphthalene water reducer FDN-C;
s43, adding water into the screened mudstone aggregate, wherein the mass of the added water is 2.67% of the mass of the mudstone aggregate, and stirring for 120-140S to enable the mudstone aggregate to reach a saturated surface dry state;
s44, stirring 50% of the cement weighed in the step S42 and the mudstone aggregate in a saturated face dry state (a slurry wrapping method), and stirring for 60-80S to obtain a mixture;
s45, adding 50% of the water weighed in the step S42 into the mixture, and stirring for 120-140S;
s46, adding the remaining ordinary portland cement and water into the mixture, and stirring for 120-140S;
and S47, adding the water reducing agent into the mixture for two minutes before stirring, and continuously stirring to obtain mixed particle slurry, namely the mudstone ecological concrete raw material. The compressive strength of the prepared soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 is 6MPa, and the effective porosity is 30%.
Example 2:
the particle size of the mudstone aggregate is 20-25mm, and the raw materials are weighed according to the following parts by mass: 85.2 parts of mudstone aggregate, 12 parts of cement, 6 parts of water and 0.8 part of naphthalene water reducer FDN-C; the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1. The compressive strength of the prepared soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 is 5.2MPa, and the effective porosity is 28%.
Example 3:
the particle size of the mudstone aggregate is 15-25mm, and the raw materials are weighed according to the following parts by mass: 80 parts of mudstone aggregate, 15 parts of cement, 4 parts of water and 0.9 part of naphthalene water reducer FDN-C; the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1. The compressive strength of the prepared soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 is 5.5MPa, and the effective porosity is 20%.
Example 4:
the particle size of the mudstone aggregate is 10-15mm, and the raw materials are weighed according to the following parts by mass: 85.2 parts of mudstone aggregate, 12 parts of cement, 6 parts of water and 0.8 part of naphthalene water reducer FDN-C; the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1. The compressive strength of the prepared soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 is 4MPa, and the effective porosity is 30%.
Example 5:
the particle size of the mudstone aggregate is 20-25mm, and the raw materials are weighed according to the following parts by mass: 75 parts of mudstone aggregate, 18 parts of cement, 2 parts of water and 1 part of naphthalene water reducer FDN-C; the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1. The compressive strength of the prepared soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 is 5MPa, and the effective porosity is 25%.
Example 6:
the particle size of the mudstone aggregate is 15-25mm, and the raw materials are weighed according to the following parts by mass: 75 parts of mudstone aggregate, 18 parts of cement, 2 parts of water and 1 part of naphthalene water reducer FDN-C; the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1. The compressive strength of the prepared soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 is 6MPa, and the effective porosity is 20%.
Strength determination test: according to the standard of ordinary concrete mechanical property test method GB/T50081-2002, a cubic test piece with the side length of 100mm is used for testing the compressive strength of the plant-growing concrete. The test instrument adopts a YE-30 type press, and the loading rate is 0.1-0.2MPa/s until the test piece is damaged. And finally, taking the average compressive strength as the final compressive strength of the soft rock ecological concrete, wherein the compressive strength is 5-6 MPa.
Porosity determination test: measuring the quality of the dry soft rock ecological concrete sample and the quality of the dry soft rock ecological concrete sample when the sample is soaked in water, and calculatingAnd (3) obtaining the effective porosity of the test piece, and finally obtaining the effective porosity of 28%, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
p is effective porosity (%)
V is the apparent volume (kg/m) of the test piece3）
m1Is the mass (g) of the test piece when dry
m2Is the mass (g) of the test piece after immersion in water
Example 1 porosity and strength are optimal, and the screening and stirring processes of raw materials have great influence on obtaining uniform high-porosity and high-strength soft rock ecological concrete.
Example 7:
the permeable layer in the permeable drainage layer 2 consists of the following components in parts by mass: 60 parts of pyrite particles, 20 parts of sand and stone fine aggregates and 10 parts of phenolic resin adhesive. The phenolic resin adhesive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of epoxy resin and 30 parts of fatty amine. The water permeability coefficient of the water permeable and drainage layer 2 is 10mm/s, and the strength is 12 MPa.
Example 8:
the permeable layer in the permeable drainage layer 2 consists of the following components in parts by mass: 80 parts of pyrite particles, 10 parts of sand and stone fine aggregate and 20 parts of phenolic resin adhesive. The phenolic resin adhesive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of epoxy resin and 20 parts of polyamide. The water permeability coefficient and the strength of the water permeable and drainage layer 2 are 11mm/s and 10 MPa.
Example 9:
the permeable layer in the permeable drainage layer 2 consists of the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of pyrite particles, 30 parts of sand and stone fine aggregate and 15 parts of phenolic resin adhesive. The phenolic resin adhesive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of epoxy resin and 25 parts of polyamide. The water permeability coefficient and the strength of the water permeable and drainage layer 2 are 12mm/s and 12 MPa.
Example 10:
the permeable layer in the permeable drainage layer 2 consists of the following components in parts by mass: 90 parts of pyrite particles, 10 parts of sand and stone fine aggregates and 5 parts of phenolic resin adhesive. The water permeability coefficient of the prepared water permeable and drainage layer 2 is 13mm/s, the strength is 8MPa, and the strength is small.
Carrying out rainfall simulation test on the prepared permeable drainage layer 2, and testing the water infiltration speed to obtain a water permeability coefficient; carrying out a compression strength test on the test piece to obtain strength; example 9 is the best, and the water permeability and the strength are both higher.
In the case of the embodiment 11, the following examples are given,
the permeable stone 58 or the spherical pig 57 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of volcanic rock particles, 14 parts of cement and 5 parts of concrete reinforcing agent. The prepared permeable stone 58 or the spherical pig 57 has the water permeability coefficient of 12mm/s and the strength of 15 MPa. The volcanic rock grains in the obtained product are mixed with cement, and a plurality of small holes are formed among the volcanic rock grains; the particle size range of volcanic rock particles is 4-6mm, and too big particle size can cause the porosity to be less, and the particle size is inhomogeneous can cause each granule to pack each other, also can cause the porosity less, is unfavorable for permeating water. The concrete reinforcing agent is a concrete surface (hardening) reinforcing agent, the interior of the concrete reinforcing agent contains high-activity fluorine-titanium material, the concrete reinforcing agent is a hardening agent with certain permeability, the water permeating effect of the permeable stone is not influenced, and the strength of the permeable stone can be enhanced. It has no pollution to environment and is one kind of environment friendly material.
In accordance with example 12, there is provided,
the permeable stone 58 or the spherical pig 57 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of volcanic rock particles, 10 parts of cement and 6 parts of concrete reinforcing agent. The prepared permeable stone 58 or the spherical pig 57 has the water permeability coefficient of 12mm/s and the strength of 13 MPa.
In accordance with example 13, there is provided,
the permeable stone 58 or the spherical pig 57 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 83 parts of volcanic rock particles, 12 parts of cement and 5.5 parts of concrete reinforcing agent. The obtained permeable stone 58 or spherical pig 57 has permeability coefficient of 10mm/s and strength of 12 Mpa.
In the case of the example 14, the following examples are given,
the permeable stone 58 or the spherical pig 57 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of volcanic rock particles, 25 parts of cement and 15 parts of concrete reinforcing agent. The water permeability coefficient is 8mm/s, the strength is 15MPa, and the water permeability coefficient is too small.
Carrying out rainfall simulation test on the prepared permeable stone 58 or the spherical pig 57, and testing the water infiltration speed to obtain the water permeability coefficient; carrying out a compression strength test on the test piece to obtain strength; example 11 is the best, and the water permeability and the strength are both higher.
This application drainage blanket 2, the preparation of soft rock base member ecological concrete layer 3 and vegetation foundation soil layer 4 of permeating water can be strong and weak according to soft rock side slope body intensity, suitably changes its ratio and thickness. If the rainfall is large in the area, the thickness of the water permeable and drainage layer 2 is increased. If the plants suitable for growing in the area have developed root systems and more nutrients are needed for growing, the nutrient content in the vegetation base soil layer 4 is increased, and meanwhile, the thickness of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3 is increased. The solid-embedded anchoring-drainage integrated drainage pipe needs to be accurately manufactured, so that the sliding rod 55 can slide in the groove 54, and the blockage in the cavity of the drainage pipe is removed.
Soft rock side slope body 1 is consolidated jointly in each inoxidizing coating and drainage system interact of this application, protects morals and manners soft rock stratum 7, has reduced the influence to highway 8 in the very big degree. The vegetation base soil layer 4 improves sufficient nutrients for planting the plant seedlings so that the plant seedlings slowly grow, and the soft rock base ecological concrete layer 3 with larger porosity and high strength provides a growth space for vegetation roots, so that the slope protection quality is improved; when the rainfall is great, the rainwater is firstly drained in the slope surface drainage channel, redundant rainwater infiltrates into the water permeable and drainage layer 2 along the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer 3, and the water permeable and drainage layer 2 has the characteristic that the horizontal permeability coefficient is far larger than the vertical permeability coefficient, so that the rainwater can be prevented from further infiltrating into the soft rock slope body 1. Even when some rainwater infiltrates inside soft rock side slope body 1, or there are other infiltration in soft rock side slope body 1 is inside, slope interior drain pipe 5 can be with effectively discharging outside soft rock side slope body 1 seeping water. Meanwhile, the slope inner drain pipe 5 and the water permeable drainage layer 2 help the water supply of the slope vegetation. The drainage pipe mouth of pipe 5 stretches out domaticly in the slope, and the moisture in soft rock side slope body 1 passes through the interior drainage pipe 5 of slope and discharges, and moisture is domatic by the drainage pipe mouth flow direction, provides moisture for domatic vegetation. Similarly, the drainage blanket 2 that permeates water has the horizontal permeability coefficient and is far away than the characteristics of perpendicular permeability coefficient, and when rainfall was great, the drainage blanket 2 that permeates water can not infiltrate to the inside of soft rock side slope 1 body along the vertical direction, but flows to domaticly along the horizontal direction flow direction, provides moisture for domatic vegetation.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An ecological prevention and control structure for a soft rock side slope is characterized by comprising an ecological protection layer and a drainage system;
the ecological protection layer comprises a water permeable drainage layer (2), a soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer (3) and a vegetation foundation soil layer (4), wherein the water permeable drainage layer (2) is attached to the slope surface of the soft rock slope body (1), and the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer (3) and the vegetation foundation soil layer (4) are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the water permeable drainage layer (2);
the drainage system comprises an in-slope drainage pipe (5) buried in the soft rock slope body (1) and a slope drainage structure (6) arranged on the upper surface of the vegetation foundation soil layer (4).
2. The ecological prevention and control structure of a soft rock slope as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the permeable drainage layer (2) comprises a permeable layer with a void structure and a water-stop film, the water-stop film is arranged at the bottom of the permeable layer; the permeable layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of pyrite particles, 10-30 parts of sand and gravel fine aggregates and 10-20 parts of phenolic resin adhesive; the phenolic resin adhesive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of epoxy resin and 20-30 parts of amine curing agent.
3. The soft rock slope ecological prevention and control structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer (3) is composed of the following components in parts by mass: 2-6 parts of water, 75-85.2 parts of mudstone aggregate, 12-18 parts of cement and 0.8-1 part of naphthalene water reducer FDN-C, wherein the particle size of the mudstone aggregate is 10-20mm or 20-25 mm.
4. The ecological prevention and control structure of a soft rock side slope according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of first embedded solid bodies (21) are arranged at intervals at the position of the soft rock side slope body (1) close to the water permeable drainage layer (2), a plurality of second embedded solid bodies (22) are arranged at intervals at the position of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer (3) close to the water permeable drainage layer (2), the positions of the first embedded solid bodies (21) and the second embedded solid bodies (22) correspond to each other one by one and are located on a straight line, and the first embedded solid bodies (21) and the second embedded solid bodies (22) are integrally formed with the water permeable drainage layer (2).
5. The ecological prevention and control structure of a soft rock side slope according to claim 1, characterized in that the interior slope drainage pipe (5) comprises a prestressed tension structure, a drainage section and an embedding section;
the drainage section comprises a pipeline (51), a cavity (52) is arranged in the pipeline (51), two pairs of parallel grooves (54) are axially formed in the inner wall of the pipeline (51), the two grooves are arranged in a vertically and horizontally symmetrical mode, sliding rods (55) are arranged in the left and right grooves (54) in a sliding mode, connecting rods (59) are fixedly connected to one opposite sides of the sliding rods (55) respectively, the connecting rods (59) are perpendicular to the sliding rods (55), a pigging ball (57) is connected between the two connecting rods (59), an operating handle is arranged at the water outlet end of the pipeline (51), and the operating handle is fixedly connected with the sliding rods (55);
the prestressed tensioning structure comprises twisted steel bars (56), the twisted steel bars (56) are arranged in the upper groove (54) and the lower groove (54), and prestress is applied to one end, extending out of the slope surface, of each twisted steel bar (56) through an anchorage device;
the embedding section comprises a permeable stone (58), the periphery of the permeable stone (58) is in a sawtooth shape, the permeable stone (58) is embedded in the soft rock slope body (1), and the permeable stone (58) is fixedly connected with one end, extending into the slope, of the threaded reinforcing steel bar (56).
6. The ecological prevention and control structure of a soft rock side slope according to claim 1, characterized in that the slope drainage structure (6) comprises a cut-off ditch (61), a drainage ditch (62), longitudinal drainage grooves (63) and transverse drainage grooves (64), wherein the transverse drainage grooves (64) are inclined downwards by 2-3 degrees, the longitudinal drainage grooves (63) and the transverse drainage grooves (64) are communicated with each other, the distance between every two adjacent transverse drainage grooves (64) and every two adjacent longitudinal drainage grooves (63) is 1-2m, and second galvanized wire nets (65) are arranged at the water inlets and the water outlets of the transverse drainage grooves (64) and the longitudinal drainage grooves (63); the longitudinal drainage groove (63) and the transverse drainage groove (64) are communicated with the intercepting ditch (61) and the drainage ditch (62); a plurality of hump weirs (630) with different sizes, shapes and heights are arranged in the longitudinal drainage groove (63), two adjacent hump weirs (630) are connected through straight line sections (631), each hump weir (630) is provided with a plurality of arc sections, and the central angles of the arc sections are different.
7. The ecological prevention and control structure of the soft rock side slope as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the water permeable and drainage layer (2) is 3-5cm, the thickness of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer (3) is 10-15cm, and the porosity is 20% -30%.
8. The ecological prevention and control structure of a soft rock side slope according to claim 1, characterized in that a layer of bamboo frame lattice (41) is arranged between the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer (3) and the vegetation base soil layer (4), and a vegetation bag (42) is placed in the bamboo frame lattice (41); the plant-growing base soil layer (4) comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 80-88 parts of soil, 5-8 parts of organic matters, 5-8 parts of soil ecological adhesive and 2-4 parts of organic fibers; the thickness of the vegetation foundation soil layer (4) is 5-8 cm; the plant bag (42) comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 80-88 parts of soil, 5-8 parts of organic matters, 5-8 parts of stabilizing agents, 2-4 parts of fertilizers and a plurality of plant seeds; the stabilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 1-5 parts of coconut fiber silk, 1-5 parts of water-retaining agent, 55-70 parts of warm water at 40-50 ℃, 1-3 parts of emulsifier and 25-37 parts of palm oil.
9. A construction method of a soft rock slope ecological prevention and control structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, clearing the slope surface and excavating the side slope;
s2, arranging a water intercepting ditch (61) at the top of the slope and a water draining ditch (62) at the bottom of the slope outside the soft rock slope excavation line;
s3, spraying water-insulating liquid, filling cracks and depressions on the surface of the soft rock slope body (1), drilling holes on the surface of the soft rock slope perpendicular to the slope at intervals, installing a mold at a position corresponding to the drilled holes, spraying the water-insulating liquid into the mold, pouring a water permeable layer, integrally forming a water permeable and drainage layer (2), a first embedded solid (21) and a second embedded solid (22) after curing, wherein the water permeable and drainage layer (2) uniformly covers the whole surface of the soft rock slope, and the thickness of the water permeable and drainage layer (2) is 3-5 cm;
s4, after the water permeable and drainage layer (2) is solidified, spraying a soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer (3) on the upper surface of the water permeable and drainage layer (2);
s5, tightly paving the prepared bamboo frame lattices (41) on the upper surface of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer (3), uniformly spraying the vegetation base soil layer (4) on the upper surface of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer (3), and embedding the prepared vegetation bags (42) in the bamboo frame lattices (41) after the spraying is finished;
s6, burying an inner slope drain pipe (5): drilling a hole on the surface of the soft rock side slope body (1), wherein the angle between the axis of the drilling hole and the horizontal line of the ground is 2-3 degrees, and the inner diameter of the drilling hole is 0.5-1 cm smaller than the outer diameter of the slope inner drainage pipe (5); when the drilling depth reaches the design requirement, the drilling radius is increased to at least 2.5 times of the outer diameter of the drainage pipe (5) in the slope, an embedding area is obtained, and the hole wall of the embedding area is in a sawtooth shape; pipeline (51) are arranged in the drilling hole, and the twisted steel (56) is stretched into the embedding area along upper and lower grooves (54), and the grouting pipe is inserted into the embedding area, and the grouting pipe is arranged in the embedding area according to the following parts by mass: grouting mixed slurry prepared from 80-85 parts of volcanic rock grains, 10-14 parts of cement and 5-6 parts of concrete reinforcing agent in a consolidation area, forming permeable stones (58) by the solidified mixed slurry, and stably consolidating the deformed steel bars (56) in the permeable stones (58); mounting a sliding rod (55) into left and right grooves (54) at two sides of the drain pipe, and placing a spherical pig (57) in the pipeline (51); when the twisted steel bars (56) are in a natural relaxation state, prestress is applied to one end, extending out of the slope, of the twisted steel bars (56) through an anchorage device;
s7, building a drainage groove: and transverse drainage grooves (64) and longitudinal drainage grooves (63) which are mutually communicated are built on the upper surface of the compacted vegetation foundation soil layer (4), and the longitudinal drainage grooves (63) and the transverse drainage grooves (64) are communicated with the intercepting ditch (61) and the drainage ditch (62).
10. The construction method of the soft rock slope ecological prevention and cure structure as claimed in claim 9, wherein in the step S4, the preparation method of the soft rock matrix ecological concrete layer (3) is performed according to the following steps:
s41, screening: manually mashing the obtained mudstone, screening mudstone aggregate with the particle size of 10-20mm or 20-25mm, removing needles and flaky aggregates, and washing and drying;
s42, weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-6 parts of water, 75-85.2 parts of mudstone aggregate, 12-18 parts of cement and 0.8-1 part of naphthalene water reducer FDN-C;
s43, adding the weighed water into the weighed mudstone aggregate, and stirring for 120-140S to make the mudstone aggregate reach a saturated surface dry state;
s44, stirring 50% of the cement weighed in the step S42 and the mudstone aggregate in a saturated face dry state for 60-80S to obtain a mixture;
s45, adding 50% of the water weighed in the step S42 into the mixture, and stirring for 120-140S;
s46, adding the remaining cement and water into the mixture, and stirring for 120-140S;
and S47, adding the water reducing agent into the mixture for two minutes before stirring, and continuously stirring to obtain mixed particle slurry.
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