CN113147131A - 一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113147131A
CN113147131A CN202110448704.5A CN202110448704A CN113147131A CN 113147131 A CN113147131 A CN 113147131A CN 202110448704 A CN202110448704 A CN 202110448704A CN 113147131 A CN113147131 A CN 113147131A
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fiber
parts
fibers
acrylic fiber
fabric
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范京京
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Alite Holdings Group Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了面料技术领域,为了解决现有防火面料防火性能和面料强度不佳的问题,提供了一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料及其制备方法,所述高强度的纳米碳防火面料,由经纱和纬纱编织而成,而经纱和纬纱由纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维混合纺纱织造得到;所述经纱和纬纱均经过改性液浸泡处理。本发明使用改性腈纶纤维作为原料,制备所得的面料强度和防火效果均大幅提高。

Description

一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及面料技术领域,尤其涉及一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有的防火面料如石棉布或者经过特殊溶液处理的面料;阻燃面料即可以阻止燃烧并减缓燃烧速度的面料,但是一般普通的阻燃面料在减缓燃烧过程中会产生碳化现象。目前阻燃面料主要有经过后处理后具有阻燃功能的面料和自身就具有一定阻燃性能的面料,比如芳纶面料和腈纶面料就具有一定的阻燃性。尽管如此,阻燃面料在作为特殊领域面料使用时其性能还远远不够,还需要进行一系列的防火处理以使其具有防火性能。研究防火阻燃面料在特种服饰领域具有深远的意义和巨大的经济价值,防火阻燃面料可以作为消防员防护服面料,可以有效避免消防员在出勤过程中被大伙灼伤。现有的防火面料存在防火效果不佳的情况,且面料强度不够。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点,而提出的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料,由经纱和纬纱编织而成,而经纱和纬纱由纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维混合纺纱织造得到;其中,所述纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维的重量份数为2-5份、20-35份、5-8份、40-55份;所述经纱和纬纱均经过改性液浸泡处理。
所述改性腈纶纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤:按照如下重量比1:(10-15):(0.1-0.4):(0.1-0.5):(0.05-0.1)称取腈纶纤维、氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为60-95℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为4-6,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌1-2h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置12-24h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维。
所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为15%-55%;所述促进剂为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:(0.5-3)的比例混合而成。
所述改性液的制备方法包括以下步骤:按照如下重量比100:(1-2):(5-10):(5-9):(5-7):(7-13):(2-5):(4-12)称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至50-60℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至5-6,即得改性液。
所述接枝改性剂为含有β-乙烯砜硫酸酯基、磺酸基和三嗪环结构的接枝剂改性。
上述高强度的纳米碳防火面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:按照重量份数依次称取纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维;
步骤2:将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;
步骤3:将桑蚕丝纤维放入蒸汽温度为105-180℃的高温蒸汽环境中热处理0.5-1h后,将木棉纤维和冷却后的桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至40-45℃,并浸泡0.3-1h后烘干;
步骤4:将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;
步骤5:将步骤4所得的第二编织物粘合在步骤2所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
原料中使用的改性腈纶纤维是由腈纶纤维在经过氢氧化钠溶液碱减量处理后,腈纶纤维表面产生许多凹坑,并且活性基团数目增多,再依次与正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺进行改性反应,碱减量腈纶纤维与正硅酸乙酯混合改性之前先将碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值调整为酸性,由于正硅酸乙酯在酸性条件下会分解产生二氧化硅,并且碱减量腈纶纤维表面凹坑中活性基团数量较多,从而使二氧化硅在腈纶纤维表面凹坑中发生反应,形成硅氧键,使经正硅酸乙酯预改性后的腈纶纤维的断裂强力得到提高;预改性腈纶纤维与三聚氰胺混合发生改性反应,三聚氰胺在预改性腈纶纤维的表面形成膜层,使得腈纶纤维具备良好的防火效果。
使用改性液对桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维进行了进一步改性处理,赋予了由桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维编织得到的第二编织物优良的防火阻燃性能,使得由第一编织物和第二编织物粘合得到的面料两侧均具备良好的防火效果,防火效果更佳。
其中桑蚕丝纤维经高温热处理后,可大幅度改善光泽、提高强力和水洗色牢固度,使得作为面料内侧的第二编织物保证亲肤性更佳的同时能够提高其强度。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
现有的防火面料如石棉布或者经过特殊溶液处理的面料;阻燃面料即可以阻止燃烧并减缓燃烧速度的面料,但是一般普通的阻燃面料在减缓燃烧过程中会产生碳化现象。目前阻燃面料主要有经过后处理后具有阻燃功能的面料和自身就具有一定阻燃性能的面料,比如芳纶面料和腈纶面料就具有一定的阻燃性。尽管如此,阻燃面料在作为特殊领域面料使用时其性能还远远不够,还需要进行一系列的防火处理以使其具有防火性能。研究防火阻燃面料在特种服饰领域具有深远的意义和巨大的经济价值,防火阻燃面料可以作为消防员防护服面料,可以有效避免消防员在出勤过程中被大伙灼伤。现有的防火面料存在防火效果不佳的情况,且面料强度不够。为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提出了一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料,由经纱和纬纱编织而成,而经纱和纬纱由纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维混合纺纱织造得到;其中,所述纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维的重量份数为2-5份、20-35份、5-8份、40-55份;所述经纱和纬纱均经过改性液浸泡处理。
在本发明实施例中,所述一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料,由经纱和纬纱编织而成,而经纱和纬纱由纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维混合纺纱织造得到;其中,所述纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维的重量份数为2-5份、20-35份、5-8份、40-55份;所述经纱和纬纱均经过改性液浸泡处理。
本发明中,原料中使用的改性腈纶纤维是由腈纶纤维在经过氢氧化钠溶液碱减量处理后,腈纶纤维表面产生许多凹坑,并且活性基团数目增多,再依次与正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺进行改性反应,碱减量腈纶纤维与正硅酸乙酯混合改性之前先将碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值调整为酸性,由于正硅酸乙酯在酸性条件下会分解产生二氧化硅,并且碱减量腈纶纤维表面凹坑中活性基团数量较多,从而使二氧化硅在腈纶纤维表面凹坑中发生反应,形成硅氧键,使经正硅酸乙酯预改性后的腈纶纤维的断裂强力得到提高;预改性腈纶纤维与三聚氰胺混合发生改性反应,三聚氰胺在预改性腈纶纤维的表面形成膜层,使得腈纶纤维具备良好的防火效果。
本发明中,使用改性液对桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维进行了进一步改性处理,赋予了由桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维编织得到的第二编织物优良的防火阻燃性能,使得由第一编织物和第二编织物粘合得到的面料两侧均具备良好的防火效果,防火效果更佳。
本发明中,其中桑蚕丝纤维经高温热处理后,可大幅度改善光泽、提高强力和水洗色牢固度,使得作为面料内侧的第二编织物保证亲肤性更佳的同时能够提高其强度。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料及其制备方法的技术效果做进一步的说明,但这些实施例所提及的具体实施方法只是对本发明的技术方案进行的列举解释,并非限制本发明的实施范围,凡是依据上述原理,在本发明基础上的改进、替代,都应在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:0.5的比例混合得到促进剂;
按照如下重量比1:10:0.1:0.1:0.05称取腈纶纤维、浓度为15%的氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为60℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为4,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌1h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置12h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维;
按照如下重量比100:1:5:5:5:7:2:4称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至50℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至5,即得改性液;
按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维2份、改性腈纶纤维20份、桑蚕丝纤维5份、木棉纤维40份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将桑蚕丝纤维放入高温蒸汽环境中热处理0.5h后,将木棉纤维和冷却后的桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至40℃,并浸泡0.3h后烘干;将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
实施例2
将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:0.5的比例混合得到促进剂;
按照如下重量比1:10:0.1:0.1:0.05称取腈纶纤维、浓度为15%的氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为60℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为4,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌1h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置12h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维;
按照如下重量比100:1:5:5:5:7:2:4称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至50℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至5,即得改性液;
按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维2.5份、改性腈纶纤维22份、桑蚕丝纤维5.5份、木棉纤维42份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将桑蚕丝纤维放入高温蒸汽环境中热处理0.5h后,将木棉纤维和冷却后的桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至40℃,并浸泡0.3h后烘干;将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
实施例3
将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:0.5的比例混合得到促进剂;
按照如下重量比1:12.5:0.22:0.3:0.075称取腈纶纤维、浓度为35%的氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为75℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为5,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌1.5h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置18h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维;
按照如下重量比100:1.5:7.5:7:6:10:3.5:8称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至55℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至5.5,即得改性液;
按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维3.5份、改性腈纶纤维27份、桑蚕丝纤维6.5份、木棉纤维47份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将桑蚕丝纤维放入高温蒸汽环境中热处理0.75h后,将木棉纤维和冷却后的桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至42℃,并浸泡0.6h后烘干;将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
实施例4
将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:3的比例混合得到促进剂;
按照如下重量比1:15:0.4:0.5:0.1称取腈纶纤维、浓度为55%的氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为95℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为6,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌2h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置24h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维;
按照如下重量比100:2:10:9:7:13:5:12称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至60℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至6,即得改性液;
按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维4.5份、改性腈纶纤维32份、桑蚕丝纤维7.5份、木棉纤维52份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将桑蚕丝纤维放入高温蒸汽环境中热处理1h后,将木棉纤维和冷却后的桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至45℃,并浸泡1h后烘干;将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
实施例5
将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:3的比例混合得到促进剂;
按照如下重量比1:15:0.4:0.5:0.1称取腈纶纤维、浓度为55%的氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为95℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为6,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌2h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置24h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维;
按照如下重量比100:2:10:9:7:13:5:12称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至60℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至6,即得改性液;
按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维5份、改性腈纶纤维35份、桑蚕丝纤维8份、木棉纤维55份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将桑蚕丝纤维放入高温蒸汽环境中热处理1h后,将木棉纤维和冷却后的桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至45℃,并浸泡1h后烘干;将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
实施例6
将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:3的比例混合得到促进剂;
按照如下重量比1:10:0.1:0.1:0.05称取腈纶纤维、浓度为15%的氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为60℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为4,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌1h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置12h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维;
按照如下重量比100:1:5:5:5:7:2:4称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至50℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至5,即得改性液;
按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维5份、改性腈纶纤维35份、桑蚕丝纤维8份、木棉纤维55份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将桑蚕丝纤维放入高温蒸汽环境中热处理1h后,将木棉纤维和冷却后的桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至45℃,并浸泡1h后烘干;将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
实施例7
将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:3的比例混合得到促进剂;
按照如下重量比1:15:0.4:0.5:0.1称取腈纶纤维、浓度为55%的氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为95℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为6,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌2h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置24h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维;
按照如下重量比100:2:10:9:7:13:5:12称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至60℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至6,即得改性液;
按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维2份、改性腈纶纤维20份、桑蚕丝纤维5份、木棉纤维40份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将桑蚕丝纤维放入高温蒸汽环境中热处理0.5h后,将木棉纤维和冷却后的桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至40℃,并浸泡0.3h后烘干;将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
对实施例1-7制备所得的面料进行耐磨性、阻燃性能和顶破强力三个方面的检测,并选取市面常见的防火面料作为对照组。其中耐磨性按GB/T2112007的规定进行,压强为12kPa,终止条件为一根纱线断裂造成外观上的破洞;阻燃性能试验前,按FZ/T0l008方法B进行老化试验,将其试验后的样品按GB/T5455的规定进行阻燃试验,并按GB/T17591-2006中装饰用织物B2级技术要求判定;顶破强力试验按GB/T19976的规定执行,圆球直径(38±0.02)m,且测试结果见表1所示:
表格1
Figure BDA0003037793340000151
综上,从表1可知,经本发明实施例1-7制备所得的防火面料的耐磨性、阻燃性能和顶破强力性能均优于市面现有的防火面料性能。其中实施例5制备所得的防火面料耐磨性、阻燃性能和顶破强力性能最佳,实施例5公开了按照如下重量比1:15:0.4:0.5:0.1称取腈纶纤维、浓度为55%的氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为95℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为6,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌2h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置24h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维;按照如下重量比100:2:10:9:7:13:5:12称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至60℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至6,即得改性液;按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维5份、改性腈纶纤维35份、桑蚕丝纤维8份、木棉纤维55份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将桑蚕丝纤维放入高温蒸汽环境中热处理1h后,将木棉纤维和冷却后的桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至45℃,并浸泡1h后烘干;将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
进一步,本发明还对该高强度的纳米碳防火面料的制备方法中工艺条件作了系统研究,以下仅对工艺条件改变对该高强度的纳米碳防火面料效果影响显著的试验方案进行说明,均以实施例5的工艺条件作为基础,具体见对比例1-4:
对比例1
按照如下重量比100:2:10:9:7:13:5:12称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至60℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至6,即得改性液;
按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维5份、腈纶纤维35份、桑蚕丝纤维8份、木棉纤维55份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将桑蚕丝纤维放入高温蒸汽环境中热处理1h后,将木棉纤维和冷却后的桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至45℃,并浸泡1h后烘干;将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
对比例2
将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:3的比例混合得到促进剂;
按照如下重量比1:15:0.4:0.5:0.1称取腈纶纤维、浓度为55%的氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为95℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为6,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌2h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置24h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维;
按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维5份、改性腈纶纤维35份、桑蚕丝纤维8份、木棉纤维55份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将桑蚕丝纤维放入高温蒸汽环境中热处理1h后,将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
对比例3
将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:3的比例混合得到促进剂;
按照如下重量比1:15:0.4:0.5:0.1称取腈纶纤维、浓度为55%的氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为95℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为6,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌2h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置24h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维;
按照如下重量比100:2:10:9:7:13:5:12称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至60℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至6,即得改性液;
按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维5份、改性腈纶纤维35份、桑蚕丝纤维8份、木棉纤维55份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将木棉纤维和桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至45℃,并浸泡1h后烘干;将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
对比例4
将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:3的比例混合得到促进剂;
按照如下重量比1:15:0.4:0.5:0.1称取腈纶纤维、浓度为55%的氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为95℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为6,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌2h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置24h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维;
按照如下重量份数称取各组分:纳米碳纤维5份、改性腈纶纤维35份、桑蚕丝纤维8份、木棉纤维55份;将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;将上述所得的第二编织物粘合在上述所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
对比例1-4制备所得的面料进行耐磨性、阻燃性能和顶破强力三个方面的检测。其中耐磨性按GB/T2112007的规定进行,压强为12kPa,终止条件为一根纱线断裂造成外观上的破洞;阻燃性能试验前,按FZ/T0l008方法B进行老化试验,将其试验后的样品按GB/T5455的规定进行阻燃试验,并按GB/T17591-2006中装饰用织物B2级技术要求判定;顶破强力试验按GB/T19976的规定执行,圆球直径(38±0.02)m,且测试结果见表2所示:
表2
Figure BDA0003037793340000201
综上,从表2可知,对比例1-4制备所得的防火面料的耐磨性、阻燃性能和顶破强力性能均差于实施例5的防火面料性能。其中对比例1使用的腈纶纤维为未改性的腈纶纤维,未改性的腈纶纤维相对于经氢氧化钠溶液碱减量处理后再依次与正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺进行改性反应得到的改性腈纶纤维,防火性能和抗断裂强力均降低,尤其耐磨性和顶破强力大幅降低;对比例2没有使用改性液对桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维进行浸渍改性处理,使得由桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维编织而成的第二编织物防火阻燃性能降低;对比例3在制备过程中没有对桑蚕丝纤维进行高温热处理,桑蚕丝纤维的使用强度等性能降低;对比例4没有使用改性液对桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维进行浸渍改性处理,且在制备过程中没有对桑蚕丝纤维进行高温热处理,导致由桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维编织而成的第二编织物防火阻燃性能降低、桑蚕丝纤维的使用强度等性能降低。
综上,本实施例中提出的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料及其制备方法,原料中使用的改性腈纶纤维是由腈纶纤维在经过氢氧化钠溶液碱减量处理后,腈纶纤维表面产生许多凹坑,并且活性基团数目增多,再依次与正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺进行改性反应,碱减量腈纶纤维与正硅酸乙酯混合改性之前先将碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值调整为酸性,由于正硅酸乙酯在酸性条件下会分解产生二氧化硅,并且碱减量腈纶纤维表面凹坑中活性基团数量较多,从而使二氧化硅在腈纶纤维表面凹坑中发生反应,形成硅氧键,使经正硅酸乙酯预改性后的腈纶纤维的断裂强力得到提高;预改性腈纶纤维与三聚氰胺混合发生改性反应,三聚氰胺在预改性腈纶纤维的表面形成膜层,使得腈纶纤维具备良好的防火效果。
使用改性液对桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维进行了进一步改性处理,赋予了由桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维编织得到的第二编织物优良的防火阻燃性能,使得由第一编织物和第二编织物粘合得到的面料两侧均具备良好的防火效果,防火效果更佳。
其中桑蚕丝纤维经高温热处理后,可大幅度改善光泽、提高强力和水洗色牢固度,使得作为面料内侧的第二编织物保证亲肤性更佳的同时能够提高其强度。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料,其特征在于,由经纱和纬纱编织而成,而经纱和纬纱由纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维混合纺纱织造得到;
其中,所述纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维的重量份数为2-5份、20-35份、5-8份、40-55份;
所述经纱和纬纱均经过改性液浸泡处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料,其特征在于,所述改性腈纶纤维的制备方法包括以下步骤:按照如下重量比1:(10-15):(0.1-0.4):(0.1-0.5):(0.05-0.1)称取腈纶纤维、氢氧化钠溶液、促进剂、正硅酸乙酯、三聚氰胺;在水浴温度为60-95℃的环境下将腈纶纤维和氢氧化钠溶液倒入混合桶内进行充分混合搅拌1h后,洗涤,得碱减量腈纶纤维;调整混合桶内碱减量腈纶纤维的ph值为4-6,再将促进剂和正硅酸乙酯倒入混合桶内与碱减量腈纶纤维充分搅拌1-2h后得到预改性腈纶纤维;将三聚氰胺倒入混合桶内与预改性腈纶纤维混合搅拌后静置12-24h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,即得改性腈纶纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料,其特征在于,所述氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为15%-55%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料,其特征在于,所述促进剂为十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵按照1:(0.5-3)的比例混合而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料,其特征在于,所述改性液的制备方法包括以下步骤:按照如下重量比100:(1-2):(5-10):(5-9):(5-7):(7-13):(2-5):(4-12)称取水、三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、柠檬酸、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠、接枝改性剂;将三乙醇胺、纳米二氧化硅、聚乙二醇、聚乙二醇、碳酸钠和接枝改性剂依次加入水中,加热至50-60℃搅拌均匀,再用柠檬酸调节pH至5-6,即得改性液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料,其特征在于,所述接枝改性剂为含有β-乙烯砜硫酸酯基、磺酸基和三嗪环结构的接枝剂改性。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料,其特征在于,所述纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维的重量份数为2.5-4.5份、22-32份、5.5-7.5份、42-52份。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料,其特征在于,所述纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维的重量份数为3.5份、27份、6.5份、47份。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:按照重量份数依次称取纳米碳纤维、改性腈纶纤维、桑蚕丝纤维和木棉纤维;
步骤2:将纳米碳纤维作为第一经纱、改性腈纶纤维作为第一纬纱,将第一经纱和第一纬纱编织得到第一编织物;
步骤3:将桑蚕丝纤维放入高温蒸汽环境中热处理0.5-1h后,将木棉纤维和冷却后的桑蚕丝纤维放入改性液中,升温至40-45℃,并浸泡0.3-1h后烘干;
步骤4:将烘干的桑蚕丝纤维作为第二经纱、木棉纤维作为第二纬纱,将第二经纱和第二纬纱编织得到第二编织物;
步骤5:将步骤4所得的第二编织物粘合在步骤2所得的第一编织物内侧,即得所述的高强度的纳米碳防火面料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种高强度的纳米碳防火面料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中的高温蒸汽环境的蒸汽温度为105-180℃。
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