CN113134368A - CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO纳米复合光催化剂的制备及应用 - Google Patents
CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO纳米复合光催化剂的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO纳米复合光催化剂的制备及应用,涉及一种光催化剂的制备及应用,本发明通过溶剂热法以铜源,铁源和硫源按照一定的比例以乙二胺为溶剂获得Cu5FeS4助催化剂,利用Hummers法制备氧化态石墨烯(GO),并通过水热反应让Cu5FeS4以及RGO与CdS复合获得目标纳米复合光催化剂。所获得的这种三元纳米复合可见光光催化剂结构清晰,组成明确。Cu5FeS4具有相对较窄的带隙和优异的电子传导性,RGO能增大光生载流子的扩散范围,在这个三元复合可见光催化剂中,Cu5FeS4和RGO作助催化剂,能够有效抑制光生电子‑空穴对的重组从而增强可见光催化活性,是一种价格低廉,发展前景广阔的光催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光催化剂的制备及应用,特别是涉及一种CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO纳米复合光催化剂的制备及应用。
背景技术
近些年来,基于半导体的光催化技术在太阳能转换、降解有机污染物以及光解水制氢等诸多方面都表现出了优异的性能,引起了国内外科研工作者们的关注。在光催化反应过程中,催化剂不会被消耗且光催化技术操作简单,反应过程所产生的氢能作为二次能源,清洁等优点,光催化技术被认为是一种理想的环境处理和能源再生技术。为了实现高效的光解水制氢,人们已经开发出了大量用于制氢的半导体光催化剂。
硫化镉(CdS)是一种最重要的II-VI半导体之一,其禁带宽度约为2.4 eV,在可见光照射条件下,光响应范围更广,可以达到可见光的利用效率,同时具有较好的导电性以及较高的电子亲和力且合成方法简单,被广泛应用于制光电管、太阳能电池等多方面用途。
Cu5FeS4地球存储量丰富且自身无毒,具有相对较窄的带隙、优异的电子传导性、稳定的物理化学性质,作为三元复合催化剂中的助催化剂,是一种发展前景广阔的导电材料。
RGO(石墨烯)是一种具有独特二维结构的大比面积材料,其在导热、力学、电学及传输载流子等方面具有优异的性能。石墨烯的修饰及与其它材料结合有助于形成高效可见光活性的光催化剂。在纳米复合材料中,石墨烯可作为助催化剂接受光生电子,抑制电子空穴对的复合;且与其它组分形成的紧密的异质结抅利于光致载流子分离和传输,从而提高光催化效率。此外,石墨烯还是光催化剂的理想载体材料,它具有高吸收性能,可作为光敏剂敏化光催化剂,提高催化剂的光吸收强度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO纳米复合光催化剂的制备及应用,本发明以CdS为基体,铜源、铁源、硫源和石墨烯按照一定的摩尔比在水热条件下反应,并获得目标光催化剂。所制备的纳米复合光催化剂组成明确、结构清晰,在可见光及近红外和紫外光的照射下,进行光解水制氢,是一种环境友好且发展前景广阔的光催化材料。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO纳米复合光催化剂的制备,所述催化剂的制备,以Cu5FeS4和RGO(石墨烯)为助催化剂,然后与CdS耦合获得目标光催化剂;包括以下过程:
利用溶剂热法制备CdS纳米棒;按分子量计算并分别称取CdCl2·2.5H2O和硫脲于试管中,分别加入乙二胺溶液,超声处理,之后将氯化镉与乙二胺混合溶液与硫脲乙二胺混合溶液混合在一起,摇匀继续超声,然后将混合液转移到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,在160℃的恒温条件下反应48h,待反应结束,经离心洗涤干燥后,收集所得到的黄色固体,研磨成粉末备用;
利用溶剂热法合成Cu5FeS4;分别将铜源,铁源和硫源按照摩尔比溶于乙二胺溶剂中,混合均匀并将其转移在聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中180℃条件下反应24小时,反应结束后,经离心洗涤、干燥等步骤即可得到目标产物;
利用Hummers法制备氧化态石墨烯(GO);称取CdS均匀的分散在去离子水中,超声处理,随后加入GO(氧化石墨烯),搅拌,之后将混合溶液转移到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,在160℃的条件下反应6h;待反应结束,将反应釜自然冷却到室温,按比例加入Cu5FeS4样品,搅拌,之后将混合溶液转移到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,180℃的条件下反应3h,待反应结束,收集所得到的固体,用乙醇或者去离子水离心洗涤3-5次,在60℃恒温干燥箱中干燥12h,便可得到CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO三元复合光催化剂。
CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO纳米复合光催化剂的应用,所述催化剂应用于光催化产氢以及光降解有机污染物中。
本发明的优点与效果是:
1.本发明填补了现有光催化剂Cu5FeS4催化剂种类的不足,制备以RGO和Cu5FeS4为助催化剂的CdS/Cu5FeS4/g-C3N4三元纳米复合光催化剂,Cu5FeS4带隙较窄。具有优异的电子传导性。所加入的RGO可以增大光生载流子的扩散,从而抑制了电子与空穴的复合,延长催化剂的使用寿命,从而增强了可见光催化活性。
2.本发明采用一种简单的分步水热反应方法,合成三元纳米复合光催化剂的合成原料容易获得且比较常见,整体工艺可控,易于实施,符合环境友好以及“绿色化学”的理念要求。
3.本发明为开发低成本的光催化剂提供一种新的思路,对于解决日益严重的能源和环境污染问题具有重要的意义。
附图说明
图1为CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO三元纳米复合光催化剂的透射电镜(TEM)图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但其并不限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
(1)利用溶剂热法制备Cu5FeS4助催化剂。首先,称取0.0990 g CuCl和0.2730 gFeCl3·6H2O 分别均匀地分散在15 mL乙二胺溶剂中,然后将其混合物放入超声机中超声15min,后将两种溶液混合,加入双倍过量的(NH4)2S溶液。混合均匀将溶液转移到50 ml带聚四氟乙烯内衬的反应釜中,在180℃下反应24小时后,将黑色固体用去离子水和无水乙醇依次洗涤5-8次,离心洗涤收集沉淀并在50℃下烘干,得到Cu5FeS4助催化剂。
(2)利用Hummers法制备氧化态石墨烯。按照5:5:4的比例称取10g过硫酸钾、10g五氧化二磷和8g石墨,然后将这三种药品混匀置于100ml的三口烧瓶中进行机械搅拌。之后缓慢将40-50ml左右浓硫酸滴加到三口烧瓶中,同时开启油浴加热,反应10小时,待反应完成后,冷却到室温,将所得到的的产品滴量加入到500ml 左右70-80℃的蒸馏水中,抽滤,调节pH值达到7,烘干待用。
将机械搅拌,冰水浴装置架好以后,在500ml的三口烧瓶中加入272ml的浓硫酸,以5:4:22.5的比例称量药品按此样品(8g)、硝酸钠(6.4g)、高锰酸钾(36g),之后将样品与硝酸钠混匀,再将称量好的高锰酸钾分批加入三口烧瓶中,继续搅拌30min,移入35℃油浴反应体系中,反应1小时,反应完成后,静置两天。之后洗涤、搅拌成悬浊液后,将3%的双氧水逐渐加到悬浊液中,边滴加边搅拌,直至液体变色,溶液分层,取下层黄色粘稠液进行离心洗涤。洗涤过程中,先用0.1mol·L-1的稀HCl洗涤,直到检测无沉淀产生为止。后用二次水洗涤,直到离心试管中上清液的PH达到7为止,最后放入培养皿50℃条件下烘干,烘干的样品即为氧化态石墨烯。
(3)将200mg CdS分散到20mL去离子水中,超声处理20min,使其均匀的分散在去离子水中。随后加入0.5mg GO搅拌,之后将混合溶液转移到100mL带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,在160℃的条件下反应6h。待反应结束,将反应釜自然冷却到室温,加入1.0mgCu5FeS4样品,搅拌30min,之后将混合溶液转移到100mL带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,180℃的条件下反应3h,待反应结束,收集所得到的固体,用乙醇或者去离子水离心洗涤3-5次,在60℃恒温干燥箱中干燥12h,合成了含CdS/0.50 wt % Cu5FeS4的CdS/Cu5FeS4/0.25 wt% RGO三元纳米复合光催化剂。
实施例2
如实施例1所述,称取200mg CdS分散到20mL去离子水中,超声处理20min,使其均匀的分散在去离子水中。随后加入1.0mg GO搅拌,其余操作步骤保持不变。所不同的是将步骤(3)中加入GO的量调为1.0 mg,则最终的催化剂为含有0.50 wt% Cu5FeS4为助催化剂的CdS/Cu5FeS4/ 0.50 wt% RGO三元纳米复合光催化剂。
实施例3
如实施例1所述,称取200mg CdS分散到20mL去离子水中,超声处理20min,使其均匀的分散在去离子水中。随后加入1.5mg GO搅拌,其余操作步骤保持不变。所不同的是将步骤(3)中加入GO的量调为1.5 mg,则最终的催化剂为含有0.5 wt% Cu5FeS4为助催化剂的CdS/Cu5FeS4/0.75 wt% RGO三元纳米复合光催化剂。
实施例4
如实施例1所述,称取200mg CdS分散到20mL去离子水中,超声处理20min,使其均匀的分散在去离子水中。随后加入2.0mg GO搅拌,其余操作步骤保持不变。所不同的是将步骤(3)中加入GO的量调为2.0 mg,则最终的催化剂为含有0.5 wt% Cu5FeS4为助催化剂的CdS/Cu5FeS4/ 1.00 wt% RGO三元纳米复合光催化剂。
实施例5
如实施例1所述,称取200mg CdS分散到20mL去离子水中,超声处理20min,使其均匀的分散在去离子水中。随后加入4.0mg GO搅拌,其余操作步骤保持不变。所不同的是将步骤(3)中加入GO的量调为4.0 mg,则最终的催化剂为含有0.5 wt% Cu5FeS4为助催化剂的CdS/Cu5FeS4/ 2.00 wt% RGO三元纳米复合光催化剂。
实施例6
如实施例1所述,称取200mg CdS分散到20mL去离子水中,超声处理20min,使其均匀的分散在去离子水中。随后加入6.0mg GO搅拌,其余操作步骤保持不变。所不同的是将步骤(3)中加入GO的量调为6.0 mg,则最终的催化剂为含有0.5 wt% Cu5FeS4为助催化剂的CdS/Cu5FeS4/ 3.00 wt% RGO三元纳米复合光催化剂。
Claims (2)
1.CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO纳米复合光催化剂的制备,其特征在于,所述催化剂的制备,以Cu5FeS4和RGO(石墨烯)为助催化剂,然后与CdS耦合获得目标光催化剂;包括以下过程:
利用溶剂热法制备CdS纳米棒;按分子量计算并分别称取CdCl2·2.5H2O和硫脲于试管中,分别加入乙二胺溶液,超声处理,之后将氯化镉与乙二胺混合溶液与硫脲乙二胺混合溶液混合在一起,摇匀继续超声,然后将混合液转移到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,在160℃的恒温条件下反应48h,待反应结束,经离心洗涤干燥后,收集所得到的黄色固体,研磨成粉末备用;
利用溶剂热法合成Cu5FeS4;分别将铜源,铁源和硫源按照摩尔比溶于乙二胺溶剂中,混合均匀并将其转移在聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中180℃条件下反应24小时,反应结束后,经离心洗涤、干燥等步骤即可得到目标产物;
利用Hummers法制备氧化态石墨烯(GO);称取CdS均匀的分散在去离子水中,超声处理,随后加入GO(氧化石墨烯),搅拌,之后将混合溶液转移到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,在160℃的条件下反应6h;待反应结束,将反应釜自然冷却到室温,按比例加入Cu5FeS4样品,搅拌,之后将混合溶液转移到带有聚四氟乙烯内衬的不锈钢反应釜中,180℃的条件下反应3h,待反应结束,收集所得到的固体,用乙醇或者去离子水离心洗涤3-5次,在60℃恒温干燥箱中干燥12h,便可得到CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO三元复合光催化剂。
2. CdS/Cu5FeS4/RGO纳米复合光催化剂的应用,其特征在于,所述催化剂应用于光催化产氢以及光降解有机污染物中。
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