CN113105429A - 一种氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- -1 tetraethylammonium fluoride hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical group CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 206010019909 Hernia Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ACTVGSHMHOBUBY-UHFFFAOYSA-I [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC ACTVGSHMHOBUBY-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical group FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1COC(=O)O1 OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005796 dehydrofluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl dichloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)(=O)=O YBBRCQOCSYXUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPOHIXYDQZCJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetraethylazanium tetrafluoride Chemical class C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC UPOHIXYDQZCJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/42—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
- B01J31/1825—Ligands comprising condensed ring systems, e.g. acridine, carbazole
- B01J31/183—Ligands comprising condensed ring systems, e.g. acridine, carbazole with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. phenanthroline
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
- B01J31/2295—Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/42—Catalytic cross-coupling, i.e. connection of previously not connected C-atoms or C- and X-atoms without rearrangement
- B01J2231/4277—C-X Cross-coupling, e.g. nucleophilic aromatic amination, alkoxylation or analogues
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/827—Iridium
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,包括以下步骤:将碳酸乙烯酯、有机溶剂、氟化四乙胺四氟化氢和铱配合物加入反应釜中搅拌混合,可见光条件下反应,反应后经纯化得到氟代碳酸乙烯酯。本发明的合成方法可以得到纯度99.4%‑99.7%的高纯FEC(氟代碳酸乙烯酯)。本发明的方法采用EC、氟化四乙胺四氟化氢作为原材料一步法合成FEC,合成路线短,后处理简单。且该方法制得氟代碳酸乙烯酯引入了光催化交叉偶联的绿色化学理念,提高合成方法的安全和环保指标。该方法制备的氟代碳酸乙烯酯的原料便宜,且催化剂使用寿命长,回收重复使用方便,节约成本,经济效益高。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种五元杂环碳氢键发生绿色无氢气受体的光催化交叉偶联反应,具体涉及到一种氟代碳酸乙烯酯的绿色合成方法。
背景技术:
锂离子电池具有电压高、能量密度大、循环性能好等优点被广泛用于电子产品、电动汽车及航天航空领域。电解液是锂离子电池的重要组成部分,改善电机恶性性能可以提高锂离子电池的循环寿命、高低温性、安全、电导率等多种性能。氟代碳酸乙烯酯由于含有电负性较好,半径较小的氟原子,而使其成为是一种锂离子电池电解液添加剂。其在电池内可以形成一层致密的SEI膜。其可以提高电池的循环稳定性和电解液的低温性能。
目前,氟代碳酸乙烯酯的工业化生产多采直接氟化或卤素交换的合成方法。前者氟气毒性大,收率低,对设备要求高。后者涉及到氯化试剂毒性比较大,产品分离纯化步骤复杂。
国际专利WO2004/076439中介绍EC和F2/N2混合气体直接反应制造FEC。此方法的合成时间长,原料毒性大,收率低,对反应设备要求高。
专利CN101210005A中报道了,氯代碳酸乙烯酯在相转移催化剂冠醚或PEG条件下,和金属或铵盐氟化物进行氟化反应,此方法的合成温度在90℃~110℃反应温度较高,固液两相反应产品分离步骤复杂,产生大量的固体废渣,且都进行了氯化,氯化试剂(氯气、磺酰氯、固体光气)的毒性比较大,安全系数低。
专利CN105566280A中以氟乙烯为氟源,在30~400℃,0.1~10Mpa压力下催化氟乙烯和氧气的方法合成氟代碳酸乙烯酯。此方法制备的氟代碳酸乙烯酯在高压密封的条件下进行,对设备的要求高。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是克服避免使用有毒试剂,提高安全和环保指标,引入无氢气受体的光催化交叉偶联反应的绿色环保化学理念。过渡金属在光照条件下实现了过渡金属离子能级跃迁,提高了FEC合成过程中EC的转化率和FEC的选择性。EC和氟化四乙胺四氟化氢为原料一步法合成氟代碳酸乙烯酯,原料价格便宜,缩短合成路线,后处理简单,反应的原子利用率高,节约成本,提高经济效益。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下方案:
本发明提供了一种氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,包括以下步骤:将碳酸乙烯酯、有机溶剂、氟化四乙胺四氟化氢和铱配合物加入反应釜中搅拌混合,可见光条件下反应,反应后经纯化得到氟代碳酸乙烯酯。反应式如下:
为进一步实现本发明目的,所述的铱的配合物为铱的六氟磷酸根配合物,选自(Ir|dF(CF3)ppy|2(bpy))PF6、(Ir|dF(CF3)ppy|2(phen))PF6、(Ir|dFppy|2(bpy))PF6、lr(ppy)2(bpy)]PF6中的一种,具体的化学式如下:
所述的铱配合物的用量为碳酸乙烯酯质量的3%~10%。优选7%~10%。
所述的碳酸乙烯酯与氟化四乙胺四氟化氢的物质的量比为0.8~1.0:0.4~0.8。优选0.8~1.0:0.7~0.8。进一步优选0.8:0.7。
所述的碳酸乙烯酯与有机溶剂的质量比为1:1~3。
所述的溶剂为极性非质子溶剂,为丙酮、乙腈、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、吡啶、二甲基亚砜中的一种。
所述的可见光光源为疝灯、LED灯或卤素灯。
所述的可见光光源的功率为90~500W,优选150W~500W;所述的可见光的波长为430~560nm,优选500~560nm。
所述的可见光条件下反应,其反应温度为10-70℃,优选60-70℃,反应时间为3-5h。
所述的反应后经纯化得到氟代碳酸乙烯酯具体为:反应后在3~10mmHg条件下进行蒸馏,收集66~95℃的馏分得到粗品,加入脱酸剂脱酸(脱氟化氢),过滤后,在3~10mmHg条件下进行精馏,收集66~95℃的馏分得到氟代碳酸乙烯酯。
所述FEC粗品脱氟化氢,使用的脱酸剂为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾中的一种或多种,优选碳酸氢钠和碳酸氢钾。
所述的FEC粗品后处理后,纯度可以达到99.4%以上。
本发明以EC和氟化四乙胺四氟化氢为原料,在光照及金属铱的六氟磷酸根配合物的催化作用下制备得到氟代碳酸乙烯酯。与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:(1)该方法制得氟代碳酸乙烯酯引入了光催化交叉偶联的绿色化学理念,提高合成方法的安全和环保指标;(2)该方法是用一步法制备氟代碳酸乙烯酯,合成路线短,后处理操作简单;(3)该方法制备的氟代碳酸乙烯酯的原料便宜,且催化剂回收重复使用方便,节约成本;(4)此类铱配合物催化剂使用寿命长,原料的原子利用率高,经济效益高。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细的说明,但不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
向500ml的高硼硅反应釜中加入88g AR级的EC(碳酸乙烯酯)、88g ACN(乙腈),230g氟化四乙胺四氟化氢和2.64g(Ir|dF(CF3)ppy|2(phen))PF6配合物(CAS:1639408-64-2),搅拌30min混合。用功率90W的疝灯,通过滤波镜选择波长430nm的光通入反应中,反应温度维持在10℃,反应3h。反应后在3mmHg条件下进行蒸馏,收集66~71℃的馏分得到GC含量80%的FEC粗品,加入5g的碳酸氢钠脱酸,过滤后,在3mmHg条件下进行精馏,收集66~71℃的馏分得到40g GC含量99.5%的FEC(氟代碳酸乙烯酯)。FEC的合成收率为43%。
实施例2
向500ml的高硼硅反应釜中加入88g AR级的EC、264g ACN(乙腈),450g氟化四乙胺四氟化氢和8.8g的(lr[dF(CF3)ppy]2(phen))PF6配合物(CAS:1639408-64-2),搅拌30min混合。用功率90W的疝灯,通过滤波镜选择波长430nm的光通入反应中,反应温度维持在10℃,反应3h。反应后在5mmHg条件下进行蒸馏,收集76~81℃的馏分得到GC含量83%的FEC粗品,加入5g的碳酸氢钠脱酸,过滤后,在5mmHg条件下进行精馏,收集76~81℃的馏分得到45gGC含量99.7%(GC)的FEC。FEC的合成收率为50%。
实施例3
向500ml的高硼硅反应釜中加入88g AR级的EC、264g ACN(乙腈),450g氟化四乙胺四氟化氢和8.8g的(lr[dF(CF3)ppy]2(bpy))PF6型配合物(CAS:1092775-62-6),搅拌30min混合。用功率150W的疝灯,通过滤波镜选择波长430nm的光通入反应中,反应温度维持在60℃,反应3h。反应后在4mmHg条件下进行蒸馏,收集71~77℃的馏分得到GC含量81%的FEC粗品,加入5g的碳酸氢钠脱酸,过滤后,在4mmHg条件下进行精馏,收集71~77℃的馏分得到50g GC含量99.4%的FEC。FEC的合成收率为55%。
实施例4
向500ml的高硼硅反应釜中加入88g AR级的EC、264g丙酮,450g氟化四乙胺四氟化氢和8.8g的(lr[dF(CF3)ppy]2(bpy))PF6型配合物(CAS:1092775-62-6),搅拌30min混合。用功率150W的LED灯,通过滤镜选择波长500nm的光通入反应中,反应温度维持在60℃,反应5h。反应后在8mmHg条件下进行蒸馏,收集85~90℃的馏分得到GC含量81%的FEC粗品,加入5.5g的碳酸氢钠脱酸,过滤后,在8mmHg条件下进行精馏,收集85~90℃的馏分得到53g GC含量99.6%的FEC。FEC的合成收率为59%。
实施例5
向500ml的高硼硅反应釜中加入88gAR级的EC、264g丙酮,450g氟化四乙胺四氟化氢和8.8g的(lr[dFppy]2(bpy))PF6型配合物(CAS:864163-80-4),搅拌30min混合。用功率150W的疝灯,通过滤波镜选择波长500nm的光通入反应中,反应温度维持在60℃,反应5h。反应后在7mmHg条件下进行蒸馏,收集83~88℃的馏分得到GC含量81%的FEC粗品,加入5g的碳酸氢钠脱酸,过滤后,在7mmHg条件下进行精馏,收集83~88℃的馏分得到60g含量99.6%(GC)的FEC。FEC的合成收率为66%。
实施例6
向500ml的高硼硅反应釜中加入88gAR级的EC、264g乙腈,450g氟化四乙胺四氟化氢和6.2g的(lr[dFppy]2(bpy))PF6型配合物(CAS:864163-80-4),搅拌30min混合。用功率150W的卤素灯,通过滤波镜选择波长560nm的光通入反应中,反应温度维持在70℃,反应5h。反应后在10mmHg条件下进行蒸馏,收集90~95℃的馏分得到GC含量84%的FEC粗品,加入6.2g的碳酸氢钠脱酸,过滤后,在10mmHg条件下进行精馏,收集90~95℃的馏分得到57g GC含量99.5%的FEC。FEC的合成收率为63%。
实施例7
向500ml的高硼硅反应釜中加入100g AR级的EC、300g乙腈,511g氟化四乙胺四氟化氢和7.1g的lr(ppy)2(bpy)]PF6钳型配合物(CAS:106294-60-4),搅拌30min混合。用功率500W的LED灯,通过滤波镜选择波长560nm的光通入反应中,反应温度维持在70℃,反应5h。反应后在5mmHg条件下进行蒸馏,收集76~81℃的馏分得到GC含量84%的FEC粗品,加入6.2g的碳酸氢钠脱酸,过滤后,在5mmHg条件下进行精馏,收集76~81℃的馏分得到65g GC含量99.5%的FEC。FEC的合成收率为64%。
对比例1
向250ml的高硼硅反应釜中加入50g AR级的EC、150g乙腈,255g氟化四乙胺四氟化氢,搅拌30min混合。用功率500W的LED灯,通过滤波镜选择波长560nm的光通入反应中,反应温度维持在70℃,反应5h。用19FNMR跟踪反应产物,无FEC生成。
对比例2
向250ml的高硼硅反应釜中加入44g AR级的EC、132g乙腈,225g氟化四乙胺四氟化氢和3.1g的lr(ppy)2(bpy)]PF6型配合物(CAS:106294-60-4),搅拌30min混合。反应温度维持在70℃,反应5h。反应后产物用19FNMR表征,EC的转化率为15%,FEC选择性为50%,FEC产率为7.5%。
Claims (10)
1.一种氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将碳酸乙烯酯、有机溶剂、氟化四乙胺四氟化氢和铱配合物加入反应釜中搅拌混合,可见光条件下反应,反应后经纯化得到氟代碳酸乙烯酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的铱配合物为(Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(bpy)PF6、(Ir[dF(CF3)ppy]2(phen)PF6、(Ir[dFppy]2(bpy)PF6、[Ir(ppy)2(bpy)]PF6中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的铱配合物的用量为碳酸乙烯酯质量的3%~10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的碳酸乙烯酯与氟化四乙胺四氟化氢的物质的量比为0.8~1.0:0.4~0.8。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的碳酸乙烯酯与有机溶剂的质量比为1:1~3。
6.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为乙腈或丙酮。
7.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的可见光光源为疝灯、LED灯或卤素灯。
8.根据权利要求7所述的氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的可见光光源的功率为90~500W,所述的可见光的波长为430~560nm。
9.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的可见光条件下反应,其反应温度为10-70℃,反应时间为3-5h。
10.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的氟代碳酸乙烯酯的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的反应后经纯化得到氟代碳酸乙烯酯具体为:反应后在3~10mmHg条件下进行蒸馏,收集66~95℃的馏分得到粗品,加入脱酸剂脱酸,过滤后,在3~10mmHg条件下进行精馏,收集66~95℃的馏分得到氟代碳酸乙烯酯。
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