CN113100330A - Method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughtering leftovers - Google Patents
Method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughtering leftovers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113100330A CN113100330A CN202110552167.9A CN202110552167A CN113100330A CN 113100330 A CN113100330 A CN 113100330A CN 202110552167 A CN202110552167 A CN 202110552167A CN 113100330 A CN113100330 A CN 113100330A
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- Prior art keywords
- feed
- fertilizer
- mixing
- later use
- preparing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughtering leftovers, which belongs to the technical field of livestock slaughtering leftovers recycling and comprises the following steps: (1) crushing treatment, (2) sterilization treatment, (3) fermentation treatment, (4) additive preparation, (5) feed preparation, and (6) fertilizer preparation. The invention provides a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering leftovers, which can well fully process and utilize the livestock slaughtering leftovers, and the livestock slaughtering leftovers are processed into finished feed and fertilizer, wherein the feed can be directly fed to the livestock, so that the grain culture cost is reduced, the fertilizer can be used for fertilizing crops, and the development of the crop industry is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock slaughtering leftover recycling, and particularly relates to a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering leftovers.
Background
With the rapid development of economy and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people in China, the demands on livestock products such as meat, eggs, milk, skin, hair, feather and the like are increasing day by day. This results in rapid development of livestock and poultry husbandry, increased variety of breeding, increased scale of breeding, and rapid increase of livestock and poultry number, and the demand for food crops for raising livestock and poultry is continuously increased. On one hand, a large amount of poultry and livestock are killed, and on the other hand, the feed demand is increased. According to the analysis of the sharp stone of the livestock breeding working station in the city of the Manchu Mongolian autonomous county in the enclosed area of Hebei province on the current situation of livestock breeding, the practical development problem still existing in the situation is pointed out. With the increasing of livestock industry and the continuous deterioration of environment, the existing waste treatment has defects. A large amount of processing leftovers can be generated when poultry and livestock are slaughtered, most leftovers can not be better reused, and sudden pollution and material waste are caused due to treatment such as landfill and the like; the sharp stones indicate that the livestock breeding farm is fed with artificially synthesized feed for accelerating the breeding cycle of livestock, the feed contains a large amount of mineral elements, various substances can be remained in the excrement of the livestock, if the fertilizer is excessively applied, the heavy metal content in the soil exceeds the load, the fertility is reduced, and the planting yield is influenced. Therefore, if the slaughter leftovers are reused, on one hand, the feedable natural feed is prepared, mineral elements in the feed are reduced, the influence on the soil fertility is avoided, and meanwhile, the feed requirement of the breeding industry can be relieved. On the other hand, the fertilizer can be prepared and fed back to the planting industry, and the development of the industry can be well promoted. At present, similar technical schemes are rarely disclosed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughtering leftovers.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughtering leftovers comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) crushing treatment:
putting the livestock slaughtering leftovers into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and obtaining a pulverized material for later use;
(2) and (3) sterilization treatment:
sterilizing the crushed material obtained in the step (1), and then performing solid-liquid natural stacking separation on the crushed material to obtain a liquid separated material and a solid separated material for later use;
further, the sterilization treatment in the step (2) adopts a heating treatment mode, and the heating temperature is controlled to be 80-90 ℃.
(3) Fermentation treatment:
a. inoculating composite zymocyte A to the liquid separated material obtained in the step (2), performing fermentation treatment for 20-25 h, and concentrating to obtain primary fermentation powder for later use;
b. inoculating composite zymocyte B to the solid separation material obtained in the step (2), performing fermentation treatment for 72-78 h, and then naturally stacking and separating again to obtain a separation solid and a separation liquid for later use;
c. concentrating the separated liquid obtained in the operation b into powder, and mixing the powder with the primary fermentation powder obtained in the operation a to obtain mixed powder for later use;
further, the inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte A in the operation a in the step (3) is 2-3% of the total mass of the liquid separation material; the composite zymocyte A is prepared by mixing bacillus beiLeisi, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus bulgaricus according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 1.5-2: 1: 1-1.2 mixing; and the temperature for controlling fermentation during fermentation treatment is 40-45 ℃.
Further, the inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte B in the operation B of the step (3) is 5-7% of the total mass of the solid separating material; the composite zymocyte B is prepared by correspondingly mixing lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes according to the mass ratio of 1.5-2: 1, mixing; and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃ during fermentation treatment.
(4) Preparing an additive:
mixing CAT compound feed additive, feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, peanut shell powder, corn bran and water to prepare an additive for later use;
(5) preparing a feed:
mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) and the additive obtained in the step (4) together to obtain a finished feed;
further, the preparation method of the CAT compound feed additive in the step (4) comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing noni, detoxified castor cake meal, sodium alginate and garlic, putting into a leaching solution, leaching for 4-6 hours, and then performing suction filtration to obtain a suction filtration solution for later use; naturally standing the suction filtration liquid obtained in the step one to obtain a separation liquid for later use; and thirdly, drying the separation liquid obtained in the second step to obtain the CAT compound feed additive. And when the calcium hydrophosphate, the peanut shell powder, the corn bran and the water are mixed, the corresponding weight ratio is 2-4: 7-10: 2-4: 1 to 2.
Further, the corresponding weight ratio of the noni fruits, the detoxified castor cake meal, the sodium alginate and the garlic in the step I is 1: 2-3: 3: 1; the leaching liquor consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 5-9 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 7-12 parts of cane sugar and 90-95 parts of edible alcohol; the volume concentration of the edible alcohol is 70-75%.
Further, the preparation method of the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate in the step (4) comprises the following steps: combining w (P)2O5) Not less than 50% of feed grade phosphoric acid and w (CaCO)3)60 to 65 percent of CaCO3The slurry is sent to a pre-reactor according to a certain feeding proportion and reacts at a certain temperature, and the slurry is obtained for standby after the reaction is finished; secondly, the slurry obtained in the first step is put into a mixing reaction granulator for granulation treatment to obtain wet granules for later use; putting the wet granules obtained in the step II into a dryer, and drying to obtain dry granules; fourthly, crushing and screening the dry particles obtained in the third step.
Further, the slurry w (CaCO3) in the step I is controlled to be 60-65%, the phosphoric acid w (P2O5) is controlled to be 50-60%, and the mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus is controlled to be 0.60-0.80; and step three, controlling the drying temperature of the material to be 70-80 ℃.
Further, when the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) in the step (5) and the additive obtained in the step (4) are mixed together, the corresponding weight ratio is 1:2 to 3.
(6) Preparing a fertilizer:
and (4) naturally airing and crushing the separated solid matter obtained in the step (3), and adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain a finished fertilizer.
Further, the preparation method of monopotassium phosphate described in the step (6) comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing thermal phosphoric acid (75-85%) with analytically pure potassium chloride in a certain proportion for later use. ② preparing cyclohexane and isoamyl alcohol with a certain proportion and mixing them for standby. Mixing the solution obtained in the first step and the second step with a device, and setting a certain stirrer rotating speed to obtain the treatment solution for later use. Fourthly, naturally standing the treatment liquid obtained in the third step for a certain time, separating and drying to obtain the potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the feeding molar ratio of phosphoric acid to potassium chloride in the step I is controlled to be 0.9-1.3: 1 to 1.5.
And further, the molar ratio of the cyclohexane to the isoamyl alcohol in the step II is controlled to be 1.2-1.4.
Further, the molar ratio of the solution mixing in the step III to the solution mixing in the step II is controlled to be 3-5: 1-3; the rotating speed of the stirrer ranges from 360rpm to 380 rpm.
The bacillus belief added into the composite zymocyte A can secrete various resolvases, antibacterial proteins, lipopeptide antibiotics, polyketide antibiotics, phytohormones and the like at the temperature of 40-45 ℃, wherein the resolvases can decompose macromolecular components such as proteins and fats into peptides and the like which are easy to absorb, so that rich nutrient components can be provided, and the phytohormones, the antibacterial proteins and the like can promote the growth of crops; the added bacillus subtilis can secrete a large amount of amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase and the like, effectively decomposes macromolecular components, provides a large amount of nutrient raw materials for feed and fertilizer, and simultaneously generates active substances such as bacterin and the like, can enhance the health of animal organisms, can purify the soil environment and plays a role in antibiosis and sterilization; the added lactobacillus bulgaricus can ferment and decompose lactose, the generated glucose and galactose can provide a large amount of energy sources for animals and plants, and the generated special flavor can also enhance the food calling property of the feed.
The lactobacillus added in the compound zymocyte B can generate specific organic acid, special enzyme system, acidomycin and other substances by fermenting and decomposing carbohydrate, thereby not only promoting the growth of animals, regulating the normal flora of gastrointestinal tract, maintaining the micro-ecological balance, improving the food digestibility and biological value, but also playing the role of inhibiting and killing various harmful germs; the added saccharomycetes can improve the flavor of the feed, promote the absorption of animals on elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron and the like, and improve the utilization value of the feed.
The CAT compound feed additive comprises noni, detoxified castor cake meal, sodium alginate, garlic and the like, wherein the noni is beneficial to promoting the blood circulation of animals and promoting the metabolism of organisms; after the detoxified castor cake is separated from the shell meal, the detoxified castor cake contains more than 45.00 percent of protein and various amino acids, has better palatability, higher available energy and higher capability of promoting the growth and development of animals, and simultaneously, the castor cake meal is used as an inorganic fertilizer to be applied to soil and then converted into ammonium nitrate salt which can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, improves N, P, K major elements in the soil, can become an organic and inorganic mixed fertilizer to obviously improve the physicochemical property of the soil and improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil; the allicin in the garlic can help to digest food better, can obviously improve the adaptability of poultry to feed, can make the appetite of the poultry better so as to improve the yield, can promote the peristalsis of intestines and stomach, can improve the probability of weight gain and feed utilization, and thus improve strong food calling effect; under the synergistic effect of the raw material components, the feed additive can obviously improve the performance of livestock and poultry, well improve the breeding benefit, is nontoxic and harmless to soil, even can improve the soil condition, and has popularization and application values.
The feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate is added to replace bone meal in the feed industry, and is used as a supplement of animal auxiliary materials calcium and phosphorus, so that the feed digestibility can be promoted, the weight of poultry can be increased, and the meat yield, the milk yield and the egg yield can be increased. The added calcium carbonate neutralizes part of the acidifier, so that the pH value and the acidity of the larval fish feed are increased, and the effect of increasing the particle crystallization is achieved, thereby better providing mineral substance nutrition such as phosphorus, calcium and the like for the livestock and poultry compound feed, and ensuring that the livestock and poultry are easy to digest and absorb; accelerating the growth and development of livestock and poultry, shortening the fattening period and quickly increasing weight; the breeding rate and the survival rate of the livestock and poultry are improved, the disease and cold resistance of the livestock and poultry are enhanced, and the feed additive has the effects of preventing and treating chondropathy, white diarrhea and paralysis diseases of the livestock and poultry.
The fertilizer added with the monopotassium phosphate can become an excellent quick-acting phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. After the fertilizer is applied at a critical moment, the fertilizer can quickly make up the requirement of crops on phosphorus and potassium, and can play a special role in a special physiological period of the crops. (1) Promoting photosynthesis: the potassium element plays a role in enhancing crop photosynthesis and accelerating nutrient substance manufacture and transformation in crop growth. (2) Improve the stress resistance of crops. The monopotassium phosphate can improve the stress resistance of crops, such as drought resistance, dry hot wind resistance, waterlogging resistance, freezing resistance, damage resistance, healing promotion, disease infection resistance and the like. (3) Improve the quality of the fruit. The spraying in the fruit expanding period can play the roles of protecting and strengthening fruits, promoting fruit expansion, improving fruit quality, increasing coloring, improving taste and the like. (4) Regulating the growth of crops. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate has the function of a regulator, can promote flower bud differentiation of crops, increase the number of blossoms, make the buds rich and strong, strengthen the flowers and preserve the fruits, improve the fruit setting rate and effectively promote the growth and development of root systems. The fertilizer is a high-concentration phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and a high-quality chlorine-free potassium fertilizer, is suitable for various grains, vegetables and economic crops, such as wheat, millet, corn, rice, cotton, peanut, sorghum, eggplant, tomato, potato and the like, and has obvious yield increase effect. 1-1.5 potassium dihydrogen phosphate is generally used per mu, seeds are soaked, leaf surfaces are sprayed or roots are irrigated, and the yield of rice and wheat can be increased by about 20%.
The separated solid generated after fermentation also contains a large amount of nutrient components, and after fermentation and decomposition, the material is fully degraded, and after being used as a fertilizer applied to soil, the fertilizer can be quickly decomposed and utilized by bacteria in the soil, so that the use value is higher and better.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering leftovers, which can well fully process and utilize the livestock slaughtering leftovers, and the livestock slaughtering leftovers are processed into finished feed and fertilizer, wherein the feed can be directly fed to the livestock, so that the grain culture cost is reduced, the fertilizer can be used for fertilizing crops, and the development of the crop industry is promoted.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughtering leftovers comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) crushing treatment:
putting the livestock slaughtering leftovers into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and obtaining a pulverized material for later use;
(2) and (3) sterilization treatment:
and (2) sterilizing the crushed material obtained in the step (1), and then performing solid-liquid natural stacking separation on the crushed material to obtain a liquid separated material and a solid separated material for later use.
The sterilization treatment in the step (2) adopts a heating mode, and the heating temperature is controlled at 80 ℃.
(3) Fermentation treatment:
a. inoculating composite zymocyte A to the liquid separated material obtained in the step (2), performing fermentation treatment for 20 hours, and concentrating to obtain primary fermentation powder for later use;
b. inoculating composite zymocyte B to the solid separated material obtained in the step (2), performing fermentation treatment for 72 hours, and then naturally stacking and separating again to obtain a separated solid and a separated liquid for later use;
c. concentrating the separated liquid obtained in the operation b into powder, and mixing the powder with the primary fermentation powder obtained in the operation a to obtain mixed powder for later use;
(4) preparing an additive:
mixing CAT compound feed additive, feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, peanut shell powder, corn bran and water to prepare an additive for later use;
(5) preparing a feed:
mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) and the additive obtained in the step (4) together to obtain a finished feed;
(6) preparing a fertilizer:
and (4) naturally airing and crushing the separated solid matter obtained in the step (3), and adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain a finished fertilizer.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte A in the operation a in the step (3) is 2 percent of the total mass of the liquid separating material; the composite zymocyte A is prepared by mixing bacillus belgii, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus bulgaricus according to the corresponding ratio of 1.5: 1: 1, mixing; the temperature of fermentation was controlled to 40 ℃ during the fermentation treatment.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte B in the operation B in the step (3) is 5 percent of the total mass of the solid separating material; the compound zymocyte B is prepared by correspondingly mixing lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes according to the mass ratio of 1.5: 1, mixing; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 35 ℃ during the fermentation treatment.
The preparation method of the CAT compound feed additive in the step (4) comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing noni, detoxified castor cake meal, sodium alginate and garlic, putting into a leaching solution, performing ultrasonic leaching treatment for 4 hours, and performing suction filtration to obtain a suction filtration solution for later use; naturally standing the suction filtration liquid obtained in the step one to obtain a separation liquid for later use; and thirdly, drying the separation liquid obtained in the second step to obtain the CAT compound feed additive.
Mixing noni, detoxified castor cake meal, sodium alginate and garlic in a weight ratio of 1: 2: 3: 1; the leaching liquor consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 7 parts of cane sugar and 90 parts of edible alcohol; the volume concentration of the edible alcohol is 70%.
The preparation method of the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate in the step (4) comprises the following steps: firstly, the following steps are carried outw(P2O5) Is 50 percent of feed-grade phosphoric acid and w (CaCO)3) 60% CaCO3Sending the slurry into a pre-reactor according to a certain feeding proportion for reaction, and obtaining slurry for later use after the reaction is finished; secondly, the slurry obtained in the first step is put into a mixing reaction granulator for granulation treatment to obtain wet granules for later use; putting the wet granules obtained in the step II into a dryer, and drying to obtain dry granules; fourthly, crushing and screening the dry particles obtained in the third step.
In the step (i), the phosphoric acid w (P2O5) is 50%, the slurry w (CaCO3) is 60%, and the mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus is 0.60.
Further, the drying temperature of the material in the third step is controlled to be 70 ℃.
When the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, the peanut shell powder, the corn bran and the water are mixed in the step (4), the corresponding weight ratio is 2: 7: 2: 1.
when the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) in the step (5) and the additive obtained in the step (4) are mixed together, the corresponding weight ratio is 1:2.
the preparation method of the monopotassium phosphate in the step (6) comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing thermal phosphoric acid (75-85%) with analytically pure potassium chloride in a certain proportion for later use. ② preparing cyclohexane and isoamyl alcohol with a certain proportion and mixing them for standby. Mixing the solution obtained in the first step and the second step with a device, and setting a certain stirrer rotation speed to obtain the treatment solution for later use. Fourthly, naturally standing the treatment liquid obtained in the third step for a certain time, separating and drying to obtain the potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the molar ratio of the phosphoric acid to the potassium chloride in the step (i) is controlled to be 0.9: 1.
furthermore, the molar ratio of the cyclohexane to the isoamyl alcohol in the step (II) is controlled to be 1.2.
Further, the molar ratio of the solution mixing in the step (III) and the step (II) is controlled to be 3: 1; the rotating speed of the stirrer is controlled to be 360 rpm.
Example 2
A method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughtering leftovers comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) crushing treatment:
putting the livestock slaughtering leftovers into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and obtaining a pulverized material for later use;
(2) and (3) sterilization treatment:
sterilizing the crushed material obtained in the step (1), and then performing solid-liquid natural stacking separation on the crushed material to obtain a liquid separated material and a solid separated material for later use;
(3) fermentation treatment:
a. inoculating composite zymocyte A to the liquid separated material obtained in the step (2), performing fermentation treatment for 23 hours, and concentrating to obtain primary fermentation powder for later use;
b. inoculating composite zymocyte B to the solid separated material obtained in the step (2), performing natural stacking separation again after fermentation treatment for 76h, and obtaining separated solid and separated liquid for later use;
c. concentrating the separated liquid obtained in the operation b into powder, and mixing the powder with the primary fermentation powder obtained in the operation a to obtain mixed powder for later use;
(4) preparing an additive:
mixing CAT compound feed additive, feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, peanut shell powder, corn bran and water to prepare an additive for later use;
(5) preparing a feed:
mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) and the additive obtained in the step (4) together to obtain a finished feed;
(6) preparing a fertilizer:
naturally airing and crushing the separated solid matter obtained in the step (3), and adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to obtain the finished fertilizer.
The sterilization treatment in the step (2) adopts a heating mode, and the heating temperature is controlled at 85 ℃.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte A in the operation a in the step (3) is 2.5 percent of the total mass of the liquid separating material; the composite zymocyte A is prepared by mixing bacillus beiLeisi, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus bulgaricus according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 1.8: 1: 1.1 mixing; the temperature for fermentation was controlled at 42 ℃ during the fermentation treatment.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte B in the operation B in the step (3) is 6 percent of the total mass of the solid separating material; the compound zymocyte B is prepared by correspondingly mixing lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes according to the mass ratio of 1.8: 1, mixing; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 38 ℃ during the fermentation treatment.
The preparation method of the CAT compound feed additive in the step (4) comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing noni, detoxified castor cake meal, sodium alginate and garlic, putting into a leaching solution, carrying out ultrasonic leaching treatment for 5 hours, and then carrying out suction filtration to obtain a suction filtration solution for later use; naturally standing the suction filtration liquid obtained in the step one to obtain a separation liquid for later use; and thirdly, drying the separation liquid obtained in the second step to obtain the CAT compound feed additive.
Further, the corresponding weight ratio of the noni, the detoxified castor cake meal, the sodium alginate and the garlic in the step I is 1: 2.5: 3: 1; the leaching liquor consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 7 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10 parts of cane sugar and 92 parts of edible alcohol; the volume concentration of the edible alcohol is 73%.
The preparation method of the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate in the step (4) comprises the following steps: combining w (P)2O5) 55% of feed-grade phosphoric acid and w (CaCO)3) 63% of CaCO3Sending the slurry into a pre-reactor according to a certain feeding proportion for reaction, and obtaining slurry for later use after the reaction is finished; secondly, the slurry obtained in the first step is put into a mixing reaction granulator for granulation treatment to obtain wet granules for later use; putting the wet granules obtained in the step II into a dryer, and drying to obtain dry granules; fourthly, crushing and screening the dry particles obtained in the third step.
Further, phosphoric acid w (P) described in step (r)2O5) Control is 55 percent, and the slurry w (CaCO)3) The mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus is controlled to be 0.69 and is controlled to be 63 percent.
Further, the drying temperature of the material in the third step is controlled to be 75 ℃.
And (4) blending the CAT compound feed additive, the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, the peanut shell powder, the corn bran and the water in a corresponding weight ratio of 4: 3: 8: 3: 1.5.
when the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) in the step (5) and the additive obtained in the step (4) are mixed together, the corresponding weight ratio is 1: 2.6.
the preparation method of the monopotassium phosphate in the step (6) comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing thermal phosphoric acid (75-85%) with analytically pure potassium chloride in a certain proportion for later use. ② preparing cyclohexane and isoamyl alcohol with a certain proportion and mixing them for standby. Mixing the solution obtained in the first step and the second step in a device, and setting a certain stirrer rotation speed to obtain the treatment solution for later use. Fourthly, naturally standing the treatment liquid obtained in the third step for a certain time, separating and drying to obtain the potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the molar ratio of the phosphoric acid to the potassium chloride in the step (i) is controlled to be 1.1: 1.2.
further, the molar ratio of the cyclohexane to the isoamyl alcohol in the step (II) is controlled to be 1.3.
Further, the molar ratio of the solution mixing in the step (III) and the step (II) is controlled to be 4: 2; the rotation speed of the stirrer is controlled to be 370 rpm.
Example 3
A method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughtering leftovers comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) crushing treatment:
putting the livestock slaughtering leftovers into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and obtaining a pulverized material for later use;
(2) and (3) sterilization treatment:
sterilizing the crushed material obtained in the step (1), and then performing solid-liquid natural stacking separation on the crushed material to obtain a liquid separated material and a solid separated material for later use;
the sterilization treatment in the step (2) adopts a heating treatment mode, and the heating temperature is controlled at 90 ℃.
(3) Fermentation treatment:
a. inoculating composite zymocyte A to the liquid centrifugal material obtained in the step (2), performing fermentation treatment for 25 hours, and concentrating to obtain primary fermentation powder for later use;
b. inoculating composite zymocyte B to the solid centrifugal material obtained in the step (2), performing fermentation treatment for 78 hours, and then naturally stacking and separating again to obtain a solid separated substance and a liquid separated substance for later use;
c. concentrating the filtrate obtained in the operation b into powder, and mixing the concentrated powder with the primary fermentation powder obtained in the operation a to obtain mixed powder for later use;
(4) preparing an additive:
mixing CAT compound feed additive, feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, calcium carbonate, peanut shell powder, corn bran and water to prepare an additive for later use;
(5) preparing a feed:
mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) and the additive obtained in the step (4) together to obtain a finished feed;
(6) preparing a fertilizer:
and (4) naturally airing and crushing the filtered solid obtained in the step (3), and adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to obtain a finished fertilizer.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte A in the operation a in the step (3) is 3 percent of the total mass of the liquid centrifugal material; the composite zymocyte A is prepared by mixing Bacillus belgii, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 2: 1: 1.2 mixing; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 45 ℃ during the fermentation treatment.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte B in the operation B in the step (3) is 7 percent of the total mass of the solid centrifugal material; the compound zymocyte B is prepared by correspondingly mixing lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes according to the mass ratio of 2: 1, mixing; the temperature for controlling fermentation during the fermentation treatment is 40 ℃.
The preparation method of the CAT compound feed additive in the step (4) comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing noni, detoxified castor cake meal, sodium alginate and garlic, putting into a leaching solution, performing ultrasonic leaching treatment for 6 hours, and performing suction filtration to obtain a suction filtration solution for later use; naturally standing the suction filtration liquid obtained in the step one to obtain a separation liquid for later use; freeze drying the separating liquid to obtain composite CAT feed additive; the freezing temperature during the freeze drying treatment is controlled to be-22 ℃.
Further, the corresponding weight ratio of the noni, the detoxified castor cake meal, the sodium alginate and the garlic in the step I is 1: 3: 3: 1; the leaching liquor consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 9 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 12 parts of cane sugar and 95 parts of edible alcohol; the volume concentration of the edible alcohol is 75%.
The preparation method of the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate in the step (4) comprises the following steps: combining w (P)2O5) 60% of feed-grade phosphoric acid and w (CaCO)3) Is 65% CaCO3Sending the slurry into a pre-reactor according to a certain feeding proportion for reaction, and obtaining slurry for later use after the reaction is finished; secondly, the slurry obtained in the first step is put into a mixing reaction granulator for granulation treatment to obtain wet granules for later use; putting the wet granules obtained in the step II into a dryer, and drying to obtain dry granules; fourthly, crushing and screening the dry particles obtained in the third step.
Further, the slurry w (CaCO) described in step (i)3) 65% of the phosphoric acid w (P)2O5)60 percent and the mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus is controlled to be 0.80.
Further, the drying temperature of the material in the third step is controlled to be 80 ℃.
The CAT compound feed additive, the feed grade calcium hydrophosphate, the calcium carbonate, the peanut shell powder, the corn bran and the water in the step (4) are mixed according to the corresponding weight ratio of 5: 4: 10: 4: 2.
when the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) in the step (5) and the additive obtained in the step (4) are mixed together, the corresponding weight ratio is 1: 3.
the preparation method of the monopotassium phosphate in the step (6) comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing thermal phosphoric acid (75-85%) with analytically pure potassium chloride in a certain proportion for later use. ② preparing cyclohexane and isoamyl alcohol with a certain proportion and mixing them for standby. Mixing the solutions obtained in the first step and the second step with a device, and setting a certain rotating speed to obtain a treatment solution for later use. Fourthly, naturally standing the treatment liquid obtained in the third step for a certain time, separating and drying to obtain the potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the molar ratio of the phosphoric acid to the potassium chloride in the step (i) is controlled to be 1.3: 1.5.
and further, the molar ratio of the cyclohexane to the isoamyl alcohol in the step II is controlled to be 1.4.
Further, the molar ratio of the solution mixing in the step (III) and the step (II) is controlled to be 5: 3; the rotating speed of the stirrer is controlled to be 380 rpm.
According to the preparation method, the used zymophyte can fully decompose beneficial components such as protein, polysaccharide, fat and the like in the livestock slaughtering leftovers into micromolecules easy to absorb, and then the micromolecules are prepared into the feed and the fertilizer, so that the absorption effect can be improved, the slaughtering leftovers can be more fully utilized, and the method is green, safe, easy to popularize and high in market competitiveness.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the example 1, the difference of the comparative example 1 is that only the CAT compound feed additive obtained in the step (4) is used in the preparation of the feed, and the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, calcium carbonate, peanut shell powder, corn bran and water mixing components are not added.
In order to compare the effects of the present invention, the feed prepared according to the above example 1 and comparative example 1 was fed to fish, and it was found that the conversion rate of the fish fed according to the example 1 was increased by about 2% and 8% respectively, the discharge rate of dry matter and nitrogen was reduced by about 12% and 4% respectively, the diarrhea rate was reduced by about 37% and the incidence rate was reduced by 50% or more, compared to the feed of the comparative example 1. Therefore, the feed prepared by the invention has good utilization and popularization values.
For comparing the effects of the present invention, the contents of the components of the additive containing the CAT compound feed additive prepared in example 1 and the additive containing no peanut shell and corn husk prepared in comparative example 1 were compared, and the specific comparison data are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Comparative example 2
This comparative example 2 is different from example 2 only in that only the additive obtained in step (4) is used in preparing the feed, and the powdery material mixture component is not added.
In order to compare the effects of the present invention, the feed prepared according to the above example 2 and comparative example 2 was fed to fish, and it was found that the feed conversion ratio of the fish fed according to the example 2 was increased by about 3% and 5%, the discharge amount of dry matter and nitrogen was decreased by about 10% and 3%, the diarrhea rate was decreased by about 32% and the incidence rate was decreased by 40% or more, respectively, compared to the comparative example 2. Therefore, the feed prepared by the invention has good application prospect.
Comparative example 3
The existing commonly used nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer (Lesiviet is taken as an example).
In order to compare the effects of the invention, the fertilizers prepared in the above examples 3 and 3 are used in the planting production of wheat, and it is found that the nitrogen fixation capacity of the wheat planted in the example 3 is improved by about 10%, the capacity of the plant for rapidly synthesizing substances such as protein and chlorophyll is improved by about 5%, and the overall resistance of the plant can be improved compared with the wheat planted in the comparative example 3. Secondly, the water retention capacity of the soil is enhanced by 6 percent; when microorganisms in the fertilizer move, the soil loosening degree and the porosity can be improved, the volume weight of the soil can be reduced by about 13%, and the porosity is increased by 10.5%. The fertilizer obtained in the example 3 can reduce the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of plants by about 25% per mu yield and about 45% per mu disease rate by improving the biological properties of soil, and has better use effect and higher popularization and application value. The contents of the conventional NPK compound fertilizer (Lesivede for example) and the compound fertilizer prepared in example 3 are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Fertilizer name | Nitrogen (N) | Phosphorus (P) | Potassium (K) |
| Example 3 Fertilizer | 33～38％ | 26～28％ | 17～19％ |
| Lesiviet | 17～18％ | 15～16％ | 18～19％ |
Comparative example 4
This comparative example 4 is a way of processing the livestock slaughtering leftovers: and performing natural composting fermentation treatment for 6-8 days according to a conventional mode to obtain a fermented material.
To compare the effects of the present invention, the isolated solid obtained in example 4 above and the fermented material obtained in comparative example 4 were compared for odor, and the specific comparison data are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3
Note: the odor intensity described in table 3 above amounts to 5 grades, with 0 grade representing no odor, 1 grade representing barely perceptible mild odor (sensory threshold concentration level), 2 grade representing readily perceptible mild odor (identification threshold concentration level), 2.5 to 3.5 grades representing noticeable odor, 4 grades representing strong odor, 5 grades representing intolerable strong odor, and the higher the number the more noticeable the odor. As can be seen from Table 3, the treatment of the complex fermentation flora A and B of the invention can obviously reduce the odor degree of the slaughtered livestock leftovers, so that the livestock leftovers become a novel environment-friendly biological fertilizer.
The lowest concentration of smelling substances becomes the odor threshold concentration, the odorless water sample is added to continuously dilute the odorless water sample until the dilution multiple of the concentration of smelling odor is called as the odor threshold value,
as can be seen from Table 3, the treatment of the complex fermentation flora A and B can obviously reduce the odor threshold of the leftovers after slaughtering the livestock, and control the harmful gas of the leftovers after slaughtering the livestock.
As shown in Table 3, the odor emission intensity is equal to the odor concentration multiplied by the odor emission amount, the treatment of the composite fermentation flora A and B can obviously reduce the odor emission intensity of slaughter leftovers of livestock and poultry, improve the environmental quality of organic farmlands, and is a safe, clean and harmless production mode.
Comparative example 5
The difference between the comparative example 5 and the common fish feed is that the feed prepared by the invention uses the CAT compound feed additive obtained in the step (4), the peanut shell powder, the corn bran, the water mixed additive and the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate.
In order to compare the effects of the invention, the feed prepared by the method in the comparative example 5 and the common fish feed are fed to fish, and the result shows that the fish fed by the method in the comparative example 5 can be effectively shortened by 5-10 days compared with the common animal feed, so that the weight of the fish can be rapidly increased; meanwhile, the breeding rate of the fish is improved by about 10-15%, and the survival rate is improved by 2-3%. From table 3, it can be seen that the calcium phosphate of feed grade has higher content of nutrient elements such as calcium and phosphorus, can promote feed digestion, easily enter animal body and participate in metabolism, constitute hormones, enzymes and vitamins required by the body, and maintain the phosphorus-calcium ratio in bones, thereby preventing various diseases caused by calcium deficiency of animals, simultaneously promoting the rapid growth of animal body, increasing the weight of poultry, increasing meat yield, milk yield and egg yield, and simultaneously treating rickets, osteomalacia, anemia and the like of livestock.
To compare the effects of the present invention, the contents of the feed grade calcium hydrogen phosphate additive prepared in example 2 and the additive prepared in comparative example 5 were compared, and the specific comparison data are shown in the following table 4:
TABLE 4
Test example 1
1. In the test, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solutions with different concentrations are sprayed at the late booting stage and the full heading stage of the rice respectively.
Group A1: spraying a conventional fertilizer for rice to the late booting stage and the heading leveling stage of the rice;
group A2: respectively spraying a conventional fertilizer for rice and monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 50 g/mu in the example 1 to the late booting stage and the full heading stage of the rice;
group A3: conventional fertilizer for rice and monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 100 g/mu in the example 1 are respectively sprayed to the late booting stage and the full heading stage of the rice;
group A4: conventional fertilizer for rice and monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 150 g/mu in the example 1 are respectively sprayed on the late booting stage and the full heading stage of the rice;
group A5: conventional fertilizer for rice and monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 200 g/mu in the example 1 are respectively sprayed to the late booting stage and the full heading stage of the rice;
2. all tests are carried out on rice in the same growth environment, and the plant height, the ear length, the effective ear number, the ear grain number, the maturing rate, the thousand grain weight, the actual yield and the yield increase rate of the rice are recorded through investigation;
3. the results of the tests are shown in table 5 below:
TABLE 5
As can be seen from Table 5, the spraying of monopotassium phosphate can improve the rice yield by 0.10% -2.58%, wherein the spraying of monopotassium phosphate 200 g/mu at the late booting stage and the full heading stage respectively increases the rice yield by 2.83%. The spraying of the monopotassium phosphate can enhance the photosynthetic capacity of the rice and improve the earning rate; promoting grain filling in the mature period, improving the seed setting rate and the thousand seed weight, and further improving the rice yield.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughtering leftovers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) crushing treatment:
putting the livestock slaughtering leftovers into a pulverizer for pulverizing, and obtaining a pulverized material for later use;
(2) and (3) sterilization treatment:
sterilizing the crushed material obtained in the step (1), and then performing solid-liquid natural stacking separation on the crushed material to obtain a liquid separated material and a solid separated material for later use;
(3) fermentation treatment:
a. inoculating composite zymocyte A to the liquid separated material obtained in the step (2), performing fermentation treatment for 20-25 h, and concentrating to obtain primary fermentation powder for later use;
b. inoculating composite zymocyte B to the solid separation material obtained in the step (2), performing fermentation treatment for 72-78 h, and then naturally stacking and separating again to obtain a separation solid and a separation liquid for later use;
c. concentrating the separated liquid obtained in the operation b into powder, and mixing the powder with the primary fermentation powder obtained in the operation a to obtain mixed powder for later use;
(4) preparing an additive:
mixing CAT compound feed additive, feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, peanut shell powder, corn bran and water to prepare an additive for later use;
(5) preparing a feed:
mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) and the additive obtained in the step (4) together to obtain a finished feed;
(6) preparing a fertilizer:
naturally airing and crushing the separated solid obtained in the step (3), and adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate to obtain the finished fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing the feed and the fertilizer by using the livestock slaughtering leftovers according to the claim 1, characterized in that the inoculation amount of the compound zymophyte A in the operation a in the step (3) is 2-3% of the total mass of the liquid centrifugal material; the composite zymocyte A is prepared by mixing bacillus beiLeisi, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus bulgaricus according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 1.5-2: 1: 1-1.2 mixing; and the temperature for controlling fermentation during fermentation treatment is 40-45 ℃. The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte B in the operation B in the step (3) is 5-7% of the total mass of the solid centrifugal material; the composite zymocyte B is prepared by correspondingly mixing lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes according to the mass ratio of 1.5-2: 1, mixing; and controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃ during fermentation treatment.
3. The method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using the livestock slaughtering leftovers according to the claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the CAT compound feed additive in the step (4) comprises the following steps: mixing and crushing noni, detoxified castor cake meal, sodium alginate and garlic, putting into a leaching solution, leaching for 4-6 hours, and then performing suction filtration to obtain a suction filtration solution for later use; secondly, naturally stacking the suction filtration liquid obtained in the step one to obtain separation liquid for later use; and thirdly, drying the separation liquid obtained in the second step to obtain the CAT compound feed additive.
4. The method for preparing the feed and the fertilizer by using the livestock slaughtering leftovers according to claim 1, wherein the corresponding weight ratio of the noni fruits, the detoxified castor cake meal, the sodium alginate and the garlic in the step (i) is 1: 2-3: 3: 1; the leaching liquor consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 5-9 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 7-12 parts of cane sugar and 90-95 parts of edible alcohol; the volume concentration of the edible alcohol is 70-75%. And when the calcium hydrophosphate, the peanut shell powder, the corn bran and the water are mixed, the corresponding weight ratio is 2-4: 7-10: 2-4: 1 to 2.
5. The method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using the livestock slaughtering leftovers according to the claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate in the step (4) comprises the following steps: combining w (P)2O5) Not less than 50% of feed grade phosphoric acid and w (CaCO)3)60 to 65 percent of CaCO3Sending the slurry into a pre-reactor according to a certain feeding proportion for reaction, and obtaining slurry for later use after the reaction is finished; secondly, the slurry obtained in the first step is put into a mixing reaction granulator for granulation treatment to obtain wet granules for later use; putting the wet granules obtained in the step II into a dryer, and drying to obtain dry granules; fourthly, crushing and screening the dry particles obtained in the third step.
6. The method for preparing the feed and the fertilizer by using the livestock slaughtering leftovers according to claim 1, wherein the calcium-phosphorus mass ratio in the step (i) is controlled to be 0.60-0.80, and the temperature of reaction raw materials is controlled to be 50-60 ℃; and step three, controlling the drying temperature of the material to be 70-80 ℃.
7. The method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using the livestock slaughtering leftovers according to the claim 1, characterized in that the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) in the step (5) and the additive obtained in the step (4) are mixed together in a weight ratio of 1:2 to 3.
8. The method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using the livestock slaughtering leftovers according to the claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the monopotassium phosphate in the step (6) comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing thermal phosphoric acid (75-85%) with analytically pure potassium chloride for later use; preparing cyclohexane and isoamylol in certain proportion and mixing; mixing the solution obtained in the first step and the second step with a device, and setting a certain rotating speed to obtain a treatment solution for later use; fourthly, the treating fluid obtained in the third step is naturally piled up and treated for a certain time, and is separated and dried to obtain the potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble fertilizer.
9. The method for preparing the feed and the fertilizer by using the livestock slaughtering leftovers according to the claim 1, characterized in that the feeding molar ratio of the phosphoric acid to the potassium chloride in the step (r) is controlled to be 0.9-1.3: 1 to 1.5; controlling the molar ratio of the cyclohexane to the isoamyl alcohol in the second step to be 1.2-1.4; the step III and the step II are mixed, wherein the molar ratio of the solution mixing is controlled to be 3-5: 1-3; the rotating speed of the stirrer is controlled to be 360-380 rpm.
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