CN101897383B - Method for removing cotton rapeseed meal toxicant by fermentation method and enhancing nutrient value thereof, feeding fermented cotton rapeseed meal protein feedstock and applications thereof - Google Patents
Method for removing cotton rapeseed meal toxicant by fermentation method and enhancing nutrient value thereof, feeding fermented cotton rapeseed meal protein feedstock and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing cotton rapeseed meal toxicant by fermentation method and enhancing nutrient value thereof, a feeding fermented cotton rapeseed meal protein feedstock and applications thereof. The method comprises the steps that: cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal are mixed, the mixture is first added with feedstock water and complex enzyme preparation, and then inoculated with microorganism strain capable of producing protease bacteria or/and lactic acid bacteria as well as decomposing glucosinolate or/and gossypol, then fermentation is performed to obtain treated cotton rapeseed meal so as to obtain nontoxic, highly-nutrient feeding fermented cotton rapeseed meal protein feedstock, and the feeding fermented cotton rapeseed meal protein feedstock is used as protein feedstock component to form cotton rapeseed meal animal feed according to 15% of the addition proportion. Using modern biological technology, the method solves the problems of low utilization rate of cotton rapeseed meal, small amount of addition in the feed, the presence of toxicant and the like, and eases the strain on feed protein in our country.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of biological fermentation, particularly relate to a kind of fermentation method and remove cotton dish dregs of rice poisonous substance and the method that improves nutritive value, and the nontoxic feeding fermented cotton dish cake protein raw material of high-quality.
Background technology
According to scholarly forecast, the year two thousand thirty China's population reached the top at 1,600,000,000 o'clock, the aggregate demand of grain is 7.43 hundred million tons, surpasses 50% of present production capacity.Simultaneously cultivated area further dwindles, and approximately has only present 80%.Though the relevant expert points out that through increasing multiple crop index and utilizing science and technology to improve per unit area yield, China's grain yield is expected to reach 7.1 hundred million tons in the year two thousand thirty, this still has obvious parameter.To, the year two thousand twenty, the year two thousand thirty in 2010,38%, 43%, 50% of China's grain raw grain demand will be as feed.We can say that the food problem that 21 century is Chinese is actually the required feed grain problem of aquaculture that solves.
The development of China's feed and feed resource be the not enough contradiction of protein resource especially
The 60-80% of animal husbandry total production cost is from feed, and feed industry is the important step and the basis of animal husbandry.China's feed industry the 23rd of rank in 38 industrial trades of whole nation statistics becomes important foundation industry new in the national economy.China's feed industry total output broke through 1.4 hundred million tons of high pointes in 2009, was only second to the U.S., was second-biggest-in-the-world Feed Manufacturing state.The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period China will welcome the gold period of growth of the national economic, and country makes great efforts the exploitation feed resource, increases forage yield, improves feed efficiency continuing to greatly develop feed industry, advances the good and fast development of animal husbandry economy.
A current key factor that influences China's animal husbandry development speed and quality is the feedstuff insufficient total amount.The primary raw material of feed industry is cereal materials (accounting for 60%), protein raw material (accounting for 30%) and additive etc.Because the national conditions that China has a large population and a few land; The uneven contradiction of grain, economy and forage crop ternary pattern of farming can't effectively be solved for a long time; Raw material supply becomes the bottleneck of feed industrial development; Especially the protein feeds insufficient raw material is now, also is in the future the most important factor of restriction China feed industrial development.
At present, the protide raw material of China's feed industry use mainly comprises vegetable protein, animal protein and microprotein three major types.The plant proteins raw material mainly is all kinds of cakes, the dregs of rice etc., and crude protein in the dry>=20%, crude fibre≤18%, dregs of beans are the maximum plant protein materials of present consumption; Animal protein class raw material mainly contains fish meal, whey powder, blood meal, meat meal tankage, hoof first feather meal etc., because the bio-safety problem, blood meal, meat meal tankage etc. seldom adds in feed; Microprotein is meant unicellular tunnings such as yeast, algae.China's protide feedstuff breach reached about 1,000 ten thousand tons in 2005, and according to scholarly forecast, to-the year two thousand twenty in 2010, China's protide feedstuff breach will reach 2,400 ten thousand ton-4,800 ten thousand tons.The Feed Manufacturing enterprise protide raw materials such as the external fish meal of labor foreign exchange import, soybean of having to.According to customs statistics, China's imported soybean was 4,255 ten thousand tons in 2009, increased by 13.7% than the last year;
The production cost of mixed feed is high, and large quantities of imports cause the constantly soaring of international market price to make internal feed manufacturing enterprise be in the edge of loss.Therefore, must quicken the development and utilization of unconventional protein resource, reduce dependency degree the international market.See that from the present actual conditions of China dregs of beans is well sold and in short supply, and cotton dregs of rapeseed cake utilization rate is not high, cotton dregs of rapeseed cake is huge as a kind of desirable, new protein resource potentiality to be exploited.
The problem that cotton dish dregs of rice resource of China and feed applications exist
Cotton dregs are the products after cottonseed extracts grease, contain the about 50-55% of cotton benevolence in the cottonseed, contain crude fat 30-35% in the cotton benevolence, and crude protein 35-38% carries in the cotton dregs behind the oil and contains rich in protein.Because general oil-fat plant processing cottonseed main purpose is to refine cotton oil; Cotton dregs are its byproducts; Common cotton dregs contain noxious materials such as gossypol, can cause that growth of animal is obstructed, production capacity decline, anaemia, expiratory dyspnea, fertility descends even sterile, can cause death when serious.Therefore, the addition of cottonseed cake (dregs of rice) in feed is very little, is generally 3%～4%, and many places are used as also field of fertilizer to cotton cake dregs.But crude protein content is higher in the cotton dregs, near dregs of beans, reaches 39-43%, and as a kind of potential protein resource, our understanding is still waiting further raising.China is the main in the world cotton big country that produces, and State Statistics Bureau's " national economy and social development statistical communique in 2007 " shows, 5,590,000 hectares of national cotton cultivated areas (8,381 ten thousand mu) in 2007,7,600,000 tons of cotton gross outputs, more than 1,300 ten thousand tons of cottonseed total outputs.China's cottonseed is as the utilization rate less than 15% of feedstuff at present, and what form contrast therewith is China's forage protein raw material wretched insufficiency, is restricting the development that animal husbandry is produced.Cottonseed meal yield 50% if the cottonseed resource in the whole nation is fully used, can obtain about 5,500,000 tons of cotton dregs every year, and alternative dregs of beans and fish meal are alleviated the imbalance between supply and demand of China's forage protein raw material.
Rape is the most important oil crops of China, average annual cultivated area 1.1 hundred million～1.2 hundred million mu, and about 1,000 ten thousand tons of gross outputs all occupy first place in the world.After the rapeseed oil expression 60% dregs of rapeseed cake is arranged approximately, the annual dregs of rapeseed cake output of China is up to more than 600 ten thousand tons.
The dregs of rapeseed cake protein content is about 35%～45%, and the percentage that wherein digestible protein accounts for crude protein is lower.Vegetable seed protein contains a large amount of essential amino acids and sulfur-containing amino acid; The characteristics of forming are that sulfur amino acid content is high; Basic amino acid content is also high; And arginine content is low, and it is reasonable basically that amino acid is formed, and is very approaching with the best amino acid ratio that WHO, international food and agricultural organization are recommended.Also contain mineral element and multivitamins such as more rich calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, selenium in the dish dregs of rice, nutritive value is high.
Contain various trace elements in the dish dregs of rice, in every kilogram of dregs of rice, iron content 180mg, copper 6.6mg, manganese 4.3mg, selenium 0.98mg, the content of selenium are the highest in the plant feed commonly used, and selenium is a kind of water-soluble polyphenoils state in vivo, has the old and feeble function of the function of preventing.In the dish dregs of rice, also contain multivitamin.Every kilogram of grouts contain VB1 1.7mg, VB23.6mg, nicotinic acid 1500mg, pantothenic acid 86mg, choline 630mg.Choline can prevent that brain cell is old and feeble, can increase intelligence.
But containing ANFs such as cellulose, giucosinolate (being called for short the sulphur glucoside), phytic acid, tannin, sinapine in the dish dregs of rice, wherein mainly is cellulose and sulphur glucoside.Sulphur glucoside itself is nontoxic, but under uniform temperature and moisture condition, the enzymolysis of the myrosase that contains through vegetable seed itself and produce harmful substances such as isothiocyanates, oxazolidine thione and nitrile.These materials can cause the thyroid gland enlargement, thereby cause animal growth rate to descend, and reproductive capacity goes down.Tannin then hinders the digestion of protein, reduces palatability.And sinapine obstructs fat metabolism, causes heart fat to accumulate and grow and is suppressed.In addition, rapeseed protein the oil expression process in, protein; Particularly lysine, cystine and methionine receive to a certain degree and destroying, and not only content reduces, and more serious is that it combines with other materials; Can be biodegradable into new ANFs; Make grouts after the vegetable seed oil expression do to be restricted when feeding, the adding proportion in feed is about 5%.
The main nutritional characteristic of the cotton dish dregs of rice
The protein content of the cotton dish dregs of rice is 35%-45%, is the vegetable raw material of high protein content, and the amino acid kind is more comprehensive, but proportion of composing is not ideal, and essential some amino acid contents of animal are on the low side, but both have certain complementarity.Cotton dish dregs of rice amino acid content and with dregs of beans relatively see table 1.
Cottonseed cake, cake protein matter amino acid are formed not ideal, and arginine content is up to 3.6%-3.8%, and lysine content only has 1.5%-1.9%, has only 2/3rds of soybean cake, the dregs of rice.Methionine, tryptophane are also not enough, and about 0.4%.Simultaneously, the utilization rate of lysine is relatively poor.
Rapeseed protein amino acid is formed also has certain defective; Lysine, arginine and tryptophane are on the low side; But the cystine of sulfur-bearing and methionine content are respectively 2.02%, 1.6%, and soybean protein is respectively 1.4%, 1.3%, and rapeseed protein is apparently higher than soybean protein.
The comparison of table 1 soybean cake dregs and cotton dish dregs of rice amino acid content
| The feed title | Soybean cake | Big dregs of beans | The cottonseed dregs of rice | The cottonseed dregs of rice | Rapeseed dregs |
| Dry | 89.0 | 89.0 | 90.0 | 88.0 | 88.0 |
| Thick protein | 41.8 | 44.2 | 43.5 | 36.3 | 38.6 |
| Arginine | 2.53 | 3.38 | 4.65 | 3.94 | 1.83 |
| Histidine | 1.10 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 0.90 | 0.86 |
| Isoleucine | 1.57 | 1.99 | 1.29 | 1.16 | 1.29 |
| Leucine | 2.75 | 3.35 | 2.47 | 2.07 | 2.34 |
| Lysine | 2.43 | 2.68 | 1.97 | 1.40 | 1.30 |
| Methionine | 0.60 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.41 | 0.63 |
| Cystine | 0.62 | 0.65 | 0.68 | 0.70 | 0.87 |
| Phenylalanine | 1.79 | 2.21 | 2.28 | 1.88 | 1.45 |
| Tyrosine | 1.53 | 1.47 | 1.05 | 0.95 | 0.97 |
| Threonine | 1.44 | 1.71 | 1.25 | 1.14 | 1.49 |
| Tryptophan | 0.64 | 0.57 | 0.51 | 0.39 | 0.42 |
| Valine | 1.70 | 2.09 | 1.91 | 1.51 | 1.62 |
The structure of dish dregs of rice toxicity and anti-nutrient substance and the mechanism of action
Containing ANFs such as cellulose, giucosinolate (being called for short the sulphur glucoside), phytic acid, tannin, sinapine in the dish dregs of rice, wherein mainly is cellulose and sulphur glucoside.Sulphur glucoside itself is nontoxic, but under uniform temperature and moisture condition, the enzymolysis of the myrosase that contains through vegetable seed itself and produce harmful substances such as isothiocyanates, oxazolidine thione and nitrile.These materials can cause the thyroid gland enlargement, thereby cause animal growth rate to descend, and reproductive capacity goes down.Tannin then hinders the digestion of protein, reduces palatability.And sinapine obstructs fat metabolism, causes heart fat to accumulate and grow and is suppressed.
Cellulose
Cellulose is a kind of main component in the dish dregs of rice, and the fibre composition in the dish dregs of rice comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and more a large amount of pentosan and pectin, and content reaches more than 10%.High fiber in the double-low rapeseed meal is mainly from the shell, and shell accounts for 16% of two low vegetable seed, accounts for 25%～30% of rapeseed dregs.Contain 8%～10% sucrose in the double-low rapeseed meal, 2%～3% oligosaccharide, 20%～30% SNSP (NSP) and 5%～8% lignin, polyphenols.Reducing the fiber in the dish dregs of rice, is the important means that improves amino acid digestibility in the double-low rapeseed meal.Because fiber is to the appreciable impact of nonruminant nutrient digestion rate and utilization rate in the double-low rapeseed meal, fiber is considered to most important ANFs in the double-low rapeseed meal.Simultaneously, fiber also influences the utilization rate of mineral elements such as copper, zinc, magnesium.
Giucosinolate and catabolite thereof
(thioglucoside glucosinolate), is called for short sulphur glucoside or sulphur glycosides for giucosinolate in the rape or title thioglucoside; Connect through the sulphur glycosidic bond by aglucone branch and glucose moiety, often exist with potassium salt form, itself does not have anti-oxidant action; But in process; The endogenous enzymes of self (myrosase) makes it to be hydrolyzed to aglycon and glucose, and aglycon is extremely unstable, can be degraded to oxazolidine thione (oxazolidinethio rapidly; Be abbreviated as OZT), isothiocyanates noxious materials such as (isothiocyanate are abbreviated as ITC).It is generally acknowledged that the anti-oxidant action of sulphur glucoside causes by two aspects, the one, the alimentary canal of complete sulphur glucoside before caecum directly is absorbed, and the 2nd, the sulphur glucoside is absorbed after under microbial action, degrading.The catabolite OZT of sulphur glucoside and ITC are important toxic products, and be relevant with absorbing of iodine, can cause the thyroid gland enlargement.OZT is called as goitrin, and ITC then can have a strong impact on the feed palatability, also can destruction be arranged to the digestion system surfaces simultaneously.
The enzymolysis mode of sulphur glucoside all contains the enzyme that this glucoside companion deposits in the plant of sulfur-bearing glucoside, become myrosin, and it has 4 kinds of isoenzymes F-IA, F-IB, F-IIA, F-IIB, its pH of right effect be 7.0.The sulphur glucoside is hydrolyzed to glucose and unsettled non-glycosyl part under the catalysis of enzyme, and with the different of pH value or under the effect of some catalyst, forms different catabolites.Divide and solve an equation as follows:
Endogenous sulphur glucoside enzyme in plant can enzymolysis sulphur glucoside, the enzyme system of some enteric bacteria also demonstrates the identical activity of sulphur glucoside enzyme.In addition, some fungi also has the ability of hydrolysis sulphur glucoside.
Sinapine and catabolite thereof
Contain 1%～1.5% the sinapine (Sinapin) of having an appointment in the dregs of rapeseed cake.Sinapine is a 4-hydroxyl-3,5-dimethoxy propenyl benzene choline, and molecular formula is C16H2506N, relative molecular weight is 327.It can be water-soluble, and the non-enzymatic catalysis hydrolysis takes place instability easily, generates sinapic acid (Sinapic acid) and choline (Choline).Sinapine has bitter taste, is the principal element that causes that the rapeseed dregs palatability is bad, also can reduce the utilization rate of rapeseed protein.
Tannin, phytic acid and phenols
Tannin is the polyphenol compound of complexing, and relative molecular mass is by 500 to 6000.Tannin content is the highest in the vegetable seed kind skin, tannin can with the protein complexing, change the character of native protein.Tannin or phenolic acid can also combine with methionine except easy and protein bound, can reduce the nutritive value of protein.The tannin that 0.3-1% is arranged in the vegetable seeds dregs of rice not only makes the palatability variation of the dregs of rice, and influences digesting and assimilating of protein.Tannin mainly suppresses the activity of phytase, transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase.
Phytic acid content in the dish dregs of rice is 2%～4%, and it is strong metal chelating agent, can with multiple metal ion-chelant.Phytic acid can become compound with protein bound, or forms ternary complex with protein, metal ion, the effective rate of utilization of protein and metallic element is reduced, thereby reduce its value greatly.Phytic acid with which kind of nutrient combines, and all can make to be blamed by animal by complex compound to digest and assimilate.When phytic acid content is higher in the feed, be prone to cause the fowl poultry to lack inorganic elements such as zinc, copper, calcium.In feed, add volume dish dregs of rice toxigenicity in animal body, mainly show as apocleisis, become thin, dull, fur is coarse etc.
Contain 2%～4% the aldehydes matter of having an appointment in the dish dregs of rice, wherein major part is micromolecular aldehydes matter (sinapine), and all the other are polyphenols.Because aldehydes matter has penetrating odor and bitter taste, can influence palatability during as feed.Aldehydes matter is an anti-nutrient substance, can form fine and close tannin with protein, can also combine with protein, metallic element to form ternary complex, influences animal to protein and trace elements absorbed, reduces the effective rate of utilization of protein and metallic element.Aldehydes matter is easy to take place oxidation and polymerization under neutral and alkali condition, make the grouts blackening, if its content is high in the rapeseed protein of processing, also can cause albumen to be a bit darkish in color, and influences the utilization of albumen.
The structure of ANFs and the mechanism of action in the cotton dregs
Gossypol and derivative thereof
The molecular formula of gossypol is as follows:
Gossypol (gossypol) is commonly called as cotton toxin, is polyphenol two naphthalene derivativeses that Malvaceae cotton pigment gland produces, and molecular formula is C
30H
30O
8, molecular weight 518.5 has three kinds of isomers.Gossypol is present in root, stem, leaf and the seed of cotton, belongs to a kind of xanthein in the cottonseed pigment gland, is the many rings aldehyde (Benedict et al., 2006) that contains 6 hydroxyls.
Gossypol and derivative thereof account for the 20.6%-39.0% of pigment gland quality.Gossypol is soluble in organic solvents such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, n-butanol, ether, acetone, chloroform, is insoluble to lower boiling benzinum and water, and the fusing point of its gained crystal in different solvents is all different.Gossypol content accounts for the 0.03%-2.0% of cotton dregs amount of dry matter, and (bound gossypol is BG) with free gossypol (free gossypol, FG) two states existence to combine gossypol.Usually the bond with gossypol and amino acid or other materials is called the combination gossypol, is called free gossypol to the gossypol with activity hydroxy and active aldehyde radical.Active group in the free gossypol molecular structure (aldehyde radical and carboxyl) is bigger to animal toxicity.Do not absorbed by animal in animal alimentary canal in conjunction with gossypol, toxicity is very little.Free gossypol accounts for 0.85% of cotton benevolence dry weight generally speaking, accounts for about 0.15% of cotton benevolence dry weight in conjunction with gossypol.
Although the mechanism of gossypol toxic action is not also thoroughly understood; But show by the modern biology Study on Technology; Gossypol is through the combination to membrane matrix and protein molecule; And through the anion free radical mechanism to the destruction of meinbranous structure with to the interference of electron transport system, the metabolism of interference cell from many aspects is especially with Ca
2+The metabolism that deopendent protein kinase is relevant.
Gossypol is mainly by its active aldehyde radical and activity hydroxy toxigenicity and cause multiple harm.After most of gossypol is taken in by domestic animal, in alimentary canal, form bond and directly discharge, have only fraction to be absorbed.The drainage of free gossypol is slower, and tangible cumulative effect is arranged in vivo, and therefore, the cottonseed cake of searching for food for a long time can cause slow poisoning.Free gossypol mainly shows the damaging effect of animal: (1) works the mischief to zooblast, blood vessel and nerve: after free gossypol gets into alimentary canal, but the stimulating gastrointestinal mucous membrane causes gastroenteritis.After being absorbed into blood, can strengthen the permeability of vascular wall, impel blood plasma and haemocyte tissue penetration towards periphery, make the tissue of being injured that serosity infiltration, hemorrhagic inflammation and Celom liquid loading take place.Free gossypol is soluble in lipid, can in nerve cell, accumulate and neural function is got muddled.(2) disturb the normal physiological function of animal body: free gossypol can combine with many functional proteins and some important enzymes in vivo, makes its loss of activity.Free gossypol also can combine with iron, disturbs the synthetic of hemoglobin, causes hypoferric anemia.(3) the reproduction function to buck impacts: free gossypol can destroy the seminaferous epithelium of testis, causes teratospermia, death even does not have sperm.Therefore, free gossypol can reduce reproductive capacity, even causes male animal property sterile.(4) influence egg quality: when laying hen was fed cotton cake dregs, the egg of output was through after the storage of certain hour, and the iron ion in the yolk combines with free gossypol, forms yellow green or compound russet.When the content of free gossypol in the diet reached 50mg/kg, yolk will variable color.(5) influence amino acid whose usefulness: in cottonseed oil expression process, owing to receive damp and hot effect, the active aldehyde radical of free gossypol can combine with the lysine in the cotton cake dregs, and Maillard reaction takes place, and greatly reduces the availability of lysine in the cottonseed cake.
And ruminants such as ox, sheep; But free gossypol there is bigger tolerance; Reize etc. have studied the detoxifcation mechanism of ruminant to gossypol, think that this is because the microorganism in its stomach and the effect of enzyme destroy and the hydrolysis along with cellulose gossypol; Change in the abomasum at last, thereby produce so-called gossypol tolerance.
GB13078-91 has stipulated the safe handling of free gossypol in all feeds limit the quantity of (as shown in table 2).
The allowance of table 2 free gossypol
Other ANFs in the cotton dregs
Except that free gossypol, the main ANFs in the cotton dregs also has: and cyclopropylene aliphatic acid (CPFA), phytic acid (phytic acid), tannin (tannin), SNSP (non-starchpolysaccharine, NSP) and all kinds of water-fast compound sugar.
Cyclopropylene aliphatic acid (CPFA) mainly contains two kinds: sterculic acid (Sterculic acid) and malvalic acid (malvalicacid) (Zhang Jidong etc., 2006).It mainly produces harmful effect to egg product matter and the physiology of bird: hen can reduce reproductive capacity and the egg laying performance of this hen after taking in cyclopropylene aliphatic acid.Cyclopropene aliphatic acid also can change the metabolism and the aliphatic acid of fat to be formed, and causes necrosis of liver cells, abnormal glycogen deposition, pathological reactions such as bile duct proliferation and fibrillatable.
Phytic acid (phytic acid) claim phytic acid again, extensively is present in the plant, and it is the main existence form of organophosphor in the plant feed; Content in cotton dregs is about 2.9%-4.8% (Zhang Jidong etc.; " hazard mechanism of natural ANFs and removing measure in the cotton cake dregs ", herding and forage science, 2006; 27 the 3rd phases of volume, P53-55).Phosphoric acid in the cotton dregs exists with the phytic acid form mostly, makes that a large amount of phytate phosphorus is discharged because of not being utilized from ight soil in the livestock and poultry feed, causes the pollution of soil and water source environment.The existence of phytic acid has reduced the nutrition balance (Cheryan of trace mineral and protein in the cotton dregs; " Fate of Phytic Acid in ProducingSoy Protein Ingredients "; Journal of the American Oil Chemists ' Society; 2007,84 (4): 369-376), influence the eubolism and the fecundity of body.
Tannin (tannin) claim tannic acid again, content average out to 0.3% in cotton dregs.The utilization of its interferencing protein can form the complex compound that is difficult to utilize with protein in the livestock and poultry body, influence the palatability of feed, makes feed produce astringent taste (Lv Zhongjin, 1992).Tannin also can stop the absorption of calcium, causes protein digestibility enzyme, lipase and diastatic inactivation, to such an extent as to influence the growth of animal and the conversion of food.
(non-starchpolysaccharine NSP) is ubiquitous one type of ANFs in the plant-derived albumen to SNSP.SNSP in the cotton dregs mainly comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin etc.SNSP is the main component of plant cell wall, causes the feed nutrition material to discharge, thereby has reduced the utilization rate of animal to the feed nutrition material.
Oligosaccharide substance extensively is present in the various plant feeds, and the compound sugar in the cotton dregs mainly is raffinose and stachyose, and content is about 6.91% and 2.36% respectively.This type compound sugar material is water insoluble, so it can not be digested and assimilated by the simple stomach domestic animal; Increase the permeability of small intestine contents and the confining force of liquid, thereby reduced the hydrolysis of nutriment; Because weakening of nutriment hydrolysis increased the content of small intestine contents, stimulate the small bowel peristalsis reflection, thereby increased feed running speed in the enteron aisle simultaneously, influenced the abundant absorption of animal nutriment.
Nutritional labeling in the cotton dish dregs of rice includes: 35～45% protein; 1～3% fat, 10～15% carbohydrate also has essential amino acid in several mineral materials, vitamin and the animal body; Nutritional labeling is neater, is important vegetable protein feed source.As stated; The cotton dish dregs of rice are on the balance of nutrition, especially exist certain defective aspect the amino acid balance separately; And contain the poisonous and hazardous material of animal and have multiple ANFs; Mainly be: cellulose, giucosinolate (being called for short the sulphur glucoside), phytic acid, tannin, sinapine, gossypol,, ANFs such as cyclopropylene aliphatic acid; Their existence plays inhibitory action or becomes stodgy one-tenth to grade with the nutriment complexing some digestive ferment in the animal body on the one hand, makes the digestibility of dregs of beans and the absorptivity of animal descend.On the other hand, some organ in the animal body risen brokenly turn usefulness into, physiology, growth, the health of animal is caused harmful effect.
Present situation to China's feed resource critical shortage; On clear and definite China feed resource storage basis; The key technology achievement of the conventional energy of development and integrated China, protein feed resource substitute technology and the development and use of unconventional feed resource; Set up the technical system of China's novel fodder development of resources and industrialization, improve the development of exploitation level of China's routine and unconventional feed resource, increase feedstuff and supply with; To alleviate China's feed resource shortage is the grand strategy that China's feed already develops, and also is the main working tasks of feedstuff industry from now on.
Summary of the invention
Be ability good use existing resource, one of the object of the invention provides a kind of cotton dish dregs of rice poisonous substance and method that improves nutritive value removed.
Fermentation method of the present invention is removed cotton dish dregs of rice poisonous substance and the method that improves nutritive value; Be with after cotton dregs and the mixing of the dish dregs of rice; Add entry and complex enzyme formulation earlier; Inoculate can bacteria produced proteinase or/and lactic acid-producing bacteria and decompose glucosinolate or/and the microorganism fungus kind of gossypol, fermenting then obtains tunning.
Wherein, said complex enzyme formulation is to contain high active cellulase, zytase, dextranase, protease and diastatic feeding or edible complex enzyme formulation simultaneously, and adding proportion is 0.1～10% of a mixed material (dry weight).
Complex enzyme formulation A forms: cellulase 30%, zytase 25%, dextranase 25%, protease 20% by weight; Complex enzyme formulation B forms: zytase 30%, dextranase 30%, amylase 20%, protease 20% by weight.
Wherein, Said microorganism fungus kind is selected from individual plant bacterial classification or its combination in saccharomycete, Bacillus acidi lactici, bacillus licheniformis and the Rhodopseudomonas palustris, the bacterial classification amount of inoculating be 0.5～100% by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight (dry weight).
Said microorganism fungus kind is preferably the combination of multiple bacterial classification; The bacterial classification of being inoculated is by containing the percentage that culture of strains base (nutrient solution) weight accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight (dry weight); Be respectively saccharomycete 0.5～50%; Bacillus acidi lactici 1～50%, bacillus licheniformis 0.5～50%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 1～50%.
Said fermentation temperature is 30 ℃～55 ℃.
Said cotton dregs and dish dregs of rice mixed weight ratio are 9: 1～1: 9.
The ratio of weight and number that mixes the cotton dish dregs of rice and water is 1: 0.2～1.5.
Concrete, said method comprises the steps:
1) with cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice by weight 9: 1-1: 9 are mixed into raw material adds fermentation tank;
2) in cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material, add entry by weight 1: 0.2～1.5, the 0.1～10wt% ratio in mixed material adds complex enzyme then;
3) will add fermentation tank with the bacterial classification of culture medium;
4) temperature controlled fermentation: fermentation temperature is 30～55 ℃, and fermentation time is 45～84 hours, obtains tunning.
Invent another purpose and be to provide a kind of feeding fermented cotton dish cake protein raw material and application thereof.
This feeding fermented cotton dish cake protein raw material is the tunning that is obtained by method for preparing; Wherein crude protein content reaches more than 42%; The degraded or the clearance of poisonous and harmful substances such as sulphur glucoside, gossypol, sinapine and cyclopropylene aliphatic acid can reach more than 50%, and the phytic acid degradation rate reaches 100% and removes fully.
This cotton dish cake protein raw material is through many bacterial strains mixed culture fermentation technology; Poisonous and harmful substances such as gossypol, phytic acid, cyclopropylene aliphatic acid, sulphur glucoside and sinapine in the cotton dregs and the dish dregs of rice have been eliminated; And significantly improved the bioavailability of albumen and carbohydrate, can make the high-quality protein raw material of animal and fowl fodder.Therefore, contain above this feeding fermented cotton dish cake protein raw material of 15wt% and the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition animal feed that forms is an important application of the present invention.
Adopt technique scheme, the present invention is mixed into the cotton dish dregs of rice with the cotton dregs and the dish dregs of rice, has at utmost brought into play the complementation in both nutrition; Dilution effect when mixing by two kinds of raw materials simultaneously, makes their poisonous and harmful element content reduce (reduce by one times or more than); The present invention utilizes the cotton dish dregs of rice of microbial fermentation mixed material, further removes poisonous and harmful substance and ANFs in the cotton dregs and the dish dregs of rice, and protein macromolecule is degraded to little peptide etc., has improved the digestive utilization ratio of protein and NSP class nutriment.Product after the processing, the poisonous and harmful element degradation rate reaches more than 50%, and the phytic acid degradation rate reaches 100% to be removed fully, and security significantly increases; The product gross protein value reaches more than 42%, and the bioavailability of protein improves, and reaches the level of dregs of beans; Adding proportion in mixed feed is brought up to more than 15% by original about 5%.Methods such as the relative physics of this method, chemistry, crop breeding have following characteristics: 1. economy, cost low, need not heat or add chemical reagent; 2. there is not chemical residue, application safety; 3. do not influence feed nutrient, do not reduce nutritive value, and make nutriment more be prone to absorbed by animal; 4. compare with adding single enzyme preparation, can eliminate multiple ANFs simultaneously; 5. cotton dish dregs of rice cell membrane destroys more thorough, and content more is prone to discharge, and helps animal absorption of nutrients matter more fast; 6. increased the thalline that microorganism lives, helped decomposing in animal intestinal 7. sweats high molecular weight protein and produce multiple little peptide, helped animal and grow up strong and sturdy.It is low that the present invention utilizes modern biotechnology to solve cotton dish dregs of rice utilization rate, and addition is few and have the problems such as harm of noxious material in feed, can alleviate the deficiency of China's feed protein resource to a certain extent.The present invention can produce tangible economic benefit in industrialized implementation, the application of product with the cost of decline feed, for the user increases benefit, also helps to reduce the import of dregs of beans simultaneously, obtains obvious social.In addition; Method of the present invention is easy to grasp, process stabilizing; The product eliminates that directly obtains cotton dish dregs of rice poisonous substance, be to satisfy plant feed that animal health is grown up, polytrophic, of high quality and at a reasonable price, safety, can substitute the protein feeds of high price such as dregs of beans.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is explained further details.
The specific embodiment
Defective and their complementarity nutritionally in the nutrition that the present invention at first exists to cotton dregs and the dish dregs of rice separately; Both are mixed into the cotton dish dregs of rice with certain proportion; Dilution effect when mixing by two kinds of raw materials simultaneously, makes their poisonous and harmful element content reduce (reduce by one times or more than); On this basis; Utilize microbial fermentation technology that cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material is carried out fermentation process; Further remove poisonous and harmful substance and ANFs in cotton cake dregs and the dregs of rapeseed cake; And protein macromolecule is degraded to little peptide etc., improve the digestive utilization ratio of protein and NSP class nutriment.
The inventive method comprises the steps:
A, the cotton dish raw material of preparation: cotton dish dregs of rice raw material sources are in grain, oil food processing enterprise; The dish dregs of rice that limited company produces are sent out in cotton dregs, the sky, Hubei of preferred raw material such as the farming new lake of six teachers green industry grease company of the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang; Meet GB/T 21264-2007 feed respectively with cottonseed dregs of rice standard and GB/T 23736-2009 feed raw material, also can select for use general feeds with cotton, dish dregs of rice raw material with the rapeseed dregs standard-required; In commercial production; Nutritional labeling and poisonous substance and the ANFs of as far as possible difference being criticized raw material are spot-check mensuration; So that the reasonable economic technological parameter of selection (comprise whether selecting individual plant or multi-strain bacteria kind mixed fermentation technology, and parameters such as bacterial classification and proportion of raw materials); Cotton dregs among the present invention, the available ratio of the dish dregs of rice are by weight 9: 1-1: 9.
B, in cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material, add pan feeding water and complex enzyme: material water is running water, is preferably sterilization running water (like high-temperature sterilization or ultraviolet disinfection running water), can also be distilled water; After water and raw material mix, place fermentation vat, the fermentation vat that the false end of employing can ventilate, also other fermentations are equipped, and like solid-state fermentation tank, charging thickness is preferably 25～50 centimetres; Mixed material is 1: 0.2～1.5 with the weight ratio of material water.In mixed material, add complex enzyme formulation again, complex enzyme formulation A forms: cellulase 30%, zytase 25%, dextranase 25%, protease 20%; Complex enzyme formulation B forms: zytase 30%, dextranase 30%, amylase 20%, protease 20%.The complex enzyme formulation adding proportion is the cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material weight 0.1-10% of (dry weight does not contain material water).
C, inoculation bacterial classification: main select can bacteria produced proteinase or/and lactic acid-producing bacteria and decompose the giucosinolate bacterium or/and decompose the microorganism fungus kind of gossypol, other microorganism fungus kinds that ANFs such as phytic acid, sinapine, cyclopropylene aliphatic acid are had an elimination effect are also at the row of selection; Microorganism fungus kind of the present invention mainly is selected from saccharomycete, Bacillus acidi lactici, bacillus licheniformis, Rhodopseudomonas palustris; Can ferment by individual plant, preferably multiple bacterial classification mixed culture fermentation is kind and the proportioning that purpose is confirmed mixed bacteria by which kind of poisonous substance ANFs of main elimination; Bacterial classification by specification in advance is seeded in separately and cultivates in the culture medium, during use, mycelia and culture medium is together added fermentation tank; Saccharomycete wherein, the culture medium of bacillus licheniformis is liquid seed culture medium-PDA culture medium, or solid spawn culture medium such as wheat bran; The Bacillus acidi lactici culture medium is 6～12% degreasing sugar-free milk powder solution; The culture medium of Rhodopseudomonas palustris is a photosynthetic bacteria culture medium; The source of bacterial classification can be very extensive, like the bacterial classification that can select for use Hua Zhong Agriculture University to cultivate.When using mixed bacteria; Inoculum concentration accounts for the percentage calculation of cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight (referring to dry weight) by bacterial classification and corresponding culture medium gross weight, is respectively saccharomycete 0.5-100%, bacillus licheniformis 0.5-100%; Bacillus acidi lactici 1-100%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 1-100%.
D, temperature controlled fermentation: fermentation temperature is 30～55 ℃, and fermentation time is 45～84 hours, and temperature control method is the intermittent aeration formula, and said ventilation is meant that the people is the oxygen that provides fermentation required, can be the air that blasts, or compressed oxygen; During stuffy fermentation, the fermentation overall process is gone up and down naturally, and fermentation time is suitable to be grown; When environment temperature is too high or too low, should when ventilating, takes cooling, turn over corresponding measures such as jade for asking rain or heating and heat preservation; Described temperature controlled fermentation temperature range and time range, accounting temperature is not lower than its temperature and the response time under 30 ℃ of environment.Get whole tunnings as finished product (wet feed);
E, finished product are handled: said finished product processing is meant the technology after the fermentation, comprises that successively operations such as oven dry, pulverizing, check, packing make product; Product can be a powder, also can granulate; For taking the instant user who uses, product can not dried yet, and takes fresh-keeping measure, directly transports, and limits in the time limit and uses.Product quality inspection index is: protein content is more than or equal to 42wt%, and the removal or the degradation rate of sulphur glucoside, gossypol, sinapine and cyclopropylene aliphatic acid reach more than 50% phytic acid degradation rate 100%.
Below further specify the present invention with specific embodiment.Following embodiment 1-25 adopts best experimental program of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can obviously expect some identical, replacement schemes according to content disclosed by the invention, all should belong to disclosure of the present invention.Method therefor is conventional method if no special instructions among the embodiment.
Embodiment 1, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
Prepare the cotton dish dregs of rice of nontoxic high nutrition animal feed albumen with method of the present invention,, specifically comprise following process and parameter with reference to foregoing description:
1) prepare cotton dish dregs of rice raw material: the cotton dregs and the dish dregs of rice were mixed into the cotton dish dregs of rice of 10kg raw material by weight 1: 9.
2) during mixed material was packed fermentation tank into, charging thickness added 8kg (raw material is 1: 0.8 with the ratio of weight and number of material water) material water then and stirs at 25～50 centimetre, and material water is the high-temperature sterilization running water; Add 10g (by the 0.1wt% that mixes cotton dish dregs of rice raw material) complex enzyme formulation A then.
3) microbe inoculation bacterial classification; Use mixed bacteria in the present embodiment, each bacterial classification (band culture medium) is added in the fermentation tank one by one, the bacterial classification of being inoculated accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight (dry weight by containing each culture of strains basic weight amount; This example is 10kg) the percentage meter; Be respectively saccharomycete (PDA culture medium) 0.5%. Bacillus acidi lactici (culture medium is 6～12% degreasing sugar-free milk powder solution) 1%, bacillus licheniformis (culture medium is a wheat bran) 0.5%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris (photosynthetic bacteria culture medium) 1%.
4) control fermentation, fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, batch (-type) blasts air, fermentation time 70 hours, all tunning (wet feed) is as finished product.
5) finished product is handled: A. takes fresh-keeping measure with tunning, limits in the time limit directly to use.
B. tunning is dried, is crushed to powdery, be distributed into product and use.
C. tunning is dried, is crushed to powdery, put into granulator again, granulate, be distributed into product and use.
Embodiment 2, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.Wherein difference is:
Step 2) raw material is 1: 1.3 with the ratio of weight and number of material water in;
Bacterial classification of inoculating in the step 3) and inoculum concentration are respectively saccharomycete 4%, Bacillus acidi lactici 5%, bacillus licheniformis 4%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 5%.
Fermentation temperature is 55 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 60 hours.
Embodiment 3, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.Wherein difference is:
The ratio of cotton dregs, dish dregs of rice raw material is weight ratio 9: 1 in the step 1).
Step 2) material water is the ultraviolet disinfection running water in, and raw material is 1: 0.2 with the ratio of weight and number of material water, and complex enzyme formulation B addition is 1.0%.
Bacterial classification of inoculating in the step 3) and inoculum concentration are respectively saccharomycete 1%, Bacillus acidi lactici 50%, bacillus licheniformis 1%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 50%.
The step 4) fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, and fermentation time is 84 hours.
Embodiment 4, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 3.Wherein difference is:
Feed the compressed oxygen fermentation in the step 4), 55 ℃ of fermentation temperatures, fermentation time 50 hours.
Embodiment 5, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.Wherein difference is:
The ratio of step 1) middle cotton, dish dregs of rice raw material is weight ratio 5: 5.
Step 2) material water is distilled water in, and raw material is 1: 1.5 with the ratio of weight and number of material water, and complex enzyme formulation A addition is 5.0%.
Bacterial classification of inoculating in the step 3) and inoculum concentration are respectively saccharomycete 50%, Bacillus acidi lactici 1%, bacillus licheniformis 50%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 1%.
Fermentation temperature is 30 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 70 hours.
Embodiment 6, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 5.Wherein difference is:
Fermentation temperature is 55 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 45 hours.
Embodiment 7, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.Wherein difference is:
The ratio of step 1) middle cotton, dish dregs of rice raw material is weight ratio 7: 3.
Step 2) material water is the ultraviolet disinfection running water in, and raw material is 1: 1.0 with the ratio of weight and number of material water, and complex enzyme formulation addition B is 10%.
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is respectively saccharomycete 2% by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, Bacillus acidi lactici 5%, bacillus licheniformis 2%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 5%.
Fermentation temperature is 50 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 60 hours, stuffy fermentation, and the fermentation overall process is gone up and down naturally, when environment temperature is too high or too low, takes to lower the temperature, turns over jade for asking rain or heating and heat preservation measure to keep fermentation temperature.
Embodiment 8, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 7.Wherein difference is:
Step 2) raw material is 1: 1.5 with the ratio of weight and number of material water in.
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is respectively saccharomycete 3% by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, Bacillus acidi lactici 4%, bacillus licheniformis 3%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 4%.
Fermentation temperature is 38 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 72 hours.
Embodiment 9, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.Wherein difference is:
The ratio of step 1) middle cotton, dish dregs of rice raw material is weight ratio 3: 7.
Step 2) raw material is 1: 0.8 with the ratio of weight and number of material water in, and complex enzyme formulation A addition is 0.5%.
Fermentation is equipped for solid-state fermentation tank in the step 3), and the bacterial classification of being inoculated is respectively saccharomycete 2% by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, lactic acid bacteria 4%, bacillus licheniformis 2%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 2%.
Fermentation temperature is 40 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 74 hours.
Embodiment 10, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 9.Wherein difference is:
Step 2) raw material is 1: 1.3 with the ratio of weight and number of material water in.
Fermentation temperature is 47 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 68 hours.
Embodiment 11, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.Wherein difference is:
Step 1) is cotton, the ratio of dish dregs of rice raw material is weight ratio 9: 1.
Step 2) raw material is 1: 1.0 with the ratio of weight and number of material water in, and complex enzyme formulation A addition is 2.5%.
Fermentation is equipped for solid-state fermentation tank in the step 3), and the bacterial classification of being inoculated is respectively saccharomycete 0.5% by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, Bacillus acidi lactici 1%, bacillus licheniformis 0.5%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 1%.
Fermentation temperature is 45 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 68 hours.
Embodiment 12, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 11.Wherein difference is:
Fermentation temperature is 56 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 64 hours.
Embodiment 13, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.Wherein difference is:
The ratio of step 1) middle cotton, dish dregs of rice raw material is weight ratio 4: 6.
Step 2) raw material is 1: 0.8 with the ratio of weight and number of material water in, and complex enzyme formulation B addition is 2.5%.
Fermentation is equipped for solid-state fermentation tank in the step 3), and the bacterial classification of being inoculated is saccharomycete (containing the PDA culture medium) 50% by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight.
Fermentation temperature is 50 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 65 hours.
Embodiment 14, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 13.Wherein difference is:
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is single saccharomycete (containing the PDA culture medium), and inoculum concentration is 100% of a cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight.
Fermentation temperature is 45 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 72 hours.
Embodiment 15, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 13.Wherein difference is:
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, Bacillus acidi lactici 50%.
Fermentation temperature is 45 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 72 hours.
Embodiment 16, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 13.Wherein difference is:
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, and the Bacillus acidi lactici addition is 100%.
Fermentation temperature is 50 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 65 hours.
Embodiment 17, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 13.Wherein difference is:
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, bacillus licheniformis 50%.
Fermentation temperature is 45 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 72 hours.
Embodiment 18, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 13.Wherein difference is:
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, and the bacillus licheniformis addition is 100%.
Fermentation temperature is 50 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 65 hours.
Embodiment 19, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 13.Wherein difference is:
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 50%.
Fermentation temperature is 45 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 65 hours.
Embodiment 20, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 13.Wherein difference is:
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, and the Rhodopseudomonas palustris addition is 100%.
Fermentation temperature is 50 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 65 hours.
Embodiment 21, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 1.Wherein difference is:
Step 1) middle cotton, dish dregs of rice material rate are weight ratio 6: 4.
Step 2) raw material is 1: 1.0 with the ratio of weight and number of material water in, and complex enzyme formulation B addition is 3.5%.
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, saccharomycete 1%, Bacillus acidi lactici 50%.
Fermentation temperature is 30 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 60 hours.
Embodiment 22, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 21.Wherein difference is:
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, saccharomycete 25%, bacillus licheniformis 25%.
Fermentation temperature is 47 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 45 hours.
Embodiment 23, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 21.Wherein difference is:
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, Bacillus acidi lactici 5%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 35%.
Fermentation temperature is 40 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 50 hours.
Embodiment 24, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 21.Wherein difference is:
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, saccharomycete 1%, Bacillus acidi lactici 50%, bacillus licheniformis 25%.
Fermentation temperature is 35 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 55 hours.
Embodiment 25, the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of preparation animal feed albumen
The preparation process is identical with embodiment 21.Wherein difference is:
The bacterial classification of being inoculated in the step 3) is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice raw material weight, Bacillus acidi lactici 50%, bacillus licheniformis 5%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 40%.
Fermentation temperature is 40 ℃ in the step 4), and fermentation time is 55 hours.
The detection of product:
The detection of noxious material and ANFs in raw material and the product
Method: reference standard has: the assay method of free gossypol in the GB/T 13086-1991 feed.The mensuration AAS of the feeding phytase activity of GB/T18634-2002.Coarse-fibred assay filtration method in the GB/T 6434-2006 feed.The detection method of crude protein in the GB/T6432-1994 feed.
Testing result: it is listed referring to table 3 that raw material and product detect numerical value.
Interpretation of result: above testing result shows; Utilize method of the present invention can effectively improve the product gross protein value; Reach more than 42%; The degraded or the clearance of poisonous and harmful substances such as sulphur glucoside, gossypol, sinapine and cyclopropylene aliphatic acid can reach more than 50%, and the phytic acid degradation rate reaches 100% and removes fully.When proportioning raw materials suitable; Moisture is suitable; Fermentation temperature is correct; The bacterial classification combination collocation is reasonable, has reached more than 90% like the degraded clearance of gossypol, cyclopropylene aliphatic acid and sulphur glucoside in instance 3 and the instance 4, has reached more than 50% like the crude protein content of instance 8, instance 11, instance 24 and instance 25.
The effect of product:
Product of the present invention is used for being added on animal feed mainly as the good protein raw material components; Because the present invention has eliminated the poisonous substance ANFs in the cotton dish dregs of rice; And make cotton dish cake protein matter that decomposition to a certain degree take place through fermentation; Obtain the good albumen of multiple beneficial metabolite such as a kind of accumulation lactic acid and a large amount of useful viable bacterias, therefore can break through consumption (5%) restriction in feed of original cotton dish dregs of rice; A large amount of (to 15%) adds still safety in feed, but larger proportion substitutes high price protein feeds such as dregs of beans.Product of the present invention through northeast, Central China, south China counts the area and shows in fattening pig, fryer and milk cattle cultivating result of the test; Use this products substitution part dregs of beans and fish meal, bone meal, blood meal can improve the growth result of animal; Reduce diarrhoea; Improve survival rate, significantly reduce feed cost, obtain remarkable economic efficiency.
The noxious material and the ANFs testing result of the cotton dish dregs of rice of the nontoxic high nutrition of table 3 animal feed
Claims (6)
1. a fermentation method is removed cotton dish dregs of rice poisonous substance and the method that improves nutritive value; Be after cotton dregs and the dish dregs of rice were mixed into cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material by weight 9: 1～1: 9; Add entry and complex enzyme formulation earlier, inoculate microorganism fungus kind, fermenting at 30 ℃～55 ℃ then obtains tunning;
Said complex enzyme formulation is complex enzyme formulation A or complex enzyme formulation B, and adding proportion is 0.1～10% of a cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material dry weight; Complex enzyme formulation A forms: cellulase 30%, zytase 25%, dextranase 25%, protease 20% by weight; Complex enzyme formulation B forms: zytase 30%, dextranase 30%, amylase 20%, protease 20% by weight;
Said microorganism fungus kind is selected from individual plant bacterial classification or its combination in saccharomycete, Bacillus acidi lactici, bacillus licheniformis and the Rhodopseudomonas palustris, the bacterial classification amount of inoculating be 0.5～100% by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material dry weight.
2. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said microorganism fungus kind is by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material dry weight; Be respectively saccharomycete 0.5～50%; Bacillus acidi lactici 1～50%, bacillus licheniformis 0.5～50%, Rhodopseudomonas palustris 1～50%.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the ratio of weight and number that mixes cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material in back and water is 1: 0.2～1.5.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) with cotton dregs, the dish dregs of rice by weight 9: 1-1: 9 are mixed into cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material adds fermentation tank;
2) weight ratio 1: 0.2～1.5 by cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material and water adds entry in cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material, and the 0.1～10wt% ratio in cotton dish dregs of rice mixed material dry weight adds complex enzyme formulation then;
3) will add fermentation tank with the bacterial classification of culture medium;
4) temperature controlled fermentation: fermentation temperature is 30～55 ℃, and fermentation time is 45～84 hours, obtains tunning.
5. feeding fermented cotton dish cake protein raw material; It is the tunning for preparing by the arbitrary said method of claim 1 to 4; Wherein crude protein content reaches more than 42%; Comprise sulphur glucoside, gossypol, sinapine and cyclopropylene aliphatic acid and reach more than 50% at the degraded or the clearance of interior poisonous and harmful substance, the phytic acid degradation rate reaches 100% and removes fully.
6. a nontoxic cotton dish dregs of rice animal feed wherein contains the said feeding fermented cotton dish of the above claim 5 of 15wt% cake protein raw material.
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| CN102318737B (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-01-23 | 广东希普生物科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of nontoxic cottonseed meal animal feed |
| CN103120274A (en) * | 2013-03-09 | 2013-05-29 | 湖北富士峰生物科技有限公司 | Silage prepared by utilizing needle mushroom dreg and processing method thereof |
| CN104012797A (en) * | 2014-05-31 | 2014-09-03 | 湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Early-stage compound feed for broiler chickens and preparation method thereof |
| CN104000021B (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2016-06-08 | 湖南伟业动物营养集团有限公司 | The working method of a kind of vegetalitas fermented feed |
| CN104489259B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-06-30 | 新疆弘瑞达纤维有限公司 | A kind of method of cotton stalk Fodder making |
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| CN105815779B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-03-26 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | A kind of integrated conduct method of rapeseed meal |
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| CN106578420A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳市前海金卓生物技术有限公司 | Fermentation feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109007411A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-18 | 石阡县毅峰农牧开发有限公司 | One breeder high-protein feed and its processing method |
| CN113073056A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2021-07-06 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | Fermentation inoculant for rapeseed meal and application thereof |
| CN112219934B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-07-16 | 新疆希普生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for producing cottonseed protein by enzymolysis and fermentation |
| CN112841400A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-05-28 | 河北坤元饲料有限公司 | Fermentation method of fermented miscellaneous meal protein additive, protein additive and application |
| CN115851465B (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-01-30 | 湖北省生物农药工程研究中心 | Composite fermentation inoculant, method for preparing fermented rapeseed meal for feeding and application of composite fermentation inoculant |
| CN117223815A (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2023-12-15 | 宁夏百利康生物科技有限公司 | Method for reducing free phenol of cottonseed meal by enzyme and bacterium cooperation |
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| CN101253929A (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2008-09-03 | 华中农业大学 | Quick high-efficient cotton cake dregs gossypol-removing method |
| CN101270336A (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2008-09-24 | 石河子大学 | Candida tropicalis ZD-3 bacterial strain, uses and method for producing biological protein feedstuff thereof |
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