CN113100330B - Method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal - Google Patents
Method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113100330B CN113100330B CN202110552167.9A CN202110552167A CN113100330B CN 113100330 B CN113100330 B CN 113100330B CN 202110552167 A CN202110552167 A CN 202110552167A CN 113100330 B CN113100330 B CN 113100330B
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- Prior art keywords
- feed
- fertilizer
- livestock
- later use
- mixing
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/123—Bulgaricus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering leftovers, which belongs to the technical field of reutilization of livestock slaughtering leftovers and comprises the following steps: (1) crushing treatment, (2) sterilization treatment, (3) fermentation treatment, (4) additive preparation, (5) feed preparation and (6) fertilizer preparation. The invention provides a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal, which can well process and utilize the livestock slaughtering offal to prepare finished feed and fertilizer by processing the livestock slaughtering offal, wherein the feed can be directly fed to livestock, thus reducing the grain culture cost, the fertilizer can be used for fertilizing crops, promoting the development of crop industry, effectively utilizing the livestock slaughtering offal, improving the utilization rate of materials, and being simple and easy to popularize and apply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of reuse of livestock slaughtering offal, and particularly relates to a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughtering offal.
Background
With the rapid development of the economy in China and the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the demands for livestock products such as meat, eggs, milk, skin, hair, feather and the like are increasing. This results in the rapid development of livestock industry in China, increased cultivation types, increased cultivation scale, rapid increase of livestock quantity, and continuously increased demand for food crops to raise livestock. On one hand, a large amount of livestock can be killed, and on the other hand, the feed demand can be increased. According to analysis of the current situation of livestock breeding by the livestock workstation Dan Ruili in the Manger Mongolian county in the Hebei province, the real development problem still exists in the livestock breeding workstation Dan Ruili. With the increasing number of livestock industries, the environment is continuously worsened, and the current waste treatment has defects. Slaughtering livestock can produce a large amount of processing leftovers, and the leftovers can not be better reused, usually are treated such as landfill, and cause sudden pollution and material waste; dan Ruili it also indicates that, in order to accelerate the breeding cycle of livestock and poultry, the livestock and poultry farm is fed with artificial synthetic feed, the feed contains a large amount of mineral elements, various substances remain in the feces of livestock and poultry, if excessive fertilization is carried out, the heavy metal content in the soil exceeds the load, the fertility is reduced, and the planting yield is affected. Therefore, if slaughter offal is reused, on one hand, the natural feed capable of being fed is prepared, mineral elements in the feed are reduced, the influence of soil fertility is avoided, and meanwhile, the feed demand of the breeding industry can be relieved. On the other hand, the fertilizer can be prepared and fed back to the planting industry, and the development of the industry can be well promoted. At present, similar technical schemes are rarely disclosed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal.
The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing:
putting the livestock slaughtering leftovers into a pulverizer for pulverizing treatment, and obtaining pulverized materials for standby after finishing;
(2) And (3) sterilization treatment:
sterilizing the crushed material obtained in the step (1), and carrying out solid-liquid natural stacking separation on the crushed material after the sterilization is finished to obtain a liquid separated material and a solid separated material for later use;
further, the sterilization treatment in the step (2) adopts a heating treatment mode, and the heating temperature is controlled to be 80-90 ℃.
(3) Fermentation treatment:
a. inoculating composite fermentation bacteria A to the liquid separating material obtained in the step (2), fermenting for 20-25 h, concentrating to obtain powder, and obtaining primary fermentation powder for later use;
b. inoculating composite zymophyte B to the solid separating material obtained in the step (2), fermenting for 72-78 h, and then naturally piling and separating again to separate solid matters and separating liquid for later use;
c. concentrating the separating liquid obtained in the operation b into powder, and then mixing the powder with the primary fermentation powder obtained in the operation a to obtain mixed powder for standby;
further, the inoculation amount of the composite fermentation bacteria A in the operation a in the step (3) is 2-3% of the total mass of the liquid separation material; the composite zymocyte A is prepared from bacillus belicus, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus bulgaricus according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 1.5-2: 1:1 to 1.2; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 40-45 ℃ during the fermentation treatment.
Further, the inoculation amount of the composite fermentation bacteria B in the operation B in the step (3) is 5-7% of the total mass of the solid separating material; the composite zymophyte B is prepared from lactobacillus and saccharomycetes according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 1.5-2: 1, mixing; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 35-40 ℃ during the fermentation treatment.
(4) Preparing an additive:
mixing CAT composite feed additive, feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, peanut shell powder, corn husk and water to prepare additive for later use;
(5) And (3) preparing feed:
mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) and the additive obtained in the step (4) together to obtain a finished feed;
further, the preparation method of the CAT composite feed additive in the step (4) comprises the following steps: (1) mixing and crushing noni fruits, detoxified castor cake, sodium alginate and garlic, putting the mixture into leaching liquor, leaching for 4-6 hours, and carrying out suction filtration to obtain a filtrate for later use; (2) naturally standing the filtrate obtained in the step (1) to obtain a separating liquid for later use; (3) and (3) drying the separating liquid obtained in the step (2) to obtain the CAT compound feed additive. The weight ratio of calcium hydrophosphate to peanut shell powder to corn husk to water is 2-4: 7-10: 2 to 4:1 to 2.
Further, the weight ratio of noni fruits, detoxified castor cakes, sodium alginate and garlic in the step (1) is 1:2-3: 3:1; the leaching solution consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 5-9 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 7-12 parts of sucrose and 90-95 parts of edible alcohol; the volume concentration of the edible alcohol is 70-75%.
Further, the preparation method of the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate in the step (4) comprises the following steps: (1) will w (P) 2 O 5 ) Feed grade phosphoric acid with the concentration of more than or equal to 50 percent and w (CaCO) 3 ) 60% -65% CaCO 3 The slurry is sent to a pre-reactor in a certain feeding proportion to react at a certain temperature, and the slurry is obtained for standby after the reaction is completed; (2) throwing the slurry obtained in the step (1) into a mixing reaction granulator for granulation treatment to obtain wet particles for later use; (3) putting the wet particles obtained in the step (2) into a dryer, and drying to obtain dry particles; (4) crushing and screening the dry particles obtained in the step (3).
Further, the slurry w (CaCO 3) in the step (1) is controlled to be 60-65%, the phosphoric acid w (P2O 5) is controlled to be 50-60%, and the mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus is controlled to be 0.60-0.80; and (3) controlling the material drying temperature in the step (3) to be 70-80 ℃.
Further, the weight ratio of the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) and the additive obtained in the step (4) is 1:2 to 3.
(6) And (3) preparation of fertilizer:
naturally airing and crushing the separated solid matters obtained in the step (3), and adding monopotassium phosphate to obtain the finished fertilizer.
Further, the preparation method of the monopotassium phosphate in the step (6) comprises the following steps: (1) phosphoric acid (75% -85%) by a heating method is mixed with analytically pure potassium chloride in a certain proportion for standby. (2) Preparing cyclohexane and isoamyl alcohol with a certain proportion, and mixing for standby. (3) Mixing the solutions obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) with a certain device, and setting a certain stirrer rotating speed to obtain the treatment solution for standby. (4) And (3) naturally standing the treatment liquid obtained in the step (3) for a certain time, and separating and drying to obtain the monopotassium phosphate water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the molar ratio of phosphoric acid to potassium chloride in the step (1) is controlled to be 0.9-1.3: 1 to 1.5.
Further, the molar ratio of the cyclohexane to the isoamyl alcohol in the step (2) is controlled to be 1.2-1.4.
Further, the molar ratio of the step (1) to the step (2) solution is controlled to be 3-5: 1 to 3; the rotational speed of the stirrer is 360-380 rpm.
The bacillus belicus added in the composite fermentation bacterium A can secrete various decomposing enzymes, antibacterial proteins, lipopeptid antibiotics, polyketide antibiotics, plant hormones and the like at the temperature of 40-45 ℃, wherein the decomposing enzymes can decompose macromolecular components such as proteins, fats and the like into peptides and the like which are easy to absorb, so that rich nutritional components can be provided, and the plant hormones, the antibacterial proteins and the like can promote the growth of crops; the added bacillus subtilis can secrete a large amount of amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase and the like, effectively decompose macromolecular components, provide a large amount of nutritional raw materials for feeds and fertilizers, and simultaneously produce active substances such as antibiotics and the like which can enhance the health of animal organisms, purify soil environment and play a role in resisting bacteria and sterilizing; the added lactobacillus bulgaricus can ferment and decompose lactose, the produced glucose and galactose can provide a large amount of energy sources for animals and plants, and the produced special flavor can also enhance the feeding attraction of the feed.
The lactobacillus added in the composite zymophyte B can produce substances such as special organic acid, special enzyme system, acidophile and the like by fermenting and decomposing carbohydrate, so that the composite zymophyte B not only can promote animal growth, regulate normal flora of gastrointestinal tracts, maintain microecological balance, improve food digestibility and biological titer, but also can play a role in inhibiting and killing various harmful pathogens; the added saccharomycete can increase and improve the flavor of the feed, promote the absorption of animals on elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron and the like, and improve the utilization value of the feed.
The CAT compound feed additive consists of noni, detoxified castor cake, sodium alginate, garlic and other components, wherein the noni is beneficial to promoting the blood circulation of animals and the metabolism of organisms; the detoxified castor cake meal contains more than 45.00% of protein and various amino acids after being separated by the shell meal, has good palatability, can use high energy, can promote animal growth and development more highly, and can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants after being applied into soil as inorganic fertilizer to be converted into ammonium nitrate salt, thereby improving N, P, K three elements in the soil, being capable of obviously improving physicochemical properties of the soil and improving water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil; the garlicin in the garlic can help to digest food better, can obviously improve the adaptability of the poultry to the feed, can make the appetite of the poultry better, thereby improving the yield, and can promote the peristalsis of intestines and stomach, can improve the probability of weight increment and feed utilization, thereby improving the strong food calling effect; under the synergistic interaction of the raw material components, the feed additive can obviously improve the performance of livestock, well improve the breeding benefit, is nontoxic and harmless to soil, can even improve the soil condition, and has popularization and application values.
The invention adds feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, which is used for replacing bone meal in the feed industry and is used as a supplement for animal auxiliary materials of calcium and phosphorus, so that the feed digestibility can be promoted, and the weight of the poultry can be increased, thereby increasing the meat yield, the milk yield and the egg yield. Wherein, the added calcium carbonate neutralizes partial acidulant to raise the pH and acid-series strength of the feed for the fish larvae, thereby playing a role of increasing the crystallization of particles, providing mineral nutrition such as phosphorus, calcium and the like for the compound feed for the livestock and the poultry better, and ensuring that the feed is very easy to digest and absorb; accelerating the growth and development of livestock and poultry, shortening the fattening period and rapidly increasing the weight; improving the breeding rate and survival rate of livestock and poultry, enhancing the disease resistance and cold resistance of livestock and poultry, and preventing and treating chondropathy, white diarrhea and paralysis diseases of livestock and poultry.
The fertilizer added with the monopotassium phosphate can become an excellent quick-acting phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer. After the application at the key moment, the requirement of crops on phosphorus and potassium can be quickly made up, and the special effect can be achieved in the special physiological period of the crops. (1) promoting photosynthesis: the potassium element plays a role in enhancing photosynthesis of crops in the growth of the crops and accelerating the manufacture and conversion of nutrients. (2) improving stress resistance of crops. The monopotassium phosphate can improve the stress resistance of crops, such as drought resistance, dry hot air resistance, waterlogging resistance, freezing resistance, damage resistance, healing promotion, bacterial infection resistance and the like. (3) improving the quality of fruits. The spraying in the fruit expanding period can play a role in protecting and strengthening the fruits, promoting the fruit expansion, improving the quality of the fruits, increasing the coloring, improving the mouthfeel and the like. (4) regulating crop growth. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate has the function of regulator, and can promote the differentiation of flower buds, increase the flowering number, make the flower buds strong, strengthen flowers and protect fruits, improve the fruit setting rate, and effectively promote the growth and development of root systems. Is a high-concentration phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and a high-quality chlorine-free potassium fertilizer, is suitable for various grains, vegetables and economic crops, such as wheat, millet, corn, rice, cotton, peanut, sorghum, eggplant, tomatoes, potatoes and the like, and has obvious yield increasing effect. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate is generally used for 1-1.5 per mu, and the rice and wheat can be generally increased by about 20% after seed soaking, leaf surface spraying or root irrigation.
The separated solid matters generated after fermentation also contain a large amount of nutrient components, and after fermentation and decomposition, the materials are fully degraded, and after being applied to soil as fertilizer, the materials can be rapidly decomposed and utilized by bacteria in the soil, so that the use value is higher and better.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal, which can well process and utilize the livestock slaughtering offal, and process the livestock slaughtering offal into finished feed and fertilizer, wherein the feed can be directly fed to livestock, thus reducing the grain breeding cost, the fertilizer can be used for fertilizing crops, promoting the development of crop industry, effectively utilizing the livestock slaughtering offal, improving the utilization rate of materials, and being simple in method, easy to popularize and apply and having great market economic value.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing:
putting the livestock slaughtering leftovers into a pulverizer for pulverizing treatment, and obtaining pulverized materials for standby after finishing;
(2) And (3) sterilization treatment:
sterilizing the crushed material obtained in the step (1), and then carrying out solid-liquid natural stacking separation on the crushed material after the sterilization is finished to obtain a liquid separated material and a solid separated material for later use.
The sterilization treatment in the step (2) adopts a heating mode, and the heating temperature is controlled at 80 ℃.
(3) Fermentation treatment:
a. inoculating composite zymophyte A to the liquid separating material obtained in the step (2), fermenting for 20 hours, concentrating to powder, and obtaining primary fermentation powder for later use;
b. inoculating composite zymophyte B to the solid separating material obtained in the step (2), fermenting for 72h, and then naturally piling and separating again to separate solid matters and separating liquid for later use;
c. concentrating the separating liquid obtained in the operation b into powder, and then mixing the powder with the primary fermentation powder obtained in the operation a to obtain mixed powder for standby;
(4) Preparing an additive:
mixing CAT composite feed additive, feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, peanut shell powder, corn husk and water to prepare additive for later use;
(5) And (3) preparing feed:
mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) and the additive obtained in the step (4) together to obtain a finished feed;
(6) And (3) preparation of fertilizer:
naturally airing and crushing the separated solid matters obtained in the step (3), and adding monopotassium phosphate to obtain the finished fertilizer.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte A in the operation a in the step (3) is 2% of the total mass of the liquid separating material; the composite zymocyte A is prepared from bacillus belicus, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus bulgaricus according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 1.5:1:1, mixing; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 40 ℃ during fermentation treatment.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte B in the operation B of the step (3) is 5 percent of the total mass of the solid separating material; the composite zymophyte B is prepared from lactobacillus and saccharomycetes according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 1.5:1, mixing; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 35 ℃ during the fermentation treatment.
The preparation method of the CAT composite feed additive in the step (4) comprises the following steps: (1) mixing and crushing noni fruits, detoxified castor cake, sodium alginate and garlic, adding the mixture into leaching liquor, carrying out ultrasonic leaching treatment for 4 hours, and carrying out suction filtration to obtain a filtrate for later use; (2) naturally standing the filtrate obtained in the step (1) to obtain a separating liquid for later use; (3) and (3) drying the separating liquid obtained in the step (2) to obtain the CAT compound feed additive.
The weight ratio of noni fruits, detoxified castor cake, sodium alginate and garlic in the step (1) is 1:2:3:1; the leaching solution consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 7 parts of sucrose and 90 parts of edible alcohol; the volume concentration of the edible alcohol is 70%.
The preparation method of the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate in the step (4) comprises the following steps: (1) will w (P) 2 O 5 ) 50% feed grade phosphoric acid with w (CaCO) 3 ) 60% CaCO 3 Feeding the slurry into a pre-reactor for reaction according to a certain feeding proportion, and obtaining the slurry for standby after the reaction is completed; (2) throwing the slurry obtained in the step (1) into a mixing reaction granulator for granulation treatment to obtain wet particles for later use; (3) putting the wet particles obtained in the step (2) into a dryer, and drying to obtain dry particles; (4) crushing and screening the dry particles obtained in the step (3).
Further, in the step (1), the phosphoric acid w (P2O 5) is 50%, the slurry w (CaCO 3) is 60%, and the mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus is 0.60.
Further, the material drying temperature in the step (3) is controlled to be 70 ℃.
The weight ratio of the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, peanut shell powder, corn husk to water in the step (4) is 2:7:2:1.
the weight ratio of the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) in the step (5) to the additive obtained in the step (4) is 1:2.
the preparation method of the monopotassium phosphate in the step (6) comprises the following steps: (1) phosphoric acid (75% -85%) by a heating method is mixed with analytically pure potassium chloride in a certain proportion for standby. (2) Preparing cyclohexane and isoamyl alcohol with a certain proportion, and mixing for standby. (3) Mixing the solutions obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) with a certain device, and setting a certain stirrer rotating speed to obtain the treatment solution for standby. (4) Naturally standing the treatment liquid obtained in the step (3) for a certain time, and separating and drying to obtain the potassium dihydrogen phosphate water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the molar ratio of phosphoric acid to potassium chloride feed in step (1) is controlled to be 0.9:1.
further, the molar ratio of cyclohexane to isoamyl alcohol in the step (2) is controlled to be 1.2.
Further, the molar ratio of the step (1) to the step (2) solution in the step (3) is controlled to be 3:1, a step of; the rotational speed of the stirrer is controlled to 360rpm.
Example 2
A method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing:
putting the livestock slaughtering leftovers into a pulverizer for pulverizing treatment, and obtaining pulverized materials for standby after finishing;
(2) And (3) sterilization treatment:
sterilizing the crushed material obtained in the step (1), and carrying out solid-liquid natural stacking separation on the crushed material after the sterilization is finished to obtain a liquid separated material and a solid separated material for later use;
(3) Fermentation treatment:
a. inoculating composite zymophyte A to the liquid separating material obtained in the step (2), fermenting for 23h, concentrating to obtain primary fermentation powder for later use;
b. inoculating composite zymophyte B to the solid separating material obtained in the step (2), fermenting for 76h, and then carrying out natural stacking separation again to separate solid matters and separating liquid for later use;
c. concentrating the separating liquid obtained in the operation b into powder, and then mixing the powder with the primary fermentation powder obtained in the operation a to obtain mixed powder for standby;
(4) Preparing an additive:
mixing CAT composite feed additive, feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, peanut shell powder, corn husk and water to prepare additive for later use;
(5) And (3) preparing feed:
mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) and the additive obtained in the step (4) together to obtain a finished feed;
(6) And (3) preparation of fertilizer:
naturally airing and crushing the separated solid matters obtained in the step (3), and adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to obtain the finished fertilizer.
The sterilization treatment in the step (2) adopts a heating mode, and the heating temperature is controlled at 85 ℃.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte A in the operation a in the step (3) is 2.5 percent of the total mass of the liquid separating material; the composite zymocyte A is prepared from bacillus belicus, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus bulgaricus according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 1.8:1:1.1, mixing; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 42 ℃ during fermentation treatment.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte B in the operation B of the step (3) is 6 percent of the total mass of the solid separating material; the composite zymophyte B is prepared from lactobacillus and saccharomycetes according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 1.8:1, mixing; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 38 ℃ during the fermentation treatment.
The preparation method of the CAT composite feed additive in the step (4) comprises the following steps: (1) mixing and crushing noni fruits, detoxified castor cake, sodium alginate and garlic, adding the mixture into leaching liquor, carrying out ultrasonic leaching for 5 hours, and carrying out suction filtration to obtain a filtrate for later use; (2) naturally standing the filtrate obtained in the step (1) to obtain a separating liquid for later use; (3) and (3) drying the separating liquid obtained in the step (2) to obtain the CAT compound feed additive.
Further, the weight ratio of noni fruits, detoxified castor cakes, sodium alginate and garlic in the step (1) is 1:2.5:3:1; the leaching solution consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 7 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 10 parts of sucrose and 92 parts of edible alcohol; the volume concentration of the edible alcohol is 73%.
The preparation method of the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate in the step (4) comprises the following steps: (1) will w (P) 2 O 5 ) 55% feed grade phosphoric acid with w (CaCO) 3 ) 63% CaCO 3 Feeding the slurry into a pre-reactor for reaction according to a certain feeding proportion, and obtaining the slurry for standby after the reaction is completed; (2) throwing the slurry obtained in the step (1) into a mixing reaction granulator for granulation treatment to obtain wet particles for later use; (3) putting the wet particles obtained in the step (2) into a dryer, and drying to obtain dry particles; (4) crushing and screening the dry particles obtained in the step (3).
Further, the phosphoric acid w (P) described in the step (1) 2 O 5 ) Controlled to 55%, the slurry w (CaCO) 3 ) The mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus is controlled to be 63% and 0.69.
Further, the material drying temperature in the step (3) is controlled to be 75 ℃.
The weight ratio of CAT composite feed additive, feed grade calcium hydrophosphate, peanut shell powder, corn husk and water in the step (4) is 4:3:8:3:1.5.
the weight ratio of the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) in the step (5) to the additive obtained in the step (4) is 1:2.6.
the preparation method of the monopotassium phosphate in the step (6) comprises the following steps: (1) phosphoric acid (75% -85%) by a heating method is mixed with analytically pure potassium chloride in a certain proportion for standby. (2) Preparing cyclohexane and isoamyl alcohol with a certain proportion, and mixing for standby. (3) Mixing the solutions obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) in a certain device, and setting a certain stirrer rotating speed to obtain the treatment solution for standby. (4) And (3) naturally standing the treatment liquid obtained in the step (3) for a certain time, and separating and drying to obtain the monopotassium phosphate water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the molar ratio of phosphoric acid to potassium chloride feed in step (1) is controlled to be 1.1:1.2.
further, the molar ratio of cyclohexane to isoamyl alcohol in the step (2) is controlled to be 1.3.
Further, the molar ratio of the step (1) to the step (2) solution in the step (3) is controlled to be 4:2; the rotational speed of the stirrer was controlled to 370rpm.
Example 3
A method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing:
putting the livestock slaughtering leftovers into a pulverizer for pulverizing treatment, and obtaining pulverized materials for standby after finishing;
(2) And (3) sterilization treatment:
sterilizing the crushed material obtained in the step (1), and carrying out solid-liquid natural stacking separation on the crushed material after the sterilization is finished to obtain a liquid separated material and a solid separated material for later use;
the sterilization treatment in the step (2) adopts a heating treatment mode, and the heating temperature is controlled to be 90 ℃.
(3) Fermentation treatment:
a. inoculating composite zymophyte A to the liquid centrifugal material obtained in the step (2), fermenting for 25 hours, concentrating to powder, and obtaining primary fermentation powder for later use;
b. inoculating composite zymophyte B to the solid centrifugal material obtained in the step (2), fermenting for 78 hours, and then naturally piling and separating again to obtain a solid separator and a liquid separator for later use;
c. concentrating the filtrate obtained in the operation b into powder, and then mixing the powder with the primary fermentation powder obtained in the operation a to obtain mixed powder for later use;
(4) Preparing an additive:
mixing CAT composite feed additive, feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, calcium carbonate, peanut shell powder, corn husk and water to prepare additive for later use;
(5) And (3) preparing feed:
mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) and the additive obtained in the step (4) together to obtain a finished feed;
(6) And (3) preparation of fertilizer:
naturally airing and crushing the filtered solid obtained in the step (3), and adding dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to obtain the finished fertilizer.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte A in the operation a in the step (3) is 3% of the total mass of the liquid centrifugal material; the composite zymocyte A is prepared from bacillus belicus, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus bulgaricus according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 2:1:1.2, mixing; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 45 ℃ during fermentation treatment.
The inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte B in the operation B in the step (3) is 7% of the total mass of the solid centrifugal material; the composite zymophyte B is prepared from lactobacillus and saccharomycetes according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 2:1, mixing; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 40 ℃ during the fermentation treatment.
The preparation method of the CAT composite feed additive in the step (4) comprises the following steps: (1) mixing and crushing noni fruits, detoxified castor cake, sodium alginate and garlic, adding the mixture into leaching liquor, carrying out ultrasonic leaching for 6 hours, and carrying out suction filtration to obtain a filtrate for later use; (2) naturally standing the filtrate obtained in the step (1) to obtain a separating liquid for later use; (3) performing freeze drying treatment on the separation liquid obtained in the step (2) to obtain the CAT compound feed additive; the freezing temperature during the freeze-drying treatment was controlled to-22 ℃.
Further, the weight ratio of noni fruits, detoxified castor cakes, sodium alginate and garlic in the step (1) is 1:3:3:1; the leaching solution consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 9 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 12 parts of sucrose and 95 parts of edible alcohol; the volume concentration of the edible alcohol is 75%.
The preparation method of the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate in the step (4) comprises the following steps: (1) will w (P) 2 O 5 ) Feed grade phosphoric acid 60% with w (CaCO) 3 ) 65% CaCO 3 Feeding the slurry into a pre-reactor for reaction according to a certain feeding proportion, and obtaining the slurry for standby after the reaction is completed; (2) throwing the slurry obtained in the step (1) into a mixing reaction granulator for granulation treatment to obtain wet particles for later use; (3) putting the wet particles obtained in the step (2) into a dryer, and drying to obtain dry particles; (4) crushing and screening the dry particles obtained in the step (3).
Further, the slurry w (CaCO) in the step (1) 3 ) 65%, of said phosphoric acid w (P) 2 O 5 ) 60% and the mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus is controlled to be 0.80.
Further, the material drying temperature in the step (3) is controlled to be 80 ℃.
The weight ratio of CAT composite feed additive, feed grade calcium hydrophosphate, calcium carbonate, peanut shell powder, corn husk and water in the step (4) is 5:4:10:4:2.
the weight ratio of the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) in the step (5) to the additive obtained in the step (4) is 1:3.
the preparation method of the monopotassium phosphate in the step (6) comprises the following steps: (1) phosphoric acid (75% -85%) by a heating method is mixed with analytically pure potassium chloride in a certain proportion for standby. (2) Preparing cyclohexane and isoamyl alcohol with a certain proportion, and mixing for standby. (3) Mixing the solutions obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) with a certain device, and setting a certain rotating speed to obtain the treatment solution for standby. (4) And (3) naturally standing the treatment liquid obtained in the step (3) for a certain time, and separating and drying to obtain the monopotassium phosphate water-soluble fertilizer.
Further, the molar ratio of phosphoric acid to potassium chloride feed in step (1) is controlled to be 1.3:1.5.
further, the molar ratio of cyclohexane to isoamyl alcohol in the step (2) is controlled to be 1.4.
Further, the molar ratio of the step (1) to the step (2) solution in the step (3) is controlled to be 5:3, a step of; the rotational speed of the stirrer is controlled to be 380rpm.
According to the preparation method, the used zymophyte can fully decompose beneficial components such as protein, polysaccharide, fat and the like in the livestock slaughtering offal into small molecules which are easy to absorb, and then the small molecules are prepared into the feed and the fertilizer, so that on one hand, the absorption effect can be improved, on the other hand, the slaughtering offal can be more fully utilized, and the method is green and safe, easy to popularize and extremely has market competitiveness.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example 1 is different from example 1 only in that only the CAT compound feed additive obtained in the step (4) was used in the preparation of the feed, and no feed-grade calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, peanut shell powder, corn husks, water mixed ingredients were added.
In order to compare the effects of the present invention, the fish were fed with the feeds prepared in the above examples 1 and 1, and it was found that the feed in example 1 had a conversion rate increased by about 2% and 8% respectively, a dry matter and nitrogen discharge rate decreased by about 12% and 4% respectively, a diarrhea rate decreased by about 37% and a morbidity decreased by more than 50% compared with the control group. The feed prepared by the invention has good application and popularization values.
For comparison of the effect of the present invention, the content of the additive containing CAT compound feed additive prepared in example 1 and the content of the additive component not added with peanut hulls and corn hulls prepared in comparative example 1 are compared, and specific comparison data are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Comparative example 2
The difference between this comparative example 2 and example 2 is that only the additive obtained in step (4) was used in the preparation of the feed, and the powder mixture component was not added.
In order to compare the effects of the present invention, the fish were fed with the feed prepared in example 2 and comparative example 2, and it was found that the feed conversion rate of the fish fed in example 2 was improved by about 3% and 5% respectively, the discharge amount of dry matter and nitrogen was reduced by about 10% and 3% respectively, the diarrhea rate was reduced by about 32% and the morbidity was reduced by more than 40% compared with the control group. The feed prepared by the invention has good application prospect.
Comparative example 3
The prior common nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (taking the Lai four-vitamin as an example).
In order to compare the effects of the present invention, in the case that the fertilizer prepared in example 3 and comparative example 3 is used in the planting production of wheat, it is found that the wheat planted in example 3 has about 10% improvement in nitrogen fixation capacity of plants and about 5% improvement in the capacity of plants to rapidly synthesize proteins, chlorophyll and other substances, and the overall resistance of plants can be improved as compared with comparative example 3. Secondly, the water retention capacity of the soil is enhanced by 6%; when microorganisms in the fertilizer are active, the soil porosity degree and the porosity degree can be improved, the soil volume weight can be reduced by about 13%, and the porosity degree can be increased by 10.5%. The fertilizer obtained in the example 3 can reduce the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests in the plant growth process by improving the biological property of soil, the acre yield is increased by about 25%, the disease rate is reduced by about 45%, the use effect is better, and the popularization and application value is higher. The content of the conventional nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (taking lewye as an example) is compared with that of the compound fertilizer prepared in example 3, and the content is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Fertilizer name | Nitrogen (N) | Phosphorus (P) | Potassium (K) |
| Example 3 fertiliser | 33～38％ | 26～28％ | 17～19％ |
| Lesivelet (R) | 17～18％ | 15～16％ | 18～19％ |
Comparative example 4
The treatment mode of the livestock slaughtering offal in this comparative example 4 is: and (3) carrying out natural composting fermentation treatment on the mixture for 6-8 d in a conventional manner, and obtaining the fermentation material after the completion of the fermentation treatment.
To compare the effect of the present invention, odor comparison was performed on the separated solids obtained in example 4 and the fermented material obtained in comparative example 4, and specific comparison data are shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Table 3
Note that: the odor intensities described in table 3 above total 5 levels, 0 level representing no odor, 1 level representing barely perceived slight odor (perceived threshold concentration level), 2 level representing easily perceived slight odor (perceived threshold concentration level), 2.5-3.5 level representing clearly perceived odor, 4 level representing strong odor, 5 level representing intolerable strong odor, and the greater the number, the more pronounced the odor. As can be seen from Table 3, the composite fermentation flora A and B treatment of the invention can obviously reduce the odor degree of livestock slaughter offal, so that the livestock slaughter offal becomes an environment-friendly novel biofertilizer.
The lowest concentration of smelling substances becomes the odor threshold concentration, the odorless water sample is added to be diluted continuously until the dilution multiple of the concentration of smelling odor is called the odor threshold, as can be seen from table 3, the composite fermentation flora a and B treatment of the present invention can significantly reduce the odor threshold of the livestock slaughter offal, and control the harmful gas of the livestock slaughter offal.
As can be seen from Table 3, the composite fermentation flora A and B of the invention can obviously reduce the odor emission intensity of livestock slaughter offal, improve the environmental quality of an organic farmland, and is a safe, clean and harmless production mode.
Comparative example 5
The comparative example 5 is different from the conventional fish feed only in that the feed prepared in the present invention uses the CAT composite feed additive, peanut shell powder, corn husk, water mixed additive and feed-grade calcium hydrogen phosphate component obtained in the step (4).
In order to compare the effect of the invention, the fish is fed with the feed prepared in the comparative example 5 and the common fish feed, and the fish fed in the comparative example 5 can be effectively shortened by 5 to 10 days compared with the common animal feed, so that the fish can quickly gain weight; meanwhile, the breeding rate of the fish is improved by about 10-15%, and the survival rate is improved by 2-3%. From Table 3, it can be seen that the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate has higher content of nutrient elements such as calcium, phosphorus and the like, can promote the digestion of the feed, is easy to enter the animal body and participate in metabolism, forms hormone, enzyme and vitamin required by the body, and maintains the ratio of phosphorus to calcium in bones, thereby preventing various diseases of the animal caused by calcium deficiency, promoting the rapid growth of the animal body, increasing the weight of the poultry, increasing the meat yield, milk yield and egg yield, and simultaneously treating rickets, osteomalacia, anemia and the like of livestock.
For comparison of the effects of the present invention, the contents of the additive containing feed-grade calcium hydrogen phosphate prepared in example 2 and the components of the additive containing no feed-grade calcium hydrogen phosphate prepared in comparative example 5 were compared, and specific comparison data are shown in Table 4 below:
TABLE 4 Table 4
Test case one
1. The test selects to spray the monopotassium phosphate solution with different concentrations at the end stage of booting rice and the snapping stage.
Group A1: the conventional fertilizer for rice is sprayed at the booting stage and the heading stage of the rice;
group A2: the conventional fertilizer for paddy rice and the monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 50 g/mu in the example 1 are respectively sprayed at the late booting stage and the scion alignment stage of the paddy rice;
group A3: the conventional fertilizer for paddy rice and the monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 100 g/mu in the example 1 are respectively sprayed at the end stage of booting and the scion alignment stage of paddy rice;
group A4: the conventional fertilizer for paddy rice and the monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 150 g/mu in the example 1 are respectively sprayed at the end stage of booting and the scion alignment stage of paddy rice;
group A5: the conventional fertilizer for paddy rice and the monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 200 g/mu in the example 1 are respectively sprayed at the end stage of booting and the scion alignment stage of paddy rice;
2. all tests are carried out on the rice under the same growing environment, and the plant height, the spike length, the effective spike number, the fruiting rate, the thousand grain weight, the actual yield and the yield increase of the rice are investigated and recorded;
3. the test results are shown in table 5 below:
TABLE 5
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As can be seen from Table 5, the yield of rice can be improved by 0.10% -2.58% by spraying the monopotassium phosphate, wherein the yield is increased by 2.83% by spraying 200 g/mu of the monopotassium phosphate at the end of booting and in the snapping stage. The spraying of the monopotassium phosphate can enhance the photosynthetic capacity of the rice and improve the ear forming rate; promote the grain filling in the mature period, improve the setting rate and thousand seed weight, and further improve the rice yield.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention, which modifications would also be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Crushing:
putting the livestock slaughtering leftovers into a pulverizer for pulverizing treatment, and obtaining pulverized materials for standby after finishing;
(2) And (3) sterilization treatment:
sterilizing the crushed material obtained in the step (1), and carrying out solid-liquid natural stacking separation on the crushed material after the sterilization is finished to obtain a liquid separated material and a solid separated material for later use;
(3) Fermentation treatment:
a. inoculating composite fermentation bacteria A to the liquid separation material obtained in the step (2), performing fermentation treatment for 20-25 hours, and concentrating to obtain powder, and obtaining primary fermentation powder for later use; the inoculation amount of the composite fermentation bacteria A is 2-3% of the total mass of the liquid centrifugal material; the composite zymocyte A is prepared from bacillus belicus, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus bulgaricus according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 1.5-2: 1: 1-1.2;
b. inoculating composite zymophyte B to the solid separating material obtained in the step (2), fermenting for 72-78 hours, and then naturally piling and separating again to separate solid matters and separating liquid for later use; the inoculation amount of the composite zymophyte B is 5-7% of the total mass of the solid centrifugal material; the composite zymophyte B is prepared from lactobacillus and saccharomycetes according to the corresponding quantity ratio of 1.5-2: 1, mixing;
c. concentrating the separating liquid obtained in the operation b into powder, and then mixing the powder with the primary fermentation powder obtained in the operation a to obtain mixed powder for standby;
(4) Preparing an additive:
mixing CAT composite feed additive, feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, peanut shell powder, corn husk and water to prepare additive for later use; the preparation method of the CAT compound feed additive comprises the following steps: (1) mixing and crushing noni fruits, detoxified castor cake, sodium alginate and garlic, and then adding the mixture into leaching solution, leaching for 4-6 hours, and performing suction filtration to obtain a filtrate for later use; (2) naturally stacking the filtrate obtained in the step (1) to obtain a separating liquid for later use; (3) drying the separating liquid obtained in the step (2) to obtain the CAT compound feed additive;
the weight ratio of noni fruits, detoxified castor cake meal, sodium alginate and garlic in the step (1) is 1:2-3: 3:1; the leaching solution consists of the following substances in parts by weight: 5-9 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 7-12 parts of sucrose and 90-95 parts of edible alcohol; the volume concentration of the edible alcohol is 70-75%; the weight ratio of calcium hydrophosphate to peanut shell powder to corn husk to water is 2-4: 7-10: 2-4: 1-2;
(5) And (3) preparing feed:
mixing the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) and the additive obtained in the step (4) together to obtain a finished feed;
(6) And (3) preparation of fertilizer:
naturally airing and crushing the separated solid matters obtained in the step (3), and adding the monopotassium phosphate water-soluble fertilizer to obtain the finished fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 40-45 ℃ in the fermentation treatment in the operation a in the step (3); and (3) controlling the fermentation temperature to be 35-40 ℃ in the fermentation treatment in the step (3).
3. The method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughter offal according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate in the step (4) comprises the following steps: (1) the mass fraction of P is more than or equal to 50 percent 2 O 5 Feed-grade phosphoric acid and CaCO with mass fraction of 60-65% 3 The slurry is sent to the reactor in a certain feeding proportionCarrying out reaction in a pre-reactor, and obtaining slurry for standby after the reaction is completed; (2) throwing the slurry obtained in the step (1) into a mixing reaction granulator for granulation treatment to obtain wet particles for later use; (3) putting the wet particles obtained in the step (2) into a dryer, and drying to obtain dry particles; (4) crushing and screening the dry particles obtained in the step (3).
4. The method for preparing feed and fertilizer from livestock slaughter offal according to claim 3, wherein in the preparation method of feed-grade calcium hydrophosphate, phosphoric acid and CaCO in the step (1) are mixed 3 The mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus mixed by the slurry is controlled to be 0.60-0.80, and the temperature of the reaction raw materials is controlled to be 50-60 ℃; and (3) controlling the drying temperature of the step (3) to be 70-80 ℃.
5. The method for preparing feed and fertilizer by using livestock slaughter offal according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the mixed powder and the additive in the step (5) is 1: 2-3.
6. The method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughter offal according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the monopotassium phosphate water-soluble fertilizer in the step (6) comprises the following steps: (1) mixing 75% -85% of hot phosphoric acid with analytically pure potassium chloride for later use; (2) preparing cyclohexane and isoamyl alcohol with a certain proportion, and mixing for later use; (3) mixing the solutions obtained in the step (1) and the step (2) in a certain device, and setting a certain stirrer rotating speed to obtain a treatment solution for later use; (4) and (3) naturally stacking the treatment liquid obtained in the step (3) for a certain time, and separating and drying to obtain the monopotassium phosphate water-soluble fertilizer.
7. The method for preparing feed and fertilizer by utilizing livestock slaughtering offal according to claim 6, wherein in the preparation method of the monopotassium phosphate water-soluble fertilizer, the molar ratio of phosphoric acid to potassium chloride in the step (1) is controlled to be 0.9-1.3: 1-1.5; the molar ratio of the cyclohexane to the isoamyl alcohol in the step (2) is controlled to be 1.2-1.4; the molar ratio of the solution obtained in the step (1) to the solution obtained in the step (2) in the step (3) is controlled to be 3-5: 1-3; the rotational speed of the stirrer is controlled to be 360-380 rpm.
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