CN113068591A - Organic culture medium based on silage feeding waste and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic culture medium based on silage feeding waste and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113068591A CN113068591A CN202110354933.0A CN202110354933A CN113068591A CN 113068591 A CN113068591 A CN 113068591A CN 202110354933 A CN202110354933 A CN 202110354933A CN 113068591 A CN113068591 A CN 113068591A
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- organic
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an organic culture substrate based on silage feeding waste, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 25-50% of feeding waste leavening, 0-20% of mushroom residue leavening, 20-25% of organic fertilizer and 25-30% of base material. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the organic culture medium. The organic culture medium obtained by the invention has excellent physical and chemical properties, and the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, has high efficiency and is easy for industrial popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic culture substrates, in particular to an organic culture substrate based on silage feeding waste and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The organic culture medium is prepared from crop straw, mushroom dregs, peat, sawdust, animal manure, etc. by fermenting or high-temperature treating, and mixing with river sand, coal cinder, vermiculite, pearlite, etc. at a certain ratio to form a relatively stable and buffering total nutrient culture medium raw material. The organic culture medium is a new high-efficiency soilless culture mode, and compared with the traditional soil culture, the organic culture medium has the advantages of avoiding continuous cropping obstacles, improving the yield and quality of crops, being not limited by regional conditions, saving water, fertilizer and labor and the like.
The relatively early organic matrix mainly takes underground excavated nonrenewable resource turf as a main raw material, so that the transportation cost is relatively high, and the resource waste and the environmental damage are easily caused. In recent years, organic culture substrates prepared from agricultural organic wastes serving as main raw materials through fermentation and compounding become a new material selection direction and a research focus, and more research reports are provided for preparing organic culture substrates by fermenting waste mushroom residues, leaves, manioc wastes, straws, chaffs, corn stalks, biogas residues, wine residues, wheat straws and tobacco stalks. For example, chinese patent CN110122265A (CN 201910508773.3) discloses a compound substrate of waste mushroom residue fermentation products, turf, vermiculite and the like, CN110028341A (CN 201910327957. x) discloses a substrate synthesized by fermenting southern Xinjiang leaves, CN109749944A (CN 201910181367.0) discloses a substrate synthesized by fermenting cassava residues, CN105684847B (CN 201610044694.8) discloses a substrate synthesized by mixing and fermenting straws, rice hulls, sawdust, biogas residues, mushroom residues and wine residues, CN107466722A (CN 201710800655.0) discloses a substrate synthesized by mixing and fermenting corn straws, rice straws, chaffs, wheat straws and the like, CN101250071A (200810015200.9) discloses a substrate synthesized by using corn straws, wheat straws and the like, and CN101743891A (200910163273.7) discloses a method for synthesizing a substrate by using tobacco straws.
The cattle and sheep silage corn straw feed waste material is feed residue which is prepared by crushing corn straws, adding a proper amount of additives, performing anaerobic fermentation to improve the palatability of the corn straws and improve the nutritional value of the corn straws, wherein the feed residue is large in volume and discarded because cattle and sheep do not like to eat. With the expansion of the breeding scale and the application of a large amount of silage, the amount of silage corn straw feed feeding waste of cattle and sheep is increased, huge resource waste is certainly formed, and serious environmental problems are caused. The waste is rich in various nutrient components such as protein, amino acid, trace elements and the like; wherein: the soluble sugar content is 1.64%, the neutral detergent fiber content is 69.46%, the acid detergent fiber content is 43.47%, the crude protein content is 6.83%, and the dry matter content is 19.83%, so that the biological resource has high utilization value. However, no relevant report is found for preparing the organic culture medium by fermentation by taking silage waste materials which are generated after feeding the silage corn straw feed for cattle and sheep and are not eaten but quit as main raw materials at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an organic culture medium based on silage feeding waste and a preparation method thereof, wherein the organic culture medium has excellent physical and chemical properties.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the organic culture medium based on silage feeding waste.
In order to solve the problems, the organic culture medium based on silage feeding waste is characterized in that: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 25-50% of feeding waste leavening, 0-20% of mushroom residue leavening, 20-25% of organic fertilizer and 25-30% of base material.
The feeding waste leavening is formed by crushing cattle and sheep silage corn straw feed feeding waste into particles with the particle size less than or equal to 0.5cm and stacking; adding 2.0kg of organic culture medium fermentation strain into every 1000kg of feeding waste, uniformly mixing, adding water to adjust the water content of a material pile to 60-65%; and (5) turning and fermenting to obtain the fertilizer.
The particle size of the cattle and sheep silage corn straw feed feeding waste is 2.0-5.0 cm.
The mushroom residue fermented product is prepared by bagging oyster mushroom bag culture mushroom residue, pulverizing to particle size of 0.5cm or less, and stacking; adding 1.0kg of organic culture medium fermentation strain into every 1000kg of mushroom residue, uniformly mixing, adding water to adjust the water content of a material pile to 60-65%; and (5) turning and fermenting to obtain the fertilizer.
The standard of pile building is that the bottom width is 4.0-5.0 m, the top width is 1.0-2.0 m, and the height is 1.0-1.5 m; and (3) scattering organic culture medium fermentation strains and water while stacking, adding once every 20-25 cm of thickness, and repeating the steps for four times and five times until the stacking is successful.
The turning fermentation is that when the temperature of a stack body rises to 65-70 ℃ and is maintained for 48 hours, a turner is used for turning the stack for the first time, and then the stack is turned once every 7 days; when fermenting for 25-35 days, adding plant ash or lime accounting for 2-3% of the mass of the stockpile to adjust the pH value of the stockpile to 6.8-7.5; when the temperature of the stack body is close to the environmental temperature and does not rise any more, and EC is less than or equal to 3ms, the fermentation is finished.
The organic fertilizer refers to one or two of decomposed chicken manure and decomposed cattle manure.
The base material is river sand or field soil.
The preparation method of the organic culture medium based on silage feeding waste is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, weighing according to the proportion; then, sieving the base material by a sieve of 2.0-4.0 mm to obtain the base material with impurities removed; secondly, uniformly mixing the feeding waste leavening, the mushroom residue leavening, the organic fertilizer and the impurity-removed base material to obtain a mixture; and finally, adding 0.5kg of lime nitrogen into each cubic meter of the mixture, fully and uniformly stirring, covering and stacking the mixture for more than 5 days by using a shed film, and performing aseptic treatment to obtain the feeding waste organic culture medium.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the organic cultivation medium is prepared by taking the cattle and sheep silage corn straw feed feeding waste and mushroom residues as raw materials, is rich in raw material resources, wide in source and low in price, and can reduce the cost by 30-40% compared with the method of taking grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite as main raw materials.
2. The corn straw feed feeding waste material of the silage of the cattle and sheep is derived from the corn straw, and the corn straw silage is subjected to ammoniation fermentation treatment without adding exogenous nitrogen for regulation, so that the production cost is reduced, and the decomposition speed of organic matters is increased, thereby shortening the fermentation process, and ensuring that the fermentation product has more complete nutrients and more sufficient nutrients.
3. The invention takes the cattle and sheep silage corn straw feed feeding waste and the mushroom residues as main raw materials of the organic culture medium, replaces turf to be applied to the soilless culture production of vegetables, not only protects turf resources, but also maximizes the value of the straw and the mushroom residues, fully utilizes the resources, and reduces the environmental problems caused by burning or abandoning the straw and excessive digging of the turf.
4. The organic culture medium obtained by the invention has excellent physical and chemical properties, simple and easy preparation method, high efficiency and easy industrial popularization.
Detailed Description
Example 1 an organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste, the substrate being in volume percent (volume unit: m)3) The compound is prepared from the following raw materials: 25% of feeding waste leavening, 20% of mushroom residue leavening, 25% of decomposed cow dung and 30% of river sand.
The preparation method of the organic culture medium comprises the following steps: firstly, weighing according to the proportion; then, sieving the base material by a sieve of 2.0-4.0 mm, and removing impurities in the base material to obtain an impurity-removed base material; secondly, uniformly mixing the feeding waste leavening, the mushroom residue leavening, the organic fertilizer and the impurity-removed base material to obtain a mixture; and finally, adding 0.5kg of lime nitrogen into each cubic meter of mixture, fully and uniformly stirring, covering and stacking for more than 5 days by using a shed film, and performing aseptic treatment to obtain the feeding waste organic culture medium.
The main physical properties of the organic cultivation medium were measured and compared with the commercially available straw peat organic cultivation medium, and the results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the organic culture medium meets the requirements of an ideal medium in terms of various physical indexes, and is more reasonable in wet volume weight and large-small pore ratio and more suitable for crop growth in terms of water holding and air permeability compared with a commercially available commodity medium.
The organic culture medium is applied to the cultivation of the greenhouse watermelon, and the application effects of the two mediums are shown in the table 2 under the same management condition by taking the commercial straw peat organic culture medium as a contrast. As can be seen from the table 2, the organic cultivation substrate disclosed by the invention is loose and better in air permeability, is more suitable for root growth, is obviously higher in the number of fruits per plant and the yield per plant than commercial substrates sold in the market, and has the effect of improving the soluble sugar content of crops.
Example 2 an organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste, the substrate being in volume percent (volume unit: m)3) The compound is prepared from the following raw materials: 30 percent of feeding waste leavening, 20 percent of mushroom residue leavening and 20 percent of thoroughly decomposed chicken manure,and 30% of river sand.
The preparation method of the organic cultivation medium is the same as that of example 1.
The main physical properties of the organic cultivation medium were measured and compared with the commercially available straw peat organic cultivation medium, and the results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the organic culture medium disclosed by the invention has various physical properties superior to those of commercial substrates sold in the market, is more loose and breathable, and is more suitable for crop growth due to water retention and breathability.
The organic culture medium is applied to the protected cultivation of cherry tomatoes, and the application effects of the two mediums are shown in the table 3 under the same management conditions by taking a commercially available straw peat organic culture medium as a contrast. From table 3, it can be found that the organic cultivation medium of the present invention can promote the improvement of biological characters of crop plant height, stem thickness, leaf number, single fruit weight, etc. in field production, and significantly increase crop yield by increasing the single fruit weight of crops.
Example 3 an organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste, the substrate being in volume percent (volume unit: m)3) The compound is prepared from the following raw materials: 50% of feeding waste leavening, 8% of decomposed chicken manure, 17% of decomposed cattle manure and 25% of field soil.
The preparation method of the organic cultivation medium is the same as that of example 1.
The main physical properties of the organic cultivation medium were measured and compared with the commercially available straw peat organic cultivation medium, and the results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the organic culture medium disclosed by the invention is smaller in dry volume weight and wet volume weight and larger in air permeability, and shows that the medium is more loose and better in air permeability than a commercially available commodity medium, and is more favorable for the growth of crops.
The organic culture medium is applied to the protected cultivation of cherry tomatoes, and the application effects of the two mediums are shown in the table 3 under the same management conditions by taking a commercially available straw peat organic culture medium as a contrast. As can be seen from Table 3, the organic cultivation medium of the invention is more suitable for root growth, remarkably improves crop yield and various indexes of biological characters, and remarkably increases crop yield.
TABLE 1 organic cultivation substrate physical properties of silage corn straw feed waste for cattle and sheep
TABLE 2 Effect of different substrate treatments on Citrullus lanatus yield and biological Properties
TABLE 3 Effect of different substrate treatments on cherry tomato yield and biological traits
Example 4 an organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste, the substrate being in volume percent (volume unit: m)3) The compound is prepared from the following raw materials: 35% of feeding waste leavening, 15% of mushroom residue leavening, 22% of decomposed chicken manure and 28% of river sand.
The preparation method of the organic cultivation medium is the same as that of example 1.
In the above examples 1 to 4, the feeding waste fermentation product is obtained by crushing the cattle and sheep silage corn straw feed feeding waste with the particle size of 2.0 to 5.0cm to the particle size of less than or equal to 0.5cm and stacking; adding 2.0kg of organic culture medium fermentation strain into every 1000kg of feeding waste, uniformly mixing, adding water to adjust the water content of the material pile to 60-65% (holding the raw materials to be conglobate, enabling finger seams to have water seeping out without dripping, and loosening the raw materials by hands); and (5) turning and fermenting to obtain the fertilizer.
The mushroom residue fermented product is prepared by removing bags from mushroom culturing residues in oyster mushroom bags, pulverizing to particle size of 0.5cm or less, and stacking; adding 1.0kg of organic culture medium fermentation strain into every 1000kg of mushroom residue, uniformly mixing, adding water to adjust the water content of the material pile to 60-65% (holding the raw materials to be conglobate, enabling water to seep out of finger joints, and loosening the raw materials by hand); and (5) turning and fermenting to obtain the fertilizer.
The organic culture medium fermentation strain is provided by Beijing agriculture science and technology Limited company, and is prepared by mixing more than ten beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus oryzae, rhizopus, mucor, actinomycetes and the like according to a proportion, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g.
The standard of pile building is that the bottom width is 4.0-5.0 m, the top width is 1.0-2.0 m, and the height is 1.0-1.5 m; and (3) scattering organic culture medium fermentation strains and water while stacking, adding once every 20-25 cm of thickness, and repeating the steps for four times and five times until the stacking is successful.
Turning fermentation means that when the temperature of a stack body rises to 65-70 ℃ and is maintained for 48 hours, turning is carried out for the first time by using a turner, and turning is carried out once every 7 days; when fermenting for 25-35 days, adding plant ash or lime accounting for 2-3% of the mass of the stockpile to adjust the pH value of the stockpile to 6.8-7.5; when the temperature of the stack body is close to the ambient temperature (the temperature difference is +/-2 ℃), the stack is not raised any more, the color of the stack is changed to brown, the texture is softer and looser, the stack has slight grass fragrance, and the fermentation is finished when the EC is less than or equal to 3 ms.
Claims (9)
1. An organic culture medium based on silage feeding waste, which is characterized in that: the matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 25-50% of feeding waste leavening, 0-20% of mushroom residue leavening, 20-25% of organic fertilizer and 25-30% of base material.
2. An organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: the feeding waste leavening is formed by crushing cattle and sheep silage corn straw feed feeding waste into particles with the particle size less than or equal to 0.5cm and stacking; adding 2.0kg of organic culture medium fermentation strain into every 1000kg of feeding waste, uniformly mixing, adding water to adjust the water content of a material pile to 60-65%; and (5) turning and fermenting to obtain the fertilizer.
3. An organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that: the particle size of the cattle and sheep silage corn straw feed feeding waste is 2.0-5.0 cm.
4. An organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: the mushroom residue fermented product is prepared by bagging oyster mushroom bag culture mushroom residue, pulverizing to particle size of 0.5cm or less, and stacking; adding 1.0kg of organic culture medium fermentation strain into every 1000kg of mushroom residue, uniformly mixing, adding water to adjust the water content of a material pile to 60-65%; and (5) turning and fermenting to obtain the fertilizer.
5. An organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste as claimed in claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: the standard of pile building is that the bottom width is 4.0-5.0 m, the top width is 1.0-2.0 m, and the height is 1.0-1.5 m; and (3) scattering organic culture medium fermentation strains and water while stacking, adding once every 20-25 cm of thickness, and repeating the steps for four times and five times until the stacking is successful.
6. An organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste as claimed in claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: the turning fermentation is that when the temperature of a stack body rises to 65-70 ℃ and is maintained for 48 hours, a turner is used for turning the stack for the first time, and then the stack is turned once every 7 days; when fermenting for 25-35 days, adding plant ash or lime accounting for 2-3% of the mass of the stockpile to adjust the pH value of the stockpile to 6.8-7.5; when the temperature of the stack body is close to the environmental temperature and does not rise any more, and EC is less than or equal to 3ms, the fermentation is finished.
7. An organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: the organic fertilizer refers to one or two of decomposed chicken manure and decomposed cattle manure.
8. An organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that: the base material is river sand or field soil.
9. The method for preparing an organic cultivation substrate based on silage feeding waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein: firstly, weighing according to the proportion; then, sieving the base material by a sieve of 2.0-4.0 mm to obtain the base material with impurities removed; secondly, uniformly mixing the feeding waste leavening, the mushroom residue leavening, the organic fertilizer and the impurity-removed base material to obtain a mixture; and finally, adding 0.5kg of lime nitrogen into each cubic meter of the mixture, fully and uniformly stirring, covering and stacking the mixture for more than 5 days by using a shed film, and performing aseptic treatment to obtain the feeding waste organic culture medium.
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