CN113045359A - Leaf fertilizer special for spring rape - Google Patents
Leaf fertilizer special for spring rape Download PDFInfo
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- CN113045359A CN113045359A CN202110420133.4A CN202110420133A CN113045359A CN 113045359 A CN113045359 A CN 113045359A CN 202110420133 A CN202110420133 A CN 202110420133A CN 113045359 A CN113045359 A CN 113045359A
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- spring rape
- leaf
- rape
- spring
- edta chelated
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RQFQJYYMBWVMQG-IXDPLRRUSA-N chitotriose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](N)[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)N)[C@@H](CO)O1 RQFQJYYMBWVMQG-IXDPLRRUSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229940047608 chelated magnesium Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229940038879 chelated zinc Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 37
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 26
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000023852 carbohydrate metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009418 agronomic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021256 carbohydrate metabolism Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003763 chloroplast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013632 homeostatic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003617 indole-3-acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007198 pollen germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022558 protein metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001243 protein synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014616 translation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a leaf fertilizer special for spring rape, which comprises the following raw material components: urea, ammonium polyphosphate, monopotassium phosphate, chitosan oligosaccharide, EDTA chelated magnesium, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated calcium and boric acid. Aiming at the characteristics of rapid growth and high nutrient demand strength from the seedling stage to the flowering stage of the spring rape, the special leaf fertilizer for the spring rape is prepared by reasonably matching a large amount of nutrient elements, medium and trace nutrient elements, a plant growth regulator and other components according to the nutrient demand characteristics of the spring rape in the seedling stage, can be rapidly absorbed and utilized by plants after being sprayed in the seedling stage of the spring rape, remarkably promotes the formation of branches and siliques of the spring rape, and finally remarkably improves the yield and the quality of the spring rape, and has high fertilizer utilization rate; meanwhile, the preparation method of the leaf fertilizer special for spring rape is simple, low in cost and convenient to apply, and is suitable for large-scale mechanized operation.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a leaf fertilizer special for spring rapes.
Background art:
rape (Brassica napus L.) is the first major oil crop in the world, not only the main source of edible oil, but also important industrial raw materials and protein feed. Rape is an important oil crop in China, and the rape planting area and the total yield of China are second place in the world and are second to Canada. In 2018, the total rape sowing area in China is 655.1 ten thousand hectares, the total yield reaches 1328.1 ten thousand tons, and the total yield accounts for 38.7 percent of the total yield of oil crops (Chinese statistics yearbook, 2019). However, domestic edible oil is still supplied seriously and is insufficient, the self-supply rate is only over 40.6 percent, and the contradiction between supply and demand is increasingly prominent. Therefore, improving the yield of the rape and ensuring the safety of the edible oil supply are urgent matters for the rape industry in China. The rapeseeds produced in the spring rape production area of China under unique geographical and climatic conditions have the advantages of high oil content and good quality. However, the low yield of spring rape is an important factor for restricting the development of spring rape industry.
The application of the fertilizer is an important yield-increasing measure in rape production. The growth and development of the rape are very sensitive to nutrients and have larger demand, the reasonable fertilizer application promotes the increase of leaves, the formation of flower buds and the increase of the area of silique peels, simultaneously improves the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves and the siliques, is beneficial to the development of rape branches, and further obviously improves the silique number and the grain number of each silique, and finally realizes high yield. The key period from the seedling stage to the bolting stage of the spring rape is the nutrient absorption and accumulation period, and the nutrient demand intensity is higher. However, the method is limited in that the root system is not completely developed in the seedling stage, the nutrient absorption strength is relatively weak, and the nutrient absorption of the root system cannot meet the requirement of plants on nutrients due to the common drought and low temperature in the spring rape area, the poor activity and mobility of nutrient elements in soil and the like.
The foliar fertilization is a fertilization mode which exerts functions through absorption of leaves and stems, and is different from the traditional soil fertilization, and the foliar fertilization has the advantages of fast absorption, strong action, strong pertinence, effective prevention of fixation of nutrients in soil, high efficiency, low environmental pollution, simple and convenient application method and the like, and becomes an important component part in modern agricultural fertilizers. The method for spraying the trace nutrient element fertilizer on the leaf surface can overcome the defects and is an effective method for supplementing the trace elements. However, no special foliar fertilizer for spring rape is produced, and the existing general foliar fertilizer mainly has two types, one of which takes macroelements as a main type: mainly contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and a few kinds of trace elements are added, but the nitrogen content is insufficient, and the proportion of the trace nutrient elements is unreasonable; the other is a macroelement and a plurality of trace elements: the foliar fertilizer contains various trace elements and is commonly added with iron and manganese, but the soil in the spring rape area has rich iron and manganese contents, the iron and manganese added has no obvious effect on promoting the growth of the spring rape, the iron and manganese elements are easily wasted, the cost of the foliar fertilizer is increased, and the requirement of the spring rape on nutrients cannot be met. The two general foliar fertilizers are rarely added with medium-amount nutrient elements of magnesium and calcium, the two nutrient elements have obvious effects of promoting growth and increasing yield of spring rapes and have secondary demand to phosphorus, wherein the drought resistance of the spring rapes is obviously improved by the calcium, but the activity and mobility of the calcium in the soil are poor, so that the fertilizer is not high in utilization rate and poor in effect, and the crops are not easily absorbed and utilized.
Therefore, the proportion of nutrient elements in the conventional universal foliar fertilizer is not suitable for spring rapes, and the requirement of spring rapes on nutrients cannot be met, so that the fertilizer is low in utilization rate and poor in effect. The development of a special foliar fertilizer matched with the nutrient requirement of the spring rape is an effective way for improving the yield and nutrient utilization rate of the spring rape.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the problems that the conventional general foliar fertilizer is not suitable for spring rapes due to the fact that the nutrient element proportion is not suitable for the spring rapes, the requirement of the spring rapes on nutrients cannot be met, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, the effect is poor and the like, the invention aims to provide the special foliar fertilizer for the spring rapes, which is strong in pertinence, high in fertilizer utilization rate, good in effect and low in cost.
The purpose of the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a leaf fertilizer special for spring rape comprises the following raw material components: urea, ammonium polyphosphate, monopotassium phosphate, chitosan oligosaccharide, EDTA chelated magnesium, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated calcium and boric acid.
Further, the leaf fertilizer special for spring rapes comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-42% of urea, 5-10% of ammonium polyphosphate, 8-15% of monopotassium phosphate, 12-20% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2-8% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 2-4% of EDTA chelated zinc, 6-12% of EDTA chelated calcium and 3-6% of boric acid, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%, and the components in the leaf fertilizer special for spring rapes are necessary, but the proportion of various medium and trace nutrient elements can be finely adjusted within the content range of the components according to the soil nutrient characteristics and the crop demand rule.
The leaf fertilizer special for spring rape provided by the invention is comprehensive in nutrition, reasonable in proportion and good in water solubility. The field test proves that the yield and the oil content of the spring rape can be obviously improved.
The urea is a neutral organic matter, has small ionization degree, is not easy to cause tissue damage when being sprayed on the leaf surface, and can be quickly absorbed by plants and assimilated. The urea can be absorbed by leaves and other organs, and can improve the absorption of trace nutrient elements such as magnesium, zinc, boron and the like, and the synergistic effect is obvious.
The ammonium polyphosphate has high nutrient content and high solubility, has nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements, can chelate most of transition region metal ions, improves the activity of trace elements such as calcium, zinc, magnesium and the like, and can reduce the occurrence of nozzle blockage. Because a part of polyphosphoric acid is orthophosphoric acid, ammonium polyphosphate is a phosphate fertilizer with quick and long-acting combination.
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a quick-acting phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, is easy to dissolve in water, has low salt value, and is not easy to cause tissue damage when being sprayed on the leaf surfaces. Can effectively improve the phosphorus and potassium absorption of the spring rape, has the functions of enhancing resistance, preventing premature senility, promoting photosynthesis and generation and migration of an assimilate, and has obvious promotion effect on the improvement of the yield and the oil content of the spring rape.
The chitosan oligosaccharide has small molecular weight, is easy to dissolve in water, can promote the growth and development of plants, promote the absorption of crops on nutrient elements, improve the stress resistance of the crops and enhance the activity of various defensive enzymes in the plants.
Magnesium is an important component of chloroplasts, participates in photosynthesis, and promotes the production of photosynthetic assimilates. Magnesium participates in various enzymatic reactions in the plant body, is beneficial to the synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins in the plant body, and improves the crop yield.
Zinc is a component of many enzymes, involved in protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, tryptophan and indoleacetic acid synthesis in plants, and in addition, zinc is an essential nutrient for plants to maintain biofilm integrity. The foliage spraying effectively prevents the fixation of a large amount of enriched phosphorus in the soil to zinc, and has higher bioavailability.
Calcium is an important component of plant cell walls and plasma membranes, can maintain the stability of cell walls, cell membranes and membrane-bound proteins, and participates in the regulation process of intracellular homeostasis and growth and development. Calcium is beneficial to the absorption of potassium ions by plants, reduces the toxicity of organic acid to the plants and improves the stress resistance of the plants; in addition, calcium is an important second messenger for plants.
Boron is an important constituent of plant cell walls, promotes root elongation, nucleic acid metabolism, pollen germination and pollen tube elongation, and participates in carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Rape is very sensitive to boron deficiency, and severe deficiency results in 'flowers are not full'.
The application amount of the leaf fertilizer special for spring rape is 1.0-1.5 kg/mu, and the leaf fertilizer is diluted into 150 times of liquid by adding water and is sprayed by adding a proper amount of surfactant. After the spraying time is selected to be 4 pm, a machine with good atomization effect is selected to uniformly spray the rape front and back leaves, and the rape front and back leaves are applied again when meeting heavy rain within 8 hours after spraying. Compared with the prior general foliar fertilizer sprayed on the leaf surface, the foliar fertilizer special for spring rape is sprayed for 1 time before and after the eight-leaf period and the ten-leaf period of the spring rape respectively, the average yield increase rate is more than 6.6 percent, and the oil content increase rate of seeds is more than 1.0 percent.
The invention has the advantages that:
aiming at the characteristics of rapid growth and high nutrient demand strength from the seedling stage to the flowering stage of the spring rape, the special leaf fertilizer for the spring rape is prepared by reasonably matching a large amount of nutrient elements, medium and trace nutrient elements, a plant growth regulator and other components according to the nutrient demand characteristics of the spring rape in the seedling stage, can be rapidly absorbed and utilized by plants after being sprayed in the seedling stage of the spring rape, remarkably promotes the formation of branches and siliques of the spring rape, and finally remarkably improves the yield and the quality of the spring rape, and has high fertilizer utilization rate; meanwhile, the preparation method of the leaf fertilizer special for spring rape is simple, low in cost and convenient to apply, and is suitable for large-scale mechanized operation.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
a leaf fertilizer special for spring rape comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-42% of urea, 5-10% of ammonium polyphosphate, 8-15% of monopotassium phosphate, 12-20% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2-8% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 2-4% of EDTA chelated zinc, 6-12% of EDTA chelated calcium and 3-6% of boric acid, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%. Various components in the leaf fertilizer special for spring rape are necessary, but the proportion of various medium and trace nutrient elements can be finely adjusted within the content range of each component according to the soil nutrient characteristics and the crop demand rule. To further illustrate the present invention, the following specific examples are given:
example 1: a leaf fertilizer special for spring rape comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of urea, 8% of ammonium polyphosphate, 12% of monopotassium phosphate, 20% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 3% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 2% of EDTA chelated zinc, 10% of EDTA chelated calcium and 5% of boric acid, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The production method of the leaf fertilizer special for spring rape in the embodiment is as follows: weighing the raw materials according to the formula proportion requirement, fully grinding the raw materials, sieving the ground raw materials by a sieve with more than 80 meshes, then putting the components into a stirring mixer to be uniformly mixed, and quantitatively packaging.
The application amount of the leaf fertilizer special for spring rape is 1.0-1.5 kg/mu, and the leaf fertilizer is generally diluted into 100-150 times of liquid by adding a proper amount of surfactant for spraying. After the spraying time is selected to be 4 pm, a machine with good atomization effect is selected to uniformly spray the rape front and back leaves, and the rape front and back leaves are applied again when meeting heavy rain within 8 hours after spraying. Compared with the prior general foliar fertilizer sprayed on the leaf surface, the foliar fertilizer special for spring rape is sprayed for 1 time before and after the eight-leaf period and the ten-leaf period of the spring rape respectively, the average yield increase rate is more than 6.6 percent, and the oil content increase rate of seeds is more than 1.0 percent.
Effect comparison test:
first, test method
The field test was carried out using spring rape as the test material. A total of 5 treatments (control 1, control 2, control 3, test 1, test 2) were randomized. After the spraying time is selected to be 4 pm, a machine with good atomization effect is selected to uniformly spray the rape front and back leaves; spraying is respectively carried out in the 8-leaf period and the 10-leaf period of the spring rape, and both the 8-leaf period and the 10-leaf period, and the dry weight, the plant height, the thick root and stem, the leaf area and the SPAD value of leaves of the single plant of the rape are measured 7 days after the spraying in the 10-leaf period. After harvesting, the yield of spring rape, its constituent factors and the oil content of the seeds were determined.
Control group 1: the general foliar fertilizer which is sold in the market and takes macroelements as the main type is purchased, and the main components and the contents are as follows: n is a radical of>85g/L、K2O>15g/L、B>15 g/L; the application amount is 1.5L/mu, the mixture is diluted into 100 times of solution by adding water and is sprayed by adding a proper amount of surfactant; this test was designated as D1.
Control group 2: the general foliar fertilizer which is sold in the market and contains major elements and a plurality of trace elements is purchased, and the general foliar fertilizer comprises the following main components in percentage by weight: n is more than or equal to 20 and P2O5≥20、K2O is more than or equal to 20 percent, Fe is more than or equal to 0.1 percent, Zn is more than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mn is more than or equal to 0.05 percent, Mo is more than or equal to 0.01 percent, and B is more than or equal to 0.2 percent; the application amount is 1.5 kg/mu, the mixture is diluted into 100 times of solution by adding water and is sprayed by adding a proper amount of surfactant; this test was designated as D2.
Control group 3: spraying a surfactant solution on the leaf surfaces; this test was designated as D3.
Test group 1: preparing a special leaf fertilizer for spring rape according to the formula and the preparation method of the embodiment 1; the application amount is 1.0 kg/mu, the mixture is diluted into 100 times of solution by adding water and is added with a proper amount of surfactant for spraying; this test was designated as T1.
Test group 2: preparing a special leaf fertilizer for spring rape according to the formula and the preparation method of the embodiment 1; the application amount is 1.5 kg/mu, the mixture is diluted into 100 times of solution by adding water and is sprayed by adding a proper amount of surfactant; this test was designated as T2.
Second, test results
Compared with the D1 treatment, the T1 treatment (the dosage of the preparation is 1.0 kg/mu) obviously improves the leaf area, the dry weight of the overground part of a single plant, the plant height and the SPAD value of leaves of the spring rape after 10 leaves of the spring rape in three application modes (8-leaf spraying, 10-leaf spraying, 8-leaf spraying and 10-leaf spraying) and increases the amplitudes by 6.1-7.9%, 4.4-30.6%, 6.8-9.1% and 6.9-10.6% respectively.
Compared with the D2 treatment, the T1 treatment (the dosage of the preparation is 1.0 kg/mu) obviously improves the leaf area, the plant height and the SPAD value of leaves of the spring rape after 10-leaf period in three application modes (8-leaf period spraying, 10-leaf period spraying, 8-leaf period spraying and 10-leaf period spraying), and the amplification is respectively 1.8-4.1%, 0.4-1.9% and 3.2-5.8%.
Compared with the D3 treatment, the T1 treatment (the dosage of the preparation is 1.0 kg/mu) obviously improves the leaf area, the dry weight of the overground part of a single plant, the plant height and the SPAD value of leaves of the spring rape after 10 leaves of the spring rape in three application modes (8-leaf spraying, 10-leaf spraying, 8-leaf spraying and 10-leaf spraying), and the amplification is respectively 10.7-13.8%, 10.5-42.8%, 9.8-18.6% and 6.9-10.6%.
The growth and development of spring rape can be further promoted after the dosage of the preparation is increased, and compared with the T1 treatment, the T2 treatment (the dosage of the preparation is 1.5 kg/mu) obviously increases the leaf area, the dry weight of the overground part of a single plant, the plant height and the SPAD value of leaves of spring rape after 10 leaves of spring rape (8-leaf spraying, 10-leaf spraying, 8-leaf spraying and 10-leaf spraying) by 2.8-4.5%, 17.3-18.7%, 4.7-10.6% and 1.4-3.5%.
TABLE 1 influence of application of leaf fertilizer special for spring rape on agronomic traits of spring rape
Remarking: the difference between treatments is significant (p < 0.05) for different lower case letters in the same column
Compared with the D1 treatment, the T1 treatment (the dosage of the preparation is 1.0 kg/mu) obviously improves the number, the yield and the oil content of single-plant siliques of the spring rape in three application modes (8-leaf stage spraying, 10-leaf stage spraying, 8-leaf stage and 10-leaf stage spraying), and the amplification is respectively 18.3-21.9%, 8.8-10.3% and 1.0-1.3%.
Compared with the D2 treatment, the T1 treatment (the dosage of the preparation is 1.0 kg/mu) obviously improves the number, yield and oil content of single-plant siliques of spring rapes (8-leaf stage spraying, 10-leaf stage spraying, 8-leaf stage and 10-leaf stage spraying) and increases by 7.8-10.9%, 6.2-7.6% and 1.7-3.1% respectively.
Compared with the D3 treatment, the T1 treatment (the dosage of the preparation is 1.0 kg/mu) obviously improves the number, the yield and the oil content of the single-plant siliques of the spring rape in three application modes (8-leaf stage spraying, 10-leaf stage spraying, 8-leaf stage and 10-leaf stage spraying), and the amplification is respectively 25.3-46.0%, 18.0-25.8% and 1.2-2.7%.
Compared with the T1 treatment, the T2 treatment (the dosage of the preparation is 1.5 kg/mu) can further improve the quantity and the yield of the spring rape single plant siliques, and the increase is 2.5-14.0% and 1.7-4.0% respectively.
TABLE 2 influence of application of leaf fertilizer special for spring rape on oil content, yield and its constituent factors of spring rape seeds
Remarking: the difference between treatments is significant (p < 0.05) for different lower case letters in the same column
Third, conclusion
Compared with the conventional general foliar fertilizer sprayed on the leaf surface, the foliar fertilizer special for spring rape, disclosed by the invention, sprayed on the leaf surface can improve the leaf area, the dry weight of a single plant and the SPAD value of leaves of spring rape, promote the spring rape to form more siliques, and finally obviously improve the oil content and yield of spring rape seeds, and is sprayed for 1 time before and after the eight-leaf period and the ten-leaf period of the spring rape respectively, so that the average yield increase rate is more than 6.6%, and the oil content increase rate of the seeds is more than 1.0%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (2)
1. The leaf fertilizer special for spring rape is characterized by comprising the following raw material components: urea, ammonium polyphosphate, monopotassium phosphate, chitosan oligosaccharide, EDTA chelated magnesium, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated calcium and boric acid.
2. The leaf fertilizer special for spring rapes as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 35-42% of urea, 5-10% of ammonium polyphosphate, 8-15% of monopotassium phosphate, 12-20% of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2-8% of EDTA chelated magnesium, 2-4% of EDTA chelated zinc, 6-12% of EDTA chelated calcium and 3-6% of boric acid, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the above components is 100%.
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