CN113018346A - 咖啡果皮提取物在制备防治非酒精性脂肪肝病药物或保健品中的应用 - Google Patents
咖啡果皮提取物在制备防治非酒精性脂肪肝病药物或保健品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医药领域,涉及一种咖啡果皮提取物在制备防治非酒精性脂肪肝病药物或保健品中的应用,咖啡果皮提取物通过以下方法制备获得:将磨碎的咖啡果皮粉末加入纯水中,搅拌均匀后,用保鲜膜封住杯口,放入微波炉中加热,先中火加热2‑5min后,拿出烧杯摇晃均匀,再加热2‑5min,然后摇晃均匀,最后再加热1‑3min后,将烧杯拿出,自然冷却至室温,在转速3000转/分钟下离心5‑15min,取上清液,即为咖啡果皮提取物。申请人首次发现咖啡果皮提取物具有改善肝功能和心血管代谢风险因子的健康效应,咖啡果皮提取物可改善非酒精性脂肪肝病,故其能够应用到防治非酒精性脂肪肝病的药物或保健品的制作过程中。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于医药领域,涉及一种咖啡果皮提取物在制备防治非酒精性脂肪肝病药物或保健品中的应用,咖啡果皮提取物对防治非酒精性脂肪肝病效果显著。
背景技术:
咖啡为茜草科咖啡属多年生常绿灌木或小乔木,原产于非洲中北部热带雨林,咖啡与茶叶、可可并称为世界三大饮料作物,是当今世界上消费量最大的非酒精类饮料。当前咖啡初加工生产中普遍材料湿法加工方法(鲜果→脱皮→发酵脱胶→清洗→浸泡→晾晒干燥)而得到咖啡豆,加工所产生的大量果皮或丢弃或作为肥料还田。咖啡果皮的价值利用也在大量研究中,例如,中国专利CN201910746211.2了一种咖啡果皮茶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1) 取成熟的咖啡鲜果,洗净,沥干水分,然后置于烘箱中,在105-115℃温度条件下快速烘干,至完全干燥;(2)将经步骤(1)处理的咖啡鲜果进行果皮与种子分离,收集咖啡果皮并进行密封保存;中国专利CN201910705129.5公开了一种咖啡果皮营养液及其制备方法,该方法是挑选咖啡鲜果,将其用清水洗净后再沥干,之后放入脱皮设备中进行脱皮,得到的咖啡果皮再次进行沥干,沥干后的咖啡果皮在阳光下摊晒,使其含水率低于20%以下,摊晒后的咖啡果皮进行烘烤,使其含水率保持在3~5%,获得咖啡干果皮与水按照1g:1~3mL进行混合至均匀,之后置于真空减压装置中提取,对得到提取液过滤,取滤液,得到咖啡果皮营养液;现有技术中,咖啡果皮多作为饮料,浪费极大。目前还未有关于咖啡果皮对疾病防治作用的报道。
发明内容:
本发明为了克服现有技术的缺点,提供一种咖啡果皮提取物在制备防治非酒精性脂肪肝病药物或保健品中的应用,咖啡果皮提取物以来源充足的咖啡果皮为原料,能安全有效的预防和/或治疗非酒精性脂肪肝病。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供咖啡果皮提取物在制备防治非酒精性脂肪肝病药物或保健品中的应用,所述的咖啡果皮提取物通过以下方法制备获得:将磨碎的咖啡果皮粉末加入纯水中,搅拌均匀后,用保鲜膜封住杯口,放入微波炉中加热,先中火加热2-5min后,拿出烧杯摇晃均匀,再加热2-5min,然后摇晃均匀,最后再加热1-3min后,将烧杯拿出,自然冷却至室温,在转速3000转/分钟下离心5-15min,取上清液,即为咖啡果皮提取物。
本发明与现有技术相比,申请人首次发现咖啡果皮提取物具有改善肝功能和心血管代谢风险因子的健康效应,咖啡果皮提取物可改善非酒精性脂肪肝病,故其能够应用到防治非酒精性脂肪肝病的药物或保健品的制作过程中。
说明书附图:
图1为本发明实施例3涉及的低剂量和高剂量咖啡果皮提取物干预对C57BL/6J小鼠体重增量的影响结果示意图。
图2为本发明实施例3涉及的低剂量和高剂量咖啡果皮提取物干预对小鼠肝脏和附睾脂肪组织形态学的影响结果示意图,其中,A为附睾脂肪H&E染色分析;B为肝脏H&E染色分析;C为肝脏油红O染色分析。
具体实施方式:
实施例1:
本实施例涉及咖啡果皮提取物的制备方法,具体步骤为:精确称取0.5g磨碎的咖啡果皮粉末于烧杯中,加入100mL纯水,搅拌均匀后,用保鲜膜封住杯口,放入微波炉中加热,中火加热3min后,拿出烧杯摇晃均匀,再加热3min,然后摇晃均匀,最后再加热2min后,将烧杯拿出,自然冷却至室温,在转速3000转/分钟下离心10min,取上清液,即为质量浓度为 0.005g/mL的咖啡果皮提取物溶液。
实施例2:
本实施例涉及咖啡果皮提取物的制备方法,具体步骤为:精确称取1.0g咖啡果皮于烧杯中,加入100mL纯水,其它步骤同实施例1,即制得质量浓度为0.01g/mL的咖啡果皮提取物溶液。
实施例3:
本实施例涉及咖啡果皮提取物对防治非酒精性脂肪肝病的效果实验。
1、实验材料
(1)8周龄雄性C57BL/6J雌性小鼠。
(2)基础饲料和高脂饲料,购自于上海斯莱克实验动物有限公司。基础饲料的能量为 3.52千焦/克,其中脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物能量分别占10%、20%和70%;高脂膳食的能量为4.59千焦/每克,其中脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物能量分别占45%、20%和35%。
(3)果糖:实验用果糖为市售果糖。
(4)低浓度咖啡果皮提取物:使用实施例1制备的质量浓度为0.005g/mL的咖啡果皮提取物溶液。
(5)高浓度咖啡果皮提取物:使用实施例2制备的质量浓度为0.01g/mL的咖啡果皮提取物溶液。
2、实验方法
将40只8周龄雄性C57BL/6J雌性小鼠在特定无菌(specific pathogen-free(SPF))实验室中饲养,维持12/12小时昼夜循环,环境温度维持在23±2℃,环境相对湿度为40%-60%。经过一周正常饲料喂养适应后,利用随机分组设计,依据体重将小鼠分为四组,每组10只:第一组为对照组(Control组),小鼠自由摄取基础饲料和高温灭菌自来水;第二组为高脂对照组 (HFD组),小鼠自由摄取质量浓度为0.15g/mL的果糖水溶液和高脂饲料;第三组为低剂量试验组(L-CP组),小鼠自由摄取含有果糖和低浓度咖啡果皮提取物的混合溶液(将15g果糖加入100mL质量浓度为0.005g/mL的咖啡果皮提取物溶液中)+高脂饲料;第四组为高剂量试验组(H-CP组),小鼠自由摄取含有果糖和高浓度咖啡果皮提取物的混合溶液(将15g 果糖加入100mL质量浓度为0.01g/mL的咖啡果皮提取物溶液中)+高脂饲料;实验过程中,每3~4天换一次垫料,每日换水并记录饮水量,每7天给小鼠称重并记录体重,每3天记录一次饲料量。
四组小鼠同时饮食干预8周后,小鼠禁食12小时。将小鼠致死后摘取眼球收集血液,在转速2000转/分钟、4℃条件下离心15分钟,收集上层血清,分装后立即储存于-80℃冰箱中;与此同时收集肝脏和附睾脂肪,肝脏称重后与附睾脂肪一起转移至液氮中,储存于-80℃冰箱中。
3、实验分析
生化分析:利用全自动生化分析仪和购自于南京建成生物工程研究所的ELISA试剂盒测定对血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TAG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、血糖(Glucose)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)浓度进行测定;同时利用ELISA试剂盒,并依照说明书操作流程对血清胰岛素和尿酸浓度进行测定。利用稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR=胰岛素(mU/L)×血糖 (mmol/L)/22.5)指示胰岛素抵抗程度。此外利用购自于美国Thermo FisherScientific公司ELISA 试剂盒测定肝脏IL-1β,IL-6和TNF-α浓度。
4、实验结果
4.1咖啡果皮提取物对小鼠体重的影响
四组小鼠的饮食干预对C57BL/6J小鼠体重增量的影响结果如图1所示,从图1可以看出,与对照组相比,8周干预后,高脂对照组(HFD组)的高脂、高果糖干预明显增加小鼠体重增量,高剂量试验组(H-CP组)与高脂对照组(HFD组)相比,小鼠的体重增量显著降低。
4.2咖啡果皮提取物对小鼠肝脏重量的影响
小鼠肝脏的称重结果见表1,高脂对照组(HFD组)的小鼠肝脏重量显著高于对照组(Control组),并且高剂量试验组(H-CP组)的小鼠肝脏重量显著低于HFD组的小鼠肝脏重量,说明咖啡果皮提取物的干预能够显著降低高脂小鼠肝脏重量。
表1.咖啡果皮提取物干预对小鼠肝脏重量的影响
肝脏重量 | Control组 | HFD组 | L-CP组 | H-CP组 | 方差分析 |
肝脏重量(g) | 1.37±0.07b | 1.62±0.11a | 1.43±0.13ab | 1.32±0.13b | 0.001 |
4.3咖啡果皮提取物对血清心血管代谢风险因子的影响
咖啡果皮提取物干预对血清心血管代谢风险因子影响分析结果见表2,从表2可以看出,与对照组(Control组)相比,高脂对照组(HFD组)的小鼠血清ALT、AST、总胆固醇(TC)、TAG、尿酸(Uric acid)及insulin浓度显著提高,;与高脂对照组(HFD组)相比,高剂量试验组(H-CP组)的ALT和AST水平显著降低,且血清TC、TAG、insulin浓度及尿酸水平显著降低;作为胰岛素抵抗的生物标志物,与对照组(Control组)相比,HFD组的HOMA-IR 水平显著提高;与高脂对照组(HFD组)相比,高剂量试验组(H-CP组)的HOMA-IR水平显著降低。说明咖啡果皮提取物能够显著降低高脂小鼠的血清ALT、AST水平、TC、TAG、 insulin浓度及尿酸水平。
表2.咖啡果皮提取物干预对血清生化参数的影响
Variable | Control组 | HFD组 | L-CP组 | H-CP组 | 方差分析 |
ALT(U/L) | 10.83±2.34b | 15.70±1.14a | 15.25±1.40a | 12.61±3.17b | 0.007 |
AST(U/L) | 12.23±2.62d | 29.49±1.10a | 24.05±2.39b | 16.05±1.45c | <0.001 |
Insulin(mU/L) | 13.30±1.76b | 17.42±1.87a | 14.62±2.15b | 13.74±2.15b | 0.010 |
TAG(mmol/L) | 1.02±0.18bc | 1.38±0.15a | 1.35±0.13a | 1.15±0.14b | 0.011 |
TC(mmol/L) | 7.97±1.23b | 12.10±0.79a | 10.84±1.31b | 9.92±0.52b | <0.001 |
Glucose(mmol/L) | 5.09±0.79 | 7.04±2.69 | 5.82±0.63 | 5.19±1.12 | 0.166 |
Uric acid(μmol/mL) | 78.43±6.40b | 135.95±11.98a | 102.94±32.08ab | 79.22±12.52b | 0.005 |
HOMA-IR | 3.22±0.83b | 5.20±1.79a | 3.69±0.14ab | 3.08±0.97b | 0.037 |
4.4咖啡果皮提取物对炎症因子的影响
咖啡果皮提取物对炎症因子影响分析结果见表3,从表3可以看出,与对照组(Control 组)相比,高脂对照组(HFD组)的肝脏IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著提高;与高脂对照组(HFD组)相比,高剂量试验组(H-CP组)的肝脏IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著降低。
表3.咖啡果皮提取物干预对血清生化参数及肝脏炎性因子表达水平的影响
肝脏炎性因子 | Control组 | HFD组 | L-CP组 | H-CP组 | 方差分析 |
TNF-α(ng/g) | 1.26±0.34b | 1.84±0.11a | 1.65±0.20b | 1.56±0.19b | 0.028 |
IL-6(ng/g) | 1.43±0.27b | 2.52±0.66a | 1.99±0.38ab | 1.59±0.16b | 0.004 |
IL-1β(ng/g) | 1.36±0.23b | 2.22±0.16a | 1.58±0.18b | 1.40±0.13b | <0.001 |
4.5咖啡果皮提取物对肝脏和附睾脂肪组织形态学的影响
咖啡果皮提取物干预对小鼠肝脏和附睾脂肪组织形态学的影响结果如图2所示。从图2A 可以看出,与对照组(Control组)相比,高脂对照组(HFD组)呈现肥大的脂肪细胞形态,低剂量试验组和高剂量试验组呈现逐渐降低脂肪细胞形态的功效,说明低剂量试验组和高剂量试验组的咖啡果皮干预抑制了脂肪细胞的尺寸。从图2B的肝脏H&E染色可以看出,高脂对照组(HFD)呈现明显的大泡性和小泡性脂肪变性,低剂量试验组(L-CP组)和高剂量试验组(H-CP组)显著改善肝脏大泡性和小泡性脂肪变性,说明低剂量和高剂量咖啡果皮提取物干预明显降低了肝脏脂肪变性程度,尤其是H-CP组。从图2C的利用油红O染色分析可以看出,与Control组相比,HFD组呈现出明显的肝脏脂肪蓄积,低剂量试验组和高剂量试验组呈现依次逐步抑制脂质在肝脏的沉积。形态学分析表明了低剂量和高剂量咖啡果皮干预均明显降低了脂肪细胞的尺寸,并抑制脂质在肝脏的沉积。
综上,咖啡果皮提取物能够降低血清ALT和AST水平,且显著降低血清TC、TAG、insulin 及尿酸水平,降低HOMA-IR水平,还能够抑制脂肪细胞的尺寸,降低肝脏脂肪变性程度,降低肝脏脂肪的尺寸。
Claims (2)
1.咖啡果皮提取物在制备防治非酒精性脂肪肝病药物或保健品中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的咖啡果皮提取物在制备防治非酒精性脂肪肝病药物或保健品中的应用,其特征在于,所述咖啡果皮提取物通过以下方法制备获得:将磨碎的咖啡果皮粉末加入纯水中,搅拌均匀后,放入微波炉中加热,先中火加热2-5min后,摇晃均匀,再加热2-5min,摇晃均匀,最后再加热1-3min后,自然冷却至室温,在转速3000转/分钟下离心5-15min,取上清液,即为咖啡果皮提取物。
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