CN113016680A - Method for high-health reproduction and larva hatching of prawns - Google Patents
Method for high-health reproduction and larva hatching of prawns Download PDFInfo
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- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000029264 phototaxis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000002149 gonad Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
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- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000133262 Nauplius Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for high-health reproduction and larva incubation of prawns, which comprises the steps of intensive cultivation of parent prawns, removal of one-side eyestalk of female prawns, mating of the parent prawns, collection of fertilized eggs, disinfection and elimination of the eggs, larva incubation, larva optimization and the like. The invention strictly executes operation disinfection by controlling the prawn breeding process and the larva hatching conditions in the whole process, does not use aquatic product drug inhibition and antibiotics in the whole process, and completely gets rid of the dependence on antibiotic drugs. The method of the invention can realize the advantages of high mating rate of parent shrimps, large egg laying amount of female shrimps, high hatching rate of fertilized eggs, low aberration rate of fertilized eggs and larvae and the like. The selected larvae have regular specification, large size, strong phototaxis, clean body surface and healthy body color, the survival rate of the seedlings reaches over 75 percent, and the larvae have strong disease resistance and stress resistance and are transport-resistant. The method for breeding and hatching the larvae of the litopenaeus vannamei is suitable for breeding and producing the high-health offspring of the litopenaeus vannamei, and has good replicable operability and strong market popularization and application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for high-health reproduction and larva hatching of prawns.
Background
The litopenaeus vannamei is an excellent shrimp species with the highest breeding yield in the world so far, is also the leading variety for breeding the litopenaeus vannamei in China, has delicious meat quality, wide processing meat yield of 67 percent, wide temperature range, capability of growing at 18-35 ℃, wide salt range, capability of growing under the condition of salinity of 1-40 per mill, quick growth and strong disease resistance, and is an excellent wide-salinity breeding variety. Since the introduction of the last 90 s, through the development of more than 20 years, China has formed a huge breeding zone from Liaoning to Guangxi coastal, and gradually pushed to inland provinces such as Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and Xinjiang in recent years. The Litopenaeus vannamei belongs to a middle-high-end aquatic product in domestic and foreign markets, and has remarkable economic benefit in developing the prawn breeding industry.
China is the country with the largest demand of the litopenaeus vannamei larvae, and the demand of the litopenaeus vannamei larvae is about 9500 plus 10000 hundred million tails in the whole country at present. However, while the prawn breeding industry in China is continuously developing, as the threshold of the prawn breeding industry is low, most nursery sites are still private workshops, the industry supervision is lacked, the autonomy of practitioners is poor, the levels of the seedling technology are uneven, the whole management process is carried out by experience, scientific basis and normative and effective operation methods are lacked, and meanwhile, the seedling technology in the industry still has a plurality of defects and problems, so that the quality of the prawn seedlings is uneven, the high-health SPF prawn seedlings are lacked, particularly the low-quality non-elite type 'three-high' (high temperature, high density and high drug residue) prawn seedlings fill the breeding market, the problems of low survival rate, slow growth, low yield and the like easily occur in the breeding process, and the healthy continuous development of the prawn breeding industry is seriously damaged.
The high-health propagation of the litopenaeus vannamei and the incubation of the high-quality larvae are important preconditions and foundations for successful prawn culture, and the high-quality nauplius larvae are a guarantee for improving the survival rate of the seedlings and the quality of the shrimp larvae. At present, an effective, reproducible and standardized high-health prawn breeding method is lacked in industrial prawn seedling breeding production, so that bottleneck problems that the hatchability of fertilized eggs is low, the larva aberration rate is high, the larva metamorphosis is asynchronous, the vitality is weak and the like in the prawn breeding production restrict the yield and the quality of prawn seedlings widely exist.
Therefore, a method for realizing high-health reproduction and high-quality larva hatching of the litopenaeus vannamei is urgently needed in the litopenaeus vannamei offspring breeding industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a method for high-health propagation of prawns and larva incubation, and solves the bottleneck problems of unstable propagation performance of parent prawns, low propagation production efficiency, poor larva incubation quality and the like in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for high-health reproduction and larva hatching of prawns comprises the following steps:
(1) intensive cultivation of parent shrimps: selecting over 8 months old and strong propagation unreinforced seed shrimps with the weight up to the standard (35-40 g/tail of female shrimps and 30-35 g/tail of male shrimps), regular specification and good body surface glossiness, and transferring the unreinforced seed shrimps into a sterilized parent shrimp culture pond for intensive culture for 30-40 days; the female shrimp and the male shrimp are cultivated in separate ponds at the cultivation density of 12-13 tails/m respectively2And 15-16 tails/m2(ii) a After the nutrition is strengthened, the optimal weight of the female shrimp and the optimal weight of the male shrimp in the breeding production are respectively 55-60 g/tail and 45-50 g/tail; the water temperature for culturing the female and male parent shrimp ponds is 27-28 ℃, and the culture ratio is 1: 1.3; after the parent shrimps are matched with the enhanced feed to condition intestinal tracts for 2-3 days, the parent shrimps are transited to be fed with high-quality detoxified high-nutrition biological baits such as fresh squids, oysters, clamworms and the like;
(2) shearing the eye stems of the female shrimps: after the nutrition enrichment period is finished, carrying out unilateral eyestalk cutting on the selected female shrimps 7-8 days before mating and spawning to promote the gonads of the female shrimps to rapidly and synchronously develop;
(3) mating parent shrimps: fishing and twisting 20-mesh parent shrimps by using disinfected fresh water, washing the parent shrimps clean, aligning a fishing and twisting net opening to female shrimps with mature gonads and pregnant eggs, slightly netting the female shrimps from the side without eyestalks of the mature female shrimps, slightly turning the fishing and twisting by 360 degrees, lifting and sinking the fishing and twisting by 10-20cm, folding the mature female shrimps into a net, and putting the net into a culture pond for accelerating maturity of male shrimps (with mature and full spermatophore development) for mating; rapidly flushing water and reversely swimming to stimulate mating, fishing out the successfully podded mature female shrimps after mating, putting the mature female shrimps together with the fishing and twisting mesh bags into a net cage or a plastic bucket filled with disinfected seawater, soaking the mature female shrimps in water for at least 5s, and putting the mature female shrimps into a prepared spawning pond;
(4) collecting fertilized eggs: preparing a clean 200-mesh fishing and twisting and egg filling barrel, injecting seawater to 2/3 parts in the egg filling barrel, and putting an inflation tube into the barrel for small-air-volume inflation; adding seawater to an egg collecting groove beside a spawning pond, opening a drainage pipe valve of the spawning pond when the water level is parallel to a water discharge pipe opening of the spawning pond, enabling fertilized eggs to slowly flow to the egg collecting groove along with the seawater, slightly fishing out the fertilized eggs in the egg collecting groove by using a fishing winch, and respectively putting the fertilized eggs into egg containing barrels according to proper density;
(5) hatching eggs: gently stirring the fertilized eggs in the egg containing barrel by using a clean egg beating cup, then taking the uniformly stirred mixture of the seawater and the fertilized eggs by using the egg beating cup, pouring the mixture into an incubation barrel clockwise or anticlockwise at a constant speed, covering a shading plate of the incubation barrel, putting an inflation tube and a thermometer into the incubation barrel, and slightly aerating to ensure that the fertilized eggs are in a light floating state; detecting the water level and the water temperature of hatching water once per hour, and timely removing dead eggs;
(6) elimination and optimization: after the fertilized eggs hatch the nauplii, the dead eggs with sunk bottoms and the nauplii with weak sinking activity and malformed nauplii are removed, the rest optimized nauplii are gently transferred into a counting barrel, clean seawater is taken by a clean egg separating cup to repeatedly and lightly flush the nauplii remained in the hatching barrel, and after all the nauplii are transferred into the counting barrel, the nauplii are subpackaged and then transferred into a seedling raising pond.
Preferably, the specific method for cutting off the unilateral eyestalk of the female shrimps in the step (2) is as follows: holding the head and chest of female shrimp by hand, throwing for a few times, quickly clamping the base of the shrimp eye handle with red surgical scissors after the shrimp eye handle is opened, quickly burning the shrimp eye by using the high temperature of the surgical scissors, soaking the sterilized shrimp body with prepared iodine disinfectant in water, and immediately putting the shrimp body into another prepared new female shrimp culture pond.
Preferably, when the male and female parent shrimps in the step (3) are matched, the ratio of the male and female shrimps is 1:1.5-1: 2.
Preferably, in the step (5), the temperature of the seawater in the hatching barrel is controlled to be 30-31 ℃, the salinity is 28-32ppt, the water depth is not less than 1m, the illumination intensity is 60-80Lx, and the DO value is not less than 6mg/L, and the air is filled to make the water surface in a micro-wave shape.
Preferably, before putting the embryonated egg into the hatching barrel, cleaning and disinfecting the embryonated egg, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
injecting clean seawater into the egg washing barrel, slightly putting fertilized eggs into the egg washing barrel, adding glutaraldehyde to make the concentration of the fertilized eggs in the seawater be 0.1-0.5%, aerating the seawater for at least 1min, slightly pouring the fertilized eggs into a 200-mesh fishing reel, and flushing fresh clean seawater along the edge of the fishing reel for at least 2 min;
cleaning the egg washing barrel, injecting clean seawater again, adding iodine disinfectant to enable the iodine concentration in the seawater to be 0.4-0.5ppm, slightly putting the eggs in the fishing-in winch into the barrel, inflating for at least 1min, slightly pouring the fertilized eggs into a 200-mesh fishing-in winch, flushing for at least 2min along the edge of the fishing-in winch by using fresh clean seawater, and transferring to an incubation barrel.
Preferably, the parent shrimp in step (1) is litopenaeus vannamei.
Preferably, in the step (5), the hatching density of the fertilized eggs in the hatching barrel is 100-3。
Preferably, in the step (6), floating dead eggs are removed through the characteristic that healthy fertilized eggs sink after the aeration is stopped; adopting a light method and utilizing the phototaxis of the nauplii to remove the nauplii with deformity and weak vigor.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention controls the prawn breeding conditions and the larva hatching process in the whole process, strictly executes operation disinfection, does not use aquatic product prohibited drugs and antibiotics in the whole process, completely gets rid of the dependence on antibiotics drugs, establishes a high-health prawn breeding and larva hatching technical process, has the advantages of ecology, environmental protection and biological safety, can obviously improve the seedling raising yield, the prawn larva quality and the production stability of the litopenaeus vannamei, and has obvious ecological benefit and economic benefit.
2. By adopting the method, the daily average mating rate of the parent shrimps is more than 80%, the average egg laying number of the female shrimps is more than 45 ten thousand per tail, the hatching rate of fertilized eggs is higher than 85%, the aberration rate of the fertilized eggs and the larvae is lower than 5%, the survival rate of the parent shrimps in the 4-month breeding production period is higher than 90%, the cumulative mortality rate is not more than 5%, and the daily average maturation rate of the female shrimps is more than 30%. Therefore, the method has the advantages of high mating rate of the parent shrimps, large egg laying amount of the female shrimps, high hatching rate of fertilized eggs, low teratogenesis rate of the fertilized eggs and the larvae and the like. The selected larvae have regular specification, large size, strong phototaxis, clean body surface and healthy body color, the survival rate of the seedlings reaches over 75 percent, and the larvae have strong disease resistance and stress resistance and are transport-resistant. The method for breeding and hatching the larvae of the litopenaeus vannamei is suitable for breeding and producing the high-health offspring of the litopenaeus vannamei, and has good replicable operability and strong market popularization and application value.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
A method for high-health reproduction and larva hatching of prawns comprises the following steps:
(1) intensive cultivation of parent shrimps:
selecting a parent shrimp breeding workshop in an industrial indoor, and having supporting facilities for sea fresh water blending, heating, oxygenation and the like, wherein the area of a parent shrimp breeding pond is 50m2The depth is 1.3m, and the detergent is disinfected by strong chlorine in advance, so that no residue is left after thorough cleaning.
The breeding method selects the litopenaeus vannamei as parent shrimps, the variety is arbitrary, and the litopenaeus vannamei nationally examined variety 'Guihai No. 1' is selected in the embodiment. Selecting 9-month-old SPF (specific pathogen free) seed shrimps with the weight reaching the standard (the average weight of female shrimps is 35 g/tail, the average weight of male shrimps is 30 g/tail), regular specification, good body surface glossiness and robustness, propagating the unreinforced SPF seed shrimps without drug residues, and transferring the seed shrimps into a sterilized parent shrimp culture pond for intensive culture for 35 d; the female shrimps and the male shrimps are cultivated in separate ponds at the cultivation density of 12 tails/m respectively2And 15 tails/m2(ii) a After the nutrition is strengthened, the optimal weight of the female and male shrimps in reproduction production is 55 g/tail and 45 g/tail respectively.
The temperature of the water for culturing the male and female parent shrimp ponds is 27-28 ℃, the pH value is 8.0-8.3, the salinity is 28-30ppt, and the DO value is more than 6 mg/L; the cultivation ratio was 1: 1.3. After the parent shrimps are matched with the enhanced feed to condition intestinal tracts for 3 days, the parent shrimps are transited to be fed with high-quality detoxified high-nutrition biological baits such as fresh squids, oysters, clamworms and the like, and the daily feeding amount is 25-30% of the weight of the parent shrimps.
(2) And (3) cutting off unilateral eyestalk of female shrimp: after the nutrition enrichment period is finished, performing unilateral eyestalk cutting on the selected female shrimps 8d before mating and laying eggs, and promoting the gonads to rapidly and synchronously develop; holding the head and chest of female shrimp by hand, throwing for a few times, quickly clamping the base of the shrimp eye handle with red surgical scissors after the shrimp eye handle is opened, quickly burning the shrimp eye by using the high temperature of the surgical scissors, soaking the sterilized shrimp body with prepared iodine disinfectant in water, and immediately putting the shrimp body into another prepared new female shrimp culture pond.
(3) Mating parent shrimps: fishing and twisting 20-mesh parent shrimps by using disinfected fresh water, washing the parent shrimps clean, aligning a fishing and twisting net opening with the female shrimps with mature gonads and carrying eggs, slightly netting the mature female shrimps from the side without eyestalks, slightly turning the fishing and twisting for 360 degrees, lifting and sinking the fishing and twisting for 15cm, folding the mature female shrimps into the net, putting the mature female shrimps into a male shrimp breeding pond with ripening acceleration and full sperm pods for mating, wherein the ratio of the female shrimps to the male shrimps in the mating pond is 1: 1.8; adopting rapid water flushing and reverse swimming to stimulate mating, fishing out the successfully shelled mature female shrimps after mating, putting the mature female shrimps together with the fishing and twisting mesh bags into a net cage or a plastic bucket filled with disinfected seawater, soaking the mature female shrimps in water for 10s, and putting the mature female shrimps into a prepared spawning pond, wherein the water quality condition of the spawning pond is consistent with that of a parent shrimp culture pond;
(4) collecting fertilized eggs: after mating, carrying out concentrated ovulation and collection on female parent shrimps, fishing the female shrimps with eggs discharged back to the original culture pond, preparing a clean 200-mesh fishing and twisting and egg filling barrel, injecting seawater to 2/3 in the egg filling barrel, and placing an inflation tube into the barrel for small-air inflation; adding seawater to an egg collecting groove beside a spawning pond, opening a drainage pipe valve of the spawning pond when the water level is parallel to a water discharge pipe opening of the spawning pond, enabling fertilized eggs to slowly flow to the egg collecting groove along with the seawater, slightly fishing out the fertilized eggs in the egg collecting groove by using a fishing winch, filtering out impurities such as excrements, gonad secretions and damaged and broken eggs of female parent shrimps, slightly washing the fertilized eggs by using clean seawater for 2 times, and then respectively putting the fertilized eggs into an egg containing barrel according to proper density;
injecting clean seawater into an egg washing barrel, slightly putting the screened fertilized eggs into the egg washing barrel, adding glutaraldehyde to make the concentration of the fertilized eggs in the seawater be 0.3%, slightly inflating the seawater for 1.5min, slightly pouring the fertilized eggs into a 200-mesh fishing reel, and flushing the fertilized eggs for 2min along the edge of the fishing reel by using fresh seawater; cleaning the egg washing barrel, injecting seawater again, adding iodine disinfectant to make iodine concentration in seawater be 0.4ppm, lightly putting the scooped eggs into the barrel, inflating for 1.5min, slowly pouring fertilized eggs into a 200-mesh scooped cutter, flushing with clean seawater along the scooped cutter edge for 2min, and immediately transferring to an incubation barrel.
(5) Hatching fertilized eggs: gently stirring the fertilized eggs in the egg containing barrel by using a clean egg beating cup, then taking the uniformly stirred mixture of the seawater and the fertilized eggs by using the egg beating cup, and pouring the uniformly stirred mixture into an incubation barrel at a constant speed clockwise or anticlockwise, wherein the incubation density of the fertilized eggs in the incubation barrel is 150 ten thousand eggs/m3Covering a shading plate of the hatching barrel, putting an inflation tube and a thermometer into the hatching barrel, and slightly aerating to enable the fertilized eggs to be in a light floating state; controlling the temperature of seawater in the incubation barrel to be 30.5 ℃, the salinity to be 31ppt, the water depth to be 0.95m, the illumination intensity to be 70Lx and the DO value to be 6mg/L, and inflating to enable the water surface to be in a micro-wave shape; the water level and the water temperature of the hatching water are detected once per hour, and dead eggs and floating impurities are removed in time.
(6) Larva elimination and optimization: after the fertilized eggs hatch out the nauplii, adopting an illumination method and utilizing the phototaxis of the nauplii to remove the nauplii with malformation and weak activity; and lightly transferring the optimized high-activity high-quality nauplii into a counting barrel, taking clean seawater by using a clean egg separating cup, repeatedly and lightly flushing the nauplii remained in the hatching barrel, after all the nauplii are transferred into the counting barrel, counting and subpackaging, and then transferring into a seedling raising pool to culture the young shrimps.
According to statistics, in the above example, the mating rate of the parent shrimps of the Guihai No. 1 is 83%, the number of the female shrimps laying is 46 ten thousand per tail, the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs is 87%, the teratogenesis rate of the fertilized eggs and the larvae is 4.3%, and the daily sexual maturity rate of the female shrimps is 36%. The light induced optimized high-activity high-quality nauplii have a survival rate of 78% in the subsequent seedling raising. The above process is repeated 4 times, the daily average mating rate of the parent shrimps is 80.1%, the average egg laying number of the female shrimps is 45.6 ten thousand per tail, the average hatching rate of the fertilized eggs is 86.9%, the average aberration rate of the fertilized eggs and the larvae is 4.8%, and the preferable average survival rate of the larvae is 76.6%. Therefore, by adopting the breeding process and the hatching method, the mating rate of the parent shrimps is high, the egg laying amount of the female shrimps is large, the hatching rate of fertilized eggs is high, and the teratogenesis rate of the fertilized eggs and the larvae is low; through the optimized larva specification, the size is regular, the individual is large, the phototaxis is strong, the body surface is clean, the body color is healthy, and the survival rate of the seedlings reaches over 75 percent. The high-health prawn breeding process and the larva hatching method are scientific, reasonable, easy to implement, very suitable for large-scale breeding production of the high-health litopenaeus vannamei seedlings, good in reproducibility operability, high in market popularization and application value, and remarkable in ecological social benefit and economic benefit.
Claims (8)
1. A method for high-health reproduction and larva hatching of prawns is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) intensive cultivation of parent shrimps: selecting strong and non-reinforced breeding shrimps with the age of more than 8 months and the weight reaching the standard, regular specification and good body surface gloss, and transferring the strong and non-reinforced breeding shrimps into a sterilized parent shrimp culture pond for reinforced culture for 30-40 d; the female shrimp and the male shrimp are cultivated in separate ponds at the cultivation density of 12-13 tails/m respectively2And 15-16 tails/m2(ii) a After the nutrition is strengthened, the optimal weight of the female shrimp and the optimal weight of the male shrimp in the breeding production are respectively 55-60 g/tail and 45-50 g/tail; female and male parent shrimpsThe water temperature of the pond culture is 27-28 ℃, and the culture ratio is 1: 1.3; after the parent shrimps are matched with the enhanced feed to condition intestinal tracts for 2-3 days, the parent shrimps are transited to be fed with high-quality detoxified high-nutrition biological baits such as fresh squids, oysters, clamworms and the like;
(2) shearing the eye stems of the female shrimps: after the nutrition enrichment period is finished, carrying out unilateral eyestalk cutting on the selected female shrimps 7-8 days before mating and spawning to promote the gonads of the female shrimps to rapidly and synchronously develop;
(3) mating parent shrimps: fishing and cleaning 20-mesh parent shrimps by using disinfected fresh water, aligning a fishing and twisting net opening to female shrimps with mature gonads and eggs, slightly netting the female shrimps from the side without eyestalks of the mature female shrimps, slightly turning the fishing and twisting by 360 degrees, lifting and sinking the fishing and twisting by 10-20cm, folding the mature female shrimps into a net, and putting the net into a culture pond for accelerating the maturity of the male shrimps for mating; rapidly flushing water and reversely swimming to stimulate mating, fishing out the successfully podded mature female shrimps after mating, putting the mature female shrimps together with the fishing and twisting mesh bags into a net cage or a plastic bucket filled with disinfected seawater, soaking the mature female shrimps in water for at least 5s, and putting the mature female shrimps into a prepared spawning pond;
(4) collecting fertilized eggs: preparing a clean 200-mesh fishing and twisting and egg filling barrel, injecting seawater to 2/3 parts in the egg filling barrel, and putting an inflation tube into the barrel for small-air-volume inflation; adding seawater to an egg collecting groove beside a spawning pond, opening a drainage pipe valve of the spawning pond when the water level is parallel to a water discharge pipe opening of the spawning pond, enabling fertilized eggs to slowly flow to the egg collecting groove along with the seawater, slightly fishing out the fertilized eggs in the egg collecting groove by using a fishing winch, and respectively putting the fertilized eggs into egg containing barrels according to proper density;
(5) hatching eggs: gently stirring the fertilized eggs in the egg containing barrel by using a clean egg beating cup, then taking the uniformly stirred mixture of the seawater and the fertilized eggs by using the egg beating cup, pouring the mixture into an incubation barrel clockwise or anticlockwise at a constant speed, covering a shading plate of the incubation barrel, putting an inflation tube and a thermometer into the incubation barrel, and slightly aerating to ensure that the fertilized eggs are in a light floating state; detecting the water level and the water temperature of hatching water once per hour, and timely removing dead eggs;
(6) elimination and optimization: after the fertilized eggs hatch the nauplii, the dead eggs with sunk bottoms and the nauplii with weak sinking activity and malformed nauplii are removed, the rest optimized nauplii are gently transferred into a counting barrel, clean seawater is taken by a clean egg separating cup to repeatedly and lightly flush the nauplii remained in the hatching barrel, and after all the nauplii are transferred into the counting barrel, the nauplii are subpackaged and then transferred into a seedling raising pond.
2. The method for high-health reproduction and larva hatching of prawns according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for cutting off the unilateral eyestalk of the female prawns in the step (2) is as follows: holding the head and chest of female shrimp by hand, throwing for a few times, quickly clamping the base of the shrimp eye handle with red surgical scissors after the shrimp eye handle is opened, quickly burning the shrimp eye by using the high temperature of the surgical scissors, soaking the sterilized shrimp body with prepared iodine disinfectant in water, and immediately putting the shrimp body into another prepared new female shrimp culture pond.
3. The method for high-health propagation and larva hatching of prawns according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of male and female prawns is 1:1.5-1:2 when the male and female parent prawns in the step (3) are mated.
4. The method for high-health propagation and larva hatching of prawns according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the temperature of the seawater in the hatching barrel is controlled to be 30-31 ℃, the salinity is 28-32ppt, the water depth is not less than 1m, the illumination intensity is 60-80Lx, the DO value is not less than 6mg/L, and the water surface is aerated to be slightly wavy.
5. The method for high-health reproduction and larva hatching of prawns according to claim 1, wherein the fertilized eggs are cleaned and sterilized before being put into a hatching barrel, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
injecting clean seawater into the egg washing barrel, slightly putting fertilized eggs into the egg washing barrel, adding glutaraldehyde to make the concentration of the fertilized eggs in the seawater be 0.1-0.5%, aerating the seawater for at least 1min, slightly pouring the fertilized eggs into a 200-mesh fishing reel, and flushing fresh clean seawater along the edge of the fishing reel for at least 2 min;
cleaning the egg washing barrel, injecting clean seawater again, adding iodine disinfectant to enable the iodine concentration in seawater to be 0.4-0.5ppm, slightly putting the scooped eggs into the barrel, inflating for at least 1min, slightly pouring fertilized eggs into a 200-mesh scooped winch, flushing for at least 2min along the scooped edge with fresh seawater, and transferring to an incubation barrel.
6. The method for high-health propagation of prawns and hatching of larvae according to claim 1, wherein the parent shrimp in step (1) is litopenaeus vannamei.
7. The method for high-health reproduction and larva hatching of prawns according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the hatching density of the fertilized eggs in the hatching barrel is 100-200 ten thousand eggs/m3。
8. The method for high-health reproduction and larva hatching of prawns according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), floating dead eggs are removed by the characteristic that healthy fertilized eggs sink after aeration is stopped; adopting a light method and utilizing the phototaxis of the nauplii to remove the nauplii with deformity and weak vigor.
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