CN113007053A - 轴向活塞泵 - Google Patents

轴向活塞泵 Download PDF

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CN113007053A
CN113007053A CN202011496956.7A CN202011496956A CN113007053A CN 113007053 A CN113007053 A CN 113007053A CN 202011496956 A CN202011496956 A CN 202011496956A CN 113007053 A CN113007053 A CN 113007053A
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plate
magnetic encoder
axial piston
piston pump
permanent magnets
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CN113007053B (zh
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梅里克·阿姆斯特兹
罗尔夫·巴赫曼
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Contax Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/26Control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/14Control
    • F04B27/16Control of pumps with stationary cylinders
    • F04B27/18Control of pumps with stationary cylinders by varying the relative positions of a swash plate and a cylinder block
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014Details or component parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/2014Details or component parts
    • F04B1/2078Swash plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/12Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B1/20Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
    • F04B1/22Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block having two or more sets of cylinders or pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B27/00Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B27/08Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F04B27/0873Component parts, e.g. sealings; Manufacturing or assembly thereof
    • F04B27/0878Pistons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06Control using electricity
    • F04B49/065Control using electricity and making use of computers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/10Other safety measures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/12Parameters of driving or driven means
    • F04B2201/1204Position of a rotating inclined plate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/12Parameters of driving or driven means
    • F04B2201/1205Position of a non-rotating inclined plate
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本公开提供了一种具有若干活塞的轴向活塞泵,所述轴向活塞泵具有布置在斜板上的磁编码器(5),和以使其面朝所述磁编码器(5)的方式布置的磁场传感器。所述磁编码器(5)具有至少两个永磁体(2、3)和由铁磁材料组成的板(4)。所述永磁体(2、3)以使其各自磁极面向所述板(4)的方式布置在所述板(4)上,并且在每种情况下,这一磁极都至少部分地被所述板(4)覆盖。

Description

轴向活塞泵
技术领域
本发明涉及轴向活塞泵,磁编码器布置在所述轴向活塞泵的斜板上。
背景技术
轴向活塞泵是在液压技术中用于将机械能转换成液压能的装置。它们用于工业应用,诸如用于重型机械和塑料机械,以及用于移动式工作机器。因此,对倾斜轴泵与斜板泵加以区分。轴向活塞泵可以具有恒定或可变的输送容积和恒定或可变的输送方向。
轴向活塞泵的另一应用领域是用于车辆中的静压传动。这里,功率(转速和扭矩)经由最大为500巴的油压传送。油流是持续可控的,从而产生功率密度极高的持续可调的传动。典型应用领域是挖掘机、轮式装载机、拖拉机、压雪机、联合收割机和许多其他移动缓慢的车辆。为了监控轴向活塞泵的运行,可以将磁体附接到轴向活塞泵的可移动元件上。随后可以通过附接到轴向活塞泵外壳上的磁场传感器来监控磁体的移动。
EP 0 343 581 A1描述多个磁体的附接,所述磁体以与活塞往复移动相同的方向在轴向活塞泵的活塞上成行布置。磁场传感器随后产生脉冲信号,所述磁场传感器的数量与和传感器相对的磁体的数量相互关联。由传感器产生的脉冲数量可以使用计数装置来计数。然而,这使得必需稳固地在活塞中安装磁体。
另一借助于磁场传感器监控轴向活塞泵的可能性是将磁编码器附接到其斜板。这样,可以确定斜板的角度位置。然而,当轴向活塞泵的铁磁活塞移动时,它们对于磁编码器的磁场起干扰源的作用。这样的磁编码器的失调导致相当大的非线性。
DE 40 15 006 A1描述具有磁场传感器的斜板压缩机,所述磁场传感器检测与斜板连接的永磁体的移动。安装在压缩机上的耦接线圈的漏磁流对输送速率检测器的测量结果的干扰影响通过适当馈送耦接线圈来抑制。
DE 20 2009 008 372 U1描述具有两个前面极化的永磁体的磁编码器,所述永磁体布置在由导磁钢片制成的底板上。
从DE 10 2008 052 804 A1已知磁旋转编码器,其由塑料粘结的各向异性硬铁氧体组成。它具有从旋转编码器前侧的一半以拱形方向延伸到另一半的较佳的磁方向,所述磁方向指向固定在旋转编码器前面上的磁传感器。
US 2002/0118011 A1描述用于确定线性或径向位置的位置传感器。这一传感器包括两个各具有两个磁体的金属板,其中在金属板之间布置霍尔效应(Hall-effect)传感器。
DE 34 23 722 A1描述感应接近开关,所述开关具有在其有源表面前面的用于可渗透触发器的传感器场,并且具有振荡器,其振荡电路具有壶形铁氧体壳芯。通过具有饱和敏感位置的轭使铁氧体壳芯短路,所述轭布置在两个磁串联连接的条形磁体之间。
本发明的目的是提供监控轴向活塞泵的途径,其借助于可以在轴向活塞泵的铁磁活塞的移动不干扰监控的情况下后续附接到轴向活塞泵的组件来实现。另外,所述组件应该很大程度上对失调不敏感。
发明内容
这一目的通过轴向活塞泵解决,磁编码器布置在所述轴向活塞泵的斜板上。这具有至少两个永磁体和由铁磁材料组成的板。特定来说,铁磁材料可以是钢。永磁体以使其各自磁极面向板的方式布置在板上并且这一磁极至少部分地被板覆盖。优选地,每个磁极的表面的至少80%被板覆盖。更优选地,每个磁极完全被板覆盖。在这种情况下,板的尺寸至少与永磁体跨越的表面积相对应。然而,板也可以是更大的。
已经表明,当使用至少两个磁体,优选地刚好两个磁体时,它们在板上的布置防止磁场传感器受到轴向活塞泵的活塞移动的显著影响。同时,可以将这样的磁编码器设计成紧凑的以使得仅仅使用轴向活塞泵中少量的安装空间并且其重量不会导致斜板上的任何不平衡。
当刚好使用两个永磁体时,两个永磁体优选地以使一个永磁体的南极面向板并使另一个永磁体的北极面向板的方式来布置。这使得能够通过传感器简单区别两个永磁体,借此可以容易地补偿归因于磁编码器的可能的失调而出现的非线性。
为了使轴向活塞泵的活塞对磁场传感器的影响最小化,永磁体与板之间的距离优选地最大是500μm,更优选地最大是100μm。这一距离可以是例如在永磁体与板之间的结构气隙,或它可以由非铁磁填充材料填充,所述非铁磁填充材料也可以用来将板与永磁体粘结。尤其优选地,两个永磁体均优选地在无空隙的情况下放置在板上。
板的厚度优选地在0.5mm到1.2mm范围内,更优选地在0.6mm到1.0mm范围内并且最佳地在0.7mm到0.9mm范围内。如果板更薄,那么磁场传感器受到轴向活塞泵的活塞移动的影响更强。较厚的板不再导致对活塞移动的干扰效应的显著屏蔽改善。相反,它仅仅导致设计的增大并且增加磁编码器的重量。
为避免永磁体短路,优选地由至少一种非铁磁性材料围绕永磁体的不与板接触的所有表面。在这方面,板还可以具有曲率,只要这不会导致其在永磁体之间延伸即可。非铁磁性材料尤其是塑料。
在轴向活塞泵的尤其简单的实施例中,在没有额外组件辅助的情况下将永磁体附接到板上。举例来说,为了用非铁磁性材料而不仅仅是空气来围绕它们,可以随后用铸造化合物来使它们二次成型(over-mould)。然而,磁编码器优选地具有由非铁磁性材料制成的外壳。这一外壳具有两个凹槽,在所述凹槽中布置有永磁体。凹槽被板覆盖。这允许通过将永磁体插入到外壳的凹槽中并且随后通过将板附接到外壳上将所述凹槽封闭来容易地制造磁编码器。原则上,外壳还可以具有不是用来容纳永磁体的其他制造相关的凹槽。
为了将磁编码器附接到斜板上,外壳优选地具有至少一个紧固元件。这一紧固元件被设计成紧固在斜板上。为了防止磁编码器的失调,外壳优选地具有若干紧固元件。至少一个紧固元件布置在外壳的与板相同的侧面上。由于当磁编码器被附接到斜板上时紧固元件朝向斜板转动,因此这导致板面朝轴向活塞泵的活塞以使得它可以为永磁体屏蔽轴向活塞泵的活塞。
轴向活塞泵具有若干活塞。磁编码器布置在轴向活塞泵的斜板上。此外,轴向活塞泵具有磁场传感器,尤其是霍尔效应传感器。以使它面朝磁编码器的方式对其进行布置。如果斜板的角度关于泵轴发生变化,那么这导致磁编码器相对于磁场传感器移动,可以借助于磁场传感器对其进行检测。由这一移动,对斜板的角度并且因此轴向活塞泵的运行状态进行总结是有可能的。
优选地以使板面朝活塞的方式将板布置在磁场传感器与轴向活塞泵的活塞之间。永磁体则面朝磁场传感器。这允许板为永磁体和磁场传感器屏蔽活塞。
在斜板的一个位置,磁场传感器的板优选地与活塞平行布置。这尤其可以是斜板的静止位置,斜板在这一位置与泵轴成已知的预定角度。磁场传感器的这一布置允许极为简单并且可靠的斜板角度确定。此外,优选地,两个永磁体的纵向轴线在斜板的一个位置与活塞平行布置。这一位置尤其是斜板的静止位置。永磁体的这一布置使活塞对通过磁场传感器进行磁编码器的位置确定的影响最小化。
附图说明
本发明的示例性实施例在附图中描绘并且在下文描述中更详细地解释。
图1a和图1b各自示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的磁编码器的外壳的等轴视图。
图2示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的具有所去除的板的磁编码器的等轴视图。
图3示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的磁编码器的等轴视图。
图4示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的磁编码器的示意性截面图。
图5示出轴向活塞泵的元件的示意性视图。
图6以示意性截面图示出本发明的示例性实施例中的轴向活塞泵中的磁编码器的布置。
图7示出不是根据本发明的磁编码器的示意性截面图。
图8a和图8b以图表示出在斜板上的磁编码器的失调事件中的线性变化。
图9示出不是根据本发明的另一磁编码器的等轴视图。
具体实施方式
在图1a和图1b中,描绘根据本发明的示例性实施例的磁编码器的外壳1。这一外壳1由锌组成并且可以借助于压铸产生。它被分成整体上彼此连接的第一区段11和第二区段12。外壳1在图1a中从其上侧示出并且在图1b中从其下侧示出。第一区段11比第二区段12薄,其中第二区段12关于第一区段11朝向外壳1的上侧突出。第一区段11在下侧上具有两个呈销形式的紧固元件111、紧固元件112。这些紧固元件用来精确地调节磁编码器在斜板上的位置。第二区段12朝向下侧开放。它具有两个实质上是长方体的凹槽121、凹槽122,其纵向轴线平行并且朝向第一区段11延伸。这两个凹槽121、凹槽122被设计成容纳永磁体。在前两个凹槽121、凹槽122之间布置不是提供来容纳永磁体的第三凹槽123。它用于在压铸工艺中制造外壳1。四个销124到销127布置在第二区段中并且从下侧延伸出去。它们用来将外壳1与板连接,所述板将前两个凹槽121、凹槽122封闭。
在图2中,描绘了两个永磁体2、永磁体3可以怎样布置在外壳1的两个凹槽121、凹槽122中。此外,描绘了由钢组成的板4。这一板具有四个开口,其位置与销124到销127的位置对应。外壳1、两个永磁体2、永磁体3和板4一起形成根据本发明的示例性实施例的磁编码器5。
在图3中,描绘呈组装好的状态的磁编码器5。板4现在覆盖外壳1的第二区段12中的所有凹槽121到凹槽123。以使板在没有空隙的情况下安置在两个永磁体2、永磁体3上的方式将板与销124到销127压紧。这里,板完全覆盖两个永磁体2、永磁体3并且还延伸超出永磁体2、永磁体3所跨越的矩形表面区域。
图4中描绘磁编码器5横切永磁体2、永磁体3的纵向轴线的截面图。以使永磁体2、永磁体3的磁极中的一个面朝板4并且与板4接触,而另一磁极背朝板4并且与外壳1接触的方式将各永磁体极化。这里,第一永磁体2的南极21面朝板4并且其北极22背朝板4。第二永磁体3的北极31面朝板4并且其南极32背朝板4。除了永磁体2、永磁体3在上面与板4接触的磁编码器5的下侧之外,永磁体2、永磁体3被外壳1的锌围绕。
图5示出传统的轴向活塞泵6的构造,其被设计成斜板泵。在控制盘61上布置可旋转的圆筒62,其可以经由泵轴63设定成旋转的。这一圆筒具有六个活塞64,其各自安装在倾斜的斜板65上。
图6示出磁编码器5可以如何布置在根据上述示例性实施例的斜板65上。以使磁编码器的第二区段12的下侧和因此板4面朝活塞64的方式用磁编码器的紧固元件111、紧固元件112将磁编码器紧固到斜板65上。围封轴向活塞泵6的元件的泵外壳66具有在磁编码器5的区域中的开口,通过所述开口引导呈霍尔效应传感器形式的磁场传感器7。这允许永磁体2、永磁体3在磁编码器5中的移动被检测到并且因此推导出斜板65关于泵轴63的角度。由铁磁钢组成的活塞64在其移动期间仅仅最低限度地干扰两个永磁体2、永磁体3的磁场,因为板4为两个永磁体屏蔽活塞64。另外,磁编码器5中的永磁体2、永磁体3的纵向轴线与活塞64的纵向轴线平行。
作为比较实例,图7示意地描绘不是根据本发明的磁编码器8的构造。这一磁编码器具有单个永磁体81,其具有两个磁极811、磁极812。这里,北极811位于永磁体81的纵向轴线的一个末端并且永磁体81的南极822位于其纵向轴线的另一末端。尽管永磁体81的一个侧表面被暴露,但其另一侧表面被非铁磁塑料82围绕。这继而被金属外壳83围绕。与永磁体81的纵向轴线正交,这借助于塑料82与金属外壳83相距4mm。
针对磁编码器5、磁编码器8的不同失调,在图8a和图8b中描绘当以图6中描绘的方式布置在轴向活塞泵6中时,根据本发明的磁编码器5和不是根据本发明的磁编码器8的线性L的变化。这里,图8a示出沿着磁编码器5、磁编码器8的平面的失调dx的影响,并且图8b示出沿着活塞64与磁场传感器7之间的轴的磁编码器5、磁编码器8的失调dz的影响。由于根据本发明的磁编码器5具有两个永磁体2、永磁体3,因此针对两个永磁体2、永磁体3陈述线性L2、L3的变化,而对于不是根据本发明的磁编码器8来说,仅仅描绘其单个永磁体81的线性L81的变化。可以看出,与不是根据本发明的磁编码器8相比,根据本发明的磁编码器5的径向失调dx导致显著更小的非线性。另外,根据本发明的磁编码器5实质上对活塞64与磁场传感器7之间的偏移不敏感,而不是根据本发明的磁编码器8对此也反应出相当大的非线性。
作为另一比较实例,图9描绘不是根据本发明的根据DE 20 2009 008 372U1的磁编码器9的设计。这个涉及具有两个平行的永磁体91、永磁体92,其各自具有两个磁极911、912、921、922。这里,第一永磁体91的北极911位于第一永磁体91的纵向轴线的第一末端,并且其南极912位于其纵向轴线的第二末端。第二永磁体92的南极921位于第二永磁体921的纵向轴线的第一末端,并且其北极922位于其纵向轴线的第二末端。因此两个永磁体91、永磁体92被相反地极化。永磁体91、永磁体92布置在由钢片制成的板93上。
为了将根据本发明的磁编码器5与根据DE 20 2009 008 372U1的磁编码器9进行比较,对两个磁编码器进行了模拟,其各自具有两个长方体永磁体,所述永磁体在x方向的长度是16.25mm,在y方向的宽度是6.6mm并且在z方向的高度是4.5mm。这些永磁体在y方向彼此距离6.5mm布置,并且各自具有1.1T的标称剩磁。对于根据本发明的磁编码器,假定在z方向对永磁体进行极化,并且对于不是根据本发明的磁编码器,在x方向进行极化,其中两个永磁体在相反的方向被极化。在z方向的6mm距离下,对于根据本发明的磁编码器,其导致50mT的磁通密度,并且对于不是根据本发明的磁编码器,导致1.1μT的磁通密度。在根据图6的布置中,磁编码器5与磁场传感器7之间的6mm距离在结构上是必需的。对磁场传感器7的功能来说,推荐在磁场传感器7处的磁通密度在30mT到90mT范围内。这表明,不同于根据本发明的磁编码器5,不是根据本发明的磁编码器9不适用于通过将其附接到斜板65上来监控轴向活塞泵6。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有若干活塞(64)的轴向活塞泵(6),所述轴向活塞泵具有布置在斜板(65)上的磁编码器(5),和以使其面朝所述磁编码器(5)的方式布置的磁场传感器(7),所述轴向活塞泵的特征在于所述磁编码器(5)具有至少两个永磁体(2、3)和由铁磁材料组成的板(4),其中所述永磁体(2、3)以使其各自磁极(21、31)面向所述板(4)的方式布置在所述板(4)上,并且在每种情况下,这个磁极(21、31)至少部分地被板(4)覆盖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴向活塞泵(6),其特征在于,所述磁编码器(5)具有两个永磁体(2、3),并且一个永磁体(2)使其南极(21)面向所述板(4),并且另一永磁体(3)使其北极(31)面向所述板(4)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴向活塞泵(6),其特征在于,在每种情况下,所述永磁体(2、3)与所述板(4)之间的距离最大是500μm。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴向活塞泵(6),其特征在于,所述板(4)的厚度在0.5mm到1.2mm范围内。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的轴向活塞泵(6),其特征在于,所述永磁体(2、3)的不与所述板接触的所有表面都被至少一种非铁磁性材料围绕。
6.根据权利要求5所述的轴向活塞泵(6),其特征在于,所述一个磁编码器(5)具有由非铁磁性材料制成的外壳(1),所述外壳具有两个凹槽(121、122),所述凹槽中布置有所述永磁体(2、3),其中所述凹槽(121、122)被所述板(4)覆盖。
7.根据权利要求6所述的轴向活塞泵(6),其特征在于,所述外壳(1)具有至少一个紧固元件(111、112),用于紧固到所述斜板(65)上,其中所述紧固元件(111、112)布置在所述外壳(1)的与所述板(4)相同的侧面上。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的轴向活塞泵(6),其特征在于,所述板(4)以使所述板(4)面向所述活塞(64)并使所述永磁体(2、3)面向所述磁场传感器(7)的方式布置在所述磁场传感器(5)与所述活塞(64)之间。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的轴向活塞泵(6),其特征在于,所述板(4)在所述斜板(65)的一个位置与所述活塞(64)平行布置。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的轴向活塞泵(6),其特征在于,两个永磁体(2、3)的所述纵向轴线在所述斜板(65)的一个位置与所述活塞(64)平行布置。
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