CN110291364B - 传感器装置 - Google Patents

传感器装置 Download PDF

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CN110291364B
CN110291364B CN201880011766.6A CN201880011766A CN110291364B CN 110291364 B CN110291364 B CN 110291364B CN 201880011766 A CN201880011766 A CN 201880011766A CN 110291364 B CN110291364 B CN 110291364B
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magnet
magnet assembly
movement
transmitting element
sensor device
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CN110291364A (zh
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W·韦尔施
M·克莱因克内希特
S·费拉
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/245—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
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    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/147—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the movement of a third element, the position of Hall device and the source of magnetic field being fixed in respect to each other
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    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/003—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种传感器装置(1)，其具有一能沿运动方向移动的发射元件(2)和至少两个相对壳体固定的、磁场敏感的传感器(3)，所述传感器用于确定所述发射元件(2)的位置和/或运动，其中，所述发射元件(2)具有第一磁体组件(6)，所述第一磁体组件沿着所述发射元件(2)的运动方向具有不同取向的磁场。在此规定，所述发射元件(2)具有第二磁体组件(7)，所述第二磁体组件沿着所述发射元件(2)的运动方向具有不同取向的磁场。

Description

传感器装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种传感器装置，其具有一能沿尤其仅仅一个运动方向移动的发射元件和至少两个相对壳体固定的、磁场敏感的、用于确定发射元件的位置和/或位移的传感器，其中，所述发射元件具有第一磁体组件，所述第一磁体组件沿着所述发射元件的运动方向具有不同取向的磁场。
背景技术
由现有技术已经已知开头所提到的种类的传感器装置。例如公开文献DE 199 37206 C2公开了一种带有由多个磁体组成的磁体组件的传感器装置，所述磁体组件的北极和南极不同地取向，从而沿着磁体组件产生不同取向的磁场。通过两个磁场敏感的传感器检测磁场，其中以一定比例相对于彼此设定所述传感器的输出信号，以便获得和信号和/或差信号，由所述和信号和/或差信号能确定磁体组件相对于传感器的位置。类似的传感器装置也已经由文献DE 10 2009 055 104 A1已经由EP 0997 706 B1给出。
发明内容
根据本发明的传感器装置的优点在于，与外部均匀的杂散场(Streufeld)无关地，能够清楚地检测发射元件的位置。通过传感器装置的根据本发明的实施方式能够实现较长的测量路径并且也能够在所谓的夹紧区域中实现恒定的输出信号。根据本发明对此规定，发射元件具有第二磁体组件，所述第二磁体组件沿着所述发射元件的运动方向具有不同取向的磁场。因此存在两个磁体组件，它们沿着所述发射元件的运动方向具有不同的磁场取向。在此规定，所述磁体组件沿着所述发射元件具有不同的取向。通过传感器的相应的定位，在此在发射元件移动、尤其是沿运动方向运动时，能确定两个磁场组件的磁场改变或者说磁场取向的改变，这能够获得发射元件的明确的位置。尤其在作为差分传感器的实施方式中，因此确保检测出发射元件的明确的位置，所述发射元件例如机械地与致动器的致动元件连接，所述致动器的位置应被监控。
尤其规定，所述磁体组件的取向沿着所述发射元件彼此不同。由此沿运动方向可靠地确保明确地确定所述发射元件的位置。由于沿着所述发射元件的取向不同，在所述发射元件的相同高度上的磁场沿运动方向看不同地取向，由此能够明确地确定位置。
此外优选地规定，所述磁体组件布置/构造为在所述发射元件上的磁路。所述磁体组件相应轨状地、尤其是线性地在所述发射元件上方延伸，并且能够相应地沿运动方向由传感器可靠地检测出来。
此外优选地规定，所述磁体组件彼此相邻地布置/构造在所述发射元件上。因此所述磁体组件彼此相邻地布置在所述发射元件的一侧上，从而所述传感器配属于所述发射元件的相同的侧面，以便检测相应的磁场。由此实现了结构上简单的并且成本低廉的发射元件。
所述传感器优选分别配属于所述磁体组件其中之一，从而每个传感器分别监控所述磁体组件其中之一或者说分别检测所述磁体组件其中之一的磁场。由此可靠地确保了对磁场的明确的评估。
优选地规定，所述传感器沿运动方向彼此相邻地布置，从而其沿运动方向看彼此相邻地设置在相同的高度上，以便检测磁场。由此确保了传感器装置的紧凑的实施方式。替代地，所述传感器优选沿运动方向彼此错开或者说彼此间隔距离地布置，或者以能预先确定的测量角度相对于测量方向地布置，以便获得准确的测量结果。
此外优选地规定，磁场的取向逐步地改变或者连续地改变。通过逐步地改变取向确保了相应的磁体组件的简单的实施方式，其也能够成本低廉地实现。相应的磁体组件在此尤其能够通过多个彼此依次布置的单个磁体制成。连续地改变磁场的取向允许传感器装置的更高的分辨率进而允许准确地确定位置，并且例如能够优选对磁体进行螺旋状的磁化。
此外优选地规定，相应的磁体组件由多个磁体元件构成。正如已经提到的，在这种情况下能够成本低廉地实现带有尤其逐步地改变磁场的取向的、相应的磁体组件。所述磁体元件在此优选布置在发射元件的基体上，例如粘合或者形状配合地或者摩擦配合地保持在基体上。各个磁体元件在此能够直接彼此贴靠在一起或者彼此间隔距离地布置，从而在它们之间产生间隙、尤其是气隙。
此外优选地规定，相应的磁体组件由被不同地磁化的磁场本体构成。因此相应的磁体组件一体地由磁场发射器或者说磁场本体制成，其尤其通过有利的磁化沿着发射元件的纵向延伸部或者说沿着发射元件的运动方向改变磁场的取向。
根据本发明的一种特别优选的实施方式规定，所述磁体组件由唯一一个被磁化的磁场本体构成。由此实现了特别紧凑的发射元件。根据另一种实施方式，传感器装置或者说发射元件具有多于两个磁体组件，这些磁体组件沿着运动方向具有不同地取向的磁场。
特别优选地，所述发射元件能线性移动地得到支承。为此传感器装置有利地具有壳体，所述发射元件可移动地支承在所述壳体中，并且所述壳体还承载传感器。根据本发明的一种替代的实施方式规定，所述发射元件可转动地支承在壳体中，其中磁体组件优选沿圆周方向在发射元件的尤其圆形的基体的外圆周上方延伸。通过所述传感器装置因此不仅能以有利的方式检测线性运动和/或位置，还能检测旋转运动和/或旋转位置(角度位置)。
附图说明
接下来根据附图对本发明进行详细解释。为此唯一的附图示出了有利的传感器装置的简化的示图。
具体实施方式
附图示出了传感器装置1的简化的透视图，所述传感器装置具有发射元件2和两个传感器3。此外，所述传感器装置还具有壳体4，这里仅仅部分地示出所述壳体。所述壳体4一方面用于支承可运动发射元件2并且另一方面用于保持传感器3，从而所述发射元件2能相对于位置固定地或者说相对壳体固定地布置的传感器3运动。根据本实施例在此规定，所述发射元件2能线性地或者说平移地在壳体4中运动，正如通过双向箭头5所示出的那样。所述发射元件2在此基本上棒状地构造，并且能以其纵向延伸部根据箭头5在壳体4中移动。
所述发射元件2具有第一磁体组件6和第二磁体组件7，它们分别形成一磁路。所述磁路在此沿发射元件2的运动方向看彼此相邻地设置。根据本实施例，每个磁体组件6、7具有多个磁体元件6_1、6_2、6_3、6_4或者说7_1、7_2、7_3、7_4。所述磁体元件6_1至7_4在此优选直接相对于彼此固定、例如粘接，或者固定在共同的基体8上，该基体在附图中仅以虚线示出作为可选项。
所述磁体元件6_1至7_4在此如此构造和对齐，从而每个磁体组件6、7沿运动方向看具有带有不同取向的磁场，正如通过箭头在附图中示出的那样。在此，相邻的磁体组件6、7的取向彼此不同，从而沿发射元件2的运动方向看，带有不同取向的磁场彼此相邻地设置在相同高度上。
两个传感器3沿运动方向看彼此相邻地布置，从而其中一个传感器3配属于第一磁体组件6并且第二个传感器3配属于第二磁体组件7，以便检测相应的磁场以及其取向。
在此，这里未示出的控制设备监控传感器3的输出信号并将其汇总成和信号或者差信号，以便求得发射元件2相对于传感器3的位置。因为所述磁体组件6、7分别具有彼此不同的磁场取向，所以能以较高的准确性来确定发射元件2的位置。如果所述发射元件2根据箭头5相对于传感器3运动，那么由传感器3检测到的磁场和磁场取向就根据本实施例逐步地根据四个磁体元件6_1至6_4或者说7_1至7_4发生改变。
根据一种替代的实施例规定，磁场沿运动方向的取向连续地或者以特别小的步长发生改变，以便确保高分辨率的位置确定。替代由各个磁体元件组成的磁体组件6、7也可以考虑，设置用于每个磁体组件6、7磁体，所述磁体被如此磁化，从而其具有在纵向延伸部中沿其取向改变的磁场。为此相应的磁体例如被螺旋状地磁化。
所述传感器3尤其构造为霍尔传感器或者XMR传感器并且尤其确定在传感器3的测量部位处磁场的角度差，所述传感器3如已经说明的那样彼此相邻地或者说横向于测量方向地布置。
根据另一种这里未示出的实施例规定，所述发射元件2并非是棒状的，而是圆盘状的或者圆环状的，其中所述磁体组件6、7沿圆周方向在所述发射元件的外圆周上方延伸，从而借助于所述发射元件2能检测旋转运动或者转角位置。

Claims (8)

1.一种传感器装置(1)，其具有一能沿运动方向移动的发射元件(2)、至少两个相对壳体固定的磁场敏感的传感器(3)以及一控制设备，所述传感器用于确定所述发射元件(2)的位置和/或运动，所述控制设备监控所述传感器(3)的输出信号并将其汇总成和信号或者差信号，其中所述发射元件(2)具有第一磁体组件(6)，所述第一磁体组件沿着所述发射元件(2)的运动方向具有不同取向的磁场，其中，所述发射元件(2)具有第二磁体组件(7)，所述第二磁体组件沿着所述发射元件(2)的运动方向具有不同取向的磁场，其中，所述传感器(3)分别配属于所述第一磁体组件(6)和第二磁体组件(7)其中之一，其特征在于，所述发射元件(2)能线性移动地得到支承，并且所述第一磁体组件(6)和第二磁体组件(7)的磁场的取向沿着所述发射元件(2)彼此不同。
2.按照权利要求1所述的传感器装置，其特征在于，所述第一磁体组件(6)和第二磁体组件(7)布置/构造为在所述发射元件(2)上的磁路。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的传感器装置，其特征在于，所述第一磁体组件(6)和第二磁体组件(7)彼此相邻地布置/构造在所述发射元件(2)的一侧上。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的传感器装置，其特征在于，所述传感器(3)沿所述发射元件(2)的运动方向看彼此相邻地、沿运动方向彼此错开地或者以能预先确定的角度相对于测量方向地布置。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的传感器装置，其特征在于，磁场的取向逐步地改变或者连续地改变。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的传感器装置，其特征在于，相应的第一磁体组件(6)和第二磁体组件(7)由多个磁体元件(6_1至7_4)构成。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的传感器装置，其特征在于，相应的第一磁体组件(6)和第二磁体组件(7)由被不同地磁化的磁场本体构成。
8.按照权利要求1或2所述的传感器装置，其特征在于，第一磁体组件(6)和第二磁体组件(7)由唯一一个被磁化的磁场本体构成。
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