CN112984781B - Operation method and device of environment-friendly biomass combustion device with temperature control function - Google Patents
Operation method and device of environment-friendly biomass combustion device with temperature control function Download PDFInfo
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- CN112984781B CN112984781B CN202110431932.1A CN202110431932A CN112984781B CN 112984781 B CN112984781 B CN 112984781B CN 202110431932 A CN202110431932 A CN 202110431932A CN 112984781 B CN112984781 B CN 112984781B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/44—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups F24H1/24 - F24H1/40 , e.g. boilers having a combination of features covered by F24H1/24 - F24H1/40
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
- F24H9/1832—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners
- F24H9/1845—Arrangement or mounting of combustion heating means, e.g. grates or burners using solid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
- F24H9/2057—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using solid fuel
Abstract
The invention relates to an operation method and a device of an environment-friendly biomass combustion device with a temperature control function, and belongs to the technical field of high-end equipment in new energy industry. The combustion device comprises: conveying equipment, combustor and water treatment ware, it includes the following step: injecting water into a water storage tank of the combustion device and filling fuel into a fuel storage chamber of the combustion device, wherein the fuel is treated crop straws or untreated bran residues and straws; the fuel enters the feeding channel from the fuel storage chamber under the action of the auger structure driven by the motor and then enters the combustion chamber, and the fuel is combusted after contacting with the igniter; controlling the fuel feed rate and controlling the air flow rate of the fan blowing into the combustion chamber; further, in the combustion chamber, the fuel to air feed/flow ratio is controlled. The invention effectively utilizes renewable resources such as straws and the like, and solves the problem of low gasification heat conversion rate of straw fuel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an operation method and a device of an environment-friendly biomass combustion device with a temperature control function, and belongs to the technical field of high-end equipment in new energy industry.
Background
The biomass burner is a biomass semi-gasification automatic control burner, a biomass high-temperature cracking burner taking organic biomass such as biomass particles and the like as fuel, and the biomass burner uses biomass particles for burning without dust and pollution. The biomass burner is developed aiming at the need of mining and slow heating, adopts crop straws such as corn straws with rich fruits and the like as materials, presses the materials into granular fuel with regular shape and uniform size through molding equipment, then efficiently burns the granular fuel into heat energy through a fully active granular incinerator which is common in the process, and the heat generated by burning is absorbed by return water in a steam boiler.
Agricultural production and agricultural product processing can produce a large amount of straws (or called as "biomass fuel") such as crop straws, bran residues and the like. These raw materials have been used primarily as a domestic energy source. However, with the modernization of agricultural technology and the rapid development of agricultural economy, the amount of straw is increasing with the increase of crops, and the amount of straw used as energy is decreasing. The straws which are supplied and requested are abandoned in the fields, house yards and even directly burned in the fields. This not only affects the environment, causes water pollution, and is more likely to cause fire.
While the straw is wasted, the petrochemical energy sources such as gas, fuel oil, coal, petroleum and the like used in industrial and agricultural production in China are increasingly reduced. Meanwhile, traditional energy sources such as gas, fuel oil, coal and oil are adopted, the environment is easily polluted, and for example, the northern area is heated in winter, the heating effect is poor, the atmospheric environment is polluted, and the haze weather is easily caused.
Therefore, the replacement of traditional energy sources with clean energy sources and renewable energy sources is an important content of the current energy production and consumption revolution and life style revolution. For a residential heating system or a district heating system, such as a central heating system, it is urgently needed to introduce a new energy source as a new combustion device for fuel supply to replace or even replace the use of traditional fuels such as coal, fuel oil, gas and the like. The technology for converting straws such as crop straws, bran residues and the like into available resources is a novel clean fuel technology capable of being directly combusted.
Meanwhile, the technology can be applied to heating equipment for indoor temperature regulation and control of a residential heating system, a district heating system, coal-to-electricity and the like. The biomass heat supply has the characteristics of environmental protection, low carbon and is an effective way for treating the combustion pollution of the traditional fuel.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an operation method of an environment-friendly biomass combustion device with a temperature control function, which is used for combusting fuels such as straws and the like, and using heat energy generated by combustion in the aspects of environmental temperature regulation control, heating, cooking and the like, so as to solve various technical problems mentioned in the background technology.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
an operation method of an environment-friendly biomass combustion device with a temperature control function is provided, the combustion device comprises a hollow shell, a first circular opening and a second rectangular opening which penetrate through the top wall are formed in the top wall of the shell, and the combustion device further comprises: conveying equipment, a combustor and a water treatment device; the conveying equipment is positioned below the second rectangular opening and comprises a fuel storage chamber, a fuel conveying chamber, a feeding channel and a motor, wherein the fuel storage chamber is positioned below the second rectangular opening and is in a wide-top and narrow-bottom structure, and the lower part of the fuel storage chamber is connected to the fuel conveying chamber; the first end of the fuel conveying chamber is connected to the motor, and the second end of the fuel conveying chamber is connected to the feeding channel; the feed channel is communicated with the combustor; the motor drives the fuel delivery chamber; the combustor is positioned below the first circular opening and comprises a combustion chamber, and the straw is combusted in the combustion chamber; the water treatment device comprises two water treatment devices, wherein one water treatment device comprises a water storage tank, a water outlet and a water inlet, is positioned between the rear side wall of the shell and the combustion chamber and is close to the combustion chamber, and the water storage tank is positioned between the rear side wall of the shell and the combustion chamber; the other water treatment device is positioned between the combustion chamber and the top wall and is communicated with the smoke tube arranged at the rear wall, at least one water pipe is arranged in the other water treatment device, an interlayer is arranged on the side wall of the water treatment device, and the thickness of the interlayer is 2-4 cm; the specific operation method of the combustion device comprises the following steps:
step one, injecting water into a water storage tank of a combustion device and filling fuel into a fuel storage chamber of the combustion device, wherein the fuel is treated crop straws or untreated bran straws;
secondly, the fuel enters the feeding channel from the fuel storage chamber under the action of the auger structure driven by the motor and then enters the combustion chamber to be combusted after contacting with the igniter; and
controlling the feeding rate of the fuel to be 5-10kg/h and controlling the air flow blown into a combustion chamber by a fan to be 10-30L/s; furthermore, in the combustion chamber, the ratio of the fuel to air feed/flow is controlled to be 0.3-0.4: 1 (kg/h: L/s);
the auger structure is arranged in the fuel conveying chamber and comprises a shaft and blades arranged around the shaft, and the blades divide the interior of the fuel conveying chamber into a plurality of spaces with the same volume; the fuel storage chamber is in a structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part; the combustion chamber is provided with an upper combustion part in a cylindrical shape and a lower combustion part in a cuboid shape, the upper combustion part is communicated with the lower combustion part, the wall of the upper combustion part is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the ratio of the height of the upper combustion part to the height of the lower combustion part is 1:1.2 to 1:1.5, and the ratio of the diameter of the upper combustion part to the side length of the square of the cross section of the lower combustion part is 1:1.1 to 1: 1.3; the angle of the junction between the delivery apparatus and the combustion chamber is 30-60 degrees.
Furthermore, the back wall of the shell is provided with an explosion-proof valve mounting hole, and an explosion-proof valve for pressure relief is mounted in the explosion-proof valve mounting hole.
Further, the housing of the combustion device also has a base opposite to the top wall and four side walls connecting the top wall and the base: front side wall, back side wall, left side wall and right side wall.
Further, a first cover covering the first circular opening and a second cover covering the second rectangular opening are included.
Furthermore, a main switch, a control unit and a power interface are arranged on the front side wall; the main switch is used for controlling the opening and closing of the combustion device, and the power interface is used for being connected with a power supply to supply power to the combustion device.
Further, the control unit comprises an ignition control unit, a feeding control unit and a fan control unit.
Furthermore, the bottom of the front side wall is also provided with an openable ash removal opening and a cover for closing the ash removal opening.
Further, the front side wall, the rear side wall, the left side wall and the right side wall can be provided with hollow strips for heat dissipation or air exhaust.
The invention also comprises an environment-friendly biomass combustion device with a temperature control function, which can implement the operation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention effectively utilizes renewable resources such as straws and the like to save energy and reduce emission.
2. Through the calculation of the shape and the size of the combustion chamber and the calculation of the ratio of the feeding/flow of the fuel and the air, good combustion efficiency is obtained, and the problems of low biomass gasification heat conversion rate, insufficient biomass combustion and excessive tar and harmful gas generation are solved.
3. The combustion chamber adopts a structure with a lower part and an upper part, which is beneficial to the combustion of straws and the improvement of cooking firepower.
4. The stainless steel pipe water jacket increases the heat exchange area, and the heat can be utilized after being absorbed again.
5. The fuel feeding rate and the air flow in the combustion chamber and the proportion of the fuel feeding rate and the air flow are optimally controlled, the combustion efficiency is improved, the pollutant emission is reduced, and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of operating a combustion apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic front view of the external appearance of the combustion apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a rear view schematically showing the appearance of the combustion apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a first schematic view of the internal structure of the combustion apparatus of the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a second schematic view of the internal structure of the combustion apparatus of the first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a first schematic view of the internal structure of a combustion apparatus of a second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a second schematic view of the internal structure of a combustion apparatus of a second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the internal structure of a combustion apparatus of a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the auger structure.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a blanking hole.
Detailed Description
The combustion apparatus of the present invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 10. The combustion device has double functions of heating and cooking, and can ensure the conversion rate of biomass gasification heat while utilizing renewable resources.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the housing of the burner of the present invention is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, which facilitates the placement of the burner against a wall. The combustion apparatus of the present invention has a hollow rectangular parallelepiped structure, and is used for placing a transport facility, a burner, a water treatment device, and the like, which will be described later. However, the shape structure of the housing of the combustion apparatus is not limited, and those skilled in the art may also adopt other shapes such as a cylindrical structure, a long cylindrical structure (a cylindrical structure whose top surface is elliptical), and the like.
Specifically, the housing of the combustion device has a top wall 100, a base 200 opposite the top wall 100, and four side walls connecting the top wall 100 and the base 200: a front sidewall 300, a rear sidewall 400, a left sidewall 500, and a right sidewall 600.
The top wall 100 is provided with a first circular opening 101 (also called a burner port) and a second rectangular opening 102 (also called a feed port). Both the first circular opening 101 and the second rectangular opening 102 penetrate the top wall 100. A first circular opening 101 and a second rectangular opening 102 are provided in the middle of the top wall 100 with respect to the other structures to facilitate communication with each other with the structures located in the combustion device hollow, respectively. Generally, the first circular opening 101 and the second rectangular opening 102 are configured to have different shapes from each other for easy discrimination by an operator. For example, the first circular opening 101 is configured in a circular shape, which is adapted to the shape of a cooker (e.g., a wok); while the second rectangular opening 102 is configured as a rectangle to facilitate more straw (or "fuel") delivery. A first cover 2000 for covering the first circular opening and a second cover 3000 for covering the second rectangular opening 102 are also provided. The top wall 100 is also provided with at least one exhaust hole 103 through which the exhaust tube 16 passes for exhaust. The exhaust holes 103 are arranged generally at the corners of the top wall 100, close to the combustion chamber 8 described later, with respect to the first circular opening 101 and the second rectangular opening 102. The front side wall 300 is provided with a main switch 5000, a control unit 4000 and a power interface 6000. The main switch 5000 is used for controlling the on and off of the combustion device, and the power interface 6000 is used for connecting with a power supply to supply power to the combustion device. The main switch 5000 and the power interface 6000 may take any form commonly used in the art, and are not limited thereto. The control unit 4000 may include various control units such as an ignition control unit, a feeding control unit, a blower control unit, etc., and the human-computer interaction expression form of each control unit is not limited, but may adopt various modes such as a button, a knob, a liquid crystal display touch, etc. The ignition control unit may be used to control the start and end of ignition of the combustion device, and may set an auto-ignition mode and a non-auto-ignition mode. In the auto-ignition mode, the firing of the main switch 5000 may automatically start the ignition function. The ignition control means is connected to an igniter 14 described later. The feed control unit may be used to control the start time, stop time, amount of feed, rate of feed, etc. of the feed. The feed control unit is connected to a motor 21 described later. The fan control unit can be used for controlling the opening and closing of the fan, the air quantity of the fan and the like. The fan control unit is connected to a fan 20 described later. The front wall 300 may further include a display unit (not shown) for displaying status information such as an ignition status, a feeding status, a fan status, and the like, a prompt message, a fault message, and the like. In addition to being provided on the front side wall 300, the main switch 5000, the control unit 4000 and the display unit may be provided on the top wall 100 or the side wall (the left side wall 500 or the right side wall 600) to facilitate the operation by the operator. The bottom of the front side wall 300 is also provided with an openable ash removal opening and a cover 1000 for closing the ash removal opening, so that an operator can conveniently remove burnt ash and slag out of the combustion device. The ash removal port extends through the front wall 300. By way of example, the cap 1000 may be self-closing. That is, when not in use, the lid 1000 covers the ash removal opening; in use, however, an operator applying force to the cover 1000 may cause it to pivot inwardly or slide sideways of the combustion apparatus, thereby opening the ports. The height of the ash removal opening is arranged at least substantially level with the grate 7, described below, in order to facilitate the operator to reach the grate with tools through the ash removal opening. The rear side wall 400 is provided with a chimney 18 which is in direct or indirect communication with a combustion chamber 8 described later. The chimney 18 is disposed in an upper portion of the rear sidewall 400 to facilitate the discharge of combusted gases from the combustion device.
In yet a further embodiment, the rear sidewall 400 may also be provided with an explosion-proof valve mounting hole 15 for mounting an explosion-proof valve (not shown). When the pressure in the combustion device is too high, the explosion-proof valve can extrude and explode the silica gel sealing ring to realize the purpose of pressure relief. The explosion-proof valve mounting hole 15 is provided at a position close to the combustion chamber 8.
In still further embodiments, a visual window (not shown) may be provided on the left sidewall 500 or the right sidewall 600 to facilitate an operator to observe the operation state of each structure in the furnace, etc. The front side wall 300, the rear side wall 400, the left side wall 500 and the right side wall 600 can be further provided with hollow bars 30 for heat dissipation or air exhaust.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the combustion apparatus includes a transport device, a burner, and a water treatment device. The delivery apparatus is disposed generally below the second rectangular opening 102, the burner is disposed generally below the first circular opening 101, and the water treatment apparatus is disposed generally adjacent to the burner. The conveying equipment and the burner are communicated with each other so that the straws enter the burner from the conveying equipment. Specifically, the delivery apparatus includes a fuel storage chamber (or "silo") 12, a fuel delivery chamber 22, a feed channel 9, and a motor 21. The fuel storage chamber 12 is located directly below the second rectangular opening 102 for receiving straw fed from the second rectangular opening 102. The fuel storage chamber 12 has a wide-top and narrow-bottom configuration: the "upper wide" portion communicates with the second rectangular opening 102 to facilitate the entry of feedstock, and the "lower narrow" portion communicates with the fuel delivery chamber 22 through the "neck" portion 50. The underside of the fuel storage chamber 12 communicates through a "neck" 50 to the fuel delivery chamber 22. The structure of which the upper part is wide and the lower part is narrow is beneficial to controlling the putting amount of the straws. The fuel delivery chamber 22 is generally cylindrical in configuration. The upper portion of the fuel delivery chamber 22 communicates with the fuel storage chamber 12 (e.g., via the neck 50), the side near the combustion chamber 8 communicates directly with the feed channel 9, and the side away from the combustion chamber 8 is fitted with the motor 21. The auger structure 41 is adopted in the fuel conveying chamber 22, so that the fuel can be conveyed into the combustion chamber 8 at regular time and quantity, and poor combustion effect caused by too much or too little feeding can be avoided. Specifically, as shown in fig. 8, the auger structure includes a shaft 411 and a blade 412 spirally extending from one end of the shaft 411 to the other end of the shaft. The shaft 411 is connected to the motor 21 to be rotated by the motor 21. The vanes 412 are wound on the shaft in a manner that cuts the fuel delivery chamber 22 into a plurality of substantially identical spaces. The fuel that falls into the fuel delivery chamber 22 (through the blanking holes 40, as shown in fig. 9) is naturally blocked by the vanes and is located in the spaces between the vanes. The blade 412 shown in fig. 8 is of a one-piece helical type. Alternatively, the blades may be independent, each having the same shape and size and being spaced apart by the same distance. The power of the motor 21 is controlled by the control unit 4000, so that the spiral advancing speed of the blades is controlled, and the feeding speed is controlled. The feed channel 9 communicates on one side with the fuel delivery chamber 22 and on the other side with the combustion chamber 8. The side of the feed channel 9 communicating with the fuel delivery chamber 22 (also referred to as the "first side") is vertically higher than the side of the feed channel 9 communicating with the combustion chamber 8 (also referred to as the "second side"), as best shown in fig. 3 and 7. That is, fuel may slide from the fuel delivery chamber 22 through the feed channel 9 from top to bottom into the combustion chamber 8. In general, the angle α between the feed channel 9 and the horizontal may be set in the range of 30-60 °, preferably 45 °. Such an inclined design on the one hand facilitates the fuel to slide down into the combustion chamber 8 from a high position and on the other hand prevents the fire in the combustion chamber 8 from igniting the raw material in the feed channel 9, i.e. from backfiring to ignite the straw in the fuel reservoir 12. The motor 21 is connected to a shaft 411 in the fuel delivery chamber 22 for rotating it to facilitate the fuel to travel to the feed channel 9.
The burner comprises a combustion chamber 8. The combustion chamber 8 is located directly below the first circular opening 101 and is connected to the conveying device via a feed channel 9. The combustion chamber 8 is constructed in an upper round and lower round structure. That is, the upper half of the combustion chamber 8 is configured as a cylinder (circular or elliptical in cross section), and the lower half of the combustion chamber is configured as a rectangular parallelepiped. The "round top and round bottom" configuration helps to focus the fire and allow for faster heating. Note that, in the present invention, it is preferable that the lower half of the combustion chamber be square in cross section and the upper half of the combustion chamber be circular in cross section. The proportional relationship between the side length of the square and the diameter of the circle, and the proportional relationship between the height of the lower half and the height of the upper half are described below. The inventors have found that a square has a side length slightly greater than or equal to the diameter of a circle, or the lower half has a height 1.3 times the height of the upper half, resulting in better combustion efficiency. The inventors have also found that such a dimensional ratio, in combination with the 45 degree feed angle of the feed channel 9 and the optimization of the fuel feed rate and air flow rate described later, allows for maximum and complete combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber 8. The structure below the upper circle can also solve the problems of low heat conversion rate of straw gasification, insufficient straw combustion and tar and harmful gas generation.
The wall surface of the upper half (i.e., the cylindrical body) of the combustion chamber 8 is provided with a plurality of intake ports 10, which contribute to the secondary combustion and improve the combustion efficiency. The lower half (i.e., rectangular parallelepiped) of the combustion chamber 8 has a through hole 91 (best shown in fig. 7) opened in a wall surface thereof to communicate with the feed passage 9. The shape of the through hole 91 is not limited. The bottom of the cuboid of the combustion chamber 8 is provided with a vent 30 which is helpful for the combustion of the raw materials at the bottom, and the gasification gradually rises after the combustion of the straws. A fan 20 is arranged on one side of the combustion chamber 8, and the fan 20 is connected with the combustion chamber 8 through an air inlet hole 13. The fan 20 is used to supply wind energy to the combustion chamber to assist combustion. The power of the fan 20 can be controlled by the control unit 4000 to control the content or flow rate of the blown air. The bottom of the combustion chamber 8 is provided with a grate 7 for ash removal.
The water treatment apparatus is positioned between the rear side wall 400 and the combustion chamber 8, and adjacent to the combustion chamber 8. The water treatment device comprises a water storage tank 23, and a water outlet 17 and a water inlet 19 which are arranged on the rear side wall 400. The water outlet 17 and the water inlet 19 are vertically spaced apart. A water inlet 19 is generally provided in the lower portion of the rear side wall 400 for allowing a liquid such as water to flow into the combustion apparatus. The outlet 17 is generally disposed at an upper portion of the rear sidewall 400, i.e., above the inlet. Preferably near the top wall 100 for draining liquids such as water from the combustion device. The reservoir 23 is constructed of a material having a high thermal conductivity to conduct heat energy from the combustion chamber, which heats the liquid in the reservoir 23, and the heated liquid exits the outlet 17. The water treatment device is used for avoiding dry burning of the combustion chamber 8 and can also be used as heating water for supplying heat to rooms. An interlayer can be arranged outside the water storage tank 23 to facilitate the heat preservation of the water storage tank.
Example 2
The combustion apparatus shown in fig. 6 to 8 differs from the combustion apparatus of the first embodiment shown in fig. 3 and 4 in that a water treatment device is added to the combustion apparatus of embodiment 1.
Specifically, another water treatment device is provided between the top wall 100 and the combustion chamber 8. Another water treatment apparatus includes a chamber 24. The chamber 24 is internally provided with a plurality of water tubes 11, and the water tubes 11 in the chamber 24 are directly heated during the hot gas generated by combustion flowing from the combustion chamber 8 to the chimney 18. The chamber 24 has an interlayer 28 to lock in the heat. The arrangement of the interlayer 28 increases the heat exchange area and improves the heat absorption capacity. The water pipe 11 may be provided to communicate with the water storage tank 23, or may be a structure separate from the water storage tank 23. The chamber 24 communicates with a chimney provided at the rear wall.
To avoid too rapid heat loss and at the same time increase the heat exchange area, the chamber 24 is constructed with a sandwich structure 28, as best shown in fig. 7, the width of which is set to be around 2-4cm, e.g. 3cm, 4cm, etc.
It should be noted that the water treatment unit and the further water treatment unit do not have to be present at the same time. According to different requirements of operators, only one water treatment device can be arranged, or both the water treatment device and the other water treatment device can be arranged. In this example, in combination with example 1, two water treatment apparatuses were installed at the same time.
The water pipe 11 may be in communication with the water storage tank 23 when both the water treatment unit and the further water treatment unit are present.
Method of operation
As shown in fig. 1, first, a fan, a motor, an ignition system, and the like are set in advance. For example, the autoloading time is set to 3s, the fan default gear is set to the lowest gear, the motor power is set to the low gear, and the auto-ignition function is set. Filling the reservoir 23 with water, e.g. filling the reservoir 23; and the raw material is filled into the fuel storage chamber 12. The feedstock may be treated (e.g. cut) crop straw or untreated bran residue or the like straw. Then, the raw materials enter the feeding channel 9 in sequence under the action of the auger structure driven by the motor and then enter the combustion chamber 8 to be fully combusted after contacting with the igniter. The gear of the fan can be adjusted to provide sufficient oxygen for combustion. Meanwhile, the calcining efficiency is regulated and controlled by controlling the fuel feeding rate and the air blowing rate of a fan. For example, the fuel feed rate is controlled to be 5-10kg/h, and the air flow rate blown into the combustion chamber by a blower is controlled to be 10-30L/s.
When cooking is needed, the feeding time can be adjusted to be shortest, the wind speed is adjusted to be highest, the firepower reaches the maximum at the moment, and the normal cooking requirement can be met.
Optimization of fuel feed rate and air flow:
in combustion heating, the feed rate or content of fuel and air is an important factor affecting the operating efficiency and life of the combustor, and at the same time, they are also important to the thermal load of the combustor and the pollutant emissions generated during the combustion process. The fuel feeding is too fast, so that the incomplete oxygen supply is insufficient, the incomplete combustion is generated, the discharge amount of pollutant gas is increased, and the blockage of a combustion chamber with the insufficient ash combustion is seriously caused; the fuel feeding is too slow to reach the heat load standard of the burner, and the heating power is not enough. It is necessary to control the feed rate of the fuel and the flow rate of the air blowing reasonably and simultaneously.
The utility model provides a burner contains this two key parts of auger mechanism and fan. When the combustion device is used, the control of the feeding rate of fuel and the control of the flow rate of air blowing are respectively realized by controlling the transmission rate of the blades of the twist mechanism and the power of the fan. The biomass feeding rate exceeds 20kg/h, and overlarge load is generated on a transmission blade of the auger mechanism, so that the loss of the auger mechanism is increased, and the service life of the auger mechanism is influenced; if the feed rate is less than 1kg/h, the vane drive is unloaded too much and the combustion efficiency is reduced. For the air flow, if the air flow exceeds 50L/s, the noise and the load of a fan are excessive; if it is less than 1L/s, oxygen deficiency results in incomplete combustion.
Considering that the fuel in the application is crop straw or straw such as bran residue and the influence of fuel load on the blades, the average feeding rate of the fuel is controlled to be 5-10kg/h, preferably 6-8 kg/h; the air flow blown into the combustion chamber by the fan is 10-30L/s, preferably 15-25L/s, for noise and fan load control. In the present invention, the ratio of the feed/flow rate of fuel (kg/h) to air (L/s) is controlled within a certain range in a certain critical state in the combustion chamber to achieve optimal control of combustion efficiency control.
The inventive test evaluates the combustion-generated ash and pollutant (mainly nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing oxides) content of fuel (untreated bran) at a series of ratios of fuel (kg/h) to air (L/s) feed/flow rates, with the results shown in tables 1-1.
TABLE 1-1
| Test of | Ratio of fuel (kg/h) to air (L/s) feed/flow | Ash form | The content of contaminants is wt% |
| Test 1 | 1：1 | Caking is obvious | 2.52% |
| Test 2 | 0.2：1 | No obvious agglomeration | 0.55% |
| Test 3 | 0.3：1 | No obvious agglomeration | 0.44% |
| Test 4 | 0.4：1 | No obvious agglomeration | 0.46% |
| Test 5 | 0.5：1 | No obvious agglomeration | 0.83% |
| Test 6 | 0.6：1 | Several agglomerates | 0.93 |
| Test | |||
| 7 | 0.7：1 | Several agglomerates | 1.42 |
| Test | |||
| 8 | 0.8：1 | Caking is obvious | 2.39 |
| Test | |||
| 9 | 0.9：1 | Caking is obvious | 2.30% |
After testing, the present invention determines that the ratio of the rates of feed/flow of fuel (kg/h) to air (L/s) is selected to be 0.2-0.5: 1, more preferably 0.3 to 0.4: 1. under the selected parameters, the ash and slag discharged by the combustion device are not agglomerated and are fully combusted, the gas pollutants discharged by the combustion device are detected, and the discharge of the gas pollutants also reaches the national waste gas discharge standard. Namely, for the biomass combustion of the invention, the combustion efficiency of the combustion chamber can be optimized, and simultaneously the pollutant emission can be reduced.
Optimization of the structure and the size of the combustion chamber:
the inventors have found that the configuration of the combustion chamber is also an important factor affecting the operating efficiency and life of the combustion chamber. Therefore, the present invention also tested the effect of the configuration of the combustion chamber (the difference in shape and size of the upper and lower halves) and the feed angle of the feed channel on the combustion efficiency, as exemplified by experiments 1 and 6 in table 1, and the results are shown in tables 1-2.
Tables 1 to 2
After testing, it was determined that the shape and size of the combustion chamber had a more pronounced effect on combustion efficiency, with the ratio of the height of the upper half of the combustion chamber to the lower half and the ratio of the diameter of the upper half of the combustion chamber (circular cross section) to the side length of the lower half (square cross section) appearing to have a more pronounced effect on combustion efficiency than the feed angle. In addition, if the difference between the height of the upper half of the combustion chamber and the height of the lower half is too large (e.g., 1:3), or the difference between the diameter of the upper half of the combustion chamber and the diameter of the lower half of the combustion chamber is also large (e.g., 3:1), the effect on the combustion efficiency does not seem to be large, but the overall size of the combustion apparatus is affected. It can also be seen from table 2 that in the case where the height ratio of the upper half portion to the lower half portion of the combustion chamber is 1:1.2 to 1.5 and the ratio of the diameter of the upper half portion to the side length of the lower half portion of the combustion chamber is 1:1.1 to 1.3, the combustion efficiency is optimum and there is not much adverse effect on the overall size of the combustion apparatus. That is, when the upper half of the combustion chamber is slightly shorter and narrower than the lower half, the combustion efficiency is optimal.
The above description is only for various embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and all such changes or substitutions are included in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The operation method of the environment-friendly biomass combustion device with the temperature control function is characterized in that the combustion device comprises a hollow shell, a first circular opening and a second rectangular opening which penetrate through the top wall are formed in the top wall of the shell, and the combustion device further comprises: conveying equipment, a combustor and a water treatment device; the conveying equipment is positioned below the second rectangular opening and comprises a fuel storage chamber, a fuel conveying chamber, a feeding channel and a motor, wherein the fuel storage chamber is positioned below the second rectangular opening and is in a wide-top and narrow-bottom structure, and the lower part of the fuel storage chamber is connected to the fuel conveying chamber; the first end of the fuel conveying chamber is connected to the motor, and the second end of the fuel conveying chamber is connected to the feeding channel; the feed channel is communicated with the combustor; the motor drives the fuel delivery chamber; the burner is positioned below the first circular opening and comprises a combustion chamber in which fuel is combusted; the water treatment device comprises two water treatment devices, wherein one water treatment device comprises a water storage tank, a water outlet and a water inlet, is positioned between the rear side wall of the shell and the combustion chamber and is close to the combustion chamber, and the water storage tank is positioned between the rear side wall of the shell and the combustion chamber; the other water treatment device is positioned between the combustion chamber and the top wall and is communicated with the smoke tube arranged at the rear wall, at least one water pipe is arranged in the other water treatment device, an interlayer is arranged on the side wall of the water treatment device, and the thickness of the interlayer is 2-4 cm; the specific operation method of the combustion device comprises the following steps:
step one, injecting water into a water storage tank of a combustion device and filling fuel into a fuel storage chamber of the combustion device, wherein the fuel is treated crop straws or untreated bran straws;
secondly, the fuel enters the feeding channel from the fuel storage chamber under the action of the auger structure driven by the motor and then enters the combustion chamber to be combusted after contacting with the igniter; and
controlling the feeding rate of the fuel to be 5-10kg/h and controlling the air flow blown into a combustion chamber by a fan to be 10-30L/s; furthermore, in the combustion chamber, the ratio of the fuel to air feed/flow is controlled to be 0.2-0.4: 1 (kg/h: L/s);
the auger structure is arranged in the fuel conveying chamber and comprises a shaft and blades arranged around the shaft, and the blades divide the interior of the fuel conveying chamber into a plurality of spaces with the same volume; the fuel storage chamber is in a structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part; the combustion chamber is provided with an upper combustion part in a cylindrical shape and a lower combustion part in a cuboid shape, the upper combustion part is communicated with the lower combustion part, the wall of the upper combustion part is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes, the ratio of the height of the upper combustion part to the height of the lower combustion part is 1:1.2 to 1:1.5, and the ratio of the diameter of the upper combustion part to the side length of the lower combustion part in a square cross section is 1: 1.3; the angle of the connection between the conveying equipment and the combustion chamber is 30-60 degrees; the back wall of the shell is provided with an explosion-proof valve mounting hole, and an explosion-proof valve for pressure relief is mounted in the explosion-proof valve mounting hole; the housing of the combustion device also has a base opposite the top wall and four side walls connecting the top wall and the base: a front sidewall, a rear sidewall, a left sidewall, and a right sidewall; further comprising a first cover covering the first circular opening and a second cover covering the second rectangular opening; the front side wall is provided with a main switch, a control unit and a power interface; the main switch is used for controlling the opening and closing of the combustion device, and the power interface is used for being connected with a power supply to supply power to the combustion device; the control unit comprises an ignition control unit, a feeding control unit and a fan control unit; the bottom of the front side wall is also provided with an openable ash removal port and a cover for closing the ash removal port; the front side wall, the rear side wall, the left side wall and the right side wall can be further provided with hollow strips for heat dissipation or air exhaust.
2. A combustion unit for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the front side wall is further provided with an openable and closable ash removal opening and a cover for closing the ash removal opening.
3. The combustion device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the front, rear, left and right side walls are further provided with hollow strips for heat dissipation or exhaust.
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