CN112981724B - 一种速干棉纺织品及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种速干棉纺织品及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112981724B
CN112981724B CN202110175064.5A CN202110175064A CN112981724B CN 112981724 B CN112981724 B CN 112981724B CN 202110175064 A CN202110175064 A CN 202110175064A CN 112981724 B CN112981724 B CN 112981724B
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cotton
hydrophobic
water repellent
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electrostatic spinning
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CN112981724A (zh
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覃小红
李景川
王荣武
权震震
张弘楠
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Donghua University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种速干棉纺织品及其制备方法。所述制备方法依次包括配棉，梳棉、憎水改性和抗菌整理，纺纱，织造，染色步骤；其中，梳棉、憎水改性和抗菌整理步骤是在棉纱生产梳棉过程中，使用静电纺，直接将纤维负载在棉网上，并将憎水剂及憎水交联剂线性施加到棉网上；静电纺丝所采用的纺丝液包括聚合物载体、憎水剂、憎水交联剂及抗菌防臭剂。本发明制备的成纱中部分纤维具有憎水性，降低纱线整体的吸水率以提升速干性能，利用作为载体的高分子材料的超细直径与棉纤维之间所形成的差细毛动效应，提升水分往纱线表面的传导效率；利用超细纤维形成的大比表面积，提升水分的蒸发效率；抗菌防臭剂与憎水剂的协同，可降低运动汗湿后面料异味的问题。

Description

一种速干棉纺织品及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有吸湿速干性能棉纺织品的制备方法，属于纺织品制备领域。
背景技术
棉具有很好的亲肤性和吸湿能力，深受消费者欢迎，在日常服装商品消费中，占据了很大份额比例。但与化纤类产品相比，棉的速干能力差距较大，即在汗湿的情况下，很难实现速干。这也是为什么在较剧烈运动中，很少有人会选择穿棉类产品的原因。
但对于普通人的日常生活，更多的是相对轻量的健身运动，如广场舞、慢跑等。其特点是运动量不是很大，会出一些汗水但不至于像竞技运动那么大量出汗。这时候会存在服装选择比较困难的问题，运动服舒服性没有那么好；棉类的休闲服，又存在不容易速干，且运动后很容易反凉的问题。
如何提升棉类产品吸湿后的舒适性，一直是纺织从业者不断追求的目标：
目前最通用的技术是单向导湿，即通过在织物背面通过印花或喷涂等方式处理上拒水剂，形成局部拒水、局部亲水的效果，从而达到将汗水从内部吸向外部的效果。
但此方法具有如下局限性：
1、由于是局部亲水设计，而且亲水点比例通常在15％以下，85％以上均是拒水点。因此，汗水只有形成较大的汗滴之后，才能找到亲水点并被吸走。没有形成大的汗滴时，会因为面料本身的拒水性，而并不会很快吸走，在皮肤上形成汗膜，从而影响舒适性；
2、拒水剂只印在织物表面，对面料里层表面的棉纱有一定的影响，而对整个面料的保水性，基本没有受到影响。因此，其并不会提升面料的本身的蒸发速率。即面料没有速干性。这也制约了该工艺的深层次应用和推广。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种速干纱及面料的制备方法，其能在棉纱中形成部分拒水改性，从而降低棉纱自身对水的亲和力。同时，通过面料设计，形成毛细差动，通过静电纺纱的大比较面积，提升面料的蒸发效。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种速干棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，依次包括配棉，梳棉、憎水改性和抗菌整理，纺纱，织造，染色步骤；其中，梳棉、憎水改性和抗菌整理步骤是在棉纱生产梳棉过程中，使用静电纺，直接将纤维负载在棉网上，并将憎水剂及憎水交联剂线性施加到棉网上；静电纺丝所采用的纺丝液包括聚合物载体、憎水剂、憎水交联剂及抗菌防臭剂。
优选地，所述聚合物载体为聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯腈中的任意一种或几种；所述憎水剂为拒水高分子碳氢化合物；所述憎水交联剂为异氰酸酯类交联剂；所述抗菌防臭剂为季铵盐类阳离子抗菌防臭剂。
更优选地，所述聚氨酯的分子量为8～15万，所述聚乙烯醇的分子量为5～12万，所述聚丙烯腈的分子量为5～12万。
优选地，所述憎水剂、憎水交联剂的用量分别为1～5OWF％和0.1～0.5OWF％，抗菌防臭剂的用量为0.1～0.5OWF％。
优选地，所述纺丝液中聚合物载体的质量浓度为5～15％，憎水剂、憎水交联剂质量浓度分别为10～50％和1～5OWF％，抗菌防臭剂的质量浓度为1～5％。
优选地，所述静电纺丝的工艺参数为：电压30～80kV，棉网直接作为静电纺接收装置；所得纤维的直径为200～500nm。
优选地，所述憎水改性的纤维与所有纤维的质量百分比为40～80％。
优选地，所述染色步骤前将所述棉纺织品进行坯布定型处理，工艺参数为：温度90～170℃，时间1～3min，增加坯布定型工艺，提升憎水性提升的牢度。
更优选地，坯布定型130℃，2min，以完成憎水剂及憎水交联剂在棉纤维上的交联。
优选地，所述染色步骤中，根据染色鲜艳度，加入纯碱5～20g/L，质量浓度30％双氧水0～5g/L；染色采用活性染料，根据颜色深度，60℃煮30～90min，染液pH值控制在12～14。
本发明还提供了一种制备方法制备的速干棉纺织品。
本发明中将XF-5003，用静电纺工艺，以线性方式施加到棉网上；优选憎水剂为大金公司生产的XF-5003，其用量为30％～50％；低温憎水交联剂为广州联庄科技有限公司的AFF，交联剂用量为1％～5％，静电纺纺丝介质为PU、PVA或者PAN；静电纺憎水剂的施加，是在棉纱梳棉过程中进行。由静电纺的超细丝作为载体，将憎水剂及低温憎水交联剂以线性方式与棉纤维结合——线性方式是指：静电纺抽出来的丝，是线性的，其带上的憎水剂及低温憎水交联剂，将以线性方式，附着在棉纤维上并进行改性，可以使纱线获得比较线性的亲水或拒水效果。有利于水分沿着线性方向快速导出，避免喷雾等方式形成的局部聚集影响导湿效果。
本发明中速干棉纱及面料采用静电纺工艺，利用PU、PVA或PAN等高分子材料作为载体，将憎水剂及低温憎水交联剂线性施加到棉网上。主要是利用静电纺亚微米纤维直径远低于棉纤维(棉纤维直径为20μ)的特点，实现对棉纤维的局部憎水性提升。本发明中的憎水性提升纤维的直径为200～500nm，如果纤维直径过大，其比较面积会变小，会出现如下问题，其一带上的憎水剂及低温憎水交联剂也会减少很多，改性效率不高；其二，无法附着在单根纤维表面，导致局部改性效果不佳；其三，直径过大，会影响面纱成纱质量。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明在梳棉过程中，将憎水剂及低温憎水交联剂通过静电纺工艺，以线性的方式添加到棉网上，与棉进行混合，达到对棉实现局部改性的目的。从而在同一根棉纱里面，形成既有部分亲水纤维，又存在部分憎水纤维的混合体，在保证纱线具有一定亲水导水性能的同时，降低整体的饱水率。
(2)超细静电纺丝，直径只有棉纤维的千分之一，可以通过差细毛动效应提升导湿效率，同时提高整个纤维的比表面积，提升蒸发速率。
(3)整体流程，与净色染色工艺流程一致，生产效率和灵活性大大提升。
(4)本发明使用静电纺工艺，实现憎水剂及低温憎水交联剂的线性施加，防止局部聚集对棉纤维的损伤，改性过程是线性而不是颗粒状局部的改性，提升棉改性的均匀性。
附图说明
图1为静电纺纱线线性包覆效果图；其中，A、B、C、D为不同放大倍数的静电纺纤维在棉纤维上的线性包覆情况。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂，兹以优选实施例，并配合附图作详细说明如下。
本发明中的制备装置为铺面+静电纺丝联合设备(在普通梳棉机上面增加静电纺丝装备)，可参见专利文献CN 110295399 A。
本发明中的憎水剂为日本大金公司的XF-5003；憎水交联剂为广州联庄科技有限公司的AFF；抗菌防臭剂为北京洁尔爽高科技公司的SCJ990。
实施例1
16支平纹吸湿速干棉生产工艺：
工艺流程：铺棉——梳棉+静电纺局部憎水处理——纺纱——织造——胚布定型——染色——定型——成品。
主要技术指标：
梳棉+局部憎水处理，具体为：在棉纱生产梳棉过程中，使用静电纺工艺，将憎水剂及低温憎水交联剂线性施加到棉网上(棉网直接作为接收装置)：静电纺电压50kV，喷丝口与棉网距离15CM，使用的静电纺丝载体PAN质量百分浓度10％，分子量10万，憎水剂质量百分占比分别为40％及低温憎水交联剂质量百分占比分别为5％，渗透剂0.5％，抗菌防臭剂SCJ-990 4％。所得高分子静电纺载体纤维的直径分布为200-300nm；。局部憎水改性后的纤维占比约为60％；
坯定：130℃，2分钟。
染色：配方：活性红3BS 3.5％OWF、活性黄3RS 0.3OWF。
染色条件：水比1：8(1kg布，需8kg水)，60℃，60分钟，染液pH为13。
表1 16S平纹面料测试结果
Figure BDA0002940437070000041
Figure BDA0002940437070000051
Figure BDA0002940437070000061
表2功能测试结果
Figure BDA0002940437070000062
测试方法：GB/T 21655.1-2008纺织品吸湿速干性的评定测试方法
由表1-2中测试结果可以看出，经过整理后的棉纱，吸湿速干性能以及防止异味的能力都有明显提升，各项指标均达到国家标准要求。
实施例2
30支纯棉螺纹速干棉布生产工艺：
工艺流程：配棉——梳棉+部分憎水处理+抗菌——纺纱——织造——胚布定型——染色——定型——成品。
主要技术指标：
梳棉+憎水性提升具体为：在棉纱生产梳棉过程中，使用静电纺工艺，将憎水剂及低温憎水交联剂线性施加到棉网上(棉网直接作为接收装置)：静电纺电压50kV，喷丝口距离棉网高度10cm，使用的静电纺丝载体PU的质量百分比浓度10％，分子量平均12万，憎水剂质量百分浓度30％，低温憎水交联剂质量百分浓度3％，抗菌防臭剂SCJ-990用量3％(纺丝液溶剂为水)，所得高分子静电纺纱线的直径分布为250～350nm。
其中憎水性提升纤维的占比约为50％；憎水剂及低温憎水交联剂，其用量为3％(OWF)，抗菌防臭剂其用量为补充0.3％(OWF)。
坯定：130℃，2分钟；
染色：配方：活性黑Black B 4.5％OWF、活性黄3RS 0.3OWF、活性红3BS0.4％OWF。
染色条件：水比1：8(1kg布，需8kg水)，60℃染色75分钟，染液pH大小为14。
表3 30S螺纹面料测试结果
Figure BDA0002940437070000071
Figure BDA0002940437070000081
Figure BDA0002940437070000091
表4功能测试结果
Figure BDA0002940437070000092
测试方法：GB/T 21655.1-2008纺织品吸湿速干性的评定测试方法
由表3-4测试结果可以看出，经过整理后的棉纱，吸湿速干性能以及防止异味的能力都有明显提升，各项指标均达到国家标准要求。
图1为本实施例中成纱后静电纺丝在棉纤维上的成形情况，其中粗的纤维为棉，细的纤维为静电纺纤维。由图1可见，通过静电纺工艺，可以实现对棉局部的线性改性，从而达到局部憎水改性、花灰染色的效果，同时静电纺丝对棉纤维形成了比较好的线性包覆。
对比例1
本发明得到的速干棉纱及面料和CN102808257A《一种纯棉混色花式穗纱的制作方法》相比：
1、效率提升，CN102808257A所述方法，正常生产周期为50天；本发明所述方法正常生产周期为5天，效率提升80％。
2、成本降低，CN102808257A所述方式，先进染缸进行拒水整理，然后烘干后再与普通棉混合，该染色成本增加约为20元/公斤；本发明所有流程基本按正常纺纱流程进行，只增加静电纺工序及相关助剂费用，成本增加约5元/公斤。每公斤成本可以节约15元。
3、成纱效果更好，CN102808257A进缸憎水性提升过程，会增加棉中短纤维的含量，导致成纱毛羽多等问题。本发明没有进缸的步骤，不会导致棉纤维短纤化的问题，成纱基本接近常规纱效果。
4、与CN102808257A相比，本发明可以同步加入抗菌整理并实现多功能协同效应，更符合运动产品的需求。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例2不同之处在于，本对比例中不添加抗菌防臭剂。
对比例3
本对比例与实施例2不同之处在于，本对比例中不添加低温憎水交联剂。
实施例2和对比例2-3的抗菌协同效应的数据如表5所示。
原理解释：纱线中的憎水部分，可以有效降低面料的带液量，提供更为干燥的环境，从而阻碍细菌的滋生。
表5
抑菌率 对比例2 对比例3 实施例2
金黄色葡萄球菌(％) 10.13 62.52 97.38
大肠杆菌(％) 12.43 53.49 99.00
白色念珠菌(％) 4.58 36.47 88.80

Claims (6)

1.一种速干棉纺织品的制备方法，其特征在于，依次包括配棉，梳棉、憎水改性和抗菌整理，纺纱，织造，染色步骤；其中，梳棉、憎水改性和抗菌整理步骤是在棉纱生产梳棉过程中，使用静电纺，直接将纤维负载在棉网上，并将憎水剂及憎水交联剂线性施加到棉网上；静电纺丝所采用的纺丝液包括聚合物载体、憎水剂、憎水交联剂及抗菌防臭剂；所述聚合物载体为聚氨酯、聚乙烯醇和聚丙烯腈中的任意一种或几种，所述聚氨酯的分子量为8~15万，所述聚乙烯醇的分子量为5~12万，所述聚丙烯腈的分子量为5~12万；所述憎水剂为拒水高分子碳氢化合物；所述憎水交联剂为异氰酸酯类交联剂；所述抗菌防臭剂为季铵盐类阳离子抗菌防臭剂；所述憎水剂、憎水交联剂的用量分别为1~5 OWF%和0.1~0.5 OWF%，抗菌防臭剂的用量为0.1~0.5 OWF%；所述静电纺丝的工艺参数为：电压30~80kV，棉网直接作为静电纺接收装置；所得纤维的直径为200~500nm。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述纺丝液中聚合物载体的质量浓度为5~15%，憎水剂、憎水交联剂质量浓度分别为10~50%和1~5 OWF%。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述憎水改性的纤维与所有纤维的质量百分比为40~80%。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述染色步骤前将所述棉纺织品进行坯布定型处理，工艺参数为：温度90~170℃，时间1~3min。
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述染色步骤中，根据染色鲜艳度，加入纯碱5~20g/L，质量浓度30%双氧水0~5g/L；染色采用活性染料，根据颜色深度，60℃煮30~90min，染液pH值控制在12~14。
6.一种权利要求1-5任意一项所述的制备方法制备的速干棉纺织品。
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