CN112931313A - Artificial propagation technology for schizothorax grahami - Google Patents
Artificial propagation technology for schizothorax grahami Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931313A CN112931313A CN202110239271.2A CN202110239271A CN112931313A CN 112931313 A CN112931313 A CN 112931313A CN 202110239271 A CN202110239271 A CN 202110239271A CN 112931313 A CN112931313 A CN 112931313A
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- fish
- artificial propagation
- starch
- propagation technology
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
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- Physiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an artificial propagation technology of schizothorax grahami, belonging to the technical field of freshwater fish propagation and comprising domestication of parent fish, selection of parent fish, induced spawning, artificial insemination, incubation of fish eggs and feeding of fish fries, wherein the induced spawning adopts pentoxifylline, caffeine and calcium dobesilate as an induced spawning auxiliary agent; meanwhile, the compound feed used in the artificial propagation technology is also provided, and the compound feed contains resistant starch which is prepared in an acidic environment and has a substitution degree of 0.18-0.21. The artificial propagation technology provided by the invention has the advantages of stable and controllable process, low production cost, high domestication success rate of parent fishes, small production damage, high fertilization rate and hatching rate, low fry deformity rate and high drug utilization rate; the compound feed has excellent swelling degree and slow release property, high digestion conversion rate and high bioavailability, can improve gonad maturation and reproductive capacity of parent fish, improve semen and egg quality, and reduce embryo development deformity rate.
Description
The application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application 201910077579.4 entitled "artificial propagation technology of Schizothorax grahami" filed on 28.01.2019.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of freshwater fish breeding, and particularly relates to an artificial breeding technology of schizothorax grahami.
Background
Kunming schizothorax, also called as alepidote, belongs to Cyprinales and schizothorax subfamily in classification, is a special plateau fish in China, is a omnivorous fish mainly made of vegetable bait, has the characteristics of wide food property, tender meat, delicious taste and the like, and has great significance for research and protection. The schizothorax grahami has the characteristics of strong disease resistance, high meat content, rich muscle nutrient content and the like, and has tender meat quality, delicious taste, high protein content, low fat content and rich various types of noncellular fatty acids. The schizothorax grahami is mainly distributed in upstream branches of Wujiang and northern Panjiang in Guizhou, is a large-scale economic fish, and is also a group with the largest yield of wild fish in the upstream of Wujiang.
At present, the market price of schizothorax is more than 10 times of that of the traditional product, the market prospect is considerable, the economic benefit is high, and the investment return rate is high. However, the resources are extremely seriously damaged due to the fact that the wild fishes are caught abundantly and the foreign species eat a large amount of fish eggs, so that the current endangered extinction and the artificial propagation of schizothorax has become a necessary trend. The artificial propagation of the schizothorax grahami is realized, and the method has positive effects and important significance in the aspects of realizing large-scale culture and industrialized operation of the schizothorax grahami, providing sufficient fry and fingerling, realizing artificial propagation and releasing, protecting local fish resources and the like.
In China, the research on artificial propagation of schizothorax prenanti is mainly to directly collect sexually mature wild schizothorax prenanti from natural rivers and carry out artificial propagation tests. The artificial propagation of the wild schizothorax which is collected directly from the natural river and is sexually mature has the following problems: 1. due to river pollution, hydraulic engineering construction, wild fish capture and the like, wild resource quantity of the fish is reduced sharply, fishery products tend to be low in age, small and low in quality, sexually mature fish are difficult to find, and the source of research materials is limited; 2. in addition to the difficulty in finding sexually mature fish, it is more difficult to find mature female fish and mature male fish at the same time in wild schizothorax prenanti collected from natural rivers; 3. due to the limited capture of the wild mature fish, the breeding of the fry is limited, and the scale and the number of the culture are also limited. Therefore, the artificial propagation technology for the Schizothorax grahami is of great significance for the research on the artificial propagation technology of the rare variety of the Schizothorax grahami.
Although the artificial propagation technology of freshwater fishes has a long history, a series of problems occurring after wild fishes enter a pond culture environment from a wild environment are still not solved, the reproductive function of the wild fishes is firstly disordered, and the phenomena of mutual oestrus pursuit and natural spawning of a plurality of rare fishes before spawning are difficult to observe in the pond culture environment, so that the wild rare fishes are difficult to self-propagate in the pond culture environment. For many fishes, the ecological environment of the fish breeding season cannot be completely simulated, therefore, the artificial breeding technology of the invention is the artificial breeding technology of the Kunming schizothorax fish, which is formed by combining a plurality of technologies and injecting an efficient fish oxytocic to induce the fishes to lay eggs and produce sperms after the wild Kunming schizothorax fish is bred through artificial domestication, finally hatching fertilized eggs and obtaining normal offspring through the combination of the technologies, wherein the use of the oxytocic solves the problem of artificial breeding of the fishes to a great extent, and the fishes can lay eggs and produce sperms and can be fertilized normally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial propagation technology for schizothorax grahami, which has the advantages of stable and controllable process, low production cost, high domestication success rate of parent fish, small production damage, high fertilization rate and hatching rate, low fry deformity rate and high drug utilization rate.
The invention also aims to provide the compound feed for domesticating the schizothorax grahami, which has excellent swelling degree and slow release property, high digestion conversion rate and high bioavailability, and can promote the gonad maturation of the parent fish, improve the fertility of the parent fish, improve the quality of semen and egg granules and reduce the embryo development deformity rate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
the invention discloses an artificial propagation technology of schizothorax grahami by using the compound feed, which comprises domestication of parent fish, selection of parent fish, induced spawning, artificial insemination, incubation of fish eggs and feeding of fish fries, wherein pentoxifylline, caffeine and calcium dobesilate are adopted as induced spawning aids in the induced spawning step. The oxytocic auxiliary agent can promote the vasodilatation of the parent fish, shorten the time of the oxytocic and gonadotropin secreted by pituitary to act on a target organ, accelerate the exertion of the efficacy of the medicament, shorten the effect time, improve the oxytocic effect, and simultaneously, the addition of the energy substance and the tranquilizer can reduce the damage to the parent fish in the egg extruding process, accelerate the recovery of the postpartum parent fish, prevent postpartum syndrome and improve the survival rate of the postpartum parent fish.
Preferably, the oxytocin is injected in two times, the time interval is 49-54 h, the first injection dosage is half of the second injection dosage, and the second injection dosage is 33-35 mg/kg; the oxytocic auxiliary agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of pentoxifylline, 1.5-2.5 parts of calcium dobesilate and 0.03-0.05 part of caffeine.
Preferably, the step of domesticating the parent fish comprises the following steps: putting the sterilized parent fish into a domestication pond, covering a black shading net on the pond, feeding the compound feed for 2-3 times every day except for feeding natural bait, controlling the water flow speed in the pond to be 30-35 m/min, controlling the water transparency of the water to be 110-115 cm, controlling the dissolved oxygen content to be 6.9-7.8 mg/L, controlling the pH to be 6.0-7.5, controlling the osmotic pressure to be 2.7-4.9 mOsm/L, and controlling the temperature of the pond water to be 12-19 ℃. The mixed feed is used in the domestication period, so that the domestication survival rate of the wild fish can be increased, the growth and development of the fish body are promoted, particularly, the gonad of the parent fish is promoted to grow and mature, the reproductive capacity is increased, and more high-quality fertilized eggs can be provided.
Preferably, the parent fish selection step is: selecting male and female parent fishes which are normal in shape, good in growth and free of diseases in the domestication pond, and pulling a net in the domestication pond to check the sexual maturity condition of the parent fishes every week 2-3 months before a breeding season so as to timely induce spawning, wherein the checking method comprises the following steps: the mature female fish is upward, slightly exposed to the water surface, the ovary outline is obviously seen on two sides, the belly is slightly pressed by hands, the fish is soft and elastic, the male fish is obvious in pearl star and has strong rough feeling, the belly of the fish is upward, the two sides of the belly are slightly pressed, milky thick seminal fluid flows out, and the fish is best when being rapidly dispersed in water.
Preferably, the induced spawning step is as follows: and (3) selecting female fish with good sexual maturity, injecting an oxytocic and an oxytocic auxiliary agent at the same time at the base of the pectoral fin of the female fish, and injecting the female fish and the oxytocic auxiliary agent twice, wherein the dosage of the first injection is half of that of the second injection, the time interval of the two injections is 49-54 h, the dosage of the oxytocic for male fish is half of that of the female fish, and the oxytocic for male fish with good sexual maturity is not injected any more.
More preferably, the oxytocic is at least two of PG, LRH, HCG and DOM for fish, and the second injection dosage of each oxytocic is PG 7-8 mg/kg, LRH 18-23 mu g/kg, HCG 1600-2200 units/kg and DOM 13-16 mg/kg respectively.
Preferably, the artificial insemination step comprises: selecting sexually mature parent fish from a domestication pond for artificial insemination, wiping off water on the fish body, then enabling mature semen and ovum grains to flow into a clean container by adopting a light abdomen pressing method, stirring a sperm-ovum mixture for 25-35 s by using feathers, standing for 1-2 min, then slightly washing the sperm-ovum mixture by using physiological saline with osmotic pressure of 285-305 mOsm/L and temperature of 15-20 ℃, adding 26-30% of talcum powder suspension for debonding, and then placing the sperm-ovum mixture into an incubation jar.
Preferably, the parent fish after spawning and spermiation is returned to the domestication pond, 8-9 parts by weight of the traditional Chinese medicine composition is added into the compound feed, and then the feed is fed. The preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine composition is as follows: taking 3-4 parts by weight of Chinese angelica, 2-3 parts by weight of peach kernel, 1-2 parts by weight of safflower, 4-6 parts by weight of motherwort, 2-4 parts by weight of roasted liquorice, 2-3 parts by weight of fructus forsythiae, 1-3 parts by weight of patrinia, 2-5 parts by weight of fructus aurantii, 2-3 parts by weight of mangnolia officinalis, 2-5 parts by weight of radix rehmanniae, 3-4 parts by weight of radix scrophulariae and 2-3 parts by weight of radix ophiopogonis, respectively crushing to 80-100 meshes, mixing uniformly, adding 0.5-0.8 times of distilled water, heating to 85-95 ℃, and grinding for 60-120 min under the conditions of pressure of 0.12-0.22 MPa and speed of 30-40 m/min. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared by grinding the raw materials, has an activating effect, has a series of deformation behaviors, internal organizational structure changes and heat effects in the granules during grinding, and releases medicine properties to the maximum extent, and the prepared composition can nourish yin and blood, promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis, clear away heat and toxic materials, regulate qi and purge, improve microcirculation of the body of the parent fish after delivery, enhance physique, particularly promote uterine contraction of female fish, promote gastrointestinal functions, recover and prevent postpartum infection, and increase the postpartum survival rate of the parent fish.
Preferably, the fish egg hatching step is as follows: putting the sperm-egg mixture into an incubation cylinder, wherein the incubation cylinder is a toughened glass cylinder with the length of 50cm, the width of 40cm and the height of 40cm, 4500-5000 sperm eggs are placed in each cylinder, clear water is injected, the water surface is 5-7 cm above the roes, no strong light source is used for irradiating the incubation cylinder, the water temperature is kept at 10-22 ℃ during incubation, the water flow speed is 3-5 m/s, the pH value is 6.5-7.5, the dissolved oxygen content is 6.5-7.9 mg/L, and the osmotic pressure is 2.7-3.8 mOsm/L.
Preferably, the fry breeding step is as follows: after the fry which is hatched for 7-8 days, using egg yolk and red line worms as fry initial feed in a mixed nutrition period, stirring and feeding, wherein the daily feeding amount is 11-13 ml/m2Feeding 3-4 times per day; transferring the fish fries to a fry rearing pond for rearing after 19-21 days of film emergence, and feeding juvenile carp compound feed, wherein the daily feeding amount is 8-10% of the weight of the fry; and feeding the fish fries with the feed for breeding the fish fries after the weight of the fish fries is increased to 30 g/tail, wherein the daily feeding amount is 6-8% of the weight of the fish fries.
The invention also provides a compound feed for domesticating schizothorax grahami, which contains resistant starch with the substitution degree of 0.18-0.21 and prepared in an acidic environment; the preparation method of the resistant starch comprises the following steps:
a, providing starch;
b, providing 22-27 wt% of a water-soluble organic acid solution based on the weight of the starch;
c, providing 0.5-1.1 wt% of 6-chloronicotinic acid and 0.3-0.7 wt% of 1, 3-dimethylurea based on the weight of the starch;
d, contacting the starch with the substances in the steps b and c, heating the starch in dry air for reaction, washing and drying to obtain the starch. The resistant starch is added into the compound feed, so that short-chain fatty acid which is easier to absorb can be generated through fermentation in a body, the cholesterol level is reduced, the growth and the propagation of beneficial flora in an intestinal tract can be promoted, the flora structure is optimized, the pH value of the intestinal tract is reduced, the absorption of calcium and magnesium ions is promoted, the growth of saprophytic bacteria is inhibited, and the effects of promoting the growth and development of the body and maintaining the health of the body are achieved.
Preferably, the starch is selected from sweet potato starch, rice starch, potato starch or corn starch, most preferably, sweet potato starch is selected.
Preferably, the water-soluble organic acid solution has a mass concentration of 50 to 55% and a pH of 1 to 2.
Preferably, the heating reaction temperature is 135-145 ℃, the reaction time is 3-3.5 h, the drying temperature is 55-60 ℃, and the time is 20-30 min.
More preferably, the specific preparation steps of the resistant starch are as follows: adding water into water-soluble organic acid citric acid to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 50-55%, adding 10mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to 1-2, then adding 6-chloronicotinic acid, 1, 3-dimethyl urea and sweet potato starch into the citric acid solution in proportion, fully and uniformly mixing, standing at room temperature for 13-14 h, then placing the mixed system in a drying oven with the temperature of 135-145 ℃, heating for reaction for 3-3.5 h, taking out, performing suction filtration and washing for 2-3 times by using distilled water, then placing in a drying oven with the temperature of 55-60 ℃ for drying for 20-30 min, and crushing and sieving to obtain the finished product. In the heating reaction, the starch is changed from long chain to short chain and is esterified and crosslinked with acid anhydride formed by citric acid dehydration, 6-chloronicotinic acid and 1, 3-dimethylurea in the citric acid solution can be combined together by utilizing the action among amino, carbonyl and carboxyl bonds at high temperature and are inserted into a crystalline structure of citric acid acyl introduced by resistant starch, so that the bonding action inside the resistant starch granules is weakened, the swelling degree of the resistant starch granules is increased, the compound feed has slow release performance in a body, resistant starch fermenting bacteria can enter the resistant starch molecules more easily, the rate of converting into short-chain fatty acid is increased, and the bioavailability is also improved.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the resistant starch in the compound feed is 5-10%.
Further preferably, the compound feed also comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-7 parts of shrimp meal, 7-9 parts of chicken meal, 3-5 parts of squid liver paste, 4-5 parts of fish oil, 2-3 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-0.5 part of choline chloride, 1-2 parts of vitamin and mineral element premix, 2-3 parts of human placenta and 0.03-0.06 part of liver-protecting cholagogue. The compound feed is rich in protein and lipid, and especially has the characteristics of reasonably proportioning according to the characteristic that the parent fish needs a large amount of protein and lipid in the gonad development and maturation process, so that the metabolism of cholesterol in liver tissues is enhanced, the content of short-chain fatty acid is increased, the sexual maturation development of the parent fish is promoted, the gonad development and maturation of the parent fish are ensured, the fertility of the parent fish is improved, the quality of semen and egg granules is improved, and the probability of teratization of embryos is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) when parent fish domestication is carried out on schizothorax prenanti, the compound feed containing resistant starch is adopted, reasonable proportioning is carried out according to the requirements of the parent fish in the gonad development and maturation process, the schizothorax prenanti-bacterial preparation has excellent swelling degree and slow release property, the digestion conversion rate and the biological effective utilization rate are high, the sexual maturation development of the parent fish can be effectively promoted, the gonad development and maturation of the parent fish are ensured, the fertility of the parent fish is improved, the quality of semen and egg granules is improved, and the probability of teratization of embryos is reduced;
2) the success of the parent schizothorax prenanti fish domestication fundamentally solves the problem that the wild fish is not developed or is not developed synchronously under the pond culture environment, improves the domestication success rate, simultaneously gains the reproductive capacity of the parent fish, and creates favorable conditions for the breeding of the schizothorax prenanti fish;
3) the oxytocin and the oxytocin are used in a matching way, so that the damage to parent fish of schizothorax prenanti is reduced, higher fertility rate and hatching rate can be obtained, the waste of roe resources is reduced, the culture time cost is also reduced, and the operation is simpler, more convenient and faster;
4) the breeding, the spawn hatching and the fry breeding after artificial insemination are designed according to the growth characteristics of parent schizothorax biddulphi and fries, so that the utilization rate of the medicine is optimal, the use amount and the cost of the medicine are reduced, the postpartum recovery and the health of the parent fish are improved, the survival rate of the parent fish is increased, and the breeding cost is reduced.
The artificial propagation technology for schizothorax grahami provided by the invention adopts the technical scheme, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and is reasonable in design and convenient to operate.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments:
example 1:
a compound feed for domesticating schizothorax grahami, which contains resistant starch prepared in acidic environment; the preparation method of the resistant starch comprises the following steps:
a, providing starch;
providing 23 wt% of a water-soluble organic acid solution based on the weight of the starch;
c, providing 0.75 wt% of 6-chloronicotinic acid and 0.43 wt% of 1, 3-dimethylurea based on the weight of the starch;
d, contacting the starch with the substances in the steps b and c, heating the starch in dry air for reaction, washing and drying to obtain the starch. The resistant starch is added into the compound feed, so that short-chain fatty acid which is easier to absorb can be generated through fermentation in a body, the cholesterol level is reduced, the growth and the propagation of beneficial flora in an intestinal tract can be promoted, the flora structure is optimized, the pH value of the intestinal tract is reduced, the absorption of calcium and magnesium ions is promoted, the growth of saprophytic bacteria is inhibited, and the effects of promoting the growth and development of the body and maintaining the health of the body are achieved.
The specific preparation steps of the resistant starch are as follows: adding water into water-soluble organic acid citric acid to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 52%, adding 10mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to 2, then adding 6-chloronicotinic acid, 1, 3-dimethyl urea and sweet potato starch into the citric acid solution in proportion, fully and uniformly mixing, standing at room temperature for 13 hours, then placing the mixed system in a drying oven with the temperature of 135 ℃, heating for reaction for 3 hours, taking out, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 2 times by using distilled water, then placing in a drying oven with the temperature of 55 ℃ for drying for 20 minutes, and crushing and sieving to obtain the finished product. In the heating reaction, the starch is changed from long chain to short chain and is esterified and crosslinked with acid anhydride formed by citric acid dehydration, 6-chloronicotinic acid and 1, 3-dimethylurea in the citric acid solution can be combined together by utilizing the action among amino, carbonyl and carboxyl bonds at high temperature and are inserted into a crystalline structure of citric acid acyl introduced by resistant starch, so that the bonding action inside the resistant starch granules is weakened, the swelling degree of the resistant starch granules is increased, the compound feed has slow release performance in a body, resistant starch fermenting bacteria can enter the resistant starch molecules more easily, the rate of converting into short-chain fatty acid is increased, and the bioavailability is also improved.
The weight ratio of the resistant starch in the compound feed is 7%.
The compound feed also comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of shrimp meal, 7 parts of chicken meal, 3 parts of squid paste, 4 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of choline chloride, 1 part of vitamin and mineral element premix, 2 parts of human placenta and 0.04 part of liver-protecting and cholagogic. The compound feed is rich in protein and lipid, and especially has the characteristics of reasonably proportioning according to the characteristic that the parent fish needs a large amount of protein and lipid in the gonad development and maturation process, so that the metabolism of cholesterol in liver tissues is enhanced, the content of short-chain fatty acid is increased, the sexual maturation development of the parent fish is promoted, the gonad development and maturation of the parent fish are ensured, the fertility of the parent fish is improved, the quality of semen and egg granules is improved, and the probability of teratization of embryos is reduced.
An artificial reproduction technique for schizothorax grahami by using said compound feed includes domestication of parent fish, selection of parent fish, induced spawning, artificial insemination, incubation of fish eggs and raising fry, in which the induced spawning step adopts pentoxifylline, caffeine and calcium dobesilate as induced spawning adjuvant. The oxytocic auxiliary agent can promote the vasodilatation of the parent fish, shorten the time of the oxytocic and gonadotropin secreted by pituitary to act on a target organ, accelerate the exertion of the efficacy of the medicament, shorten the effect time, improve the oxytocic effect, and simultaneously, the addition of the energy substance and the tranquilizer can reduce the damage to the parent fish in the egg extruding process, accelerate the recovery of the postpartum parent fish, prevent postpartum syndrome and improve the survival rate of the postpartum parent fish.
The oxytocin is injected for two times with the time interval of 49h, the first injection dose is half of the second injection dose, and the second injection dose is 33 mg/kg; the oxytocic auxiliary agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of pentoxifylline, 1.8 parts of calcium dobesilate and 0.03 part of caffeine.
The domestication step of the parent fish comprises the following steps: placing the sterilized parent fish into a domestication pond, covering a black shading net on the pond, feeding the compound feed for 2 times every day except for feeding natural bait, controlling the water flow speed in the pond to be 30m/min, the water quality transparency to be 110cm, the dissolved oxygen content to be 7.2mg/L, the pH to be 6.5, the osmotic pressure to be 3.4mOsm/L, and the temperature of the pond water to be 14 ℃. The mixed feed is used in the domestication period, so that the domestication survival rate of the wild fish can be increased, the growth and development of the fish body are promoted, particularly, the gonad of the parent fish is promoted to grow and mature, the reproductive capacity is increased, and more high-quality fertilized eggs can be provided.
The parent fish selection steps are as follows: selecting male and female parent fishes which are normal in shape, good in growth and free of diseases in the domestication pond, and pulling a net in the domestication pond to check the sexual maturity condition of the parent fishes every week 2-3 months before a breeding season so as to timely induce spawning, wherein the checking method comprises the following steps: the mature female fish is upward, slightly exposed to the water surface, the ovary outline is obviously seen on two sides, the belly is slightly pressed by hands, the fish is soft and elastic, the male fish is obvious in pearl star and has strong rough feeling, the belly of the fish is upward, the two sides of the belly are slightly pressed, milky thick seminal fluid flows out, and the fish is best when being rapidly dispersed in water.
The induced spawning step comprises: and (3) selecting female fish with good sexual maturity, injecting an oxytocic and an oxytocic auxiliary agent at the same time at the base of the pectoral fin of the female fish, and injecting the female fish with good sexual maturity by two times, wherein the dosage of the first injection is half of that of the second injection, the time interval of the two injections is 49h, the dosage of the oxytocic for the male fish is half of that of the female fish, and the oxytocic for the male fish is not injected any more when the male fish is well sexual.
The oxytocic is selected from PG and DOM for fish, and the second injection dosage of each oxytocic is PG7mg/kg and DOM14mg/kg respectively.
The artificial insemination steps are as follows: selecting sexually mature parent fish from a domestication pond for artificial insemination, wiping off water on the fish body, making mature semen and ovum grains flow into a clean container by adopting a light abdomen pressing method, stirring the sperm-ovum mixture for 25s by using feathers, standing for 1min, slightly flushing the sperm-ovum mixture by using physiological saline with osmotic pressure of 290mOsm/L and temperature of 15 ℃, adding 26% of talcum powder suspension for debonding, and then placing the sperm-ovum mixture in an incubation jar.
After the parent fish which finished spawning and sperm discharging is put back to the domestication pond, 8 parts by weight of the traditional Chinese medicine composition is added into the compound feed for feeding. The preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine composition is as follows: respectively crushing 3 parts of angelica sinensis, 2 parts of peach kernel, 2 parts of safflower, 6 parts of motherwort, 2 parts of moxibustion licorice, 2 parts of fructus forsythiae, 3 parts of herba patriniae, 5 parts of fructus aurantii, 2 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 2 parts of radix rehmanniae, 4 parts of radix scrophulariae and 3 parts of radix ophiopogonis according to the parts by weight to 80 meshes, uniformly mixing, adding 0.5 times of distilled water, heating to 85 ℃, and grinding for 60min under the conditions of 0.15MPa of pressure and 30m/min of speed to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine. The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared by grinding the raw materials, has an activating effect, has a series of deformation behaviors, internal organizational structure changes and heat effects in the granules during grinding, and releases medicine properties to the maximum extent, and the prepared composition can nourish yin and blood, promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis, clear away heat and toxic materials, regulate qi and purge, improve microcirculation of the body of the parent fish after delivery, enhance physique, particularly promote uterine contraction of female fish, promote gastrointestinal functions, recover and prevent postpartum infection, and increase the postpartum survival rate of the parent fish.
The fish egg hatching step is as follows: putting the sperm-egg mixture into an incubation jar, wherein the incubation jar adopts a toughened glass jar with the length of 50cm, the width of 40cm and the height of 40cm, 4500 sperm-eggs are put in each jar, clear water is injected, the water surface is 5cm above the roes, no strong light source is used for irradiation in the incubation jar, the water temperature is kept at 12 ℃ during incubation, the water flow speed is 3m/s, the pH value is 6.5, the dissolved oxygen content is 6.8mg/L, and the osmotic pressure is 2.9 mOsm/L.
The fry breeding steps are as follows: after the fry which is just hatched is cultivated for 7 days, egg yolk and red line worms are used as initial feed for the fry in the mixed nutrition period, the fry is stirred and fed, and the daily feeding amount is 11ml/m2Feeding 3 times daily; transferring the fish fries to a fry rearing pond for rearing after the fish fries come out of the film for 19 days, and feeding juvenile carp compound feed with daily feeding amount of 8.5 percent of the weight of the fry; feeding the fish fry with the feed after the weight of the fish fry is increased to 30 g/tail, wherein the daily feeding amount is 6.5 percent of the weight of the fish fry.
Example 2:
an artificial propagation technology for schizothorax grahami comprises parent fish domestication, parent fish selection, induced spawning, artificial insemination, roe incubation and fry feeding, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) domesticating parent fishes: placing the sterilized parent fish into a domestication pond, covering a black shading net on the pond, feeding the compound feed for 3 times every day except for feeding natural bait, controlling the water flow speed in the pond to be 33m/min, the water quality transparency to be 115cm, the dissolved oxygen content to be 7.6mg/L, the pH to be 7.5, the osmotic pressure to be 4.5mOsm/L and the temperature of the pond water to be 17 ℃;
2) selecting parent fish: selecting male and female parent fishes which are normal in shape, good in growth and free of diseases in the domestication pond, and pulling a net in the domestication pond to check the sexual maturity condition of the parent fishes every week 2-3 months before a breeding season so as to timely induce spawning, wherein the checking method comprises the following steps: the mature female fish is upward and slightly exposed out of the water, the outline of the ovary is obviously seen on two sides, the abdomen is lightly pressed by hands, the fish is soft and elastic, the pearl star of the male fish is obvious and has strong rough feeling, the abdomen of the fish is upward, the two sides of the abdomen are lightly pressed, milky thick seminal fluid flows out, and the fish is best when being rapidly dispersed when meeting water;
3) hastening parturition: selecting female fish with sexual maturity, injecting an oxytocic and an oxytocic aid at the same time at the base of the pectoral fin of the female fish, injecting the oxytocic and the oxytocic aid twice, wherein the first injection dosage is half of the second injection dosage, the time interval of the two injections is 52h, the dosage of the oxytocic for the male fish is half of that of the female fish, the oxytocic is not injected again when the male fish is well sexually mature, the oxytocic is selected from PG, LRH and DOM for the fish, the second injection dosages of the oxytocic agents are PG7mg/kg, LRH21 mu g/kg and DOM14mg/kg respectively, the oxytocic aid adopts pentoxifylline, caffeine and calcium dobesilate, the second injection dosage of the oxytocic aid is 35mg/kg, and the oxytocic aid comprises the following raw materials: 1.5 parts of pentoxifylline, 2.2 parts of calcium dobesilate and 0.05 part of caffeine;
4) artificial insemination: selecting sexually mature parent fish from a domestication pond for artificial insemination, wiping off water on the fish body, making mature semen and ovum grains flow into a clean container by adopting a light abdomen pressing method, stirring the sperm-ovum mixture for 35s by using feathers, standing for 2min, slightly flushing the sperm-ovum mixture by using physiological saline with osmotic pressure of 300mOsm/L and temperature of 18 ℃, adding 28% of talcum powder suspension for debonding, and then placing the sperm-ovum mixture into an incubation cylinder;
5) hatching the fish eggs: placing the sperm-egg mixture in an incubation cylinder, wherein the incubation cylinder adopts a toughened glass cylinder with the length of 50cm, the width of 40cm and the height of 40cm, 5000 sperm-egg are placed in each cylinder, clear water is injected, the water surface is 7cm above the roe, no strong light source is used for irradiation in the incubation cylinder, the water temperature is kept at 18 ℃ during incubation, the water flow speed is 5m/s, the pH value is 7.0, the dissolved oxygen content is 7.3mg/L, and the osmotic pressure is 3.5 mOsm/L;
6) fry rearing: after the fry which is just hatched is cultivated for 8 days, egg yolk and red line worms are used as initial feed for the fry in the mixed nutrition period, the fry is stirred and fed, and the daily feeding amount is 13ml/m2Feeding for 4 times a day; transferring the fish fries to a fry rearing pond for rearing after 21d of film emergence, and feeding juvenile carp compound feed with daily feeding amount of 9.5% of the weight of the fry; feeding the fish fry with the feed after the weight of the fish fry is increased to 30 g/tail, wherein the daily feeding amount is 7.5 percent of the weight of the fish fry.
The compound feed used in the step of domesticating the parent fish comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6 parts of shrimp meal, 8 parts of chicken meal, 5 parts of squid liver paste, 5 parts of fish oil, 3 parts of soybean lecithin, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5 part of choline chloride, 2 parts of vitamin and mineral element premix, 3 parts of human placenta and 0.06 part of liver-protecting cholagogue, and the compound feed also comprises 8.5% of resistant starch by weight.
The preparation method of the resistant starch comprises the following specific steps: adding water-soluble organic acid citric acid into water to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 54%, adding 10mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to 1.5, then adding a citric acid solution accounting for 26 wt% of the weight of the starch into the sweet potato starch, then adding 6-chloronicotinic acid accounting for 0.9 wt% of the weight of the starch and 1, 3-dimethylurea accounting for 0.55 wt% of the weight of the starch, fully and uniformly mixing, standing at room temperature for 14h, then placing the mixed system in a drying oven with the temperature of 145 ℃, heating to react for 3.5h, taking out, performing suction filtration and washing for 3 times by using distilled water, then placing in the drying oven with the temperature of 60 ℃ for drying for 25min, and crushing and sieving to obtain the sweet potato starch.
In the artificial insemination step, after the parent fish which finishes spawning and sperm discharging is put back to the domestication pond, 9 parts by weight of the traditional Chinese medicine composition is added into the compound feed for feeding. The preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine composition is as follows: respectively crushing 4 parts of Chinese angelica, 3 parts of peach kernel, 1.5 parts of safflower, 5 parts of motherwort, 3 parts of moxibustion licorice, 3 parts of fructus forsythiae, 2 parts of herba patriniae, 3 parts of fructus aurantii, 3 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 5 parts of radix rehmanniae, 3 parts of radix scrophulariae and 3 parts of radix ophiopogonis according to the parts by weight to 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, adding 0.8 times of distilled water, heating to 95 ℃, and grinding for 90min under the conditions of pressure of 0.20MPa and speed of 40m/min to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine.
Example 3:
an artificial propagation technology for schizothorax grahami comprises parent fish domestication, parent fish selection, induced spawning, artificial insemination, roe incubation and fry feeding, wherein the artificial insemination step is further optimized, and the specific steps are as follows: and (3) after the parent fish which finishes spawning and sperm discharging is put back to the domestication pond, 9 parts by weight of the traditional Chinese medicine composition is added into the compound feed, and then the feed is fed. The preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine composition is as follows: respectively crushing 4 parts of angelica sinensis, 3 parts of peach kernel, 1.5 parts of safflower, 5 parts of motherwort, 3 parts of moxibustion liquorice, 3 parts of fructus forsythiae, 2 parts of herba patriniae, 3 parts of fructus aurantii, 3 parts of mangnolia officinalis, 5 parts of radix rehmanniae, 3 parts of radix scrophulariae and 3 parts of radix ophiopogonis according to the parts by weight to 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, adding 0.8 times of distilled water containing 0.035mM of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 0.047mM of 3-methylglutaryl, heating the system to 95 ℃, and grinding for 90min under the conditions of pressure of 0.20MPa and speed of 40m/min to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine. The p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and the 3-methylglutaryl dialdehyde quickly permeate into the veins on the plant cell walls by utilizing the mechanical activation energy of grinding, and break the plasmodesmata passing through the veins, so that the substance transportation among cells is interrupted, the integrity of the whole cell structure is broken, and various molecules in the cells are thoroughly released, thereby the drug effect of the traditional Chinese medicine composition is optimal, the utilization rate of raw materials is increased, and the usage amount and the cost of the medicine are also reduced.
In this example, the optimization was performed based on example 2, and other raw materials and steps were the same as those in example 2, and the artificial propagation of schizothorax grahami was performed.
Example 4:
an artificial propagation technology for schizothorax grahami comprises parent fish domestication, parent fish selection, induced spawning, artificial insemination, fish egg hatching and fry feeding, wherein a compound feed used in the parent fish domestication step also comprises resistant starch accounting for 8.5% by weight, and the specific preparation steps of the resistant starch are as follows: adding water into water-soluble organic acid citric acid to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 54%, adding 10mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to 1.5, then adding a citric acid solution accounting for 26 wt% of the weight of the starch into the sweet potato starch, then adding 6-chloronicotinic acid and 1, 3-dimethyl urea accounting for 0 wt% of the weight of the starch, fully and uniformly mixing, standing at room temperature for 14 hours, then placing the mixed system in a drying oven with the temperature of 145 ℃, heating for reaction for 3.5 hours, then taking out, carrying out suction filtration and washing for 3 times by using distilled water, then placing in a drying oven with the temperature of 60 ℃ for drying for 25 minutes, and carrying out crushing and sieving to obtain the product, wherein the 6-chloronicotinic acid and the 1, 3-dimethyl urea are not added in the preparation process.
In this example, a comparative experiment was conducted on the basis of example 2, and the artificial propagation of schizothorax grahami was conducted in the same manner as in example 2 using other raw materials and procedures.
Example 5:
determination of resistant starch Properties
The substitution degree is measured by an acid-base titration method, and the specific measurement method is as follows: weighing 5g of the prepared resistant starch sample (namely W1), adding 50ml of distilled water, uniformly mixing, dripping 3 drops of 1% phenolphthalein indicator, then titrating to a point that reddish color does not disappear by using 0.1mol/L sodium hydroxide, then adding 25ml of 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide standard solution, mechanically shaking for 30min, carrying out saponification, titrating the saponified solution to a point that pink color disappears by using 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid standard solution, and setting the volume of the used hydrochloric acid solution to be V1 (ml).
A＝(V2/W2-V1/W1)×M×0.158×100
DS＝162A/15800-156A
In the formula: a is the mass fraction of citric acid acyl in the sample,%; m is the concentration of a hydrochloric acid standard solution, and is 0.5 mol/L; 162 is the relative molecular mass of the starch; w2 is the mass of a pure sweet potato starch sample, 5 g; v2 is the volume of hydrochloric acid standard solution used for determination of pure sweet potato starch, 23 ml.
The resistant starches obtained in examples 1, 2 and 4 were subjected to the measurement of substitution degree, reaction efficiency and resistance content according to the above acid-base measurement method, and the specific results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 resistant starch Performance test
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 4 | |
| Degree of substitution | 0.1847 | 0.2011 | 0.1639 |
| The reaction efficiency% | 40.22 | 41.13 | 39.55 |
| Content of resistance% | 71.1 | 73.8 | 65.3 |
As can be seen from the above table, the substitution degree, reaction efficiency and resistance content of citric acid in the resistant starch prepared in examples 1 and 2 are significantly higher than those of the resistant starch prepared in example 4, the substitution degree and resistance content are directly related, but should be inversely related to the reaction efficiency, but since the 6-chloronicotinic acid and the 1, 3-dimethylurea are added in the preparation process of examples 1 and 2, both have promoting effect on the reaction efficiency, so that the reaction efficiency is increased, and the resistant starch with better quality is prepared.
Example 6:
artificial breeding test for schizothorax Kunming
In a certain Schizothorax grahami breeding production base, the artificial breeding technology in the embodiments 1-4 is used as a test group 1-4, a certain commercially available carp feed is used as a feed for a domestication period and a postpartum recovery period as a control group, 75 fish of female fish and 150 fish of male fish are selected and averagely divided into 5 groups, and artificial breeding is carried out by the methods of the test group and the control group respectively. During the fry rearing period, the disinfectant is forbidden, nitrobacteria are used for regulating the water quality until all the fertilized eggs are hatched, and the test results are shown in the following tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 Care conditions for Schizothorax grahami
| Delivery volume/end | Time to domesticate/d | Normal feeding/tail | Survival rate/% | |
| Test group 1 | 45 | 55 | 42 | 93.3 |
| Test group 2 | 45 | 55 | 41 | 91.1 |
| Test group 3 | 45 | 55 | 42 | 93.3 |
| Test group 4 | 45 | 55 | 40 | 88.9 |
| Control group | 45 | 55 | 38 | 84.4 |
TABLE 3 Artificial reproduction of Schizothorax grahami
| Test group 1 | Test group 2 | Test group 3 | Test group 4 | Control group | |
| Feeding female fish/tail | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Number of eggs/granule | 17563 | 17854 | 18065 | 16121 | 13558 |
| Fertilized egg/granule | 15626 | 15895 | 16389 | 14236 | 11335 |
| Spawning parent fish/tail | 10 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 9 |
| Catalytic rate/%) | 76.9 | 84.6 | 84.6 | 76.9 | 69.2 |
| Fertilization rate/%) | 89.0 | 89.0 | 90.7 | 88.3 | 83.6 |
| Hatching rate/% | 85.75 | 85.68 | 86.59 | 87.25 | 82.81 |
| Distortion rate/%) | 10.8 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 12.1 | 16.5 |
| Survival rate after birth of parent fish/%) | 80.0 | 81.8 | 90.9 | 80.0 | 66.7 |
As can be seen from the above table 2, the compound feed prepared in the examples has better domestication effect and higher domestication survival rate than common commercial feeds, effectively solves the problem that wild fishes are difficult to domesticate, and also reduces the production cost. As can be seen from table 3, the compound feed prepared in the embodiment can promote the sexual maturity and development of the parent fish, improve the fertility of the parent fish, improve the quality of semen and egg granules, obviously increase the hatching rate of fertilized eggs, and significantly reduce the probability of teratization of embryos, and because the specific traditional Chinese medicine composition is added into the compound feed after the parent fish lays eggs and discharges sperm, the survival rate of the parent fish after delivery is greatly increased, and the production cost is further reduced.
According to the experimental result analysis, the artificial propagation technology of the schizothorax grahami provided by the invention has the advantages that the propagation process is stable and controllable, the operation is controlled manually, the simplicity, the convenience and the high efficiency are realized, the domestication success rate of the wild fish can be improved, the propagation capacity of the parent fish is increased, the higher fertilization rate and the higher hatching rate can be obtained, the waste of fish egg resources is reduced, the abnormal rate of embryonic development is effectively reduced, the survival rate of fish fries is increased, and the culture cost is also reduced.
Conventional techniques in the above embodiments are known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial propagation technology for schizothorax grahami comprises parent fish domestication, parent fish selection, induced spawning, artificial insemination, roe incubation and fry feeding, and is characterized in that: the oxytocic uses pentoxifylline, caffeine and calcium dobesilate as oxytocic auxiliary agents.
2. The artificial propagation technology of schizothorax grahami according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oxytocin auxiliary agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of pentoxifylline, 1.5-2.5 parts of calcium dobesilate and 0.03-0.05 part of caffeine.
3. The artificial propagation technology of schizothorax grahami according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oxytocin is injected for two times, the time interval is 49-54 h, the first injection dosage is half of the second injection dosage, and the second injection dosage is 33-35 mg/kg.
4. The artificial propagation technology of schizothorax grahami according to claim 1, characterized in that: the domestication step of the parent fish comprises the following steps: putting the sterilized parent fish into a domestication pond, covering a black shading net on the pond, feeding the compound feed for 2-3 times every day, controlling the water flow speed in the pond to be 30-35 m/min, the water transparency to be 110-115 cm, the dissolved oxygen content to be 6.9-7.8 mg/L, the pH to be 6.0-7.5, the osmotic pressure to be 2.7-4.9 mOsm/L, and the temperature of the pond water to be 12-19 ℃.
5. The artificial propagation technology of schizothorax grahami according to claim 1, characterized in that: the artificial insemination steps are as follows: selecting sexually mature parent fish from a domestication pond for artificial insemination, enabling mature semen and ovum grains to flow into a clean container, stirring a sperm-ovum mixture with feathers for 25-35 s, standing for 1-2 min, slightly flushing the sperm-ovum mixture with physiological saline with osmotic pressure of 285-305 mOsm/L and temperature of 15-20 ℃, then performing debonding treatment, and then placing the sperm-ovum mixture into an incubation cylinder.
6. The artificial propagation technology of schizothorax grahami according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fish egg hatching step is as follows: putting the sperm-egg mixture into an incubation cylinder, putting 4500-5000 sperm eggs in each cylinder, injecting clear water, enabling the water surface to be 5-7 cm above the roes, enabling the water surface to be free of strong light source irradiation in the incubation cylinder, keeping the water temperature to be 10-22 ℃ during incubation, enabling the water flow speed to be 3-5 m/s, enabling the pH to be 6.5-7.5, enabling the dissolved oxygen content to be 6.5-7.9 mg/L, and enabling the osmotic pressure to be 2.7-3.8 mOsm/L.
7. The artificial propagation technology of schizothorax grahami according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fry breeding steps are as follows: after the fry which is hatched for 7-8 days, using egg yolk and red line worms as fry initial feed in a mixed nutrition period, stirring and feeding, wherein the daily feeding amount is 11-13 ml/m2Feeding 3-4 times per day; transferring the fish fries to a fry rearing pond for rearing after 19-21 days of film emergence, and feeding juvenile carp compound feed, wherein the daily feeding amount is 8-10% of the weight of the fry; and feeding the fish fries with the feed for breeding the fish fries after the weight of the fish fries is increased to 30 g/tail, wherein the daily feeding amount is 6-8% of the weight of the fish fries.
8. The artificial propagation technology of schizothorax grahami according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound feed used in the artificial propagation technology contains resistant starch which is prepared in an acidic environment and has a substitution degree of 0.18-0.21; the preparation method of the resistant starch comprises the following steps:
a, providing starch;
b, providing 22-27 wt% of a water-soluble organic acid solution based on the weight of the starch;
c, providing 0.5-1.1 wt% of 6-chloronicotinic acid and 0.3-0.7 wt% of 1, 3-dimethylurea based on the weight of the starch;
d, contacting the starch with the substances in the steps b and c, heating the starch in dry air for reaction, washing and drying to obtain the starch.
9. The artificial propagation technology of schizothorax grahami of claim 8, wherein: the mass concentration of the water-soluble organic acid solution is 50-55%, and the pH value is 1-2.
10. The artificial propagation technology of schizothorax grahami of claim 8, wherein: the heating reaction temperature is 135-145 ℃, and the reaction time is 3-3.5 h; the drying temperature is 55-60 ℃, and the drying time is 20-30 min.
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